Why is it important?

The industrial revolution changed human life drastically

Before the industrial revolution, technology pretty much stayed the same from 2000 years ago until the mid 1700s

More things have been created in the last 250 years than all of time put together

What was it?

The Industrial Revolution was an extreme change in the way goods were produced

Goods used to be hand made

Machines were now invented to replace human labor

What was it?

Machines were more efficient at producing goods

This increased production changed the world forever

QUESTION

What does it mean when I say “increased production”?

Why would having more goods made in a shorter time change the world?

Production Changes

New energy sources were created to power the new machinesWater, Steam, Electricity, Oil

People began using more metals and minerals for production and powerAluminum, Coal, Copper, Iron

Transportation Changes

Transportation improved

Shipsfirst were made of wood, now made of Iron, and

later, steelSails were replaced by steam power

Trains were created And later, automobiles

Communication Changes

Communication Improves!

Telegraph

Radio

Telephone

Work Changes “Factory System” of production invented

Before the factory system, people lived where they worked

Factory machines were too big to keep in a house, so large buildings (factories) were built

People traveled to the factories to work for the day, and then went home at night

Living Changes

Urbanization occurred

People moved from farms to the cities so that they could work in the factories

Percent of people in England living in Cities

Social Changes

New “classes” formed, now there was a working class, a middle class, and a wealthy industrial class

CapitalistsPoliticians

Factory Owners& Managers

Factory WorkersCity WorkersFarmers

Economic Changes

Mass production meant large amounts of goods were being produced

More goods, more variety

Capitalism is fully developed

Background of the Industrial Revolution

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment lead to new ideas, and people shared those ideas

People now knew more about the world and science than ever before

This leads to a huge growth in technology

Production before Industrial Revolution

Before the industrial revolution, businessmen delivered the “raw materials” to workers homes

People then produced goods from within their homes

Production before Industrial Revolution

Example: ->businessman delivered cloth, people sewed the cloth into shirts -> the businessman would then pay the person based on how many shirts they made -> The businessman would then sell the shirts and make a profit

Production before Industrial Revolution

As the population grew, people demanded more goods

This Domestic System, or “home-made” style of producing goods, could not keep up with demand

Factory System

Replaced the Domestic System

Faster

Workers were concentrated in a set location

Production anticipated demand

QUESTION

What does “Production anticipated Demand” mean?

Factory owners knew that they would not sell 5,000 shirts right away, but made what they knew they could eventually sell

This allowed them to take time to produce other things after the shirts were done

England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

Slow, gradual changes in England started in the 1700s

After 1750, the changes grew

Why England ?

England’s Resources: Capital The revolution made many English

merchants wealthy

The merchants now had extra money, or “Capital,” to buy buildings, machines, and raw materials to get factories going

England’s Resources: Colonies England had more colonies than any

other nation

The colonies were a huge source of raw materials

QUESTION

Can you think of some example resources that England got from its colonies?

Cotton – from the Americas

Silk – From China

England’s Resources: Raw Materials England had a large amount of Coal to

power steam engines and other machines

England also had a lot of Iron

England’s Resources: Merchant Marine England had the world’s largest

merchant fleet

England’s Resources: Geography England has excellent harbors and ports

A damp climate helped the cloth industry because thread would not dry out

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

•The process of inventing never ends

•One invention inevitably leads to improvements upon it and to more inventions

WAIT: And think!

Progress leads to more Progress

Think about the world’s first computers and compare them to what they have now

Think about the worlds first cell phones. Cell phones were originally just made for fast communication in business. Soon after, people saw that the cell phone was more useful than just for business.

The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

Steam Power

Before steam power, the only water power used was a “water wheel”

But if a river flooded or dried up, the wheel would not be useful

Steam Power

1st steam engine was created in 1704, use to pump water from mines

By 1769, a steam engine that could power machines was created

Coal & Iron

From 1770-1800, coal production went from 6 million to 12 million tons

Steel

Before the Industrial Revolution, Steel was difficult and expensive to produce

Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer process, which made the production of steel faster and less expensive

Transportation

Transportation

Strong, hard roads were invented around 1820

This eliminated gravel and dirt roads

QUESTION

Why was the creation and use of hard and strong roads over dirt and gravel roads so useful?

Railroads

From 1830 to 1870, England went from having 49 miles of railroad tracks to 15,000 miles

In 1830 – the “rocket” train traveled 40 miles in 1.5 hours

Communication

Printing

By 1870, the Rotary press could print both sides of a page at once

1884 – Linotype Machine – could create a line of type instead of each letter by itself

Newspapers became much cheaper to produce

Child Labor

Many children were also hired to work in factories and mines

Their “little hands” were necessary to get into some of the parts of machines

In the mines, they would be used to haul out coal in small tunnels

QUESTION

Since newspapers became cheaper to produce, what things do you think happened?

Cost of newspapers…?

Number of newspapers….?