Indiana Intercity Bus Needs Assessment and Service ... 2017 ICB Study.pdf · 11/01/2017 · The study concludes that Indiana’s intercity bus needs are being substantially met by

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Indiana Intercity Bus Needs Assessment and Service

Evaluation 2017

Prepared for the Indiana Department of Transportation, Office of Transit

February, 2018

Prepared by: RLS & Associates, Inc.

3131SDIXIEHWY●DAYTON,OHIO45439●937.299.5007VOICE●937.299.1055FAX●WWW.RLSANDASSOC.COM

TableofContentsI.INDIANAINTERCITYBUSNEEDSASSESSMENTANDSERVICEEVALUATION:2017..........................1

ExecutiveSummary...................................................................................................................................................................1

II.INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................3

PurposeofStudy.........................................................................................................................................................................3

StudyMethodology....................................................................................................................................................................3

III.INVENTORYOFEXISTINGINTERCITYBUSSERVICE..................................................................................5

IV.FTAINTERCITYBUSPROGRAM‐SECTION5311(F)................................................................................24

V.INDOTSECTION5311(F)PROGRAM...............................................................................................................25

ExistingSection5311(f)SupportedService..................................................................................................................25

IndianaIntercityBusServiceFrequency........................................................................................................................35

VI.DATAANALYSIS–INDIANAINTERCITYBUSSERVICE.............................................................................37

Introduction/Overview..........................................................................................................................................................37

IdentifyIntercityBusCorridorsandPopulationsServed........................................................................................39

IdentifyPopulationProximityToIntercityBusStationsorStops.......................................................................45

VII.DEMANDFORINTERCITYBUS(ICB)SERVICE..........................................................................................47

IdentifyDemographicFactorsThatReflectOverallNeedforICBServices......................................................47

IntercityBusTripGenerators..............................................................................................................................................49

VIII.STAKEHOLDERINPUT.....................................................................................................................................67

Overview......................................................................................................................................................................................67

IntercityBusCarriers..............................................................................................................................................................67

PublicTransportationProviders........................................................................................................................................68

GeneralStakeholders..............................................................................................................................................................68

IntercityBusRouteCoverage..............................................................................................................................................70

IX.EVALUATIONOFSECTION5311(F)FUNDEDROUTES.............................................................................71

PerformanceStandardsforIntercityBusServices.....................................................................................................71

ExistingService.........................................................................................................................................................................74

CostPerMileAnalysis–BaronsandMiller...................................................................................................................75

IntercityBusIndustryTrends.............................................................................................................................................75

X.CONCLUSIONSANDOBSERVATIONS...............................................................................................................77

XI.RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................................................................................79

APPENDIXA:SURVEYINSTRUMENTS..............................................................................................................A‐1

INDOTINTERCITYBUSASSESSMENT2017 1

IntercityBusI.INDIANAINTERCITYBUSNEEDSASSESSMENTANDSERVICEEVALUATION:2017EXECUTIVESUMMARYTheIndianaDepartmentofTransportation(INDOT)isobligatedtospend15percentofitsSection5311apportionmentforintercitybustransportationunlessitcertifiesthatintercitybusneedsarebeingmet.TheassessmentofintercitybusneedsmaybemaderelativetootherruraltransportationneedsintheState.INDOTcontractedwithRLS&Associates,Inc.(RLS)toassesstheState’sintercitybusneeds,servingasanupdatetothe2009IndianaIntercityBusStudy,whilealsoevaluatingtheroutescurrentlyoperatedwithSection5311(f)funding.INDOTutilizesallofits15percentonintercitybusoperationsandplanstocontinuethispractice.ThisStudydocumentsthatassessmentandrouteevaluation.AlthoughGreyhound’sserviceinIndianahasdeclinedsincethe2009study,thevolumeofintercitybusserviceintheStatehasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepastnineyears.In2009therewerefivecarriersoperating12routesand13busstopsservingtheState.Today,thereare18intercitybusroutesoperatedbysixcarriers,with48stopsin46citiesintheState.Indianaiswellservedfromaspatialperspective,with87percentoftheState’spopulationresidingwithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.ThisincreaseinservicecanbeattributedtoINDOTusingitsfull15percentintercitybusapportionmenttosubsidizeroutesacrosstheState.In2009INDOTexpendedonly$230,200ontwoSection5311(f)projectswiththeCityofMarionandJohnsonCounty.In2017,thereareeightroutessupportedwithSection5311(f)funds,threebyBaronsBusLinesandfivebyMillerTransportation.ThisStudyconcludedthatthevariousdemographicsegmentsoftheStatethathavethegreatestlikelihoodofusingintercitybusservices—theminoritypopulation,zerovehiclehouseholds,andpopulationbelowpoverty—arewellservedacrosstheStatebyintercitybus.AsimilarconclusionwasmadefortheState’smajorintercitybustripgeneratorsincludingcollegesanduniversities,correctionalinstitutions,medicalfacilities,commercialairports,andmilitarybases.ItwasdeterminedthroughatransitpropensityanalysisthatthecensustractsinIndianawiththegreatestdemandforintercitybusservice,whicharegreaterthan25milesfromanintercitybusstop,areprimarilylocatedinfour(4)areasoftheState: North/northwestofLafayettealongI‐65 NorthofVincennesalongU.S.41 EastofMartinsvillealongI‐65 EastofPaoliandsouthofINHwy.56

TheStudyfoundthatmostoftheSection5311(f)supportedroutesareperformingwell.However,someconcernwascitedfortheRichmond–Garyroute,aswellaspossibleserviceduplicationalongtheIndianapolis–Bloomingtoncorridor.


Inputwasreceivedfromthreedistinctstakeholdergroups.AnonlinesurveywasmadeavailabletotheState’sintercitybuscarriersandpublictransportationproviders.Athirdsurveyinstrumentwasdevelopedforgeneralstakeholdersincludinglocalandregionalplanners,economicdevelopmentrepresentatives,localgovernmentofficials,andcollegesanduniversities.ThestakeholderoutreachindicatedaneedforservicealongtheIndianapolis–Columbus–Louisvillecorridor.ThestudyconcludesthatIndiana’sintercitybusneedsarebeingsubstantiallymetbytheintercitybuscarriers,withtheassistanceofINDOTandtheSection5311(f)fundingsupport.However,asaresultoftheconclusionsandobservationsdocumentedinthisStudy,severalrecommendationsareofferedtomaintainandimprovetheState’sintercitybusnetwork,suchascontinuingtheuseoftheState’sSection5311(f)apportionmenttomaintainintercitybusservicecoverage,expandingmarketingoftheservice,andimplementingperformancemeasurestoevaluatetheeefficiencyandeffectivenessoftheservice.


II.INTRODUCTIONTheIndianaDepartmentofTransportation(INDOT),OfficeofTransit,isresponsibleforadministeringtheFederalTransitAdministration(FTA)fundsthatareusedtosupportpublictransportationservicesacrosstheState.FundingforintercitybusserviceisprovidedthroughtheSection5311(f)program,whichisasubsectionoftheSection5311‐FormulaGrantsforOtherthanUrbanizedAreasprogram.WhiletheSection5311programprovidesfundingtosupportgeneralpublictransportationserviceintheruralareasoftheStatewithpopulationslessthan50,000,theSection5311(f)programisspecificallyintendedtosupportthedevelopmentandoperationofintercitybustransportation.ThetermintercitybusisdefinedbyFTAas,“regularlyscheduledbusserviceforthegeneralpublicthatoperateswithlimitedstopsoverfixedroutesconnectingtwoormoreurbanareasnotincloseproximity,thathasthecapacityfortransportingbaggagecarriedbypassengers,andthatmakesmeaningfulconnectionswithscheduledintercitybusservicetomoredistantpoints,ifsuchserviceisavailable.”Statesarerequiredtospend15percentofitsannualSection5311apportionmenttocarryoutaprogramtodevelopandsupportintercitybustransportation,unlesstheGovernorcertifiesthattheintercitybusserviceneedsoftheStatearebeingadequatelymet.ThisdeterminationmustincludeconsultationwiththeState’sintercitybusproviders.PURPOSEOFSTUDYThemostrecentIndianaIntercityBusStudywaspreparedin2008–2009byRLS&Associates,Inc.(RLS).TheStudyevaluatedthestatusoftheintercitybusindustryinIndiana,withparticularemphasisonassessingthedemandforintercitybusserviceacrosstheState.FederalrequirementsassociatedwiththereceiptofSection5311(f)fundsandtheutilizationofthesefundsatthetimewereevaluated.ThestudyconfirmedtheneedforadditionalintercitybusserviceintheStateandrecommendedroutesforSection5311(f)support,severalofwhicharecurrentlyinoperation.Inadditiontointercitybusservice,theStudyalsoevaluatedtheutilizationofIndiana’sAmtrakserviceandthepossibilityofusingstatefundstosupportpassengerrailserviceinthefuture.ItshouldbenotedthattheStateofIndianaspends$3millionannuallyinsupportoftheHoosierStatetrainservice.Itisthepurposeofthis2017IntercityBusNeedsAssessmentandServiceEvaluation,alsoconductedbyRLS,toserveasanupdateofthepreviousStudy.This2017StudyassessesthecontinuinglevelofdemandforintercitybusserviceacrosstheState,withtheemphasisplacedonanevaluationofexistingintercitybusservice,particularlytheroutessupportedwithSection5311(f)funds.RecommendationsareprovidedregardingfutureSection5311(f)supportedroutesandhowroutesmaybealteredtoincreaseproductivityoraddressserviceduplication.STUDYMETHODOLOGYToaccomplishthestudy’sobjectives,theconsultantteamutilizedadetailedmethodologythatincludedthefollowingsignificanttasks:


InventoryofIndiana’sintercitybusservice; Determinechangesinthelevelofintercitybusservicesincethe2009Study; Surveyofthestate’sintercitybuscarriers,publictransportationproviders,transportation

planningorganizations,economicdevelopmentagencies,collegesanduniversities,andcity/countyexecutives;

DeterminegapsinintercitybusserviceacrosstheStateandoptionstomeettheserviceneeds; EvaluateroutessupportedwithSection5311(f)fundsandrecommendchangesasapplicable;

and Provideconclusionsandrecommendationstoimprovetheprovisionofintercitybusservicein

theStateandforthefutureutilizationoftheINDOTSection5311(f)apportionment.


III.INVENTORYOFEXISTINGINTERCITYBUSSERVICEThe2009IntercityBusStudyfoundthatthefollowingintercitybuscarriersoperatedsomelevelofserviceinIndiana: BurlingtonTrailways; GreyhoundLines; IndianTrails; LakefrontLines;and Megabus(CoachUSA).Atthetime,Greyhoundwasthedominantcarrier,operatingsixroutesintheState,primarilyintoandnorthofIndianapolis.BurlingtonTrailwaysoperatedtworoutes,whileIndianTrailsandLakefrontLineseachoperatedasingleroute.MegabusprovidedexpressbusservicefromChicagotoIndianapolis,withconnectingservicetoColumbusandCincinnati.BelowisadescriptionbycarrierofthecurrentlevelofintercitybusserviceintheStateandhowtheservicehaschangedovertheeight‐yearssincethepreviousstudy.Table1,FrequencyofIndianaIntercityBusService,depictsthelevelofserviceprovidedbythesixcarrierscurrentlyoperatinginIndiana.Exhibit1isamapindicatingthevariousintercityservicesthatareprovidedacrossIndiana,whileExhibit2isasimilarmapfrom2009.

Table1:FrequencyofIndianaIntercityBusService‐2017

Carrier Route Daily

RTs5311(f)Status

IndianaStops

BaronsBusLines

Liberty–Ft.Wayne

1 Subsidized Liberty,Richmond,Greenfield,Indianapolis,Marion,FortWayne

BaronsBusLines

Ft.Wayne‐Gary

1 Subsidized FortWayne,Ligonier,Goshen,Wakarusa,SouthBend,RollingPrairie,BurnsHarbor,Gary

BaronsBusLines

Richmond‐Gary

1 Subsidized Richmond,Portland,Berne,Decatur,FortWayne,NewParis,Nappanee,Wakarusa,LaPorte,MichiganCity,BurnsHarbor,Gary

BurlingtonTrailways

Indianapolis‐Davenport

2 Unsubsidized Indianapolis

GreyhoundLines

Chicago–Detroit

3 Unsubsidized Gary,SouthBend


Carrier Route DailyRTs

5311(f)Status

IndianaStops

GreyhoundLines

St.Louis–Columbus

4 Unsubsidized TerreHaute,Indianapolis

GreyhoundLines

Chicago–Cincinnati

5 Unsubsidized Gary,Lafayette,Indianapolis

GreyhoundLines

St.Louis‐Nashville

2 Unsubsidized Evansville

IndianTrails Chicago–BentonHarbor

2 Unsubsidized Gary

Megabus Chicago–Indianapolis


MillerTransportation

Elkhart‐Indianapolis

1 Subsidized Elkhart,SouthBend,Plymouth,Rochester,Peru,Kokomo,Indianapolis


Louisville‐Evansville

1 Subsidized Corydon,Dale,Owensboro,Evansville


Indianapolis‐Evansville

1 Subsidized Indianapolis,Bloomington,Washington,Vincennes,Princeton,Evansville


Indianapolis‐Muncie

2 Subsidized Indianapolis,IndianapolisAirport,Pendleton,Anderson,BallStateUniversity,Muncie


Richmond‐Gary

1 Subsidized Richmond,FortWayne,Warsaw,Gary


Indianapolis‐TerreHaute

1 Unsubsidized Indianapolis,Martinsville,Bloomington,Spencer,TerreHaute


Chicago‐Louisville

1 Unsubsidized Hammond,Gary,Merrillville,Lafayette,Indianapolis,Bloomington,Paoli,Bedford,Orleans


Chicago‐Columbus

1 Unsubsidized Gary,SouthBend,Elkhart,FortWayne,Richmond




BurlingtonTrailwaysBurlingtonTrailwayscontinuestooperatethesameroutebetweenChampaign,ILandIndianapolisviaI‐74thatitoperatedin2009(seeExhibit3).TheserviceextendstoDavenportandDesMoines,IA.Therearetwodailytripsineachdirection,withoneextendingtoDenver,COandtheotherendinginDavenport.However,thereisnolongerastopinCrawfordsville,resultinginIndianapolisbeingtheonlyIndianastopontheroute.The2009studynotedthelowridershipinCrawfordsville,whichwasservedbyalimited‐servicestationwithnohandlingoftickets,baggage,orexpresspackages.ThecarrierutilizestheIndianapolisGreyhoundStation.Indianapoliscontinuestohavefourstops;twoineachdirectionalongtheroute.IndianTrails

IndianTrailsoperatesoutofOwosso,MI.ThecompanyoperatesprimarilyinMichiganwithverylimitedIndianaservice.TheservicethroughIndianaispartofthecompany’ssixChicago,ILtoMichiganschedules,withastopinGary.ThecarrierhasterminateditsstopinHammondsincethe2009studywascompleted,howeverthecityisnowservedbyMiller.IndianTrailscurrentlyoperatesalongtheI‐90/I‐94corridorbetweenChicagoandBayCity,MI,includingtwostopsinGaryineachdirection(seeExhibit4).

