Industrial Boilers Final

8/8/2019 Industrial Boilers Final

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Seminar on:Seminar on:

Industrial BoilersIndustrial Boilers

Submitted by :Submitted by :

Brajesh PanigrahiBrajesh PanigrahiRegn.no :0501227390Regn.no :0501227390

Mechanical Engg AMechanical Engg A


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Industrial BoilersIndustrial Boilers

Steam generatorsSteam generators

Closed vesselsClosed vessels

made of steel andmade of steel and

used for generation of steamused for generation of steam

vaporizing watervaporizing water

combustion of fuelscombustion of fuels

e.g. coal,coke,oil,wood,saw dust and begesse etc.e.g. coal,coke,oil,wood,saw dust and begesse etc.

Steam used for producing power,for industrialSteam used for producing power,for industrialprocess work or for heating proposes.process work or for heating proposes.


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Requirements of a Perfect SteamRequirements of a Perfect Steam

BoilersBoilers

Should be absolutely reliable,capable of producing maximumShould be absolutely reliable,capable of producing maximumsteam at required pressure for minimum of fuel consumption,withsteam at required pressure for minimum of fuel consumption,withminimum attention and minimum initial cost and operating cost.minimum attention and minimum initial cost and operating cost.

Simple constructionsSimple constructions Quick starting from coldQuick starting from cold

Strong enough against temp. stress & strainsStrong enough against temp. stress & strains

Well design combustion chamberWell design combustion chamber

Less floor area, space & light weightLess floor area, space & light weight

Best gauges,safety valves and other mountingsBest gauges,safety valves and other mountings Easily accessible for inspection,cleaning and repairsEasily accessible for inspection,cleaning and repairs


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Classification of Steam BoilersClassification of Steam Boilers

Vertical or HorizontalVertical or Horizontal

Stationary(Power plant,industrial,central heating and combined power andStationary(Power plant,industrial,central heating and combined power andheating boilers.),Portable,Locomotive or Marineheating boilers.),Portable,Locomotive or Marine

Internally Fired or Externally Fired (Lancashire and Locomotive Boilers)Internally Fired or Externally Fired (Lancashire and Locomotive Boilers)

Solid,Liquid or Gas FiredSolid,Liquid or Gas Fired

Fire(Smoke)Tube:Water is outside the tubes while the hot gases are insideFire(Smoke)Tube:Water is outside the tubes while the hot gases are inside

the tubes eg.Vertical,Cochran,Lancashire,Cornish,Locomotives,etc) orthe tubes eg.Vertical,Cochran,Lancashire,Cornish,Locomotives,etc) orWater Tube: Contain a large number of small tubes through which waterWater Tube: Contain a large number of small tubes through which watercirculates,the fire and hot gases being outside of the tubes.eg.Babcockcirculates,the fire and hot gases being outside of the tubes.eg.Babcockand Wilcox, Stirling and High pressure Boilers etc.)and Wilcox, Stirling and High pressure Boilers etc.)


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Vertical BoilersVertical Boilers

Used in small factories,small water supplyUsed in small factories,small water supply

plants,cranes,excavators,winch engines inplants,cranes,excavators,winch engines inmines and on sites of temporary naturemines and on sites of temporary naturesuch as construction work etc.such as construction work etc.

Required minimum floor space,notRequired minimum floor space,notrequired elaborate foundations,and isrequired elaborate foundations,and isportable.portable.

Cheap,easy to start but inefficient due toCheap,easy to start but inefficient due tolarge wastage of fuel and less heatinglarge wastage of fuel and less heatingsurface.surface.

Vertical Boilers are:Simple(having one toVertical Boilers are:Simple(having one tothree cross tubes), fire tubes and waterthree cross tubes), fire tubes and watertubes types.tubes types.

Simple Cross tube vertical boilerSimple Cross tube vertical boiler

consists of a cylindrical shell surrounding aconsists of a cylindrical shell surrounding acylindrical fire box.cylindrical fire box.

heating surface is about 8heating surface is about 8--10 times the10 times thegrate area.grate area.

50% efficiency50% efficiency


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Cochran BoilerCochran Boiler

It is well design of a VerticalIt is well design of a Verticalmultitubularmultitubular

fire tube boilerfire tube boiler

Improvement over the simpleImprovement over the simpleverticalvertical

boiler as it provides greaterboiler as it provides greaterheating surface.heating surface.

