Indicators for SE4all related activities within the 11th EDF (2014)

8/10/2019 Indicators for SE4all related activities within the 11th EDF (2014)

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Detlef Loy

Indicators for SE4All-related

activities within the 11th EDFSE4All Technical Assistance Facility Eastern and Southern Africa


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Baseline establishment SE4All sets 2010 as starting point against which progress will be measured.

Common indicators for baseline are:

Rate of household connections to electricity

Average residential electricity consumption

Proportion of households relying primarily on non-solid fuels for cooking

Data Sources:

IEA, World Energy Outlook 2012 Electricity Access Database (Excel-file, global datafor 2010); data for 2011 as annex to World Energy Outlook 2013

World Health Organisation Global Household Energy Database

SE4All Global Tracking Framework, Data from various sources for 2010, separate forrural and urban areas

Guideline for Energy Statistics:

UN International Recommendations for Energy Statistics


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Definition for access to modern energy

There is no single internationally accepted and adopted definition andmeasurement method of access to modern energy !

Definition of the Wor ld Energy Out l ook (IEA):

Households having reliable and affordable access to clean cooking facilities, afirst connection to electricity and then an increasing level of electricityconsumption over time to reach the regional average.

Definition of the UN Advisory Group on Energy and Climate (AGECC):Access to a basic minimum threshold of modern energy services for bothconsumption and productive uses. Access to these modern energy services mustbe reliable and affordable, sustainable and where feasible, from low-GHG-emitting energy sources.

Problems:

Increased electricity consumption not necessarily a goal; higher consumptioncould mean low efficiency; consumption influenced by a number of factors, e.g.persons per household.

Household-based definition excludes access to energy for community services andproductive uses.


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Challenges in defining and measuringEnergy Access

As a first step, use of binary measures for defining energy access:

Electricity access, defined as availability of an electricity connection athome or the use of electricity as the primary source for lighting

Access to modern cooking solutions, defined as relying primarily on non-solid fuels for cooking.

Growing consensus that method needs to be improved and refined by introducing

a multi-tier approach.


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Multi-tier approach (proposal 1)

Source: UN, SE4All Global Tracking Framework, 2013

Challenge: How to monitor the different attributes (e.g. voltage stability) in an African context ?


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Multi-tier approach (proposal 2)

N.B.: EnDev has developed a similar set of service standards based on electricity needs being met

(kWh per person and year)

Source: UN, SE4All Global Tracking Framework, 2013


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Multi-tier approach for non-residentialsectors, example: health centres

Source:PracticalAc

tion,

PoorpeoplesEnergyOutlook

2013


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Requirements for multi-tier approach

Multi-tier metric requires enhancements to existing data-collection

instruments.

Surveys remain the best suited instruments for obtaining data, but additional

energy-focused questions should be designed.

Surveys could ask for off-grid technologies and connections to decentralized

mini-grids. They could also capture level of electricity supply (duration,quality, affordibility, etc.) and electricity appliances used.

Three-level measurement systemas interim solution:

In a first step and as technology-based approach, electricity access could be

differentiated by no-access, basic access (solar lanterns, etc.) andadvanced access (off-grid and grid solutions)


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Challenges in defining and measuringRenewable Energy share in the energy mix

Definitions vary in the type of resouces included and the sustainabilityconsiderations taken into account.

Most common indicators are:

RE share in Total Primary Energy Production or Supply (TPES)

RE share in final energy consumption

RE share in electricity consumption

UN Global Tracking Framework has compiled baseline data for 2010. Those willbe complemented by additional indicators: 1) policy targets and adoption of

measures; 2) RE technology costs; 3) RE total investments.

Data collection methodologies need to be improved and standards forsustainability need to be agreed-upon.


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Challenges in defining and measuringEnergy Efficiency

Energy intensity as indicator for degree of energy efficiency is difficult to

measure and compare as it depends on a number of factors (e.g. output of

products, use of energy services, climate, sectoral structure)

Most common indicator is energy intensity at national level (energy use per

unit GDP)

Output metrics are not sufficiently covered by statistics in most countries

Disaggregation of energy intensity per consumption sector (transport,

agriculture, industry, households) requires very detailed data easiest toretrieve for individual industrial sectors, e.g. cement or sugar industry


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Indicators for NIP activities

Quantitative indicators should be set up wherever possible, targets need to

be achievable and should be time-bound

Indicators should also be established for non-technical measures (policy

support, sector reforms, capacity building, know-how transfer, etc.)

Indicators are in first place measured on the result level, but should also be

set up on the outcome/impact level (e.g. jobs created through improved

energy supply for productive purposes)

Progress needs to be measured separate from other donor supports and

activities in the same field

Progress should be linked to individual EC intervention Monitoring needs to be viable by retrieving data from different reliable

sources


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Technology-based indicators for NIPactivities: Electricity access

Access to electricity supply and services:

Additional number of households/people served by different levels ofelectricity supply (in case of grid: number of connections)

Electricity consumption per household or capita in target region

Additional number of public institutions and productive facilities served bydifferent levels of electricity supply

Percentage of people with access to electricity in target region

Data sources: grid/distribution operators, surveys


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Technology-based indicators for NIPactivities: RE Electricity

Electricity generation from RE sources:

Additional MWh produced from RE in year x,y, z (on-grid, off-grid, industrialself-supply)

Number and capacity of RE stand-alone systems and micro-grids for multi-household supply

Amount of fossil fuels substituted by RE (e.g. diesel by PV in hybrid mini-grids)

RE systems installed for specific purposes, e.g. water pumping and irrigation(number, capacity, households served, amount of water supplied)

RE share in the electricity generation mix of target region x,y,z or installed REcapacity per capita

Data sources: grid and RE-facility operators, sale of products funded through EDF,technology specifications of product suppliers, commerce associations


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Technology-based indicators for NIPactivities: Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency in the Electricity sector:

Technical transmission and distribution losses reduced

Number of energy audits executed in the industrial, commercial or public

sector

Energy-efficiency measures implemented in x number of buildings/facilities

Number and size of demand-side activities offered by utilities

Deployment/market share of energy-efficient products increased (e.g. CFLs)

Data sources: grid operators, utilities, associations for commerce and industry,

customs, ministries


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Indicators for non-technical NIPactivities

Development of policy/sector strategy supported/initiated

Design of legal frameworks supported

Capacity building of different stakeholder groups strengthened

Capacity of existing institutions strengthened or creation of new institutions

supported

Innovative financing approaches fostered or developed

Monitoring and evaluation capacity increased


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Indicators for general electricty sectoractivities under the EDF

The following indicators may be used in sector reform supports:

Electricity connections per employee increased

Amount of subsidies paid per customer or per new connection decreased

Non-technical losses decreased

Cost recovery ratio (tariff vs. operational costs or vs. total generation costs) improved

Share of private sector engagement in power generation raised

Construction of new transmission and distribution lines

Number and time of outages per year reduced

Electricity sector unbundled and regulated

More indicators can be found here: The World Bank, Monitoring Performance of Electric Utilities Indicators and

Benchmarking in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2009; see also: The World Bank/AfDB, Handbook on Infrastructure Statistics, Dec. 2011


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Impact indicators for NIP activities

Improved reading and homeworking environment

Improved fresh water supply and irrigation

Increased income through productive activities

Reduced share of energy expenditures in the industrial and commercial sector

Improved working and education conditions

Extended public services

Improved indoor air and climate conditions

National jobs created within the value chain for RE and EE products

Documents

Indicators for SE4all related activities within the 11th EDF (2014)