pelajaran bahasa indonesia Indonesian Lesson

2

LESSON 1: SOUNDS

Listening Pronunciation Indonesian is a phonetic language. What you hear is what you write and you pronounce words the way they are written. The best way to learn the language correctly is to ask a native speaker to read the words to you. However, since there are many dialects in Indonesian, some Indonesian may have strong accents. A. VOWELS

(a) in open syllables this vowel sounds more like ‘a’ in army, bar e.g. : mana - which, where takut - afraid

apa - what karena - because

(u) is pronounced like the ‘oo’ in ‘foot’. e.g. : buku - book rumah - house

surat - letter musim - season (i) is pronounced as ‘ea’ in ‘easy’ or ‘ee’ in ‘feet’

e.g. : bisa – can hari – day bibi – aunt tiga – three

In closed syllablesthe sound is shorter, like ‘I’ in ‘fish’ e.g. : habis – finished air – water

bukit – hill

(e) when unstressed is pronounced as ‘e’ in ‘timber’ and ‘open’ e.g. : belajar – study jelas - clear

teman – friend kelas – class

When stressed it sounds like ‘a’ in ‘take’ e.g. : meja – table hore – hurray

sore – evening

Occasionally ‘e’ is also pronounced like ‘a’ in ‘take’ or ‘e’ in ‘cent’ e.g. : ember – bucket repot - busy

merah – red sewa – rent

There are many exceptions to the rules. The only way to master the pronunciation is to listen to people speaking and to radio and TV broadcast.

(o) is pronounced like the ‘o’ in long

e.g. : tolong – to help roti – bread potong - to cut bosan – bored

3

B. DIPHTONGS

(ai) this diphtong does not appear in closed syllables and sound like the ‘y’ in supply e.g. : pakai – to wear, to use ramai – crowded

In closed syllables, however, it is pronounced as two separate sounds ‘a-i’ e.g. : lain – other baik – good

main – play (au) has the same sound as ‘ow’ in ‘cow’

e.g. : pulau - island pisau – knife In the words ‘mau’ (to want) and haus (thirsty) [au] is pronounced as two syllables

C. CONSONANTS Most Indonesian consonants are pronounced the same way as English consonants.

(c) is pronounced like the ‘ch’ in ‘chicken’ which pronounced lightly e.g. : cuci – wash kaca – glass

bocor – leak cuka – vinegar

(f) is pronounced like the ‘f’ in ‘fat’ e.g. : foto – fat fungsi – function

(g) is always pronounced as ‘ g’ in ‘cigar’

e.g. : gelas – (drinking) glass guru – teacher pergi – go segar – fresh

(j) corresponds to the ‘j’ in ‘ jack’

e.g. : jam – clock Jawa – Java baju – dress jari – finger

(k) is pronounced like the ‘k’ in ‘kid’

e.g. : kaki – feet kunci – key kami – we pukul – to hit

At the end of a word ‘k’ is hardly audible, like a glottal stop e.g. : tidak – no banyak – a lot of baik – fine anak – child

Some ‘k’s at the end of the word, is pronounced lightly as ‘k’ or ‘g’ e.g. : sendok – spoon besok – tomorrow gubuk – hut

4

(ng) sounds like ‘ng’ in singing’. It may occur at the beginning, middle, or end of

a syllable e.g. : tingkat – level datang – to come menangis – cry dengar – to hear (ngg) sounds like the ‘ng’ in ‘finger’ e.g. : tinggal – to stay, to live tunggu – wait menggambar – to draw mengganggu – to disturb (ny) it occurs very frequently and sounds like the ‘ny’ in ‘canyon’ e.g. : namanya – his name bertanya – to ask menyanyi – to sing Nyonya – lady, Mrs. (s) like the ‘s’ in the kiss

e.g. : sendok – spoon surat – letter saya – I, my, mine supir – driver

(sy) occurs in loanwords of Arabic origin and sounds like the ‘sh’ in ‘push’ and

‘shrimp’ e.g. : syukur – blessing masyarakat – community syarat – condition (v) occurs in words of Western origin and is pronounced like ‘f’ in ‘feet’

e.g. : investasi – investment revolusi – revolution visa – visa

(y) is pronounced like ‘ y’ in ‘yard’ e.g. : layar – sail sayur – vegetables saya – I

(z) is found in loanwords of Arabic origin, however, often changed into (j) sound e.g. : zaman/jaman – era, period izin/ijin – permit

These are several consonants in Indonesian that are not common in English:

1. (kh) occurs in loanwords, mostly from Arabic origin e.g. : khusus – special akhir – end khayal – vision khianat – betrayal

2. (r) is audible and rolled e.g. : baru – new roda – wheel pintar – smart rumah – house

5

LESSON 2: Greetings

Listening A. Every ‘good’ as ‘good morning’ starts with the word ‘selamat’