Total heating surface area isTotal heating surface area isabout 10about 10--2525

times the grate area Efficiencytimes the grate area Efficiency7070--75%75%

Ranges from 1m dia.X2mRanges from 1m dia.X2mhigh,evaporationhigh,evaporation

20kg/hr to 3m diameter X6m20kg/hr to 3m diameter X6mhigh, evaporationhigh, evaporation

3000kg/hr3000kg/hr..


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Lancashire BoilerLancashire Boiler

Is horizontal smoke tube boilerIs horizontal smoke tube boilersize rangesize range

from a shell 2m diaX6m long to 3mfrom a shell 2m diaX6m long to 3mdiaX10m longdiaX10m long

Working pressure range are up toWorking pressure range are up to

20kgf/cm220kgf/cm2 Ratio of heating surface to grateRatio of heating surface to grate

area is 24area is 24--3030

Efficiency is about 56% withoutEfficiency is about 56% withouteconomizereconomizer

and 75% with economizer.and 75% with economizer.

Similar to Cornish boiler,inSimilar to Cornish boiler,inLancashire BoilerLancashire Boiler

two flue tubes but in Cornish boilertwo flue tubes but in Cornish boileronly oneonly one

flue tubes are there.flue tubes are there.


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Locomotive BoilerLocomotive Boiler

Is an internally fired multitubular fire tube boilerIs an internally fired multitubular fire tube boiler


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Babcock and Wilcox water tube BoilerBabcock and Wilcox water tube Boiler

Water tube boiler having lager pressure ranges and larger sizes.Water tube boiler having lager pressure ranges and larger sizes.

Three main parts, steam and water drum,water tubes andThree main parts, steam and water drum,water tubes andfurnace.furnace.


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Stirling BoilerStirling Boiler

Example of water tube boiler where bent tube are used instead ofExample of water tube boiler where bent tube are used instead ofstraight tube which are used in Babcock and Wilcox boilerstraight tube which are used in Babcock and Wilcox boiler


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High Pressure BoilersHigh Pressure Boilers

Two typesTwo types-- Natural circulationNatural circulation& Forced circulation Boilers& Forced circulation Boilers


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Velox boilerVelox boiler

Fire tube forced circulation BoilerFire tube forced circulation Boiler


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Fire tube Vs water tube BoilersFire tube Vs water tube Boilers

Fire tubes boilers has a large volume of water,therefore moreFire tubes boilers has a large volume of water,therefore more

flexible and can meet the sudden demand of steam without muchflexible and can meet the sudden demand of steam without muchdrop of pressure.drop of pressure.

Fire tubes boiler is rigid and of simple mechanical construction,soFire tubes boiler is rigid and of simple mechanical construction,sogreater reliability and low in first cost.greater reliability and low in first cost.

Fire tube boilers can be made in smallest sizes therefore simple toFire tube boilers can be made in smallest sizes therefore simple tofabricate and transport, occupies less floor space but more height.fabricate and transport, occupies less floor space but more height.

Due to mostly externally fired water tubes boiler so furnace canDue to mostly externally fired water tubes boiler so furnace canbe altered considerably to meet the fuel requirements.be altered considerably to meet the fuel requirements.

Water tubes boilers are more readily accessible forWater tubes boilers are more readily accessible forcleaning,inspection and repairs,compared to the fire tube boilers.cleaning,inspection and repairs,compared to the fire tube boilers.

Modern trend is in the favors of water tube boiler due toModern trend is in the favors of water tube boiler due tocontinuous increase in capacities and steam pressures.continuous increase in capacities and steam pressures.


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Boiler Mountings and AccessoriesBoiler Mountings and Accessories

Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety and control areFitting and devices which are necessary for the safety and control areknown as boiler mountingsknown as boiler mountings

Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the efficiency of theFitting or devices which are provided to increase the efficiency of theboiler and help in the smooth working of the plant are knows as boilerboiler and help in the smooth working of the plant are knows as boileraccessories.accessories.

MOUNTINGS( from the safety point of view) are as follows,MOUNTINGS( from the safety point of view) are as follows, Water level indicatorsWater level indicators Safety valvesSafety valves

Combined high steam and low water safety valveCombined high steam and low water safety valve Fusible plugFusible plug ACCESSSORIES(from the control point of view) are as follows,ACCESSSORIES(from the control point of view) are as follows, Pressure gaugePressure gauge Junction or stop valveJunction or stop valve Feed check valveFeed check valve BlowBlow--off cockoff cock

Man hole and Mud BoxMan hole and Mud Box The important accessories areThe important accessories are SuperheaterSuperheater EconomiserEconomiser AirAir--preheaterpreheater Feed pump or injectorFeed pump or injector


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Industrial Boilers Final