Individual Care Planning: Enabling the Paradigm Shift to Recovery Focused Care - Lessons from the National Mental Health Services Collaborative

Burlington Hotel 7th February 2012

Recovery Focused PracticeAgnes Higgins PhD

School of Nursing and Midwifery Trinity College Dublin

Recovery

2006Recovery 1 of the16

guiding principles

2007Recovery-focussed

approach is a standard

2008 Recovery

Framework

2005Recovery discussion

paper

Recovery Perennials• Active process• Individual and unique process• Gradual process• Non- linear process• Trial and error process• Life changing• Stages or phases• Can occur without professional help• Aided by supportive healing

environment• Journey of discovery

Leamy , M et al (2011) Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis BJPsych 199:445-452

Journey of discovery

• Discovery– Identity– Voice– Hope– Belief– Meaning– Belonging– Strengths– Personal control/agency

– Life long journey

Recovery

• Process/journey that person experiences

• Philosophy/Approach to care and service provision

Recovery: approach to care

• ‘Recovery offers a transformational ideology for services and suggests reform in how ‘mental illness’ is understood and managed, as well as in how people living with mental illness are understood and helped. This guiding philosophy challenges ideas and beliefs about the etiology and treatment of ‘mental illness’, including the way in which mental health practice is organised and implemented to ensure that people living with ‘mental illness’ lead meaningful and productive lives.’

– Boutillier et al (2011) What does recovery mean in practice? A qualitative analysis of International recovery-oriented practice guidance psychiatric services 62(11):1470-1476

Current narrative

Narrative Synthesis of Recovery Processes

Leamy , M et al (2011) Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis BJPsych 199:445-452

Recovery focused practice• More than assimilating

into current paradigm• More than adopting

language of recovery.• A challenge to new

ways of thinking and acting

• An invitation to fresh and new possibilities and new narrative

RecoveryNarrative

CITIZENSHIPRIGHTS

Shepherd et al 2008

Insight and Internalised stigma• People who accept that they have mental illness may feel

driven to conform to an image of incapacity and worthlessness, becoming more socially withdrawn and adopting a disabled role. As a result, their symptoms may persist and they may become dependent on treatment providers and others. Thus, insight into one’s illness may be rewarded with poor outcome.

• Empowerment of people and helping them reduce their internalised sense of stigma are as important as helping them find insight into their ‘illness’. Until now, however, more effort has been expended on the last than on the former.– Warner R. (2004).Recovery from Schizophrenia: Psychiatry and Political

Economy (3rd edn). Brunner-Routledge,

Recovery: not anti medication

‘The biomedical model and medical treatments may have an important

place for some people in their recovery, but as an invited guest,

rather than an overarching paradigm’

• Higgins, A (2008)

‘My journey of recovery is still ongoing. I still struggle with symptoms, grieve the losses I have sustained…I am also involved in self help and mutual support and I still use professional services including medications, psychotherapy and hospitals. However, I do not just take medications and go to the hospital. I have learned to use medications and to use the hospital. This is the active stance that is the hallmark of the recovery process.’

Deegan, P (1996) Recovery as a journey of the heart Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 19, 3 91-97

DREEM: Developing Recovery Enhancing Environment Measure Staff and resident ratings of importance of factors. (Ridgeway & Press, 2004)

Dinniss S et al. User-led assessment of recovery service using DREEM Psychiatric Bulletin 2007;31:124-127

©2007 by The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Staff and resident ratings of how well recovery factors were achieved/supported by service *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Dinniss S et al. Psychiatric Bulletin 2007;31:124-127

©2007 by The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Ten key organisational challenges

1. Changing the nature of day-to-day interactions and the quality of experience

2. Delivering comprehensive, service user-led education and training programmes

3. Establishing a ‘Recovery Education Centre’ to drive the programmes forward

4. Ensuring organisational commitment, creating the ‘culture’5. Increasing ‘personalisation’ and choice6. Changing the way we approach risk assessment and

management7. Redefining service user involvement8. Transforming the workforce9. Supporting staff in their recovery journey10.Increasing opportunities for building a life ‘beyond illness’

– Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health

Pillars of Recovery

A Higgins TCD

Lasting change

Culture Values

Professional narrative

Recovery: Thinking Differently

“There are risks and costs to a program of action, but they are far less than, the long-range risks and costs of comfortable inaction”

John F. Kennedy