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 Indication for Open Reduction Internal Fixation. Internal fixation is often the most desirable form of treatment. The chief indications are: 1. Fractures that cannot be reduced except by operation. 2. Fractures those are inherently unstable and prone to re-displace after reduction (e.g. mid-shaft fractures of the forearm and some displaced ankle fractures. !lso included are those fractures liable to be pulled apart by muscle action (e.g. trans"erse fracture of the patella or olecranon. #. Fractures that unite poorly and slo$ly% principally fractures of the femoral neck. &. 'athological fractures in $hich bone disease may pre"ent healing. . )ultiple fractures $here early fixation (by either internal or external fixation reduces the risk of general complications and late multisystem organ failure *. Fractures in patients $ho present nursing difficulties (paraplegics% those $ith multiple in+uries and the "ery elderly. ,. hen there is a large articular fragment that needs accurate positioning. . For traction (a"ulsion fractures in $hich the fragments are held apart. /. 'hyseal fractures $ith Intra-articular fractures (such as 0alter-arris types III and I re3uire anatomic reduction to restore the articular surface and pre"ent epiphyseal-metaphyseal cross union. 14. open fractures 11. !ss ociated ner"e and "ascular in+ury

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Indication for Open Reduction Internal Fixation.Internal fixation is often the most desirable form of treatment. The chief indications are:1. Fractures that cannot be reduced except by operation.2. Fractures those are inherently unstable and prone to re-displace after reduction (e.g. mid-shaft fractures of the forearm and some displaced ankle fractures). Also included are those fractures liable to be pulled apart by muscle action (e.g. transverse fracture of the patella or olecranon).3. Fractures that unite poorly and slowly, principally fractures of the femoral neck.4. Pathological fractures in which bone disease may prevent healing.5. Multiple fractures where early fixation (by either internal or external fixation) reduces the risk of general complications and late multisystem organ failure 6. Fractures in patients who present nursing difficulties (paraplegics, those with multiple injuries and the very elderly).7. When there is a large articular fragment that needs accurate positioning.8. For traction (avulsion) fractures in which the fragments are held apart.9. Physeal fractures with Intra-articular fractures (such as Salter-Harris types III and IV) require anatomic reduction to restore the articular surface and prevent epiphyseal-metaphyseal cross union.10. open fractures11. Associated nerve and vascular injury