INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY(IRSA)

“Inter Provincial Water Distribution and the Need for Reservoirs”

Rao Irshad Ali KhanMember IRSA PunjabDecember 19, 2014

Presentation to LEAD Pakistan’s F-7 Markaz, Islamabad

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3

WATER SCENARIO, 1947 - 19601. At Independence, river inflow in Pakistan was 167 MAF (Western

Rivers : Indus, Jhelum & Chenab + Eastern Rivers :Ravi, Sutlej & Beas)

2. Total irrigated land in Pakistan was 26 million acres against potential irrigable land of 77.1 million acres.

3. In 1947, partition/territorial division took place. All upstream control structures on Ravi, Beas and Sutlej fell in Indian Territory. Pakistan became a lower riparian.

4. In 1948, water flowing to Pakistan from Eastern rivers was stopped.

5. Twelve years of dispute settlement under the aegis of World Bank.

6. Initial effort was for co-operative use. Ultimately division of waters

7. For Pakistan: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. For India: Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Transfer of Water from Western to Eastern rivers was necessitated.

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The Water Agreements

Indus Waters Treaty 1960

Water Apportionment Accord 1991

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Inter-provincial Water Dispute

The Inter-provincial dispute on Water Distribution was initiated during the construction of two mega Irrigation Projects i.e.

Sutlej Valley Canal Project 1932Sukkur Barrage 1935

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Committees / commissions

1937 Anderson Committee

1945 Rau Commission

1968 Akhtar Hussain Committee

1970 Fazal-e-Akbar Committee

1976 Indus Waters Commission (Anwar-ul-Haq Commission)

1983 Haleem Commission

1991 Water Accord

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Irrigation Network of Pakistan

Major Storage Reservoirs (No.) = 3 Storage Capacity (MAF) = 14.2 Barrages (No.) = 19 Inter-River Link Canals (No.) = 12 Canal Commands (No.) = 52 Total length of Irrigation Canals = 38,000 Miles

Canal withdrawals capacity =

290,000 Cs Watercourses (No.) = 107,000

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Indus Basin Water Requirements

Province Main Canal Systems (No.)

Command Area(M. Acres)

Punjab 25 21.0

Sindh 15 12.8

KPK 10 0.73

Balochistan 2 0.97

Total 52 35.50

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9

Rim Stations:Indus @ TarbelaKabul @ NowsheraJhelum @ ManglaChenab @ Marala

Tarbela

ManglaKabul

Indus

Jhelum

Chenab

Ravi Sutlej

ChashmaC-J

T-P

Sindh Barrages

Legend

Punjab Barrages

Balochistan Canals

KPK CRBC

Reservoirs

Major Rivers

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Water Account Post Tarbela Average (1976.77 to 2013.14)

(MAF)

Western River 138.12

Eastern River 6.61

Total Western & Eastern River 144.73

Provincial Utilization 96.91

System Losses -17.93

* D/S Kotri 29.89

* Required D/S Kotri 8.6 MAF

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Western & Eastern River Post Tarbela (1976.77 to 2013.14) (MAF)

RiversIndus @

KalabaghJhelum @

ManglaChenab @

MaralaEastern Rivers

Total

Maximum 112.18 32.00 32.69 19.98 183.45

Minimum 66.81 11.85 17.85 0.30 99.05

Average 89.87 22.47 25.78 6.61 144.73

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Comparison of Para 14 (b) vs Para 2 (MAF)

Province Para 14 (b) % Para 2 %Difference (4-2)

% Increase

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Punjab 54.51 53.1 55.94 48.9 1.43 12

Sindh 43.53 42.4 48.76 42.6 5.23 45

Balochistan 1.63 1.6 3.87 3.4 2.24 19

KPK 3.06 3.0 5.78 5.1 2.72 24

Total 102.73 100 114.35 100 11.62 100

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Comparison of Para 14 (b), 2 & 4 (Percentages)

Province Para 14 (b) Para 2 Para 4

1 2 3 4

Punjab 53.1 48.9 37

Sindh 42.4 42.6 37

Balochistan 1.6 3.4 12

KPK 3.0 5.1 14

Total 100.0 100.0 100

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14

Present Distribution Mechanism of IRSA(THREE TIER FORMULA SINCE 2003)

