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Inductive analysis of
learning design patterns
Presentation for Current research on IMS
Learning Design, Unfold/Prolearn
Workshop, 22-23 September 2005Francis Brouns, Open Universiteit Nederland
Why learning design patterns?
Assist authors in developing effective courses. Patterns are proven solutions to recurring
problems.
Can we use IMS LD to express patterns? Can an inductive approach be applied to detect
patterns in existing courses?
IMS Learning Design and patterns
IMS LD to express patterns How do we find them? Deductive approach versus inductive approach IMS LD provides mechanism to automate pattern
detection: machine-readable code How do we apply them? Repository: descriptions, LD files, templates,
instructions
Pedagogical patterns
Patterns are abstractions of proven solutions to recurrent problems.
Pedagogical patterns applied to education Writer’s workshop
Examples
E-LEN Lifelong learning patterns Pedagogical patterns project
Deductive approach
Patterns are described in certain format. Based on author experience and knowledge. Can remain abstract.
Inductive approach
Based on existing courses. Thereby (often) proven to be effective. Automated method Assumes learning designs coded in machine-
interpretable way IMS LD > 34 LD coded courses
How to detect patterns in existing courses?
Automated methods Latent semantic analysis and indexing LSA/LSI
similarity of concepts clustering, classification Infomap
Educational Text Selection
XML techniques find change in XML tree compare XML trees transform XML tree
Patterns in IMS LD
Learning design processes laid down in method Play, act, role-part For small courses the method can be pattern. Smallest re-usable part is act.
What is greatness?
What is greatness – partial; http://hdl.handle.net/1820/313
Based on parts of the “What is greatness?” use-case created by James Dalziel of Macquarie University’s E-learning Centre of Excellence
Play as pattern.
Introduction
Enter initial thoughts
Respond to others
Monitor the initial thoughts
Respond to the initial thoughts
Learner Tutor
1-*
Modulelearning-objectivesauthorsstudyhourscopyright
Competenceinformationlearning-objectivesselection
assessment
Environmentcourse infomodule infocommunicationlearning objectswho is whodossier
Patterns in competence based modules
1-*
learning-activitypractice, study
Variation on pattern
learning-activity 19 25 54
support-activity 18 12 14
activity-selection 21 8 17
environment 11 47 11
conditions 10 2 8
Steps to identify patterns
Categorise units of learning on the basis of learning objectives – LSA.
Find patterns in method – XML comparison. Resolve references to activities, environments,
roles – XML transformation. Refine
type activities, environments, roles: titles, content – LSA
add conditions – XML; regular expressions
How to use?
Create templates based on patterns, consisting of IMS LD coded learning design instruction example
Add data on usage, efficiency and effectiveness