Indonesian Renewable Energy Society1 Distributed Small Scale Power Plant (DSSPP) in Indonesia By : Ir. Djuwarno, MM Chairman INDONESIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY

Indonesian Renewable Energy Society 1

Distributed Small Scale Power PlantDistributed Small Scale Power Plant(DSSPP) in Indonesia(DSSPP) in Indonesia

By :

Ir. Djuwarno, MM

Chairman

INDONESIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOCIATY (IRES)

Jl. Duren Tiga No. 101 – Pancoran – Jakarta 12760

Ph. 62-21-79198581, Fax. 62-21-79198581

E-mail : [email protected]


Government’s Policy on Renewable EnergyGovernment’s Policy on Renewable Energy

• Electricity Law No. 20/2002 states that Renewable Energy is the first priority for providing electricity in the country.

• Utilization of Renewable Energy will be part of Government’s policy in promoting “Green Energy Program” under the proposed “Energy Law”.


Indonesian Territory MapIndonesian Territory Map


PLN’s Installed CapacityPLN’s Installed Capacity

6864 MWCombined Cycle,

32.2%

1225 MWGas Turbine, 5.8% 2585 MW

Diesel, 12.1%

3106 MWHydro, 14.6%

6770 MWSteam, 31.8%

749.5 MWGeothermal, 3.5%

Total Capacity : 20,930 MW


Electricity Supply - Demand ForecastElectricity Supply - Demand ForecastDescription 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Java Bali

Energy Sales (TWh) 69.12 74.82 81.74 89.27 97.47 106.22

Growth Rate (%) 11.5 6.5 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.2

Peak Demand (MW) 13.326 14.174 14.862 15.844 16.965 18.168

No. of Customers (Mio) 20.12 20.78 21.74 22.80 23.95 25.16

Outer Islands

Energy Sales (TWh) 16.41 17.63 19.39 21.41 23.72 26.28

Growth Rate (%) 7.3 7.4 10.0 10.4 10.8 10.8

Peak Demand (MW) 3.85 4.12 4.52 4.98 5.50 6.07

No. of Customers (Mio) 9.48 9.95 10.69 11.50 12.38 13.32


Energy Sources Potential (MW)Installed

(MW)

Expected Invest.

US$/kW

Expected Energy Cost

US$/kWh

Hydro (Big scale) 75,674 3,106 2,000 – 3,000 -

Mini & Micro Hydro 230,913 32 & 22 1,000 – 2,900 0.025 – 0.069

Geothermal 19,658 749.5 910 – 1,500 0.03 – 0.05

Biomass 49.807 177.8 1,200 – 1,500 Vary

Solar4-6.5

kWh/m2/day 5 9,000 – 15,000 1 – 2

Win 3-6 m/sec 0.5 1,000 – 1,500 0.05 – 0.06

Indonesian’s Renewable Energy PotentialIndonesian’s Renewable Energy Potential

Utilization of Renewable Energy could significantly reduce oil consumption in the country, that is expected to diminution.


Potential of Mini and Micro Hydro in Potential of Mini and Micro Hydro in Major IslandsMajor Islands

Location Expected Potential Capacity (kW)

SUMATRA 39,954

KALIMANTAN 8,987

SULAWESI 141,824

MALUKU 2,941

NUSA TENGGARA 24,274

IRIAN/PAPUA 12,933

TOTAL 230,913


Potential & Status – Hydro Potential & Status – Hydro

• Indonesia’s total potential of hydro plant is about 75 GW. Potential in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Other Islands is 4.2 GW, 15.6 GW, 21.6 GW, and 33,6 GW respectively.

• Currently, total installed capacity of hydro plant is just about 6% of its total potential.

• By 1997 about 32 MW Mini Hydro and 22 MW Micro Hydro had been installed (less than 0.1% of its total potential)


Potential & Status – GeothermalPotential & Status – Geothermal

• Mostly located in Java, Sumatra, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi and Maluku.

• Total identified potential of 70 fields is about 19.658 MW.

• Total Installed capacity, currently is 749,5 MW, mostly they are interconnected into PLN’s network system at 55 MW sizes.