Scenario I–Water Availability < Actual Average System Uses 77-82–Distributed as per 14 (b) of the WAA 1991

Scenario II–Water Availability > Actual Average System Uses 77-82 but < Para 2 of WAA 1991–Actual Average System Uses are protected–Balance available as per Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI

Scenario III–Water Availability > Para 2 of WAA 1991–Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI are protected–Balance as per Para 4 of the WAA 1991

Note: KPK & Balochistan are exempted from shortages

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Para 6

The need for storages, wherever feasible on the Indus and other rivers was admitted and recognised by the participants for planned future agricultural development.

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Reservoir SedimentationReservoir Designed Present Sedimentation

TarbelaLevel 1550.00 1550.00 MAF %

Live Storage

9.68 6.45 -3.23 -33

ManglaLevel 1202.00 1202.00

Live Storage

5.34 4.50 -0.84 -16

ChashmaLevel 649.00 649.00

Live Storage

0.72 0.28 -0.44 -61

Total Storage 15.74 11.23 -4.51 -29%

Mangla Raising

2013

Live Storage

1242.00 2.90

1242.00 2.90 0.0 0.0

Total 18.64 14.13 -4.51 -24

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Sr. # River BasinAverage Annual

flow (MAF)No. of Dams

Storage Capacity

(MAF)

% age Storage

1 Colorado 12 3 59.62 497

2 Nile 47 1 132 281

3Sutlej BiasIndia (Total)

32750

54,636

11.32245

3533

4 Yellow River 345 7 68.95 20

5 Columbia 179 3 34 19

6Indus & others Rivers

145 3 14.20 10

7 World 20,000 - 8,000 40

AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW AND STORAGE CAPACITY OF DAMS OF SOME MAJOR RIVER BASINS

Source: Wapda

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Provincial Allocationswith Additional Storage

(MAF)

ProvincePre

Mangla 1960-66

Pre Tarbela 1967-76

Post Tarbela 1977-82

Post Kalabagh

Post Bhasha &

Akhori

Punjab 48.35 49.86 54.51 55.94 61.49

Sindh *36.12 40.67 43.53 48.76 54.31

**KPK 1.67 2.43 3.06 5.78 7.88

Balochistan - 0.49 1.63 3.87 5.67

Total 86.14 93.45 102.73 114.35 129.35

* Includes Balochistan ** Excluding Un-gauged Civil Canals

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Recommended Escapage below Kotri

KharifApr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Total

Cfs 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

MAF >=0.3 >=0.3 >=0.3 >=0.3 >=0.3 >=0.3 1.8 +**)

Rabi *)Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Total

cfs 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

MAF 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.8

Annual 3.6 +**)

*)In a dry year the amount can be proportionally reduced in relation to the reductions in irrigation water supply

**)

A total volume of 25 MAF in any 5 years period (an annual equivalent of 5 MAF) to be released in a concentrated way as flood flow (Kharif period), to be adjusted according to the ruling storage in the reservoirs and the volume discharged in the four previous years.

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1. 22 MAF being wasted D/S Kotri

2. Escapages D/S Kotri

3. Operation of Link Canals

4. Mangla Reservoir Filling

5. KPK’s objection on construction of

Kalabagh Dam

a) Nowshera will be drowned

b) Swabi will be water logged

S.N: 19ISSUES

APR 1 2 3

MAY 1 2 3

JUN 1 2 3

JUL

1 2 3

AUG 1 2 3

SEP 1 2 30.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

220.0

240.0

260.0

280.0

Rim Station InflowsPost TBD Average (1976 to 2013)

Tarbela Kabul Mangla Marala

Month

(* 1

00

0 c

s)

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23

DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH

910

930

950

970

990

1010

150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80

SWABI

CHARSADDA

PABBINOWSHERA

MARDAN

RESERVOIR RETENATION EL. 915

DISTANCE U/S DAM SITE IN MILES

LEVE

L IN

FEE

T

955 960

940

970

1000

958

HISARA DRAIN

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