Selamat siang…………………………………... Good afternoon Selamat sore……………………………………. Good evening Selamat pagi……………………………………. Good morning Selamat malam…………………………………. Good night Before 11.00 am 11.00 am – 04.00 pm

Selamat pagi Selamat siang 04.00 – 06.00 pm After 06.00 pm

Selamat sore Selamat malam

B. Other uses of ‘Selamat’, is to greet someone

Selamat datang……………………………..Welcome Selamat makan……………………………..Have a good meal Selamat bekerja…………………………….Enjoy your work

C. The other form of greeting Selamat jalan or just ‘Selamat’……………Good bye (to someone who is leaving) Sampai bertemu/jumpa lagi……………….See you again Sampai besok………………………………See you tomorrow

6

Dialogue Charlie : Selamat sore, Tuti - Good afternoon, Tuti. Tuti : Selamat sore - Good afternoon, Charlie. Apa kabar? How are you? Charlie : Kabar baik. - I’m just fine. Anda bagaimana? What about you? Tuti : Baik – baik saja. Terima kasih - Just fine. Thank you. Charlie : Kenalkan, ini teman saya, Bill - Let me introduce my friend, Bill. Tuti : Halo, saya Tuti - Hello, I’m Tuti. Essential words and expressions: Apa?……………………………………………... What? Apa kabar?……………………………………… How are you? Bagaimana?…………………………………….. How/what about? Baik. ……………………………………………... Good Baik-baik saja…………………………………… Just fine Kenalkan………………………………………… Introduce Terima kasih……………………………………. Thank you

Please answer these questions in Bahasa Indonesia: 1. What did Charlie greet Tuti? 2. What did Tuti answer when Charlie said “Anda bagaimana?”? 3. How does Charlie introduce his friend to Tuti?

Exercises: 1. Translate these sentences into Indonesian:

a. Good morning, John c. Good evening, Paul b. Good afternoon, Tom d. Good night, Nani

2. Fill in the correct greeting for each situation.

Contoh: Mr. Jamaluddin, at 9.00 am Selamat pagi, Pak Good morning, sir

a. Nani from school, at 12.00 pm c. Ira, at 4.00 pm b. Paul, at 10.00 am d. John, midnight

Listening Pidato Perkenalan Introduction speech Nama saya Naoko Hoshino - My name is Naoko Hoshiro Saya dari Tokyo - I am from Tokyo Saya siswa AFS dari Jepang - I am a student from Japan Di Indonesia, saya akan tinggal di Jakarta - In Indonesia, I will stay in Jakarta

7

Nama saya Sophie Lapointe - My name is Sophie Leroy Saya tinggal di dekat Paris - I live near Paris Saya siswa AFS dari Perancis - I am an AFS student from France Saya akan tinggal di Medan - I will stay in Medan with Dengan keluarga Bapak Nasution Nasution’s family

Essential words and expressions: Nama…………………………………………….. Name Dari………………………………………………. From Akan……………………………………………... Going to/will Tinggal…………………………………………... Stay Dekat…………………………………………….. Near Dengan………………………………………….. With Keluarga………………………………………… Family Exercises: 1. Following these examples, construct an introduction in Indonesian using

the words given below.

a. John Robertson b. David Hurley Chicago, Illinois near Sydney US* Australia Yogyakarta Banjarmasin, Aminuddin family *In Indonesian: Amerika Serikat

2. Make your own introduction speech

D. Exchanging Personal Information Listening Dialogue Sarah : Siapa nama Bapak? - What is your name, sir? Sumitro : Nama saya Sumitro - My name is Sumitro Sarah : Saya Sarah Atkinson. - I am Sarah Atkinson Sumitro : Dari mana asalnya? - Where are you from? Sarah : Saya berasal dari Selandia - I am from New Zealand. Baru. Bapak darimana asalnya? Where are you from? Sumitro : Saya asalnya dari Yogyakarta. - I am from Yogyakarta. Anda tinggal dimana sekarang? Where do you stay now? Sarah : Saya tinggal di Bandung. - I stay in Bandung

8

Essential words and expressions: Siapa nama Bapak?…………………………… What is your name, Sir? Dari mana asalnya?……………………………. Where are you from? Sekarang………………………………………... Now Notes: 1. You may introduce yourself by saying “Nama saya…………” or “Saya.” 2. The answer to “Dimana tinggalnya?”………Where do you live or stay? Can

be a city, a place, a hotel, or a street address

Exercises: Pendaftaran (Registration). You are an AFS volunteer helping arriving delegates of an AFS gathering in Jakarta. Greet the following people and find out their names, where they come from and where they live or stay. Dialogue Dina : Selamat malam. Bapak siapa namanya? - Good evening. What’s your name, sir? Robert: Nama saya Corwin, Bob Corwin. - My name is Corwin. Bob Corwin. Dina : Dari mana asalnya, Pak? - Where are you from, sir? Robert: Saya dari Seattle, Amerika Serikat. - I am from Seattle, US

Exercises: a. Bapak Frude Amundson/ Oslo, Norwegia c. Ibu Yoshi/Kobe, Jepang b. Bapak Yves Gaston/Lyon Perancis d. Ibu Liza Smith/London, Inggris

E. Asking and Responding to “How are you?”

More formal QUESTIONS ANSWER Apa kabar anda? Baik-baik saja How are you? I’m fine Bagaimana kabar anda? Oo..cukup baik What’s the news? I’m okay

Informal

QUESTIONS ANSWER Apa kabarnya? Ya beginilah/begitulah How are you? So-so Bagaimana kabarnya? Saya capek sekali What’s the news? I am very tired

9

Saya sedang tidak enak badan I don’t feel well

More familiar

QUESTIONS ANSWER Gimana, Jay? Ya, biasa-biasa saja What’s up Jay? Nothing much Mau kemana? Mau ke sana/ ke situ Where are you going? Just heading that way Dari mana? Dari jalan-jalan From where? Just taking a walk

Note: 1. Whether you choose to use a formal or familiar greeting will depend on the

status of the person with whom you are speaking. 2. In general “apa kabar?” or “bagaimana kabarnya?” can be used with

anyone. Usually “apa kabar?” is used with someone we haven’t seen for days or someone who has a long journey.

3. “Dari mana?” or “mau kemana?” a frequent greeting, much like “hello”. It’s not always necessary to answer the question literally “where are you going?” (mau kemana).

Exercises: Kamu baik-baik saja? Greet the following people and ask how they are doing. Be careful to choose the right terms of address and the proper level of formality, Then have the person respond to the greeting. Contoh: Bu Hanna/6:00 pm, a little sick Rina : Selamat malam, Bu. - Good evening Maam, Bagaimana kabarnya? How do you feel? Bu Hanna : Oh, saya lagi sakit sedikit. - Oh, I don’t feel well.

a. Arie/7:00am/very well c. Yono/6:00pm/very good b. Yani/10:00am/sick d. Ira/8:00pm/very tired.

10

LESSON 3: Family and Friends

Identifying Family

Ibu & ayah Anak perempuan Anak laki-laki Kakek & nenek Mother & father Daughter Son Grandfather & grandmother Vocabulary Anak………………………………….. Child Kakak perempuan………………….. Old sister Adik perempuan…………………….. Younger sister Paman………………………………... Uncle Bibi……………………………………. Aunt Sepupu……………………………….. Cousin Keponakan laki-laki…………………. Nephew Keponakan perempuan…………….. Niece Listening Dialogue Dita : Dodi, siapa itu? - Dodi, who is she? Dodi : Oh, itu adik perempuan saya. - oh, that is m younger sister Dita : Kamu mempunyai berapa saudara? - How many brothers and sisters

do you have Dodi : Kakak laki-laki saya ada dua dan

dua adik perempuan. Kalau kamu Dit?

- I have 2 big brothers and 2 younger sisters. How about you Dit?

Dita : Adik saya ada dua, satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan

- I have one younger brother and younger sister

Exercises:

1. Answer these questions in Bahasa Indonesia. a. How many brother and sister does Dodi have? b. Does Dodi have a big sister? c. How many brother does Dita have.

2. Construct these sentences in Indonesian using the words provided. Follow the example given below and translate into English. Contoh: Adik perempuan/Yanti Anda siapa? Saya adik perempuan Yanti I am Yanti’s younger sister a. Kakak laki-laki/Dodi c. Ayah/Dita b. Sepupu/Sinta d. Paman/Dina

11

LESSON 4: NUMBERS, DAYS, MONTHS, etc

Listening

I. NUMBERS 0 – nol 11 – sebelas 20 – dua puluh 1 – satu 12 – dua belas 21 – dua puluh satu 2 – dua 13 – tiga belas 22 – dua puluh dua 3 – tiga 14 – empat belas 23 – dua puluh tiga 4 – empat 15 – lima belas 24 – dua puluh empat 5 – lima 16 – enam belas 25 – dua puluh lima 6 – enam 17 – tujuh belas 26 – dua puluh enam 7 – tujuh 18 – delapan belas 27 – dua puluh tujuh 8 – delapan 19 – sembilan belas 28 – dua puluh delapan 9 – sembilan 29 – dua puluh sembilan 10 – sepuluh 30 – tiga puluh 90 – sembilan puluh 200 – dua ratus 100 – seratus 655 – enam ratus lima puluh lima 700 – tujuh ratus 1000 – seribu 3000 – tiga ribu 10.000 – sepuluh ribu 27.750 – dua puluh tujuh ribu tujuh ratus lima puluh

Dialogue Bargaining

Lisa : Ini apa, Pak - What’s this, Sir? Bapak : Itu jeruk manis. Mau beli

berapa? - That’s sweet orange. How

many do you want to buy? Lisa : Satu kilo, Pak. Berapa

harganya? - One kg, Sir. What will that

cost? Bapak : Satu kilo dua ribu rupiah (Rp.

