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INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
Submitted By:- Mitali Choudhary
B-Tech , VII Sem.
Electronics And Communication
AUTOMATION
Making products under the control of computers and programmable controllers is known as “INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION”.
Manufacturing assembly lines as well as stand alone machine tools (CNC machines) and robotic devices fall under this category.
Automation is delegation of human control
functions to technical equipments for increasing
productivity, better quality, increasing safety in
working conditions reducing manpower and cost
Different Components Used In Automation:-
Sensors for sensing the input parameters
Transmitters for transmitting the raw signal in electrical form
Control system which include PLC,DCS and PID controllers
Output devices such as actuators, drives, control valves, solenoid valves, coils, indicating lamps.
Different Control Systems Used In Automation:-
PID controller based controller system
PLC based control system
DCS based control system
PC based automation system
INTRODUCTION:-
A PLC is a solid state/computerized industrial computer that performs discrete or sequential logic in a factory environment.
It was originally developed to replace mechanical relays, timers, counters and other such devices.
ARCHITECTURE OF A PLC:-
A typical PLC can be divided into four components:
Processor Unit Power Supply Input / Output Section The Programmable Device
1)Input Discrete –On / Off TypePushbuttons
Switches
Limit Switches
Selector Switches
Proximity Sensors
Photo-electric Sensors
2)Input Devices-Analog
Resistance Temperature Detectors
Thermocouple
Input Module
The input module performs task electronically as:
Determines the presence or absence of input
Converts input signal to a DC level useable PLC
Provides electronic isolation between input signal and PLC
OUTPUTS:- PLC output devices can usually be:
Solenoids
Relays-AC or DC powered
Contactors
Motor-Stators
Indication Lights
Valves
Alarms
PROCESSOR,CONTROLLER OR C.P.U. :-
Stores the control program and data in its memory.
Reads the status of connected input devices.
Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
Executes the control program.
Commands connected to output to change state based on program execution.
WORKING OF PROCESSOR:-For any execution of program, processor has to scan the entire program. Scan cycle consists of-
1) Input Scan: Detects the state of all input devices that are connected to the PLC.
2) Program Scan: Executes the user created program logic.
3) Output Scan: Energizes or de-energizes all output devices that are connected to the PLC.
4) Housekeeping: This includes communications with programming terminals, internal diagnostics etc.
APPLICATIONS OF PLC
PLC’s are used successfully to execute complicated control operations in a plant.
Its purpose is to monitor crucial process parameters and adjust process operations accordingly.
A sequence of instructions is programmed by the user to the PLC memory and when the program is executed ,the controller operates a system to the correct operating specifications.
In Brief:-
It is used for any application in industry that requires electrical control.
Packing – Bottling and Canning
Material Handling – Machining
Power Generation – HVAC / building
automation
Security Systems – Automated Assembly
Paint Lines _ Water Treatment
It could be used in various industries like:-
Cement Industry
Automation Industry
Chemicals Industry
Plastics Industry
Metals Industry
Paper Industry
Various Brands Of PLC:-
Allen Bradley USA
Siemens Germany
Modicon France
Mitshubishi Japan
GE Fanuc USA
Omron Japan
Advantages Of PLC:-PLC Saves - By
Material Cost : Reduced wiring and associated
Installation : Less SpaceTroubleshooting : No moving parts-
ruggedLabour Cost : Possibility of
reprogramming