LakefrontTrailways

LakefrontTrailwaysisnowasubsidiaryofCoachUSA,alsotheownerofMegabus.Atthetimeofthe2009study,LakefrontoperatedscheduledintercitybusservicebetweenChicagoandAkron,OH,includingonestopineachdirectioninGary,SouthBend,Elkhart,andFortWayne.CurrentlyLakefronthasnointercitybusroutesthatserveIndiana.However,thesemunicipalitiesareservedbyothercarriers,particularlytheSection5311(f)supportedroutesoperatedbyBaronsandMiller.




MegabusMegabuswasthefirstnon‐traditional“curbside”intercitybuscarriertoprovidelowcostexpressserviceintheUnitedStates.Megabus,asubsidiaryofCoachUSAandbasedinChicago,introducedservicetothemid‐westin2006,includingservicetoandfromIndianapolis.Since2010Megabushasfocusedontransitioningfromatraditionalspoke‐and‐hubsystem,toapoint‐to‐pointnetworkofexpressrouteswithbusesmakingminimalstops,typicallyinlargercities,inroutetotheirdestination.Theterm“curbside”isusedbecausethesenon‐traditionalcarriersboardandalightpassengersonstreetcornersratherthanutilizingtypicalintercitybusterminals.

Thesenon‐traditionalcarriersprimarilyprovideexpressservicetothemorepopulatedcitiesintheState,normallyatalowerfare.Theydonotinterlinewithanyothercompanies,andoftendonotinterlinewiththeirownschedules.Therefore,thisservicedoesnotmeettheFTAdefinitionofintercitybusservice,butisincludedinthisstudysinceitisatransportoption.

Atthetimeofthepreviousintercitybusstudy,MegabusservedIndianapolisalongtheI‐65/I‐74corridorbetweenChicagoandCincinnati/Columbus,OH,includingfiveschedules.WhileMegabuscurrentlyservesonlyIndianapolisintheState,serviceisavailabletoAtlanta,GA,Chattanooga,TN,Chicago,Cincinnati,Louisville,KYandNashville,TN.TherearesixschedulesavailabledailytoandfromIndianapolis,Chicago,andCincinnati,butonlytwodailyschedulesfromIndianapolistotheothercities(seeExhibit5).



GreyhoundLines,Inc.TodayGreyhoundLines,Inc.operates123routesservingover2,700destinationsacrosstheUnitedStates.1Thisrepresentsanincreaseofapproximately400destinationsacrossthecountrysincethe2009study.However,thisincreaseindestinationsservedisnotreflectedinIndiana.In2009GreyhoundservedthefollowingcitiesintheState:Anderson,Elkhart,Evansville,FortWayne,Gary,Hammond,Indianapolis,Lafayette,SouthBendandTerreHaute.TodaythecarrieroperatesfourroutesthroughIndianaservingonlythecitiesofEvansville,Gary,Indianapolis,Lafayette,SouthBendandTerreHaute(seeExhibit6).Insmalltomid‐sizecitiesGreyhoundbusesstopateitherlocationsoperatedbyanagent(likeaconveniencestoreoranotherbusiness)oratacurbsidestop.Atmostagentoperatedlocations,thestaffcanalsoselltickets.Greyhoundbusesalsostopatstationsbelongingtopartnerbuscompanies.Atmostoftheselocations,representativesareabletosellticketsforGreyhoundroutes.ItshouldbenotedthatGreyhoundhasmadethecorporatedecisiontonolongerpublishinRussell'sGuide.Thecarrier’sscheduletablescanbefoundontheNorthAmericaBusTable(NABT)atthefollowinglink:https://nabtguide.com/andatGreyhound’swebsite.BaronsBusLinesBaronsoperatesthefollowingIndianaroutesthatareaddressedbelowintheExistingSection5311(f)SupportedServicesubsectionofSectionVofthisStudy(seealsoExhibit7).

Liberty‐FortWayneviaRichmond,IndianapolisandMarion FortWayne–GaryviaGoshen,SouthBendandBurnsHarbor Richmond,INtoGaryviaBerne,FortWayne,NappaneeandMichiganCity

BaronsdoesnotoperateanyroutesinIndianathatarenotsupportedwithFTAfunds.

1Wikipedia




MillerTransportationMilleroperatesthefollowingroutesthatareaddressedbelowintheExistingSection5311(f)SupportedServicesubsectionofSectionVofthisStudy(seealsoExhibit8).

Indianapolis‐ElkhartviaKokomo,Peru,Rochester,PlymouthandSouthBend Indianapolis–EvansvilleviaBloomington,Washington,VincennesandPrinceton Indianapolis–MuncieviaIndianapolisInternationalAirport,Pendleton,AndersonandBall

StateUniversity Louisville,KY–EvansvilleviaCorydon,DaleandOwensboro Richmond–GaryviaFortWayneandWarsaw

MilleralsooperatestheroutesnotedbelowthatarenotsupportedwithFTAfunds.

Indianapolis–TerreHauteviaMartinsville,BloomingtonandSpencer Chicago,IL–Louisville,KYviaHammond,Lafayette,IndianapolisandBedford Chicago–Columbus,OHviaSouthBend,FortWayneandRichmond

NotethatBaronsandMillerareaddressedinmoredetailinSectionV.INDOTSection5311(f)Program.

AmtrakThruwayConnections

Amtrakhasfive(5)trainsthattravelthroughIndiana;CapitolLimited,Cardinal,HoosierState,LakeShoreLimited,andWolverine.Table2depictstheIndianaAmtrakstations/stopsandthetrain(s)thatserveeachcitywithvaryingfrequencies.ThesearethesameAmtrakstations/stopsthatoperatedatthetimeofthe2009Study.ThruwayMotorcoachisAmtrak'ssystemofAmtrak‐ownedintercitycoaches,locallycontractedtransitbuses,through‐ticketedlocalbusroutes,andtaxiservicesthatareutilizedtoconnectAmtraktrainstationstoareasnotservedbyitsrailroads.ContractingtheservicewithGreyhoundisthemostcommonlyusedoptionacrossthecountry.TherearetwoAmtrakThruwayBusroutesinIndiana(seeExhibit9).Onerouteoperatesasathrough‐ticketedGreyhoundroutebetweenChicagoandLouisvillewithconnectionstoAmtrakstations/stopsinDyer,Rensselaer,Lafayette,andIndianapolis.Thesecondrouteoperatesasathrough‐ticketedBurlingtonTrailwaysroutebetweenDavenport,IAandIndianapolis,withastopinCrawfordsville.AmtrakandAmtrakThruwayMotorcoachservicesareillustratedinExhibit10whichisamapofAmtrak’sMidwestTrainandThruwayService.ThismapprovidesavisualofhowAmtrak’sIndianaserviceisintegratedintotheremainderofitsMidwestservice.

BaronshasdirectconnectionswithAmtrakinWestVirginiaandhascontemplatedconnectingwiththeirIndianaroutes,butAmtrak’slimitedscheduletimeshavenotallowedthisconnectiontohappen.BaronsoperatesoutoftheGreyhound/AmtrakterminalinIndianapolis,SouthBend(airport),Toledo,OH,andAnnArbor,MI,whileinChicagoBaronsutilizestheGreyhoundstationthat


isonlyone‐halfmilefromtheAmtrakterminal.TheadjustmentofschedulesbyeitherBaronsorAmtrakcouldresultintheseIndianaconnectionsbecomingareality.MillerhasdirectconnectionswithAmtrakthroughoutMichiganincludingDetroitandoperateoutoftheAmtrakStationinPortHuron.ThecarrierhasindicatedthattheyareworkingwithAmtraktooperateservicebetweenNilesandSouthBendandwillpossiblybeenteringapartnershipwithGreyhoundandAmtraktooperateserviceintheAmtrakstationinLafayetteandElkhart.MillernotedthatitservesasathruwaycarrierbetweenLouisville‐ChicagoasanalternativewhenGreyhound’svehicleisatcapacity.

Table2:IndianaAmtrakService

AmtrakStations/Stops ServiceTrainsConnersville CardinalCrawfordsville Cardinal,HoosierStateDyer Cardinal,HoosierStateElkhart CapitalLimited,LakeShoreLimitedHammond WolverineIndianapolis Cardinal,HoosierStateLafayette Cardinal,HoosierStateMichiganCity WolverineRensselaer Cardinal,HoosierStateSouthBend CapitolLimited,LakeShoreLimitedWaterloo CapitalLimited,LakeShoreLimited

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak_Thruway_Motorcoach





ShuttleServicesInIndiana’surbanareastherearenumerousprivateoperatorsthatprovideshuttleservicesbetweencities,airportsanduniversities.OftentheseoperatorsareprovidingservicetoandfromruralareasoftheState.Theseshuttlesprovideavaluabletransportationoptioninmanycommunities,servingasasupplementtotheavailableintercitybusserviceinanarea.Shuttlestypicallyusesmallervehiclesthantraditionalintercitybusservice,suchasvansorminibuses,andfarestendtobehigher.Inmanysituations,suchasthosefoundattheState’scollegesanduniversities,shuttlesprovideservicetoairportsataschedulethatmaybemoreappealingtostudentsthanthatofferedbytheintercitybuscarriers.BelowisaninventoryofprivatelyoperatedshuttleservicesoperatinginIndiana.2Theshuttleservices,includingroutesandstops,aredepictedinExhibit11.

GoExpressTravel‐serviceinbothdirectionsbetweenBloomingtonandIndianapolisairport

andbetweenBloomingtonandChicago‐land. LafayetteLimo,Inc.‐runsbetweenLafayette,WestLafayette,andPurdueandtheIndianapolis

InternationalAirport HoosierShuttle–betweenFortWayne,downtownIndianapolisandIndianapolisInternational

Airport CoachUSA–routefromChicagoO’HaretoChicagoMidway–Crestwood–Highland–South

BendAirport–SouthBend(NotreDame) StarofAmericaShuttleService–BloomingtontoIndianapolisAirport ReindeerShuttle(utilizingMillerbuses)‐fromPurduetoO’Hare,andIndianapolisAirport BallStateUniversityAirportShuttle–BallState(Muncie()toIndianapolisAirport EACShuttle–fromPurdueandUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana–Champaign(UIUC)toO’Hare Catch‐A‐RideTransportationService–FromIndianaUniversitytoChicago‐landandNorthern

Indianaareas(Schaumburg,IL,Oakbrook,IL,Northbrook,ILandMerrillville,IN)

2Wikipedia



IV.FTAINTERCITYBUSPROGRAM‐SECTION5311(F)TheFTASection5311(f)IntercityBusProgram,asubsectionoftheSection5311NonurbanizedAreaRuralProgram,istheprimaryFederalprogramforsupportingintercitybusservices.Section5311fundsareapportionedtothestatesbasedonthenonurbanizedpopulationineachstate.Section5311(f)requiresthat15percentofastate’sannualSection5311apportionmentbeusedtosupportintercitybusserviceunlessthegovernorcertifies,followingconsultationwithaffectedintercitybusproviders,thatallruralintercitybusneedshavebeenadequatelymet.ThestatutoryprovisionfortheGovernor’scertificationimpliesthatastatewideassessmentofcurrentintercitybusserviceandexistingneedshasbeenconducted.Thelegislativehistoryindicatesthattheassessmentofintercitybusneedsmaybemade"relativetootherruralneedsinthestate."Further,astateutilizingtheGovernor’scertificationmustdemonstratethattheassessmentofintercitybusneedswasperformednomorethanfouryearspriortothedateofthecertification.ThisIntercityBusNeedsAssessmentandServiceEvaluationwillmeetthisrequirement.Statesareallowedtosubmitapartialcertificationiflessthan15percentisneededtoprovideintercitybusservice.AllunexpendedSection5311(f)fundsreverttotheSection5311programtosupportotherruraltransitprojects.ItisalsoimportanttonotethattheSection5311programallowsstatestousethecostsofunsubsidizedintercitybusserviceprovidedbyprivateoperatorsasin‐kindmatchforthecostsassociatedwithconnectingruralintercitybusfeederservice,suchasthatoperatedbyBaronsandMiller.INDOTutilizesthisprovisionasanincentiveforintercitybuscarrierstoprovideserviceintheState.


V.INDOTSECTION5311(F)PROGRAMConsistentwiththerecommendationsofthe2009IndianaICBStudy,INDOTspendsallofitsannualSection5311(f)apportionment—over$2.4million—onintercitybusservice.Thefundsareusedentirelytodefrayoperatingcosts,withnofundsmarkedforcapitalexpenditures.INDOTcontractswithBaronsBusLines,MillerTransportation,Inc.,andtheCityofMarionfortheprovisionoftheSection5311(f)supportedservice.ThesethreesubrecipientshaverespondedtoINDOT’ssolicitationofintercitybusapplicationsandhavesubsequentlysubmittedapplicationsthatmeetFTAandINDOTrequirements.Notethatin2009INDOTfundedtwointercitybusprojectswithSection5311(f)funds.TheCityofMarionwasfundedtooperateauser‐sidesubsidyICBservice.Thisservice,asnotedbelow,isstillbeingsupportedwithSection5311(f)funds.ThesecondprojectprovidedfundstoJohnsonCountyforJohnsonCountyAccesstolinkwithIndyGoattheGreenwoodParkMallinIndianapolis.Itwaslaterdeterminedthatthisservicedidnotprovidedirectconnectionstointercitybusroutesandfundingfortheservicewassuspended.Theseprojectsaccountedfor$230,200inSection5311(f)supportin2009.EXISTINGSECTION5311(F)SUPPORTEDSERVICEThefollowinginformationdescribestheSection5311(f)fundedservicesthatarecurrentlyoperatedinIndiana.AnevaluationoftheefficiencyandeffectivenessoftheseservicesisincludedlaterintheStudy.BaronsBusLinesBaronscurrentlyoperatesthree(3)intercityrouteswithSection5311(f)assistance,providingdailytransportationserviceto21locationswithinIndiana.Theroutesinclude: Liberty‐FortWayneviaRichmond,IndianapolisandMarion FortWayne–GaryviaGoshen,SouthBendandBurnsHarbor Richmond,INtoGaryviaBerne,FortWayne,NappaneeandMichiganCityTheroutesprovideserviceto17rurallocationsintheStateplus4urbanareas,coveringover590,000annualmiles.Atotalof101meaningfulconnectionsareprovidedtotheICBnetwork.TheSection5311(f)supportedserviceprovidesanestimated51,000annualtrips.Baronsaccountsforservicetoover40percentofIndiana’sintercitybusstoplocations.Baronshasmadenosignificantstoporschedulechangesfortheseroutesoverthepastthreeyears.ThisStudyused2016datasincethatwasthelastyearofcompletedataavailability.AnyreferencetoBaronsdataisfor2016operations.


LibertytoFortWayneThisrouteoffersdailyservicetoLiberty,Richmond,Greenfield,Indianapolis,Marion,andFortWayne.TherouteextendstoCincinnatiandDetroittoallowforenhancedconnectivitytotheintercitybusnetwork.Theconnectionsoffersignificantlyreducedtraveltimes,creatingbettercustomerexperienceforpassengers.Therouteoffersatotalof35meaningfulconnectionstotheintercitybusnetworkandprovidesapproximately24,000passengertripsperyear.RidershiponthisrouteincreasedoverthepastyearduetoenhancedconnectionstoGreyhoundandlocaltransitagenciesandGreyhounddiscontinuingservicebetweenDetroit‐FortWayne‐Indianapolis.FortWaynetoGaryThisrouteoffersdailyservicetoFortWayne,Ligonier,Goshen,Wakarusa,SouthBend,RollingPrairie,BurnsHarbor,andGary.TherouteextendsbeyondtheIndianabordertoColumbus,OHandChicago,ILtoprovidetheopportunityforriderstotravelwellbeyondtheBaronsoperatingarea.Therouteoffersatotalof34meaningfulconnectionstotheintercitybusnetwork.Approximately13,500passengersutilizethisrouteannually.RichmondtoGaryThisrouteoffersdailyservicetoRichmond,Portland,Berne,Decatur,FortWayne,NewParis,Nappanee,Wakarusa,LaPorte,MichiganCity,BurnsHarbor,andGary.TherouteextendstoColumbusandChicagotoallowforenhancedconnectivitytotheintercitybusnetwork.Therouteprovides32meaningfulconnectionstotheintercitybusnetworktoincreaseridershipandrevenue,thuscreatingamoresustainableproductforIndiana'sintercitybusprogram.Annualridershiponthisrouteisapproximately14,200passengers.AllvehiclesassignedtotheSection5311(f)supportedserviceare2015modelsornewerandareequippedwithseatbelts,ADAaccessibilityequipment,WIFI,poweroutlets,electronicdriverlogs,GPStracking,andvideorecordingequipment.BaronsoffersinterliningserviceswithGreyhoundandoperatesoutofGreyhoundfacilitiesinIndianapolis,SouthBend,Gary,andFortWayne.TheSauconGPStrackingandE‐loggingsystemallowsBaronstomonitorthebusesatalltimes.Thesystemisabletoprovideanalerttoanymalfunctionsinthevehicle,includinglossoftireairpressure,andenablesmessagestobesenttothedriver.RidershiphascontinuedtogrowforBarons’Indianaoperationsinanefforttoproducemoreoperatingrevenue,whichresultsinmakingtheSection5311(f)supportedservicemoresustainable.Baronshascontinueditseffortstoimprovetraveltimeanddecreasethenumberofneededtransfers,whichalsoimpactsroutesustainability.AscanbeseeninTable3,ridershiphascontinuedtoincrease,whichisattributabletoimprovedmarketingandimprovedconnectivitytotheintercitybusnetworkandlocaltransportationservices.Baronsprimarilyusesridershipandon‐timeperformancetomeasurethesuccessofitsintercitybusservice.


Table3:BaronsRidershipbyRoute

Route 2014 2015 2016FortWaynetoGary 13,032 13,109 14,299LibertytoFortWayne 20,830 22,164 23,237RichmondtoGary 11,452 12,678 13,386Total 45,314 47,951 50,922

ThereviewofBaronsvehiclemaintenanceplanindicatedthatthecarrierhasahighstandardofpreventivemaintenanceforitsfleet,closelyfollowingtheOEMmaintenancerequirements.Baronspassesroadsideinspectionsattherateof99.4percent.Thecompanyhasanoutofservicerateof0.0percentfortheMay2014–May2016period,directlyattributabletoitsvigorousvehicleinspectionprogram.Withtheexceptionofwarrantywork,mostvehiclemaintenanceisperformedatfacilitiesinCleveland,Columbus,andCincinnati,OH,respectively.BaronsalsoworkswiththeGreyhoundmaintenancedepartmentinIndianapoliswhenminorrepairsareneeded.Theintercitybuscarriercurrentlyoffersover100“meaningfulconnections”totheintercitybusnetworkonitsthreesubsidizedroutes.Ameaningfulconnectionisanyconnectionwhichismadewithin2.5hoursofabusarrivalandthefollowingbusdeparture.Baronspolicyistoconnectwithasmanylocaltransitsystemsaspossible.Connectionsarecurrentlyavailablewith:

Citilink(FortWayne) FranklinCountyPublicTransportation GoExpress(Bloomington/Indianapolis) INDYGO(Indianapolis) MarionTransit(CityofMarion) RoseviewTransit(Richmond) UnionCountyTransit

Baronsworkscloselywithlocaltransitagenciestoidentifygoodpotentialticketingagentlocations.BaronscurrentlyhasticketingagentsinMarion,Goshen,BurnsHarbor,Richmond,FortWayne,SouthBend,Gary,andIndianapolis.Thecarrierplanstoenhanceitsinterliningticketingwithlocaltransitagencies.PassengerscanpurchaseBaronsBusticketsinthefollowingways: Overtheinternet OverthePhone FromaBaronsBusticketingagent Payingcashtothedriver


Purchasingdirectthruany7‐ElevenStore Fromanyticketingagentacrossthecountry DifferentOnlineVendors(exampleBusBudandWanderu) Kiosks(innearfuture)AllBaronsticketingagentshaveaccesstotheGreyhoundMAXticketingsystemorTranscor,allowingthemaccesstothenationwidebusnetwork.TheTranscorTicketingSolutionisusedforonlineticketsales.

BaronsticketpricingisbasedonamileagebasedpricingindexasshowninTable4.Therearediscountsforadvancepurchases,groups,students,families,seniors,militarypersonnel,andveterans.Forexample,aticketfromIndianapolistoFtWaynewouldbe$25,whileaticketfromIndianapolistoMarionis$20.ItshouldbenotedthatinterliningfaresaredependentonGreyhound’swebsitepricing(https://www.greyhound.com/).

Table4:BaronsMileage‐BasedPricingIndex

Mileage CostPerOne‐WayTicket0‐50 $1051‐75 $1576‐100 $20101‐150 $25150andover $30

Table5:BaronsBusQuarterlyOperatingDataReport,DatedJanuary11,20172016YearEndTotals

DATAITEM ANNUALTOTALPassengerBoardings 50,922TotalVehicleMiles 590,873TotalRevenueMiles 549,296RevenueVehicleHours 13,314GallonsofFuelUsed 94,539NumberofRoadCalls 1PassengerRevenue $822,470TotalOperatingExpense $2,861,616NetOperatingExpense $2,039,146

In2016Baronstransportednearly51,000passengers,whilegeneratingover$820,000inrevenueandincurringover$2.86millioninexpensesoveritsthreesubsidizedroutes(Table5).Thisresultedin$1,019,573inoperatingassistanceandalikeamountofin‐kindmatch,foratotalof$2,039,146inSection5311(f)fundingthroughINDOT.Thetotalsubsidyperpassengerfor2016was$40.04.


For2017,BaronsestimatestheSection5311(f)supportedservicewillproduceapproximately51,000riders,resultingin$787,500inpassengerrevenue.Thecarrieralsoestimatesthat$2,500willbederivedfrompackageexpress,forarevenuetotalof$790,000. ItwasdeterminedthatBaronshasacquiredproperFMCSAoperatingauthority,includingaFMCSAnumberandaDOTnumber.ThecarrierisalsoamemberoftheNationalBusTrafficAssociation(NBTA)whichmakesalltheirroutesandschedulesavailableonline.MillerTransportationDBAHoosierRideMillerTransportationcurrentlyoperatesthefollowingfive(5)routesinIndianaundertheSection5311(f)program:

Indianapolis‐ElkhartviaKokomo,Peru,Rochester,PlymouthandSouthBend Indianapolis–EvansvilleviaBloomington,Washington,VincennesandPrinceton Indianapolis–MuncieviaIndianapolisInternationalAirport,Pendleton,AndersonandMuncie

BallState Louisville,KY–EvansvilleviaCorydon,DaleandOwensboro Richmond–GaryviaFortWayneandWarsaw

IndianapolistoElkhartThisrouteoffersdailyservicetoIndianapolis,Kokomo,Peru,Rochester,Plymouth,SouthBendandElkhart.Theroute,consuming166one‐waymilesinIndiana,providesforapproximately85possibleconnections(roundtrip)tothecountry’sintercitybusnetwork.Therouteprovidesapproximately9,600passengertripsperyear.IndianapolistoEvansvilleDailyserviceisprovidedonthisroutethatoperatesfromIndianapolistoEvansvillewithadditionalstopsinBloomington,Washington,VincennesandPrinceton.Theserviceoperatesalongarouteof156milesthroughIndiana,providing48connectionstodestinationsacrossthecountry.Approximately12,500passengersaretransportedonthisrouteannually.IndianapolistoMuncieThisdailyrouteservesIndianapolis,IndianapolisInternationalAirport,Pendleton,Anderson,BallStateUniversityandMuncie.Therouteoperatesalong193one‐waymilesincentralIndianaandoffersover140connectionsatstopsalongtheroute.Annualridershipontheroutetotalabout6,500passengers.LouisvilletoEvansvilleThissouthernIndianarouteservesCorydon,DaleandEvansvillewith156one‐waymilesinIndiana.Atotalof50connectionsareavailablealongtheroute.Therouteprovidesapproximately6,500passengertripsperyear.


RichmondtoGaryThisroute,withalengthof132miles,servesRichmond,FortWayne,WarsawandGary.Thereareapproximately100connectionsavailablealongtheroutetotheintercitybusnetwork.Therouteproducesabout8,600annualriders.For2018,MillerplanstocombinetheIndianapolis‐TerreHauteandIndianapolis‐EvansvilleroutesandwilloperateviaMartinsville,Bloomington,Spencer,TerreHaute,Vincennes,OaklandandEvansvilleAirport.TheIndianapolis‐MuncieroutewillbecomeanIndianapolis‐FortWaynerouteoperatingviaIndianapolisInternationalAirport,Pendleton,AndersonandBallStateUniversityinMuncie.ThecarrierwillcontinuetheIndianapolis–Elkhart,Louisville‐EvansvilleviaCorydon,DaleandOwensboro,andRichmond–Garyroutesascurrentlyoperated.

Theseroutescurrentlyprovideserviceto26rurallocationsintheStateplus4urbanareas,coveringnearly632,000annualmiles.TheSection5311(f)supportedservicewillprovideanestimated41,000annualtripsin2017.Table6indicatestheridershiponthefivesubsidizedMillerroutesforthepastthreeyears.Millerhasnotedthatthedeclineinridershipfrom2015to2016canbeattributedtothedecreaseingaspricesandschedulechanges.Thecarrieraccountsforservicetoover48percentofIndiana’sintercitybusstoplocations.

Table6:MillerRidershipbyRoute

Route 2014 2015 2016

Indianapolis‐Elkhart 9.602 10,658 9,630

Indianapolis‐Evansville 8,773 13,517 12,489

Indianapolis‐Muncie 5,702 7,533 6,480

Louisville‐Evansville 8,997 10,928 6,449

Richmond‐Gary N/A 5,618 8,592

TOTAL 33,074* 48,254 43,640 *Richmond–GaryroutenotoperatedbyMillerin2014.ThecarrierhasprovidedintercitybusservicesupportedwithSection5311(f)fundssince2010.Theserviceareaisextensive,coveringmostoftheStateofIndiana.ThemajorityofMiller’sroutesoriginatefromIndianapolisandservesomeoftheState’smostpopulousareaswhileservingoutlyingruralareasinanefforttoconnectruralresidentswiththebroaderintercitynetwork.TheHoosierRideserviceextendsasfarnorthasSouthBend,asfarsouthasEvansville,andasfareastasRichmond.In2012LakefrontLineswasacquiredbyCoachUSA,whichwasatthetimeasignificantcompetitortoGreyhoundLines.Subsequently,GreyhoundcancelledallbusterminallicensesagreementswithCoachUSA,whichultimatelyresultedinterminationofintercitybusservicebetweenColumbus,OH


andChicago,IL.MillerbeganoperatingbothroutesbetweenColumbusandChicagowithoutsubsidythroughout2013.In2015Millerprovided1,345,390milesofscheduledintercitybusserviceinIndiana,representingapproximately68percentofthetotalscheduledintercitybusserviceoperatedbyMiller.ItshouldbenotedthatinIndianapolis,MillerstopsatboththedowntownUnionStationandattheIndianapolisInternationalAirport.Milleristheonlycarrierthatstopsattheairport.MillerTransportation,Inc.istheparentcompanyofMillerTransportationBusService,Inc.,thelargestcarrierinIndianapolissincepurchasingSoutheasternTrailwaysin2008.WhileMillerTransportationmaintainsitscorporateofficeandmaintenancefacilityinLouisville,KY,MillerTransportationBusService,Inc.,hasitscorporateofficeandmaintenancefacilityinIndianapolis.MillerconductsallofitsvehiclemaintenanceandinspectionsinhouseateitheritsIndianapolisorLouisvillefacility.ThecarrierhasdetailedwrittenStandardOperatingProceduresforpreventativemaintenance.Milleradherestoastrictpreventivemaintenancescheduleofdallyinspectionsandmileage‐basedinspectionstoensurethateachvehicleisoperatingassafelyandefficientaspossible.Allmaintenanceactivitiesaretrackedandrecorded,includingpreventivemaintenanceaswellasperiodicvehicleinspections.ThecarrieroffersamaintenanceprogramwhichmeetsandexceedsallmanufacturerspecificationsandthoseofFMCSAaswell.ThecarrierhasinterstateauthorityfromtheFMCSAandhasitsFMCSAnumberandDOTnumberpostedonallvehicles.MilleralsohasintrastateauthorityfromtheIndianaDepartmentofRevenue.MillerisamemberoftheNBTAandhasitsschedulespostedintheRussell’sOfficialNationalMotorcoachGuide,includingtheIndianaservicefundedunderSection5311(f).ItshouldbenotedthatcompanyrepresentativeshaveindicatedthatMillerwillbegintomigrateawayfromRussell’sGuideandutilizeNorthAmericanBusTimetables(NABT)toillustrateitsroutesandschedules.ThisisconsistentwithGreyhound’sdecisiontonolongerpublishitsschedulesinRussell’sGuideafter2017.ThecarrierhasinterliningticketingagreementswithGreyhoundandover50additionalcarriers.HoosierRidehas33depots/agencies/stopsinIndianawhichallowspassengerstotravelnationwidewithinaseamlesssystem.Millerhasamarketingplanthatutilizesthewebsitewww.hoosierride.comforthepublictoobtaininformationregardingIndianaserviceandtoremotelypurchaseandprintboardingpasses.Thewebsiteprovideslinkstoexistinginformationsitesandmaterialswhereverpossible.ThenameofHoosierRideforitsIndianaserviceallowsMillertopromotetheservicewitharecognizablebrand.TheHoosierRidewebsitecontainsthefollowinginformation: Dailyschedule Ratesandtickettypes


Travelplanningpagedescribingstops,howtomakereservations,howtoaccessservice,andinstructionsforpassengerswithspecialmobilityneeds

Servicemaptoallowuserstoeasilyidentifytheiroriginanddestination Schedulesandtransferpointsforconnectingintercitybusservices On‐linebookingpagethatallowsuserstopurchaseticketsbycreditcard

Millerhasaservicemapandinformationalbrochurethataredistributedtothepublicthroughthefollowingoutlets:

AllIndianapublictransitagencies GreyhoundLines Localtravelagencies Amtrak Localcolleges/universities Othergeneralpublictransportationproviders

Thecarrieralsousesapromotionalfaretoencourageridershipduringoff‐peakperiods.Thistypicallymeansa30to50percentdiscountonticketssoldduringtheslowesttravelmonths.CurrentticketsaleslocationsinIndianaareinAnderson,Bloomington,Kokomo,Princeton,Richmond,TerreHauteandWarsaw.

AsnotedinTable7,Millerprovidedover43,600passengertripsin2016,whilegeneratingmorethan$960,000inpassengerrevenueandincurringover$2.4millioninexpensesonitsfivesubsidizedroutes.Thisresultedinanoperatingdeficitof$1,464,145.However,thesubsidypaidtoMillerwaslimitedto$1,329,077ascalledforintheapprovedSection5311(f)budget.Thenetcostofservicewas$36.91perpassenger,butduetothebudgetlimitation,theactualsubsidywas$32.77perpassenger.Millerutilizesthemileage‐basedinterliningfarestructuredepictedinTable8.Ridershiponthecarrier’sSection5311(f)supportedservicehascontinuedtoincrease.Millerprimarilyutilizesridership,revenue,andon‐timeperformancetomonitoritsintercitybusroutes.Table9:FrequencyofIndianaIntercityBusServiceincludesallroutesoperatedbyintercitybuscarriersinIndianain2017,bothsubsidizedandunsubsidized.NotetheTableindicatesthatin2017MilleroperatedtheRichmond–Garyrouteassubsidized.In2016theRichmond–Garyroutewasoperatedasunsubsidized,whileIndianapolis‐TerreHautewasoperatedinsubsidizedstatus.FiveMillerrouteswereoperatedassubsidizedin2016and2017.


Table7:MillerTransportationQuarterlyOperatingDataReport,January31,2017,2016YearEndTotals

DATAITEM ANNUALTOTALPassengerBoardings 40,561TotalVehicleMiles 631,920TotalRevenueMiles 602,640RevenueVehicleHours 15,006GallonsofFuelUsed 126,385NumberofRoadCalls 8PassengerRevenue $937,150TotalOperatingExpense $2,401,295NetOperatingExpense $1,464,145

Table8:MillerInterliningMileage‐BasedFareStructure

Mileage CostPerOne‐WayTicket0‐10 $12

11‐20 $1321‐30 $1531‐40 $1741‐50 $1951‐60 $2261‐70 $2571‐80 $2781‐90 $3191‐100 $35

CityofMarionTransitSystem

TheCityofMarioninitiatedtheintercitybususer‐sidesubsidyforresidentsofGrantCountyin1995.TheservicewasinitiallyoperatedinconjunctionwithGreyhound,butmostrecentlyBaronshasbecomeassociatedwiththeservice.Thisuser‐sidesubsidyprogramoffersfarerebatesforupto50percentoftheactualcostofintercityfaresfortripsthateitherinitiateorterminateattheMarionstop.TheCityhascontractedwithTranServicesCorporation(TSC)toadministertheintercityfarerebateprogramsinceitsinception.

FeederservicetotheBaronsintercitystopatMarion'sSR18/l‐69interchangeisprovidedbytheMarionTransitSystem(MTS)viaMTS'CentralMarion/IvyTechrouteonweekdays.Baronsservesa24‐hourconveniencemartlocatedattheSR18/l‐69interchangetwicedaily(Doc'sBP/Amoco).BaronshasareciprocalagreementwithGreyhoundwherebypassengersofBaronsandGreyhoundmaytransferbetweeneachother'sroutesandservices.MarionandGrantCountyresidentsare


servedtwicedailybyBarons'northboundandsouthboundroutesbetweenIndianapolistoFortWayne.OutpatientsofMarion'sVeteransAdministrationHospitalaswellasstudents,elderlyandlow‐incomeindividualsusetheintercitybusservice.TheCityofMarion'sICBFareRebate(User‐SideSubsidy)ProgramisavailabletoallresidentsofGrantCountyandissubsidizedbytheCityofMarionthroughGeneralFundappropriationstotheIntercityFareRebateProgram(25%matchingfunds)aswellas10percentlocalmatchingfundsfortheCity'scorrespondingmodestIntercityRebateProgramAdministrative/MarketingcontractualagreementwithTSC.TSChasbeentheCityofMarion'scontractualtransit‐relatedgrantsadministratorsince1980andhasadministeredtheMarionIntercityFareRebateProgramforitsduration.Todate,over95percentofallUser‐SideSubsidyrecipientshavebeenresidentsoftheCityofMarion.TSChasestablishedaseparatebankaccountsolelyforthisprogramthroughwhichallFTA/PMTF/localmatchingfundspaymentsanddisbursementsflow,includingpaymentstoTSCbytheCityofMarionandpaymentsofalluserside‐subsidy(farerebate)disbursements.ThisseparatebankaccountisexclusivetotheCityofMarion'sintercityuserside‐subsidyandprogramadministration.

Theintercityfarerebateclaimform(userside‐subsidy)isavailablefordownloadonBarons'Marionstopoverpointwebsitelink.Belowaretherequirementsforfarerebateclaimantstoreceivethe50%userside‐subsidy:

Maximumrebate/side‐subsidyis50%ofintercityfarepaid(roundedtonearestwholedollar). Claimantsmustbeadults;rebatesforminorsarepaidtoadultclaimantswhoaccompany

minor(s). MusthaveamailingaddresslocatedinGrantCounty. Passengerreceiptissuedbyintercitycarriermustaccompanyclaimformtoverifyamount

expendedinadvancebypassengerorpurchaseronpassenger'sbehalf. Claimantsforticketspurchasedonbehalfofanon‐relatedpersonmustprovideawritten

explanationofcircumstances/reasonsforsuchrebateclaims.SuchoccursincaseswhereindividualsorsocialserviceagencieslocatedinGrantCountypurchaseintercityticketsforindigentpersonslackingtheresourcestopayforsuchintercityfares.

TSC'sadministrativeactivities/responsibilitiesinclude: Receipt,auditandpaymentofacceptablefarerebateclaims;non‐acceptableclaimsrejected; Monthlyreconciliationofbankstatements;and PreparationofquarterlyreportstoINDOT‐OfficeofTransitfortheapprovalandsubmittalby

theCityofMariontoINDOT‐OfficeofTransit.Attheendofeachfiscalyear,TSCcompilesandsubmitsallFYoriginaldocumentsofTSC'sintercityprogramaccountingrecordstotheMarionCityController'sOfficeforsubsequentauditbytheStateBoardofAccountsandretentionbytheCityController.


TheCityofMarionreceivesapproximately$8,000annuallyinSection5311(f)fundsasreimbursementfortheuser‐sidesubsidiesand$9,600forTSC’smarketingandadministrativeservices.About100‐120passengersaretransportedannuallythroughtheUser‐SideSubsidyprogram.Thisresultsinapproximately$146subsidyperpassengeratthehigherridershiplevel.Whilethisisarelativelyhighsubsidyperpassenger,theamountofexpendedSection5311(f)fundsisminimaltoprovidethistransportationoptionforthecitizensofMarion.

INDIANAINTERCITYBUSSERVICEFREQUENCY

Table9:FrequencyofIndianaIntercityBusServiceCarrier Route Daily

RTs5311(f)Status

IndianaStops

BaronsBusLines

Liberty–Ft.Wayne

1 Subsidized Liberty,Richmond,Greenfield,Indianapolis,Marion,FortWayne

BaronsBusLines

Ft.Wayne‐Gary 1 Subsidized FortWayne,Ligonier,Goshen,Wakarusa,SouthBend,RollingPrairie,BurnsHarbor,Gary

BaronsBusLines

Richmond‐Gary 1 Subsidized Richmond,Portland,Berne,Decatur,FortWayne,NewParis,Nappanee,Wakarusa,LaPorte,MichiganCity,BurnsHarbor,Gary

BurlingtonTrailways

Indianapolis‐Davenport


GreyhoundLines

Chicago–Detroit

3 Unsubsidized Gary,SouthBend

GreyhoundLines

St.Louis–Columbus

4 Unsubsidized TerreHaute,Indianapolis

GreyhoundLines

Chicago–Cincinnati

5 Unsubsidized Gary,Lafayette,Indianapolis

GreyhoundLines

St.Louis‐Nashville

2 Unsubsidized Evansville

IndianTrails Chicago–BentonHarbor

2 Unsubsidized Gary

Megabus Chicago–Indianapolis



Elkhart‐Indianapolis

1 Subsidized Elkhart,SouthBend,Plymouth,Rochester,Peru,Kokomo,Indianapolis


Louisville‐Evansville

1 Subsidized Corydon,Dale,Owensboro,Evansville


Carrier Route DailyRTs

5311(f)Status

IndianaStops


Indianapolis‐Evansville

1 Subsidized Indianapolis,Bloomington,Washington,Vincennes,Princeton,Evansville


Indianapolis–Muncie

2 Subsidized Indianapolis,IndianapolisAirport,Pendleton,Anderson,MuncieBallState,Muncie


Richmond‐Gary 1 Subsidized Richmond,FortWayne,Warsaw,Gary


Indianapolis‐TerreHaute

1 Unsubsidized Indianapolis,Martinsville,Bloomington,Spencer,TerreHaute


Chicago‐Louisville

1 Unsubsidized Hammond,Gary,Merrillville,Lafayette,Indianapolis,Bloomington,Bedford,Orleans,Paoli


Chicago‐Columbus

1 Unsubsidized Gary,SouthBend,Elkhart,FortWayne,Richmond


VI.DATAANALYSIS–INDIANAINTERCITYBUSSERVICEINTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW

ChapterVIisananalysisofdemographicdatarelatedtothedemandforintercitybustransportationinIndiana.Includedinthisanalysisaremappedvisualsofareasandpopulationsthatarebeyonda25mileradiusofanintercitybusstationorstop.BasedonworkbytheBureauofTransportationStatisticsandtheOfficeofU.S.SecretaryofTransportation,areasonablecoverageradiusaroundanintercitybusstationisdefinedas25miles.Thisisthecommonlyusedstandardintheintercitybusindustry.ChapterVIisanassessmenttowhatextenttheState’sexistingintercitybusnetworkmeetsthedemandforserviceacrossIndiana.Includedisananalysisoftransitpropensityusingdemographicfactorsthatrelatetotheoveralldemandforpublictransportation.AlsoconsideredistheevaluationofintercitybusservicecoveragewithrespecttomajortripgeneratorsthatisaddressedinChapterVII.Aspreviouslynoted,accordingtoresearchconductedbytheTransitCooperativeResearchProgram(TCRP),thesetripgeneratorsincludecollegesanduniversities,correctionalinstitutions,medicalfacilities,commercialairports,andmilitarybases.

In2009thereweretwelveICBroutesoperatinginIndiana,withsixoftheroutesoperatedbyGreyhound.NoneoftheseroutesweresupportedwithSection5311(f)funds.Atthetime,therewereonly13ICBstations/stopsinthefollowingmunicipalities:

Anderson; Angola(on‐call); Crawfordsville(limitedservice); Elkhart; Evansville; FortWayne; Gary; Hammond; Indianapolis; Lafayette; Marion; SouthBend;and TerreHaute.

Today,thereareatotalof18ICBroutesoperatingintheState;fourbyGreyhound,onebyBurlingtonTrailways,onebyIndianTrails,onebyMegabus,threebyBarons,andeightbyMiller.Eightoftheseroutesaresubsidized.These18routesservethe46cities/townsnotedinTable10,whichalsoindicatesthecarrier(s)servingthosecities/towns.NotethattherearetwoadditionalstopsinIndianapolisandMuncieattheIndianapolisInternationalAirportandBallStateUniversityrespectively.AngolaandCrawfordsville,bothwithlimitedservice,aretheonlystations/stopsoperatingin2009thatarenotoperatednow.Withanincreaseofsixroutesand33served


stations/stops,Indianahasrealizedasignificantincreaseinintercitybusservicesince2009.In2009therewere48citiesintheStatewithapopulationofover10,000personswithoutICBservice.Today,thenumberofcitiesinthiscategoryhasbeenreducedto25.ThisincreasedlevelofIndianaintercitybusserviceislargelyattributabletotheutilizationofSection5311(f)fundstosupportBarons’threeroutesandfiveroutesoperatedbyMiller.Theabilitytoutilizethein‐kindlocalmatchprovisionintheSection5311(f)programcertainlyencouragedthesecarrierstoprovideadditionalroutecoverage.ItshouldbenotedthatMillerhasalsoinitiatedservicealongthreeroutesforwhichtheyarenotcurrentlycompensatedwithFTAfunds.

Table10:IndianaCitieswithIntercityBusStation/Stop

CITY/TOWN CARRIER(S)Anderson MillerBedford MillerBerne BaronsBloomington MillerBurnsHarbor BaronsCorydon MillerDale MillerDecatur BaronsElkhart MillerEvansville Greyhound,MillerFortWayne Barons,MillerGary Barons,Greyhound,IndianTrails,MillerGoshen BaronsGreenfield BaronsHammond MillerIndianapolis Barons,BurlingtonTrailways,Greyhound,Megabus,MillerIndianapolisAirport MillerKokomo MillerLaPorte BaronsLafayette Greyhound,MillerLiberty BaronsLigonier BaronsMarion BaronsMartinsville MillerMerrillville MillerMichiganCity BaronsMuncie MillerMuncieBallState MillerNappanee BaronsNewParis Barons


CITY/TOWN CARRIER(S)Orleans MillerOwensboro MillerPaoli MillerPendleton MillerPeru MillerPlymouth MillerPortland BaronsPrinceton MillerRichmond Barons,MillerRochester MillerRollingPrairie BaronsSouthBend Barons,Greyhound,MillerSpencer MillerTerreHaute Greyhound,MillerVincennes MillerWakarusa BaronsWarsaw MillerWashington Miller

IDENTIFYINTERCITYBUSCORRIDORSANDPOPULATIONSSERVEDWhileintercitybusserviceisusedbyacrosssectionofthepopulation,the2002TCRPReport79,“EffectiveApproachestoMeetingRuralIntercityBusTransportationNeeds,”describedthefollowingpopulationcharacteristicsofindividualsmorelikelytouseintercitybusservices:

Youth(18‐24yearsold):Oftentheseareenlistedmilitarypersonnelorcollegestudentswithlimitedbudgets,noaccesstoanautomobile,andlivingorstationedfarfromhome;

Elderly(60andabove):Frequently,theelderlyhaveadiminishedabilityordesiretodriveandmaybemorelikelytoneedtovisitdistantmedicalfacilitiesonaregularbasis;

Personslivingbelowthepovertylevel:Personswhoarelesslikelytoownacar,oriftheydo,thecarmaynotbesuitableforlongtrips;

Personsover16withadisability:Agroupthatmaybereliantonaccessiblelocaltransitservicesand,therefore,mayalsoconsiderpublictransitoptionstomakealongtrip;and

Autolesshouseholds:Personswhohavetorelyonalternativemeansoftransportation.Exhibit12isamapdepictingtheState’stotalpopulation.Thehigherpopulatedareasthataregreaterthan25milesfromanintercitybusstation/stoparelocatednearurbanareasincludingnorthandsouthofLafayette,southofTerreHaute,south‐southeastofIndianapolisalongI‐65andUS421,andnortheast‐southwestofFortWayne.


Exhibit13illustratestheareasofIndianawiththehighestpercentageofminoritypopulation.WiththeexceptionoftheareasnorthandwestofLafayette,thehigherconcentrationsofminoritypopulationarelocatedinornearurbanareasandwithin25milesofanintercitybusstationorstop.

Exhibit14depictstheareasoftheStatewiththehighernumberofindividualslivingbelowthepovertylevel.ThisisademographicthatappearstobeequallyconcentratedacrosstheState.Whilemanyoftheseindividualslivewithina25‐mileradiusofanintercitybusstop,therearemanylivingoutsidethisboundary.Theseareasbasicallymirrorthoseareasnotedaboveofthehigherpopulatedareasthatareoutsidethe25‐mileradiusofanintercitybusstation/stop.Exhibit15illustratesthattheareaseastofMartinsvillealongI‐65,theareaoutsideofthe25‐mileradiusoftheLafayetteICBstationandthenortheastcorneroftheStatealongI‐69representthemostsignificantareasoftheStatewithhouseholdslackingavehicle,similartothemapdepictingindividualslivingbelowthepovertyleveloutsideofthe25‐mileradiusofanintercitybusstation/stop.






IDENTIFYPOPULATIONPROXIMITYTOINTERCITYBUSSTATIONSORSTOPSSpatialanalysisoftheIndianaintercitybusnetworkindicatesthatthereisgoodoverallcoverageacrosstheState.AlloftheState’s20mostpopulouscitiesarewithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.However,only25of60Indianacitieswithover10,000populationhaveanintercitybusstation/stopintheirmunicipality.Approximately87percentoftheState’spopulationiswithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.Table11exhibitstheIndianacitieswithapopulationofatleast10,000thathavenointercitybusstation/stopandaregreaterthan25milesfromanintercitybusstation/stopTheareasoftheStatewiththegreatestpopulationwithoutintercitybuscoverageexistseastofMartinsvillealongI‐65andtheareaoutsideofthe25mileradiusoftheLafayetteintercitybusstation.

Table11:IndianaCitiesGreaterThan10,000PopulationWithNo

IntercityBusStation/StopandGreaterThan25MilesFromAStation/Stop

City/Town Population3 BusStation/Stop

>25milesFromStation

Indianapolis 855,164 Yes NoFortWayne 264,488 Yes NoEvansville 119,477 Yes NoSouthBend 101,735 Yes NoCarmel 91,065 No NoFishers 90,127 No NoBloomington 84,465 Yes NoHammond 77,134 Yes NoGary 76,424 Yes NoLafayette 71,782 Yes NoMuncie 69,010 Yes NoTerreHaute 60,852 Yes NoNoblesville 60,183 No NoKokomo 57,799 Yes NoGreenwood 56,545 No NoAnderson 55,130 Yes NoElkhart 52,221 Yes NoMishawaka 48,679 No NoLawrence 47,866 No No

3"AnnualEstimatesoftheResidentPopulationforIncorporatedPlaces:April1,2010toJuly1,2013".UnitedStatesCensusBureau.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22May2014.Retrieved3December2014.


City/Town Population3 BusStation/Stop

>25milesFromStation

Jeffersonville 47,124 No NoColumbus 46,850 No YesWestLafayette 45,872 No NoWestfield 37,221 No NoNewAlbany 36,670 No NoRichmond 35,664 Yes NoPortage 36,505 No NoValparaiso 33,104 No NoGoshen 33,034 Yes NoMichiganCity 31,157 Yes NoCrownPoint 29,176 No NoMarion 28,592 Yes NoEastChicago 28,418 No NoHobart 28,248 No NoFranklin 24,867 No YesLaPorte 21,732 Yes NoGreenfield 21,709 Yes NoSeymour 19,384 No YesShelbyville 19,048 No YesVincennes 17,924 Yes NoLogansport 17,780 No NoNewCastle 17,426 No NoHuntington 17,176 No YesLebanon 16,098 No YesCrawfordsville 16,001 No YesFrankfort 15,951 No YesJasper 15,503 No NoNewHaven 15,384 No NoBeechGrove 14,740 No NoWarsaw 14,662 Yes YesBedford 13,341 Yes NoAuburn 13,052 No YesWashington 12,089 Yes NoMadison 11,985 No YesLakeStation 11,952 No NoConnersville 12,949 No NoGreensburg 11,859 No YesMartinsville 11,669 Yes NoPeru 11,061 Yes NoGreencastle 10,508 No YesWabash 10,253 No No


VII.DEMANDFORINTERCITYBUS(ICB)SERVICEChapterVIIisanassessmentoftheextenttheState’sexistingintercitybusnetworkmeetsthedemandforserviceacrossIndiana.Includedisananalysisoftransitpropensityusingdemographicfactorsthatrelatetotheoveralldemandforpublictransportation.Alsoconsideredistheevaluationofintercitybusservicecoveragewithrespecttomajortripgeneratorsfortheintercitybusindustry.Aspreviouslynoted,accordingtoTransitCooperativeResearchProgram(TCRP)research,thesetripgeneratorsincludecollegesanduniversities,correctionalinstitutions,medicalfacilities,commercialairports,andmilitarybases.

IDENTIFYDEMOGRAPHICFACTORSTHATREFLECTOVERALLNEEDFORICBSERVICES

Exhibit16isamapdepictingtransitpropensityacrosstheState.Determinationoftransitpropensitywasaccomplishedbytakingintoconsiderationminoritypopulation,zerovehiclehouseholds,andpopulationbelowpoverty.Aspreviouslynotedinthereport,thesearepopulationcharacteristicsthatreflectthelikelihoodofindividualsusingICBservices.



Eachblockgroupwasassignedascorebasedonthosethreedemographicfactors.Forexample,ifacensusblockgrouphadahighpercentageofminorities,zerovehiclehouseholds,andpopulationbelowpoverty,thatblockgroupreceivedascoreof9.Highpercentagesreceivedascoreof3,averagescoreda2,andlowreceiveda1foreachfactor.Thetotalscoreforeachblockgroupwascalculatedtodetermineeachblockgroup’stransitpropensityscore.AVeryLowscorereceivedatotalof3points,Low4‐5points,Moderate6points,High7‐8points,andVeryHighreceivedascoreof9.AcalculationwasmadeofthetotalIndianapopulationlivingfurtherthan25milesfromanintercitybusstation.Asaresult,itisdeterminedthatapproximately827,950personsintheStateareoutsidetheintercitybusservicearea.Thisrepresentsapproximately12.6percentoftheState’stotalpopulationof6,568,645,indicatingthatfromapopulationperspective,theStateiswellcoveredbyintercitybusservice.BasedonworkbytheBureauofTransportationStatisticsandtheOfficeofU.S.SecretaryofTransportation,areasonablecoverageradiusaroundanICBstationisdefinedas25miles.Basedonthisspatialanalysis,thecensusblockgroupsinIndianawiththegreatestdemandforintercitybusservicethatarebeyond25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop,areprimarilylocatedinfour(4)areasoftheState:

North/northwestofLafayettealongI‐65 NorthofVincennesalongU.S.41 EastofMartinsvillealongI‐65 EastofPaoliandsouthofINHwy.56

ItshouldbenotedthattherearenoareasinIndianawithaveryhightransitpropensityscoreoutsideofthe25‐mileradiusofanICBstation.

INTERCITYBUSTRIPGENERATORS

Asnotedearlier,researchhasconcludedthatcollegesanduniversities,correctionalinstitutions,medicalfacilities,commercialairports,andmilitarybasesrepresentthegreatestgeneratorsofintercitybusservicedemand.Whileindividualcarownershiphashadamajorimpactonthedeclineofintercitybusridership,theseinstitutionscontinuetogeneratethegreatestnumberofintercitybuspassengers.Tables12‐16includealistofthesetripgeneratorsbycategory,indicatingtheirproximitytoanintercitybusstation.Exhibits17‐21maptheproximityofthesemajortripgeneratorstoanintercitybusstation/stop.Followingisasummaryofthepossibleimpactthesetripgeneratorsmayhaveonintercitybusdemand.Colleges/Universities

Collegesanduniversitiesgenerateintercitybustripsprimarilyfromtheundergraduatestudentpopulationthatliveoncampus.Thesetripsoccurmostlyduringthebeginningandendofschoolbreaksandholidays.Theextenttowhichstudentsmayuseintercitybusserviceasameanstomake


tripstoandfromhomegreatlydependsonthedistancefromthestudent’shometotheclosestbusstationandthedistancefromthecollegeoruniversitytothenearestbusstation.WhiletheaveragedistancefromthehomeofthetypicalIndianacollegestudenttothenearestbusstationcannotbedetermined,thespatialrelationshipoftheState’scollegesanduniversitiestointercitybusstations/stopscanbedetermined.

Table12liststhecollegesanduniversitiesinIndianaandtheirproximitytothenearestbusstation.Exhibit17mapsthelocationofthecampuses.Thereare52,four‐yearcollegesspreadover64campuseslocatedthroughouttheState.Ofthetotal,onlyeightcollegesanduniversitiesarenotwithin10milesofanintercitybusstationbutwithin25milesofanintercitybusstation.Therearesevencollegesanduniversitieslocatedgreaterthan25milesfromanintercitybusstop.Theseinclude:

DePauwUniversity FranklinCollege HanoverCollege HuntingtonUniversity SaintJoseph'sCollege TrineUniversity WabashCollege

Table12:IndianaCollegesandUniversities

Map

Reference College LocationWithin10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

1 AncillaCollege Plymouth X 2 AndersonUniversity Anderson X X 3 BallStateUniversity Muncie X X 4 BethelCollegeMishawaka Mishawaka X X

5BrownMackieCollegeFortWayne

FortWayne X X

6BrownMackieCollegeMichiganCity

MichiganCity X X

7BrownMackieCollegeSouthBend

SouthBend X X

8 ButlerUniversity Indianapolis X X 9 CalumetCollegeofSaintJoseph Whiting X X 10 CrossroadsBibleCollege Indianapolis X X 11 DePauwUniversity Greencastle X12 EarlhamCollege Richmond X X 13 FortisCollegeIndianapolis Indianapolis X 14 FranklinCollege Franklin X


MapReference College Location

Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

15 GoshenCollege Goshen X X

16GraceCollegeandTheologicalSeminary

WinonaLake X X

17 HanoverCollege Hanover X18 HarrisonCollegeAnderson Anderson X X 19 HarrisonCollegeColumbus GroveCity 20 HarrisonCollegeElkhart Elkhart X X 21 HarrisonCollegeEvansville Evansville X X 22 HarrisonCollegeFortWayne FortWayne X X

23HarrisonCollegeIndianapolisEast

Indianapolis X X

24 HarrisonCollegeLafayette Lafayette X X 25 HarrisonCollegeNorthwest Indianapolis X 26 HarrisonCollegeTerrehaute TerreHaute X X 27 HolyCrossCollege NotreDame X X 28 HuntingtonUniversity Huntington X29 IndianaInstituteofTechnology FortWayne X X 30 IndianaStateUniversity TerreHaute X X 31 IndianaUniversityBloomington Bloomington X X 32 IndianaUniversityEast Richmond X X 33 IndianaUniversityKokomo Kokomo X X 34 IndianaUniversityNorthwest Gary X X

35IndianaUniversityPurdueUniversityFortWayne

FortWayne X X

36IndianaUniversityPurdueUniversityIndianapolis

Indianapolis X X

37 IndianaUniversitySouthBend SouthBend X X 38 IndianaUniversitySoutheast NewAlbany X 39 IndianaWesleyanUniversity Marion X X 40 InternationalBusinessCollege FortWayne X X

41InternationalBusinessCollegeIndianapolis

Indianapolis X

42 ManchesterCollegeNorthManchester

X

43 MarianUniversity Indianapolis X X

44 MartinUniversity Indianapolis X X

45 MedTechCollege Greenwood X

46MedTechCollegeFt.WayneCampus

FortWayne X X

47 OaklandCityUniversity OaklandCity X


MapReference College Location

Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

48 PurdueUniversityNorthwest Hammond X X

49 PurdueUniversityMainCampus WestLafayette X X

50RoseHulmanInstituteofTechnology

TerreHaute X X

51 SaintJoseph'sCollege Rensselaer X

52 SaintMary'sCollege NotreDame X X

53 SaintMaryoftheWoodsCollegeWestTerreHaute

X X

54 TaylorUniversity Upland X X

55 TheArtInstituteofIndianapolis Indianapolis X

56 TrineUniversity Angola X

57 UniversityofEvansville Evansville X X

58 UniversityofIndianapolis Indianapolis X X

59 UniversityofNotreDame NotreDame X X

60UniversityofPhoenixIndianapolisCampus

Indianapolis X

61UniversityofSaintFrancisFortWayne

FortWayne X X

62 UniversityofSouthernIndiana Evansville X X

63 ValparaisoUniversity Valparaiso X

64 WabashCollege Crawfordsville X



CorrectionalFacilities Correctionalfacilitiesgeneratearelativelymodestdemandforintercitybusservicefromrelativeswhotakethebusforvisitationwithinmatesandserviceneededwheninmatesarereleasedfromthefacilities.InthecaseofStateorFederalfacilities,bothtypesoftripsmayinvolveintercitytravel,asinmatepopulationsmaynottypicallybelocalresidents.Inplanningruralintercitybusroutes,thepresenceofastateorfederalcorrectionalfacilitymaywarrantastopnearit.Table13liststhecorrectionalfacilitiesinIndianawiththeirproximitytothenearestintercitybusstation.Exhibit18includesamapshowingthelocationsof19Stateand/orFederalcorrectionalfacilitiesinIndiana.Ofthese,sixarebeyond25milesofanintercitybusstation.Theseinclude: EdinburghCorrectionalFacility MadisonCorrectionalFacility(Female) BranchvilleCorrectionalFacility PutnamvilleCorrectionalFacility RockvilleCorrectionalFacility(Female) WabashValleyCorrectionalFacility

Table13:IndianaCorrectionalFacilities

Map

Reference Facility LocationWithin10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

1 ChainO'LakesCorrectionalFacility Albion X 2 EdinburghCorrectionalFacility Edinburgh X3 MadisonCorrectionalFacility(Female) Madison X4 SouthBendCommunityRe‐EntryCenter SouthBend X X 5 HeritageTrailCorrectionalFacility Plainfield X X 6 BranchvilleCorrectionalFacility Branchville X7 CorrectionalIndustrialFacility Pendleton X X 8 NewCastleCorrectionalFacility NewCastle X 9 PlainfieldCorrectionalFacility Plainfield X X 10 PutnamvilleCorrectionalFacility Greencastle X11 RockvilleCorrectionalFacility(Female) Rockville X12 WestvilleCorrectionalFacility Westville X 13 MiamiCorrectionalFacility BunkerHill X 14 WabashValleyCorrectionalFacility Carlisle X15 IndianaStatePrison MichiganCity X X 16 IndianaWomen'sPrison Indianapolis X X 17 PendletonCorrectionalFacility Pendleton X X 19 ReceptionDiagnosticCenter(Male) Plainfield X X

20FederalCorrectionalInstitution,TerreHaute TerreHaute X X



MilitaryBasesSomemilitarybasescanbesignificantdestinationsonintercitybusroutes.Militarybasesserveasageneratorofintercitybustripsprimarilyduetomanymilitarypersonnelnothavingaccesstoaprivatevehiclewhilelivingonbase.Theymayhavetotravellongdistancestoreturnhomeandtypicallyfundsarelimited.Thereare61bases/locationsidentifiedinIndiana.Itshouldbenotedthatanindustryrepresentativestatedthatdespitetheincreaseinindividualcarownershipbymilitarypersonnel,thecarrier"transportslargenumbersofmilitarypersonnelonthemajorpeaktravelperiodsoftheyear,includingThanksgiving,Christmasandotherholidays."

Table14liststhemilitarybases/locationsinIndiana.Asshown,21bases/locationsarelocatedfurtherthan25milesfromanintercitybusstop.Exhibit19includesamapshowingthelocationofthesemilitarybases.

Table14:IndianaMilitaryBases/Locations

Map


Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

1. NavalSurfaceWarfareCenter‐ CraneDivision Crane X

2. IndianaNationalGuard Edinburgh X3. IndianaNationalGuard TerreHaute X X 4. IndianaArmyNationalGuard Lafayette X X 5. CraneArmyAmmunitionActivity Crane X6. IndianaArmyNationalGuard MichiganCity X X

7. IndianaNationalGuard HartfordCity X

8. IndianaNationalGuard Gary X X

9. IndianaNationalGuard Indianapolis X X

10. USArmyDepartment FortWayne X X

11. IndianaArmyNationalGuard Hammond X X

12. IndianaNationalGuard FortWayne X X

13. USMarineCorpsReserve SouthBend X X

14. USMarineCorps Indianapolis X X

15. StateofIndianaArmyNationalGuard SouthBend X X

16. SalemArmory Salem X

17. USArmy NewAlbany X

18. USArmy Charlestown X

19. NationalGuardRecruiting Crawfordsville X

20. IndianaNationalGuard Monticello X

21. GrissomAeroplex BunkerHill X

22. IndianaNationalGuard Linton X

23. IndianaArmyNationalGuard Indianapolis X X


MapReference Facility Location

Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

24. USMarineReserveCenter Peru X X

25. IndianaNationalGuard Holton X

26. IndianaNationalGuard Seymour X

27. USArmyReserve FortWayne X X

28. USArmyReserve Kingsbury X X

29. USArmyReserve Indianapolis X

30. IndianaArmyNationalGuard Vincennes X X

31. IndianaNationalGuard Columbus X

32. IndianaNationalGuard Valparaiso X

33. IndianaNationalGuard Rockville X

34. IndianaNationalGuard Greenfield X X

35. IndianaNationalGuard Washington X X

36. IndianaNationalGuard LaPorte X X

37. IndianaArmyNationalGuard Mishawaka X X

38. USDefenseDepartment TerreHaute X X

39. USArmyDepartment Jeffersonville X X

40. USArmyReserve Merrillville X X

41. IndianaArmyNationalGuard Bloomington X X

42. IndianaNationalGuard Remington X

43. IndianaNationalGuard Connersville X

44. IndianaNationalGuard Rensselaer X

45. NationalGuardArmory Brazil X

46. IndianaNationalGuard TerreHaute X X

47. IndianaNationalGuard Bluffton X

48. IndianaNationalGuard Huntington X

49. IndianaNationalGuard TerreHaute X X

50. IndianaNationalGuard Elwood X

51. USArmyReserveCenter Bloomington X X

52. USCoastGuard‐Auxiliary Jeffersonville X X

53. AirForceReserve Indianapolis X

54. IndianaNationalGuard Frankfort X

55. IndianaNationalGuard Greencastle, X

56. USArmyReserve SouthBend X X

57. USDefenseLogisticsAgency Hammond X X

58. USMilitaryDepartment FortWayne X X

59. ElkhartCivilAirPatrol Elkhart X X

60. NationalGuardArmory Angola X

61. USArmyDepartment FortKnox X



MedicalFacilitiesWhilenotconsideredamajorgeneratorofintercitybustrips,hospitalscanattractintercitybuspassengerswhohaveextendedstaysorfamilyorfriendsthatarevisitingsomeonewithanextendedstay.Thisnormallyrequiresthataconnectionbemadebetweentheintercitybusstationandthehospitalvialocaltransitortaxiservice.Reasonablygoodconnectionsareneededtoconsiderthehospitaladequatelyservedevenifitiswithintenmilesoftheintercitybusstation.Thereare151identifiedmajormedicalfacilitiesthatarelocatedthroughouttheState.Ofthese,81arelocatedwithin10milesofanintercitybusstation,withonly23beinglocatedfartherthan25milesfromastop.Table15liststhesemedicalfacilitiesandtheirproximitytointercitybusstations,whileExhibit20includesamapoftheselocations.

Table15:IndianaMedicalFacilities

Map


Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

1. AdamsMemorialHospital Decatur X X 2. BedfordRegionalMedicalCenter Bedford X X 3. BHCValleVistaHospital Greenwood X 4. BlackfordCommunityHospital HartfordCity X 5. BloomingtonHospitalofOrangeCounty Paoli X X 6. BloomingtonMeadowsHospital Bloomington X X 7. BlufftonRegionalMedicalCenter Bluffton X 8. CameronMemorialCommunityHospital Angola X9. ClarkMemorialHospital Jeffersonville X X 10. ColumbusRegionalHealth Columbus X11. CommunityHospital Munster X X

12. CommunityHospitalofAndersonandMadisonCounty

Anderson X X

13. CommunityHospitalofBremen Bremen X 14. CommunityHospitalEast Indianapolis X X 15. CommunityHospitalNorth Indianapolis X 16. CommunityHospitalSouth Indianapolis X 17. CommunityHowardRegionalHealth Kokomo X X 18. CommunityMentalHealthCenter Lawrenceburg X19. DaviessCommunityHospital Washington X X 20. DeaconessCrossPointeCenter Evansville X X 21. DeaconessGatewayHospital Newburgh X X 22. DeaconessHospital Evansville X X 23. DearbornCountyHospital Lawrenceburg X24. DecaturCountyMemorialHospital Greensburg X



Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

25. DeKalbMemorialHospital Auburn X26. DukesMemorialHospital Peru X X 27. DunnMemorialHospital Bedford X X 28. DupontHospital FortWayne X X 29. ElkhartGeneralHospital Elkhart X X 30. EvansvillePsychiatricChildren'sCenter Evansville X X 31. FairbanksHospital Indianapolis X 32. FayetteMemorialHospitalAssociation Connersville X 33. FloydMemorialHospitalandHealthServices NewAlbany X 34. FourCountyCounselingCenter Logansport X 35. FranciscanHealthCarmel Carmel X 36. FranciscanHealthCrawfordsville Crawfordsville X37. FranciscanHealthCrownPoint CrownPoint X X 38. FranciscanHealthDyer Dyer X 39. FranciscanHealthHammond Hammond X X 40. FranciscanHealthIndianapolis Indianapolis X 41. FranciscanHealthLafayetteCentral Lafayette X X 42. FranciscanHealthLafayetteEast Lafayette X X 43. FranciscanHealthMichiganCity MichiganCity X X 44. FranciscanHealthMooresville Mooresville X 45. FranciscanHealthMunster Munster X X 46. FranciscanHealthRensselaer Rensselaer X47. GibsonGeneralHospital Princeton X X 48. GreeneCountyGeneralHospital Linton X49. GoodSamaritanHospital Vincennes X X 50. GoshenGeneralHospital Goshen X X 51. Grant‐BlackfordMentalHealth Marion X X 52. HamiltonCenter TerreHaute X X 53. HancockRegionalHospital Greenfield X X 54. HarrisonCountyHospital Corydon X X

55. HealthSouthDeaconessRehabilitationHospital

Evansville X X

56. HealthSouthHospitalofTerreHaute TerreHaute X X 57. HeartCenterofIndiana Indianapolis X 58. HendricksRegionalHealth Danville X 59. HenryCountyMemorialHospital NewCastle X 60. IndianaHeartHospital Indianapolis X X 61. IndianaOrthopedicHospital Indianapolis X X 62. IndianaUniversityHealthArnettHospital Lafayette X X

63. IndianaUniversityHealthBallMemorialHospital

Muncie X X



Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

64. IndianaUniversityHealthBloomingtonHospital

Bloomington X X

65. IndianaUniversityHealthLaPorteHospital LaPorte X X

66. IndianaUniversityHealthMethodistHospital

Indianapolis X X

67. IndianaUniversityHealthNorthHospital Carmel X 68. IndianaUniversityHealthStarkeHospital Knox X 69. IndianaUniversityHealthTiptonHospital Tipton X 70. IndianaUniversityHealthWestHospital Avon X X

71. IndianaUniversityHealthUniversityHospital

Indianapolis X X

72. JayCountyHospital Portland X X 73. JohnsonMemorialHospital Franklin X 74. KindredHospital Indianapolis X X

75. King'sDaughtersHospitalandHealthServices

Madison X

76. KosciuskoCommunityHospital Warsaw X X 77. LarueD.CarterMemorialHospital Indianapolis X X 78. LogansportStateHospital Logansport X 79. LutheranHospitalofIndiana FortWayne X X 80. MadisonStateHospital Madison X81. MajorHospital Shelbyville X 82. MargaretMaryCommunityHospital Batesville X83. MarionGeneralHospital Marion X X 84. MedicalCenterofSouthernIndiana Charlestown X 85. MemorialHospital Logansport X 86. MemorialHospitalandHealthCareCenter Jasper X 87. MemorialHospitalofSouthBend SouthBend X X 88. MethodistHospitals‐Gary Gary X X 89. MethodistHospitals‐Merrillville Merrillville X X 90. MichianaBehavioralHealthCenter Plymouth X X 91. MorganHospital&MedicalCenter Martinsville X X 92. NortheasternCenter Auburn X93. OaklawnPsychiatricCenter Goshen X X 94. OtisR.BowenCenterforHumanServices Warsaw X X 95. OurLadyofPeaceHospital Mishawaka X X 96. ParkviewHospitalRandallia FortWayne X X 97. ParkviewHuntingtonHospital Huntington X98. ParkviewLaGrangeHospital LaGrange X 99. ParkviewNobleHospital Kendallville X

100. ParkviewRegionalMedicalCenter FortWayne X



Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

101. ParkviewWhitleyHospital ColumbiaCity X102. PerryCountyMemorialHospital TellCity X 103. PinnacleHospital CrownPoint X X 104. PortageHospital Portage X X 105. PorterRegionalHospital Valparaiso X X 106. PulaskiMemorialHospital Winamac X107. PutnamCountyHospital Greencastle X108. RegencyHospitalofNorthwestIndiana EastChicago X X 109. RehabilitationHospitalofFortWayne FortWayne X X 110. RehabilitationHospitalofIndiana Indianapolis X X 111. ReidHospitalandHealthCareServices Richmond X X 112. RichmondStateHospital Richmond X X 113. RileyHospitalforChildren Indianapolis X X 114. RiverviewHospital Noblesville X 115. RushMemorialHospital Rushville X116. SaintJohn'sHealthSystem Anderson X X 117. SchneckMedicalCenter Seymour X118. ScottCountyMemorialHospital Scottsburg X119. SouthernIndianaRehabilitationHospital NewAlbany X X 120. SouthlakeCenterforMentalHealth Merrillville X X 121. St.CatherineHospital EastChicago X X 122. St.ElizabethAnnSetonHospitalofCarmel Carmel X

123. St.ElizabethAnnSetonHospitalofIndianapolis

Indianapolis X

124. St.JosephHospital FortWayne X X 125. St.JosephHospitalandHealthCenter Kokomo X X 126. St.JosephRegionalMedicalCenter Mishawaka X X 127. St.Joseph'sHospitalofHuntingburg Huntingburg X 128. St.Joseph'sRegionalMedicalCenter Plymouth X X 129. St.MaryMedicalCenter Hobart X X 130. St.Mary'sHospitalandMedicalCenter Evansville X X 131. St.Mary'sWarrickHospital Boonville X 132. St.VincentAndersonRegionalHospital Anderson X X 133. St.VincentCarmelHospital Carmel X 134. St.VincentClayHospital Brazil X 135. St.VincentFrankfortHospital Frankfort X136. St.VincentHospitalandHealthServices Indianapolis X 137. St.VincentJenningsHospital NorthVernon X138. St.VincentMercyHospital Elwood X



Within10Miles

Within25Miles

Outside25Miles

139. St.VincentPediatricRehabilitationCenter Indianapolis X 140. St.VincentRandolphHospital Winchester X 141. St.VincentWilliamsportHospital Williamsport X142. SullivanCountyCommunityHospital Sullivan X143. TerreHauteRegionalHospital TerreHaute X X 144. UnionHospital TerreHaute X X 145. WabashValleyHospital WestLafayette X X 146. WellstoneRegionalHospital Jeffersonville X X 147. WhiteCountyMemorialHospital Monticello X148. Sidney&LoisEskenaziHospital Indianapolis X X 149. WithamHealthServices Lebanon X150. Women'sHospital Newburgh X X 151. WoodlawnHospital Rochester X X



Airports Ridershipwillbegeneratedonintercitybusroutesthatserveairportswithscheduledcommercialairservice.Servicecanbedirectlytotheairportterminalortoatransfercenterenablingpassengerstoreachtheairportwithasingletransfer.TherearesixcommercialairportsinIndiana,allofwhicharelocatedwithintenmilesofanintercitybusstation.AlistoftheairportsandtheirlocationsisshowninTable16.Exhibit21isamapofallcommercialairportsinIndianashowingtheirproximitytointercitybusstations.

Table16:IndianaAirports

Map


1 EvansvilleRegionalAirport Evansville X2 FortWayneInternationalAirport FortWayne X3 IndianapolisInternationalAirport Indianapolis X4 SouthBendInternationalAirport SouthBend X5 Gary/ChicagoInternationalAirport Gary X6 IndianapolisRegionalAirport Greenfield X

Allmajorintercitybustripgenerators,aregenerallywellpositionedrelativetotheirproximitytointercitybusstations/stops.Withatotalof301tripgeneratorsrecognizedinthestudy,only57orabout19percentarelocatedgreaterthan25milesfromanintercitybusstation/stop.TheonlyexceptionismedicalfacilitiesduetothenumberofsuchfacilitiesintheruralareasoftheState.TheState’sruraltransitagencieshelpalleviateintercitybusneedsintheseareasthroughtheirvolumeofout‐of‐countymedicaltrips.



VIII.STAKEHOLDERINPUTOVERVIEWReceivinginputfromvariousstakeholdersisamostimportanttaskintheassessmentoftheState’sICBneedsanddeterminationofhowbesttoutilizeINDOT’sSection5311(f)allocation.Surveyinstrumentsweredevelopedforthreedistinctstakeholdergroups.OnesurveywasdevelopedforintercitybuscarriersoperatingintheStateandanotherfortheState’spublictransportationproviders.Thethirdsurveyinstrumentwasdevelopedforgeneralstakeholdersincludinglocalandregionalplanners,economicdevelopmentrepresentatives,localgovernmentofficials,andcollegesanduniversities.ThesurveyinstrumentscanbefoundinAppendixAofthisStudy.ThesurveysweremadeavailablethroughSurveyMonkey,anonlinesurveyprovider.Stakeholderswereprovidedapproximatelytwotothreeweekstosubmittheirsurveyresponses.Thissectioncontainstheresultsfromthethreesurveys.Atotalof17completedsurveyswerereturnedfromgeneralstakeholders,twofromintercitybuscarriers,and42frompublictransitproviders.Thisratherpoorresponseratefromthegeneralstakeholderscouldbeinterpretedasanindicationthatstakeholdersacrossthestatedonotconsiderintercitybusservicetobeasignificantneedand/orhavelittleinterestinintercitybusservice.Thehigherresponseratefromintercitybusandpublictransitproviderswasanticipatedduetotheirrelationshipwithtransitoperationsasopposedtomostgeneralstakeholders.Whilethesurveycontainedacleardefinitionofintercitybusserviceandprovidedanexampleofsuchservice,severaloftheresponsesseemedtoindicatethatgeneralstakeholdersinparticular,andsomepublictransportationproviders,misunderstoodthedifferencebetweenintercitybusserviceandotherformsofpublic/privatetransportationservices.Insomecases,intercitybusservicewasconfusedwithfixedroutepublictransportationprovidedwithinanurbanarea,suchasIndianapolisorBloomington.Also,someofthesurveyresponsesindicatedthatrespondingstakeholderswerenotawareofintercitybusservicethatiscurrentlyoperatingintheirareaoftheState.INTERCITYBUSCARRIERSBaronsBusandMillerTransportation,Inc.respondedtothesurvey,whileGreyhoundparticipatedviaaconferencecallwithRLSandINDOTstaff.ThecarriersindicatedthatIndianapolis‐Greenwood‐Franklin‐Shelbyville‐GreensburgandSouthBend‐Elkhart‐Shipshewana‐Angola‐ToledoshouldbeconsideredforintercitybusservicealongwithColumbusasastoponGreyhound’sIndianapolis‐Louisvilleroute.Also,itwasnotedthatfeederserviceisneededintheCrawfordsville‐IndianapolisandLogansport‐KokomocorridorstoprovidecitizensaccesstotheState’sintercitybusnetwork.AnotherindicatedthatIndianahasgreatintercitybusservice,butshouldAmtrakservicebetweenIndianapolisandChicagobeterminated,additionalintercitybusservicewouldbeneededtofillthattransportgap.


PUBLICTRANSPORTATIONPROVIDERSWhile37ofthe42respondersindicatedthattheydonotoperateintercityorfeederservices,thefollowingthree(3)agenciesnotedthattheydoprovidesuchservices: SIDC–RideSolution CDCResources HillcroftServices,Inc.Basedonresponsesreceivedfromtheseagencies,itappearstherewasamisunderstandingofthequestionposedinthesurvey.Follow‐upemailsandcallstotheagenciesindicatedthattheagenciesrespondedfromtheperspectiveoftheirtransitsystem’sconnectionswithotherruralandurbantransitsystems.Themajorityofresponsestosurveyquestionsrelatedtopublictransportationasopposedtointercitybusservice.Thefollowingnotableresponsesareintercitybusneedsrelated: Currentlyiftravellingfromeast‐centralIndianatoIndianapolisyoumustrideearlyinthe

morningandreturninlateafternoon Fixedrouteservicefromrurallocationtointercityservices(PoseyCounty) Extendedservicehours/gettingpeopletoColumbus,INandviceversa.(JohnsonCounty) Eveningandweekendbusservice,connectingpeoplefromAndersonandruralareasto

Indianapolis/MarionCountyandMuncie/DelawareCountyTheresponsesreceivedconcerningpublictransportationneedsgenerallyrelatedto:

Transportationforlowincomefamiliestowork Connectingsmallurban/ruralareaswithurbantransitservices ConnectingpublictransitsystemsfortransporttoVAhospitalsandotherhealthcarelocations Extendedservicedays/hours Lackofsufficientfunding Publicknowledgeoflocaltransitsystem Lackofdrivers Moreandnewervehiclesandtechnologyupgrades Publicawarenessandunderstandingoflocaltransitsystem

GENERALSTAKEHOLDERSApproximately53percentofthoserespondingtothegeneralstakeholdersurveyindicatedthatthereareintercitybusneedsintheirareathatarenotbeingmet.Itappearsthismaybeattributedtothesestakeholdersnotfullyunderstandingintercitybusserviceandpossiblynotawareofitsavailability.


ThesurveyaskedresponderstoindicatethevalueofICBserviceoperatingintheirarea,andforthoseareaswithoutintercitybusservice,theperceivedvalueofsuchserviceifitwasinitiated.Thesurveyprovidedoptionsof“notimportant(1),”“somewhatimportant(2),”“important(3),”andveryimportant(4).Responsesindicatedavalueof2.92and2.75respectivelyforthesequestions,fallingbetween‘somewhatimportant”and“important.”

Theresponsesnotedseveralareascurrentlyvoidofintercitybusservicethatwouldbenefitfromconnectionstoexistingservice.Thoseroutesreceivingthegreatestpriorityinclude: Elkhart–Bristol–Middlebury–Shipshewanafordailyworkcommutes Franklin–Indianapolis Peoplefromsurroundingcountiestryingtogettojobs/healthcare/etc.inMarionCounty MuncietoIndianapoliswithconvenienttiming ColumbusIN–Indianapolis Hobart–Chicago TerreHaute–CentralIllinoisregions Louisville–Frankfort–Lexington UniversityofManchester–Wabash–Huntington–FortWayne

Additionalroutescitedaslesserprioritywere: Chicago–Warsaw–Ft.Wayne Franklin–Greenwood Muncie–Anderson ColumbusIN–LouisvilleKY CrownPoint–Chicago Louisville–Indianapolis Muncie–SouthBend ColumbusIN–Bloomington Munster–Chicago Louisville–CincinnatiSeveralofthesurveyresponsesindicatedthatlocalpublictransportationwastheirgreatestneedasopposedtointercitybus.Themostcommonpublictransitneedscitedwere: Moreintermodalfacilitiestoeaseconnections AdditionalservicetoandfrommajorairportssuchasIndianapolisandChicago Extendedservicedays/hours Moreemployment,medicalandeducationaltrips CentralIndiananeedsbettercoordinationamongproviderstonegatesomuchtransferring,

therebyreducingtripdenials MoretransportoptionstotheSouthShoreTrainandChicagofromnorthwesternIndiana


INTERCITYBUSROUTECOVERAGEThefollowingfindingsrelatedtointercitybusroutecoverageinIndianaarebasedontheanalysisofpreviouslydescribeddata: SpatialanalysisoftheIndianaintercitybusnetworkindicatesthatthereisgoodoverall

coverageacrosstheState.AlloftheState’s20mostpopulouscitiesarewithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.However,only25of60Indianacitieswithover10,000populationhaveanintercitybusstation/stopintheirmunicipality.Approximately87percentoftheState’spopulationiswithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.Researchhasindicatedthatformoststateintercitybusprograms,thereisagoalofhaving75‐85percentoftheState’spopulationlivingwithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.Indianahasalreadysurpassedthisthreshold.

TheareasoftheStatewiththegreatestpopulationwithoutintercitybuscoverageexistseastofMartinsvillealongI‐65andtheareaoutsideofthe25‐mileradiusoftheLafayetteintercitybusstation.

TheareanorthandwestofLafayetterepresentstheprimarylocationofminoritypopulationlivingbeyond25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.

TheareaseastofMartinsvillealongI‐65,theareaoutsideofthe25‐mileradiusoftheLafayetteICBstationandthenortheastcorneroftheStatealongI‐69representthemostsignificantareasoftheStatewithhouseholdslackingavehicleandindividualslivingbelowthepovertyleveloutsideofthe25‐mileradiusofanintercitybusstation/stop.

Themajorintercitybustripgenerators,collegesanduniversities,correctionalinstitutions,medicalfacilities,commercialairports,andmilitarybases,aregenerallywellpositionedrelativetotheirproximitytointercitybusstations/stops.Withatotalof301tripgeneratorsrecognizedinthestudy,only57orabout19percentarelocatedgreaterthan25milesfromanintercitybusstation/stop.TheonlyexceptionismedicalfacilitiesduetothenumberofsuchfacilitiesintheruralareasoftheState.TheState’sruraltransitagencieshelpalleviateintercitybusneedsintheseareasthroughtheirvolumeofout‐of‐countymedicaltrips.