2000) - One kg is two thousand

Rupiahs Lisa : Wah, mahal sekali, Pak. Seribu

saja ya? - Wow, that’s expensive, Sir.

How about a thousand? Bapak : Dua ribu itu murah. Saya kasih

seribu lima ratus - Two thousand is cheap. Ok, I’ll

give it to you for one thousand five hundred

Lisa : Baiklah, ini uangnya. Seribu lima ratus rupiah

- Ok, this is the money, one thousand five hundred rupiahs

12

Answer these questions in Bahasa Indonesia: 1. What did Lisa want to buy? 2. How many kilograms did Lisa buy? 3. What did Lisa say about the price? 4. How much finally did Lisa buy? Number of Qualifiers In counting people (children, guests, drivers, etc) we use the qualifiers ‘orang’. Example:

Lima orang anak: 5 children Dua orang tamu: 2 guests

In counting animals we use the qualifiers ‘ekor’, which literally means tail. Example:

Tiga ekor anjing: 3 dogs Empat ekor ikan: 4 fishes

‘Buah’ is usually used for counting in inimate things, like chairs, schools, table, etc. Buah also means fruit i.e : buah apel – fruit apple

Dua buah kursi: 2 chairs Tujuh buah meja: 7 tables

Occasionally we use ‘se’ instead to replace ‘satu’ to shortened the word, but in some cases is not always applicable e.g. ‘satu belas’ you say ‘sebelas’, satu puluh’ you say ‘sepuluh’, ‘satu ratus’ you say ‘seratus’. However, ‘se’ and ‘satu’ if we edit to some word, may have a different meaning. Example:

Saya mempunyai satu rumah. I have a house Saya serumah dengan Rina or Saya satu rumah dengan Rina I stay together with Rina.

Exercise: Following these examples, and using the words given below. 1. Contoh: sepatu/lima

Sepatu saya ada lima pasang My shoes are 5 pairs a. jari/10 b. baju baru/3 c. pinsil/2 d. kucing/4

2. Contoh: Saya/lima ribu rupiah

Saya punya uang Rp. 5000,- I have Rp. 5000,- a. Ibu/ anak enam b. Kakak perempuan/seratus rupiah

13

3. Contoh: Rp 5000 Ini lima ribu rupiah. Ada kembalinya, Mas? Here is Rp 5000,- do you have change? a. Rp. 10.000,- b. Rp. 4.000,- c. Rp. 3.000,- d. 6.000,-

FRACTION ½ - Setengah, e.g. setengah gelas…………………………….half a glass

setengah jam………………………………half an hour 1/3 – sepertiga…….one third ¼ - seperempat………one fourth 2/3 – dua pertiga….two third ¾ - tiga perempat……three fourth C. DAYS OF THE WEEK

Senin – Monday Tono pergi belajar di perpustakaan Tono goes to study in the school library

Selasa – Tuesday Tono pergi latihan baseball Tono goes to baseball practice

Rabu – Wednesday Tono pergi ke kantor pos Tono goes to the post office

Kamis – Thursday Tono pergi belajar komputer Tono studies computer

Jum’at – Friday Sabtu – Saturday Tono pergi ke Bank Tono pergi ke pesta ulang tahun Tono goes to the Bank Tono goes to a birthday party

Minggu - Sunday Tono dan keluarganya berkumpul bersama Tono and his family get together

14

D. THE TWELVE MONTHS Agenda:

Januari – January Juli - July Adik laki-laki saya ulang tahun pada tanggal Kakak perempuan saya akan 7 Januari menikah pada bulan Juli My brother’s birthday is on the 7th of January My older sister will get married on

July Pebruari – February Agustus – August Maret – March September - September April – April Oktober – October Ayah dan ibu pergi ke Bali Kakak laki-laki saya akan diwisuda

pada tanggal 5 Oktober My parents go to Bali My older brother will be graduated

on the 5th of October Mei – May Nopember – November Juni – June Desember – December Vocabulary Jam………………………………Hour sekarang……………………….Now Hari………………………………Day besok…………………………..Tomorrow Minggu…………………………..Week bulan……………………………Month Tahun……………………………Year kemarin…………………………Yesterday Kemarin dulu……………………The day before tomorrow Lusa……………………………...The day after tomorrow

15

Listening Dialogue Asking the date Budi : Tanggal berapa hari ini? - What’s the date today? Wita : Tanggal 15 Oktober - It’s October, the fifteenth Budi : Kapan pesta itu? - When is the party? Wita : Tanggal 20 - On the twentieth Budi : Itu hari Sabtu? - Is it on Saturday? Wita : Betul - Yes, it is. Vocabulary Time Tanggal……………………………………. date Tanggal berapa…………………………... what date? Hari………………………………………… day Hari apa…………………………………… what day? Kapan ………………………………………when? Time markers Kemarin…………………………………… yesterday Besok……………………………………… tomorrow Lusa……………………………………….. the day after tomorrow Exercises: 1. Respon in Indonesian the question ‘tanggal berapa hari ini?’ using the

information given. Contoh: 6 Agustus

X: Tanggal berapa hari ini? What’s the date today?

Y: Tanggal enam Agustus It’s August the sixth

a. 13 Mei b. 2 Januari c. 17 Juni d. 4 Maret

2. Answer the following question in Indonesian; using underline word and

translate into English. Contoh : datang ke Indonesia

Tanggal berapa anda datang ke Indonesia? What date did you come to Indonesia?

a. Kembali ke Jakarta b. Pergi ke Bank c. Pulang ke negeri Anda d. Pergi ke pesta.

16

LESSON 5: TELLING TIME

Listening

Jam dua Two o’clock Dialogue Expressing intention Ibu : Kamu sudah makan Rahman? -Have you eaten yet Rahman? Rahman : Belum. - No I haven’t Ibu : Mengapa belum makan? - Why haven’t you eaten? Rahman : Belum lapar - I’m not hungry Ibu : Jam berapa kamu makan? - What time would you like to eat? Rahman : Jam Satu - One o’clock Ibu : Kamu mau pergi ke sekolah? - Are you going to school? Rahman : Ya, saya mau pergi sekarang - yes, I am going now Essential words and expressions: Makan……………………………………………... To eat Belum……………………………………………… Not yet Mandi……………………………………………… To take a bath Pergi………………………………………………. To go Tidak………………………………………………. No, not Minum……………………………………………... To drink Mau………………………………………………… Would like; to want Lapar………………………………………………. Hungry Sudah……………………………………………… Already Answer these question in Bahasa Indonesia: 1. What did Ibu asked to Rahman? 2. Why don’t Rahman want to eat? 3. What time did Rahman want to eat? 4. When will he go? Vocabulary Time Jam…………………………..clock; time; hour Berapa?................................how much?; how many? Jam berapa?............................what time? Exercises:

17

1. Substitute the underlined word with those given below and translate into English.

Saya mau pergi ke sekolah I want to go to school

a. Anda b. Mereka c. Teman d. Kakak saya e. Adik saya

2. Contoh: Saya/makan Saya sudah makan I have eaten

a. Saya/minum b. Dia/mandi c. Saya/Capai d. Kamu/pergi ke sekolah

Listening Dialogue Telling the time and taking leave Ita : Dewi, jam berapa sekarang? - Dewi, what time is it now? Dewi : Jam sembilan - It’s nine o’clock Ita : Sudah malam, nih. Kita - It’s late Dewi, we must go home pulang yuk Dewi : Ayuk - Yes Vocabulary Pulang………………………………...to go home Kembali……………………………….to return; to come back Exercises: 1. Look at the clocks, then make questions, provide the answers and translate into

English X : Jam berapa sekarang? - What time is it now? Y : Jam enam - It’s six o’clock

a. jam 8 b. jam 10 c. jam 5 d. jam 3 e. jam 4

2. Substitute the underlined word with those given below and translate into

English. Contoh : Kita/pulang

Kita harus pulang We have to go home

a. kami/pergi c. kamu/mandi b. mereka/kembali ke sekolah d. dia/makan

18

3. Contoh: Lapar Saya betul-betul lapar I am really hungry a. lelah c. harus pulang sekarang b. mau pergi ke rumah teman d. harus pergi sekarang Dialogue Describing the Weather Yanto : Aduh, hari ini panas sekali! - Wow, it’s very hot today! Narti : Ya, Jakarta panas sekali. - Yes, Jakarta is very hot Yanto : Kemarin tidak panas - Yesterday was not hot Narti : Ya. Karena kemarin hujan - Right, because it rained yesterday Yanto : Besok saya mau pergi ke Puncak - Tomorrow, I’m going to Puncak Narti : Wah enak ya. Disana sejuk - How nice, it’s cool there. Essential words and expressions: Sekali……………………………..Very Karena…………………………….Because Enak………………………………Nice; good (of good) Aduh………………………………Gosh; wow Puncak……………………………(a mountain resort about 70 km from Jakarta)/top Describing the Weather

panas – hot hujan – rain; to rain

dingin – cold sejuk – cool Indicating Places Sana……………………………………….There Di sana…………………………………….(Over) there Sini…………………………………………Here Di sini………………………………………(Over) here Exercises:

1. Contoh: disini Disini panas sekali It’s very hot here

a. rumah ini c. kemarin b. di sana d. Jakarta

19

LESSON 6: TERMS OF ADDRESS

It’s very important to use the right term of address when talking to Indonesians. Although Indonesians generally are forgiving towards foreigners learning their language, they may upset they hear themselves being addressed improperly. Fortunately, learning the terms of address in Bahasa Indonesia is not hard. Here are some terms of address that can be used in a wide variety of situations: Bapak (Pak)…..Father - the most common way of addressing an adult

male in Bahasa Indonesia. It’s like “Mister” or “Sir” in English. Mainly used to addressed older men, men who’s already married, men with a higher status, a boss, a teacher, etc.

Ibu (Bu)….Mother - is similarly used to address women, particularly

older women, particularly older married women Tuan…..Master - to a male employer, to a male foreigner Nyonya….Madame - to a female employer or a married woman Nona - to an unmarried woman Kamu, engkau, kau to those of lesser status (i.e. servant, driver,

employee, child) we use the word kamu, engkau, or kau. They are also used among intimate friends and between husband and wife. However, a new word has become popular over the last few years. The word “Anda” is replacing the various other words indicating the second person. It is equivalent to the English word ‘you’. We recommend you use this simple word.

Kak, Mas, Mbak - are used to address immediate older person.

“Kak” can be used for both male and female. “Mas” and “Mbak” are used mainly to address older brother/older man (Mas) and older sister/older women (Mbak)

Third person he or she “ia” or “dia” can be used for both men

and women. Mereka (plural) - They

20

LESSON 7: GRAMMAR

Personal pronouns

Personal Pronouns 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person

Singular Saya, Aku

Saudara, Bapak, Ibu,

Tuan, Nyonya, Nona,

kamu, engkau, kau,

Anda

Ia, Dia

Plural Kami, Kita

Saudara-saudara,

Kamu sekalian, kalian

Mereka

First person: I Saya - most common Aku - familiar form used towards friends, juniors and intimate circles Kami/kita…………………we Kami - is used when the person spoken to is excluded Kita - is used when the person spoken to is included (everybody is involved) Second person: You Saudara - formal to equals ‘Anda’

- formal to older people (male or female) In Bahasa Indonesia we don’t have tenses, articles, and cases. Listening

1. No tenses a. Saya pergi ke pasar kemarin b. Saya pergi ke pasar hari ini I went to the market yesterday I go to the market today

Notes: Bahasa Indonesia does not have what is in English called ‘tense’ it simply means the verb does not change according to the time the action take place.

In English you would say “I am going to do my homework” to indicate that the action will take place sometime later. However if someone says “I did my homework” that means the action took place a moment for a day in advance. In Bahasa Indonesia whether the action happens today, is going to happen tomorrow, or already happen we use the same sentence. Only at the end we put ‘time marker’ to indicate when the action take place.

21

2. No articles: Saya beli buku – I buy a book Notes: In English someone would use ‘a’, ‘an’, or ‘the’ to indicate whether he or she introduces a new in sentence or to talk about object in the same object. In Bahasa Indonesia we don’t have particle that have same functions as ‘a’, ‘an’, or ‘the’. 3. No cases: Saya makan – I eat

Dia makan – He/She eats

4. The verb “To Be” The English verb “to be” is rarely translated in Indonesian. Sometimes word “adalah” is used, but this is not necessary. Contoh: Saya adalah orang Amerika…………….I [am] an American Dia kakak saya…………………………...He [is] my brother Rumah itu bagus…………………………That house [is] beautiful A change in intonation indicates affirmative or interrogative sentence, the word order often stays the same. Failing intonation : affirmative Rising : interrogative Listen and hear now the intonation for affirmative and interrogative sentences differ. Eg: Ini pinsil……………….This is a pencil Ada pinsil?..................Is there any pencil? Anda mau minum?......Do you want to drink? Saya mau minum?......I want to drink Listening

Dialogue Giving information about someone John is AFSer in Jakarta Dewi : Kamu orang Kanada? -Are you Canadian? John : Bukan, saya orang Australia - No, I’m Australian Dewi : Saya sekolah di Tarakanita - I go to school in Tarakanita High Kamu sekolah di SMU mana? Where do you go to school? John : Saya sekolah di SMUN 3 - I go to High School no.3 Kalau dia sekolah dimana? How about him, where does he go

to school? Dewi : Dia sekolah di SMU Al-Azhar - He goes to Al-Azhar High School

22

Vocabulary Bukan……………………………………………………… No; not SMUN/Sekolah Menengah Umum Negeri…………….. Public high school Sekolah……………………………………………………. School Kalau………………………………………………………. How about; if Di…………………………………………………………… At Exercises:

1. Translate these sentences in Indonesian: Contoh: I am not Indonesian

Saya bukan orang Indonesia a. I am not British c. She is not Japanese b. You are not German d. He is not Canadian 2. Contoh: Orang Indonesia/orang Australia?

X: Anda orang Indonesia? Are you Indonesian?