Distribution of Geothermal Prospect in Indonesia


Potential & Status – BiomassPotential & Status – Biomass

• Total potential is 48,807.3 MW.• Mostly for electricity generation utilizing

farming/plantation waste (rice Husk skin, coconut shell, empty palm oil bunch, bagasse), woods, garbage, etc

• Total potential in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, and others Islands is 1800 MW, 500 MW, 800 MW, 380 MW and 120 MW, respectively.

• Total installed capacity, currently is 177,98 MW.


• Most area in Sulawesi, Bali and Irian Jaya has a high heat radiation of 6 – 6.5 kWh/m2/day.

• Mountain area in Irian Jaya, Sulawesi Java, has an average heat radiation of 4.5 – 5.5 kWh/m2/day.

• Low terrain area in Kalimantan, Java, and Sumatera, has an average heat radiation of 4 – 5 kWh/m2/day.

• Total installed capacity is about 5 MW, mostly used for households.

Potential & Status – SolarPotential & Status – Solar


Potential & Status – WindPotential & Status – Wind

• Most of equatorial area is likely to have less wind• Total potential is 448 MW.• Total current installed capacity is 0,5 MW, mostly

used for electricity, pumping, refrigeration and batteraycharging.

• Most potential area such as Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi have potential of wind energy at about 10 – 100 kW sizes.


Benefits of Developing DSSPPBenefits of Developing DSSPP

• Create a better social life to local community surrounding the Project (Better Irrigation for Farming, Fishery, etc).

• Gives more sustainable electricity supply in the long run.

• Give mutual benefit to local community, local government as well as investors.


Community Based Development Community Based Development

• Benefits of Developing DSSPP under Community Based Development Concept :– Give mutual benefit to local community,

investor and government.– More Oriented to encourage participation of

local community.


Business Scheme – On GirdBusiness Scheme – On Gird

Interconnected to Low Voltage System

DSSPP~Interconnected to Medium Voltage System

DSSPP

~

Medium Voltage Customer

Low Voltage Customer

Low Voltage Transmission Lines

Medium Voltage Transmission Lines


Business Scheme – Off GridBusiness Scheme – Off Grid

GENERATION CONSUMPTION

• DSSPP generates and transmits electricity directly to consumers.


Electricity Tariff for DSSPP < 1.0 MWElectricity Tariff for DSSPP < 1.0 MW

Interconnection to Tariff

•Medium Voltage Transmission System

• 0.8 x PLN’s Medium Voltage Production Cost

•Low Voltage Distribution System

• 0.6 x PLN’s Low Voltage Production Cost


Community Based Development Community Based Development

InvestorLocal

Government

Local Community Others :

-NGO

-University

•Facilitator

•Permits

•Land

•Project Sponsor

•Financing

•Built Power Plant

•User

•Operator

•Worker during Erection Activity

•Promoting utilization of DSSPP


Next 5 Years DSSPP Project PlanningNext 5 Years DSSPP Project PlanningFor Mini/Micro Hydro Plant For Mini/Micro Hydro Plant

• Financed by ADB Loan (PLN’s Project) :– Tatui MH – 1,100 kW – Serui – Papua– Amai MH -1,100 kW – Jayapura – Papua– Prafi MH – 1,000 kW – Manokwari – Papua– Lobong MH – 1,300 kW – Kotamobagu – East Kalimantan– Mongango MH – 1,700 kW – Gorontalo – North Sulawesi.

• Developed by IPP :– Kalumpang MH – 1,700 kW – Luwuk – North Sulawesi– Hanga-hanga MH – 2 x 1,700 kW – Luwuk – North Sulawesi– Mangani MH – 1,200 kW – West Sumatra– Cileunca (3 x 300 kW) and Ketenger 4 (600 kW) – West Java


Identified Constrain in Developing DSSPPIdentified Constrain in Developing DSSPP

• Mostly located in an isolated area :– Limited access road

– Limited infrastructure.

– Limited well educated people to operate power plant.

– Mostly for Households having limited purchasing power.

• After economic crisis, Government have very limited financing to support development of DSSPP. It is very welcome to private company to participate in developing DSSPP.


THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Documents

Indonesian Renewable Energy Society1 Distributed Small Scale Power Plant (DSSPP) in Indonesia By : Ir. Djuwarno, MM Chairman INDONESIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY