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THE MUSIC OF
INDONESIA
The predominant
musical ensemble in Indonesia is
gamelan
Javanese gamelan is more sedate and majestic sounding
Balinese gamelan is more virtuosic,
mercurial, flashy, and unpredictable
Gamelan literally means, “musical ensemble”
Gending is a piece of Javanese music for gamelan
Gender is a metallophone with thin bronze slab keys
A Saron is a metallophone with thick bronze slab keys
lying over a trough resonator
A Gong is suspended and struck
with a mallet.
Laras are Javanese tuning systems
A complete Javanese
gamelan is two
orchestras in one
The cultural and historical significance of Javanese gamelan music goes back more than 250 years
The Mataram is the last great native power in Java
There are spiritual
aspects to Javanese Gamelan
music
Wayang Kulit (shadow-plays) use stories derived
from India
The Dhalang is the puppeteer
The Music of Bali
In the fifteenth century, Mataram displaced the Hindu
kingdom of Majapahit
Balinese gamelan music can accompany opera, support the royal court, enhance shadow
plays, or represent village pride
The Kecak is a type of
dance drama accompanied
by a large male chorus that chants
rhythmically, usually
performed for tourists
Barong is a dance ritual adopted for tourists
New genres are being accepted as “traditional” culture
Popular Music in Java
includes Gambus, Dangdut, Kroncong
and Jaipongan
The three levels of musical
activity in gamelan music are
coordinated by the
drummer
They are melody, elaboration and rhythmic punctuation
Buburan “Udan Mas,” (Golden Rain) Laras Pelog,
Patet Barang. Textbook CD
2, track 3
Ketawang “Puspawarna,” Laras Slendro, Patet Manyura.
Textbook CD 2, track 4
Kebyar “Teruna.” Textbook CD 2, track 5
Tabuh Empat Pagawak.Performed by
Gamelan Gong Gede “Sekar Sandat” of Bangli. Textbook
CD 2, track 6
Dangdut Quran Dan Koran Textbook CD 2, track 8
Kroncong “Morisko” Textbook CD 2, track 9
"Daun Pulus Keser
Bojong," Textbook CD 2, track 10
Gamelan is an Indonesian term for musical ensemble
Indonesian music is generally based on repeated musical phrases of varying length
Javanese music uses two scales
Gamelan music serves ritual,
spiritual, government, dramatic, and social functions
The shadow puppet play—Wayang Kulit
—is one of the major theatrical forms that
uses gamelan
Balinese gamelan instruments are tuned slightly differently,
creating a shimmering or pulsating effect
Many newer popular styles combine outside influences
What caused the
divergences of Javanese and
Balinese music in the
fifteenth-century, and then in the twentieth-century?
Why can Indonesia be labeled a “bronze culture”?
What other cultures can we list that
are influenced by
a material like bronze is to Indonesia?
In what other world music
cultures might we find interlocking?
Where might we find equivalents to Balinese
musical instruments that contain spirits?
How may shadow play be compared to opera or
ballet? Hollywood movies?
What acculturations has Balinese music made in the twentieth-century?
Has it been beneficial?
What were the forces that created Arabic and then Portuguese
influences on Indonesian popular music?