Y: Bukan, saya orang Australia No, I am Australian a. American/Australian c. British/German b. Belgian/Suisse d. French/Norwegian Survival check 1. How would you greet a friend in the evening? 2. How would you introduce a brother to your friend? 3. How would you answer if your friend greets you ‘Apa kabar’? 4. How would you tell your friend that you are not at the same school?

a. Complete these: Selamat…………………………………….. (evening) ………………………………………………. (Selamat malam) ………………………………………………. (apa kabar) ………………………………………………. (my name is Julia) ………………………………………………. (thank you) b. The words in the phrases below have been jumbled up. Rewrite them in the

correct order so the make sense. Saya nama Lisa…………………………………….. saja baik-baik……………………………………….. siang selamat ibu…………………………………… saya Australia dari…………………………………..

23

LESSON 8: PHRASES & USEFUL WORDS

Listening Basic Classroom Commands

A. In the classroom Buka bukunya…………………………….. Please, open your book! Tutup bukunya……………………………. Please, close your book! Dengarkan (dulu)!………………………... Listen (first)! Tirukan!……………………………………. Say what I just said! Ulangi!……………………………………... Please repeat! Sama-sama……………………………….. Together Satu per satu ………………………………One at a time Sekali lagi…………………………………. One more time Dimulai…………………………………….. Please start! Go ahead! Begin! Jawab……………………………………… Answer Silahkan bertanya………………………... Please ask

B. Other useful expressions

Permisi…………………………………….. Excuse me Maaf……………………………………….. I am sorry. Pardon me Bagaimana mengatakan “drink” dalam Bahasa Indonesia………………... How to say “drink” in Indonesia? Apa artinya “jangan”?……………………. What does “jangan” mean? Itu artinya “don’t”…………………………. It means “don’t”. Maaf saya kurang mengerti……………... Sorry, I don’t quite understand

C. Phrases to say thank, etc.

Terima kasih……………………………… Thank you Terima kasih banyak…………………….. Thank you very much Kembali or sama-sama………………….. You’re welcome; Not at all

D. Responses

Maaf……………………………………….. I am sorry; Excuse me; I beg your pardon Tidak apa-apa…………………………….. It’s okay; never mind; it doesn’t matter Oh begitu………………………………….. I see Tentu saja…………………………………. Of course Bagus……………………………………… Wonderful Permisi……………………………………. Excuse me Ada apa?………………………………….. What’s the matter?

24

E. Phrases used by a host to entertain a guest Silahkan masuk………………………….. Come in, please Silahkan duduk…………………………… Take a seat, please Silahkan makan/minum………………….. Please, help yourself Silahkan tambah lagi…………………….. Have some more

The word “silahkan” is used when offering something, i.e. a drink, a cigarette, etc. When asking a favour like in “Would you shut the door, please?” the word “please” is translated as “tolong” which means “help”. Tolong tutup pintu.

25

LESSON 9: FOOD AND DRINK

Listening

A. Introduction Questions Answers Mau minum apa? Terima kasih, nanti saja What do you want to drink? Thanks, maybe later Mau makan apa? Terima kasih What do you want to eat? Thank you Jangan repot-repot Don’t go into trouble Suka ini/itu? Saya kurang suka Do you like this/that? I do not really like that Sudah makan? Sudah, terima kasih Have you eaten? I’ve just had some Mau makan ini? Tidak, terima kasih Do you want to eat this? No thanks. Baiklah terima kasih Alright, thanks. Dialogue Makan pagi – Breakfast

Ibu : Ina, mau makan apa? Nasi goreng? - What do you want to eat? Fried Rice? Ina : Tidak bu, saya makan roti saja - No thanks, I eat bread Ibu : Itu mentega dan selainya - That’s the butter and jam Mau minum teh? Do you want tea? Ina : Ya saya mau minum teh - Yes, I would like to drink tea Terima kasih bu. please, thanks ma’am.

26

Makan siang – Lunch

Kakak : Sudah makan Eric? - Have you already have your lunch? Eric : Sudah, tadi di sekolah sama - Yes, I ate with my friend at school teman Kakak : Makan apa tadi? - What did you have? Eric : Gado-gado sama kue - I had gado-gado and a cake Kakak : Kamu suka gado-gado? - Do you like gado-gado? Eric : Saya tidak begitu suka, tapi - I don’t really like it, but it’s good cukup enough. Makan malam – Dinner

Ibu : Tidak mau sate ayamnya? - Don’t you want chicken satay? Rini : Tidak bu, rasanya asin - No, thanks mum, it’s salty Ibu : Kalau begitu, makan mie goring ya? - If that’s the case, try fried noodle Rini : Mie gorengnya pedas, bu. - Fry noodle is too hot, mum.

B. Tasting Indonesian Food and Drinks

Questions Answers Mau coba? Oh ya, terima kasih Would you like to try? Yes, thanks you Bagaimana rasanya? cukup enak agak asam agak asin How does it taste? good enough rather sour rather salty Enak asam asin good sour salty enak sekali asam sekali asin sekali really delicious too sour too salty agak pedas agak manis agak pahit

27

rather hot rather sweet rather bitter pedas manis pahit hot/spicy sweet bitter pedas sekali manis sekali pahit sekali too hot/spicy too sweet too hot

Dialogue Ordering food in a restaurant Nini : Mas, ada gado-gado? - Do you have gado-gado? Pelayan : Oh gado-gadonya sudah - Oh, the gado-gado is finished

habis mbak ma’am Nini : Ada nasi goring? - Do you have fried rice? Pelayan : Ada mbak. - Yes, we do lady Nini : Saya minta satu piring - I would like one plate fried rice, please Pelayan : Maaf, minta berapa piring? - Sorry, how many plates ma’am? Nini : Satu saja - Just one Pelayan : Baiklah. Mau minum apa? - Okay. What would you like to drink? Nini : Ada teh hangat? - Do you have hot tea? Pelayan : Ada - Yes, we do Essential words and expressions: Kitchen utencils

Piring – Plate Sendok – Spoon

Gelas – Glass Garpu – fork

Botol – Bottle Pisau – Knife

28

Vocabulary Food/drinks Gado-gado……………………………… Mixed vegetable dish with peanut sauce Nasi goring……………………………… Fried rice Satai……………………………………... Small pieces of meat roasted on skewers Mie……………………………………….. Noodles Teh………………………………………. Tea Hangat…………………………………… Warm; not too hot Kopi……………………………………… Coffee Ada………………………………………. There is; to posses Habis…………………………………….. Finished (not available) Minta…………………………………….. To ask for something Baiklah…………………………………... Okay Besar…………………………………….. Big Pelayan………………………………….. Servant; waiter; waitress Exercises: Construct the sentences in Indonesian using the words provided. Follow the example given below. 1. Contoh: Mas/Mie goreng

Mas, ada mie goreng? Do you have fried noodles?

a. Mas/Sate c. Mbak/Gado-gado b. Mbak/Nasi goreng d. Mas/teh dingin

2. Contoh: Satenya

Satenya sudah habis The satay is finished

a. nasi gorengnya c. tehnya b. kopinya d. gado-gadonya

Survival check

1. How would you ask someone the date? 2. Imagine that you are in Jakarta today and you’ll be going to Puncak

tomorrow. How would you explain to someone? 3. Imagine yourself in a restaurant.

a. How would you ask whether they have gado-gado? b. How would you ask for a bottle of Coca Cola? c. How would you ask for some more fried rice?

29

LESSON 10: PLACES AND DISTANCES

Listening Dialogue Asking and giving information about places Rina : Dimana rumah kamu? -Where is your house? Anto : Di Jalan Melawai - On Melawai Street. Rina : Di mana itu? - Where is that? Anto : Di Blok M. Kamu tinggal dimana? - At Blok M’s area. Where do you live? Rina : Di Jalan Cibulan - On Cibulan Street. Anto : Apakah dekat pasar Santa? - Is it near Santa market? Rina : Ya, dekat pasar Santa - Yes, it’s near Santa market Answer these question in Bahasa Indonesia: 1. Where is Anto’s house? 2. Where is Rina’s house?

Essential words and expressions: Question words Mana…………………………………………….… Where Di mana?………………………………………….. Where? Daerah…………………………………………….. Area Dekat………………………………………………. Near dekat mana……………………………………….. Near where? Places Bioskop……………………………………………. Cinema Mesjid ………………………………………………Mosque Kantor pos………………………………………… Post office Tempat…………………………………………….. Place Tempat parkir…………………………………….. Parking lot Rumah sakit………………………………………. Hospital Jalan……………………………………………….. Street; way Exercises: Replace the underlined word with the words given below and translate the sentence into English. 1. Contoh: rumah ibu Di mana rumah ibu? Where is your house? a. kantor bapak c. bioskop b. kantor pos d. sekolah anda

30

2. Contoh: Kantor pos A: Rumah kamu dekat mana? Where is your house near? B: Dekat kantor pos Near the post office a. Bioskop c. Patung b. Rumah sakit d. Sekolah 3. Contoh: Kantor pos Saya tidak melihat kantor pos disana I didn’t see a post office there a. Bioskop c. Bank b. Mesjid d. tempat parkir Dialogue Asking about the length of time Rudi : Ibu mau pergi kemana? - Where are you going? Ibu Wati : Ke “Blok M” - To “Blok M” Rudi : Makan waktu berapa lama - How long does it take to go ibu naik taksi? there by taxi? Ibu Wati : Saya kira dua puluh menit, - I think it takes twenty minutes, kalau jalanan tidak macet if there is no traffic jam Essential words and expressions: Makan waktu berapa lama……………………… How long does it take? Naik………………………………………………... go by