IX.EVALUATIONOFSECTION5311(F)FUNDEDROUTESAspreviouslynoted,theavailabilityofSection5311(f)fundshasresultedintheoperationofeight(8)subsidizedintercitybusroutesinIndianaundertheprogram.Indianahassomeadditionalintercitybusneeds,asillustratedinChaptersVIandVII,andprojectsmaybedevelopedinthefuturetoaddresstheseneedsthroughtheSection5311(f)grantsolicitationprocess.Withthepossibilityoffutureadditionalintercitybusprojectsandlimitedfundstomeettheseneeds,alongwithINDOT’sdesiretosupportintercitybusprojectsthatareefficientandeffective,itisimportanttoevaluatethecurrentprojectsandprovideservicestandardsfornewprojectsthatmaybefunded.

Table17:EvaluationofSection5311(f)FundedRoutesBasedon2016Data

Carrier/Route Farebox

RecoveryRatio

BoardingsperTrip

CostPerRider

SubsidyperRiderIncludingIn‐KindMatch

RevenueperMile

BaronsBusFortWayne–Gary

28% 19.59 $48.29 $34.84 $1.20

Liberty–FortWayne

35% 31.83 $47.35 $30.58 $1.88

Richmond–Gary 23% 18.33 $79.83 $61.83 $1.08

Average 29% 23.25 $58.49 $40.04 $1.39

MillerTransportationIndianapolis–Elkhart

56% 13.20 $53.55 $19.77 $2.11

Louisville–Evansville

38% 9.85 $42.41 $26.43 $1.40

Indianapolis–Evansville

43% 12.50 $54.43 $34.09 $1.52

Indianapolis–FortWayne*

18% 5.30 $119.98 $42.86 $0.84

Richmond–Gary 12% 5.05 $92.55 $38.45 $2.23Average 33% 9.18 $59.20 $32.77** $1.62

*In2016MilleroperatedthisroutefromIndianapolistoFortWayne.Beginningin2017therouteterminatedinMuncie.**Netcostperrideris$36.09with$32.77representingsubsidyperriderduetobudgetlimitation.

PERFORMANCESTANDARDSFORINTERCITYBUSSERVICESCurrentlyINDOT’sSection5311(f)programdoesnothaveperformancestandardsinplacetoevaluatefundedprojects.Decisionsonrouterestructuringorterminationislefttothediscretionofthecarrier’sassessmentofridership,revenue,orothercontributingfactors.DiscussionswithBarons


andMiller,thecurrentprovidersofthestate’sSection5311(f)supportedservices,indicatedthatthecarriershaveappliedlimitedperformancestandardstotheiroperations.EachcarrierroutinelycollectsdatathatwouldberequiredtomaintaintypicalperformancemeasuresascalledforinthisStudy.Todate,INDOThasnotreceivedprojectrequestsbeyondthevolumeofavailableSection5311(f)funding.Thismaychangeinthefutureanditwillbeimportanttohavestandardstodetermineprojectsthatmayneedtoberestructuredorterminatedtoallownewprojectstobefunded.Performancestandardsshouldbeestablishedfornewprojectssothatserviceexpectationsareclearlyunderstood.Utilizingperformancemeasurestoevaluatecurrentlyfundedprojectswillserveasameanstoestablishcriteriaforfutureprojectselectionandexpectationsforsupportedroutes,includingfeederconnections.Itshouldbenotedthatintercitybusstandardsaretypicallybasedonrevenuemilesasopposedtorevenuehourswhicharemoreassociatedwithurbantransitoperations.Thisisduetocarriersoperatingatmoreconsistentspeedsandintercitybuscostsarelikelytobedrivenbymilesratherthanservicehours.ThefollowingperformancemeasureshavebeenusedtoevaluatethecurrentSection5311(f)supportedroutes. Fareboxrecovery Boardingspertrip Costpertrip Subsidyperpassenger RevenuepermileItshouldbenotedthatintheirrespectiveQuarterlyOperatingDataReportsandQuarterlyOperatingFinancialStatusReports,bothBaronsandMillerconsolidateallreportingintoasinglereport,withnoinformationprovidedseparatelyforeachsubsidizedroute.ItisstronglyrecommendedthatINDOTrequireQuarterlyOperatingDataReportsandQuarterlyOperatingFinancialStatusReportsforeachSection5311(f)fundedroute.ThatwillenableINDOTstafftoroutinelymonitoreachrouteonaquarterlybasisforefficiencyandeffectiveness.Notethatcostpermile,whichistotaloperatingcostsdividedbyrevenuemiles,isalsoanimportantperformancemeasurement.ItisdiscussedlaterintheCostPerMileAnalysissectionofthisStudy.FareboxRecoveryFareboxrecoveryrepresentstheratiooffareboxrevenuetototaloperatingcosts.Inotherwords,itillustratestowhatextentpassengerspayfortheactualcostoftheservice.Fareboxrecoveryalso,tosomeextent,reflectsthecarrier’sabilitytominimizeoperatingcosts.Routesperformatdifferentlevelsofsuccessforvariousreasons,butprimarilyduetothepopulationdensitythroughwhichtheroutetravels.Typicallyroutesthatoriginateorterminateinalargerurbanarea,suchasIndianapolis,shouldbeexpectedtohavehigherfareboxrevenueascomparedtoroutesthatoperateentirelyinlessdenselypopulatedruralareasoftheState.Researchhas


determinedthatmoststatesestablishatierapproachforthefareboxrecoveryratioanticipatedfromdifferentSection5311(f)fundedroutes.ItisrecommendedthatINDOTutilizethefollowingfareboxrecoveryratiothresholdforSection5311(f)supportedroutes: Minimumof30percentforrouteswithoneendservingIndianapolis Minimumof20percentforallotherroutes Minimumof10percentforfeederservices

BoardingsPerTripItisimportantthatrouteproductivitybemeasuredforintercitybusservices.Boardingspertripisconsideredafairmeasurementofrouteproductivityandiscalculatedbydividingtotalpassengersbytotaltrips.Aswithfareboxrecovery,productivityshouldbehigheronthoseroutesthatservealargeurbanarea,suchasIndianapolis.ResearchconductedaspartofthisStudyhasresultedinthefollowingrecommendedthresholdsforboardingspertrip:

Minimum10percentforrouteswithoneendservingIndianapolis Minimum3percentforallotherroutes,includingfeederservicesCostPerRiderThisperformancemeasure,calculatedbydividingtotalroutecostsbythenumberofriders,isreflectiveoftheextenttowhichthecarrierhasminimizedcosts,alongwiththevolumeofgeneratedridership.Thisisameasurementuseduniversallyinthepublictransportationindustry.Thecostperridershouldnotexceed:

Maximumof$60

SubsidyPerPassengerSubsidyperpassengermeasuresboththevolumeofrevenueperpassengeraswellasthecostperpassenger.Itisdeterminedbysubtractingtheaverageannualrevenueperpassengerfromtheaverageannualcostperpassengerorbydividingthetotalsubsidybythenumberofriders.NotethatintheINDOTIntercityBusProgram,carriersarepermittedtousethein‐kindmatchprovisionwhichdoublesthesubsidyperriderthroughtheSection5311(f)program.Forthepurposeofperformancemeasurement,subsidyperpassengerisconsideredthesubsidywiththein‐kindmatchincluded.Subsidyperpassengershouldnotexceed:

$50perpassenger

RevenuePerMileRevenuepermileistotaloperatingrevenuedividedbyrevenuemiles,whichrepresentsthemilesthatavehicleactuallytravelswhileinrevenueservice.Thismeasurementreflectstheeffectivenessoftheroutefromarevenueperspective.Routesshouldachievearevenuepermileof:


Minimum$0.50permile

EXISTINGSERVICETheaboveperformancemeasuresarerecommendedbasedontheconsultant’sresearchandknowledgeofthecountry’sintercitybusindustry.Withafewexceptions,theState’ssubsidizedroutesareoperatingclosetoorabovetherecommendedlevels.INDOTshouldcontinuetoworkwiththecarrierstoimprovetheperformanceofeachroute.EachoftheseroutesisimportanttotheIndianaintercitybusnetworkandshouldnotbeterminatedwithoutanefforttoimproveitsperformance,unlesstheallocationofSection5311(f)fundsisdecreased.Notethatfornewroutesitisrecognizedthattheselevelsmaynotbeachievedimmediatelyfollowingserviceinitiation.Eachrouteshouldbeevaluatedattheendofthefirstninemonthsandroutesoperatingbelowtheseperformancelevelsatthattimemayneedtobeadjusted,dependingonthelevelofperformance.Itisrecommendedthatcarriersbegiventwoyearstoprovethevalueofaroutebeforeitisterminated.Routesnotmeetingtheselevelsaftertwoyearsshouldbeevaluatedtodetermineifoperationalchangesareneededsuchasschedule,servicefrequency,farestructure,marketingefforts,etc.

Richmond–GaryServiceRichmond–GaryserviceisprovidedbybothBaronsandMiller,withbothroutesreceivingSection5311(f)funding.BaronsservestherouteviaPortland,Berne,Decatur,FortWayne,NewParis,Nappanee,Wakarusa,LaPorte,MichiganCity,andBurnsHarbor.MilleroperatestheirRichmond–GaryrouteviaFortWayneandWarsaw,theonlyruralcommunityservedbytheroute.ThehistoryofthisIndianaintercitybusroutehasevolvedovertheyears.Basedontheconsultant’sunderstanding,itappearsthatLakefrontLineswasoperatingsubsidizedservicebetweenRichmondandGaryandin2012LakefrontLineswaspurchasedbyCoachUSA.GreyhoundterminatedtheirBusTerminalLicenseAgreementsatthattime,andMillerbeganoperatingtheservicewhichwasbeingoperatedbyMegabusandBaronsaswell.MegabusissuedaninjunctionagainstBaronsandBaronsterminatedtheserviceforafewmonthstolitigatetheinjunction.Oncetheinjunctionwaslifted,BaronsbeganoperatingtheroutewithaschedulethatcloselyresembledthatofMiller.Millercontinuedtooperatetheroutewithlimitedsuccess.BaronssubsequentlyreceivedaSection5311(f)granttooperatetheserviceoverasimilarroutetoMiller’s.ThisserviceduplicationresultedintheRichmond‐Garyroutenotbeingverysuccessfulforeithercarrier.ItisrecommendedthatINDOTconsultwithbothBaronsandMillerregardingtheRichmond–GaryroutetoreachanagreementthatisbeneficialtobothcarriersandmaximizestheuseoftheSection5311(f)funds.Itispossiblethatothersubsidizedroutescouldbeaffectedbytheagreement.


COSTPERMILEANALYSIS–BARONSANDMILLERThecostpermilefortheSection5311(f)supportedroutesvariesconsiderablybycarrier.IntheirrespectiveapplicationsforFTAassistance,eachcarrierprovidesaCostPerMileIdentification,whichincludestheoperating,administrative,andcapitalexpenseswhosesumidentifiesthecostpermilechargedbythecarrier.BaronschargesadifferentcostpermilerateforeachoftheirthreeSection5311(f)fundedroutes.Intheir2018intercitybusapplication,Baronsquotedacostpermilerateof$5.37,$4.40and$4.91fortheLiberty–FortWayne,FortWayne–Gary,andRichmond–Garyroutes,respectively.Baronsindicatesthatitusesadifferentcostpermileforeachrouteduetoticketcommissionanddriverwagesbeingdifferentforeachroute.ReviewoftheCostPerMileIdentificationforeachBarons’routeindicatesthatwagesandsalariesvarybyasmuchas$0.15,withthegreatestvariancebeingunderthe“other”lineitemwithavarianceofasmuchas$0.77.Baronsnotesthatthe“other”lineitemincludesBus/VehicleCost,Insurance,TicketCommission,ManagementServiceFee,ProfessionalFees,DrugandAlcoholTesting,BusElectronics,Rent,etc.,severaloftheitemsthatcouldbeidentifiedundertheadministrationandcapitallineitems.Millerutilizesasinglecostpermilerateof$3.80forallitsSection5311(f)supportedroutes.Thecarrier’swagesandsalariesareabouthalfofthatchargedbyBarons,withtheremainderofthecostdifferencecomingfromadministrationandcapitallineitems.FurthercomparisonofthecostpermilestructureofthetwocarrierswouldbecontingentonhavingabreakdownofBarons’“other”expenseslineitem.Greyhound,inanattachmenttoitsin‐kindmatchcommitmentlettersfortheIndianaSection5311(f)routes,indicatesthatthecostpermilerateacrossitsnationalintercitybusnetworkis$4.75.Noinformationisprovidedastohowthisnumberwasderived.Basedontheconsultant’sresearch,itisbelievedthatwhiledifferent,thecostpermileratesforbothBaronsandMillerarereasonable.However,inanefforttoensurethatintercitybusservicessupportedwithSection5311(f)fundingareprovidedascostefficientlyaspossible,INDOTmaywanttoconsiderutilizingabidprocedurefortheroutesitdesirestofundratherthanthecurrentprocedureofsolicitingapplicationsfromthecarriersfortheintercitybusroutestheywouldliketooperatewithSection5311(f)assistance.INTERCITYBUSINDUSTRYTRENDSTheMay2014report,“TheShrinking,RuralIntercityBusNetwork:AProblemofImmobilityforRuralResidentswithoutAutomobilesandPossibleSolutions,”foundthatintercitybusserviceinruralareashadbeenonaseveredeclinesincederegulationin1982.In2007,forthefirsttimeinmorethan40years,thelevelofintercitybusserviceacrossthecountrygrewsignificantly.Thiswaslargelyduetotheemergenceoflow‐cost“curbside”operators,suchasMegabus,providingexpressservicebetweenmajorcities.However,inits2011“ReportonCurbsideMotorcoachSafety,”the


NationalTransportationSafetyBoard(NTSB)foundthattheoversightforthissegmentoftheintercitybusindustryhasoverburdenedFMCSAandstateinvestigators,resultinginthesecarriershavinghigherfatalaccidentanddeathratesandhigherout‐of‐serviceratesresultingfromdriverviolationsascomparedwithconventionalcarriers.Severalofthemoreseriousaccidentshavebeenchronicledinthemediainrecentyears.TheChaddickInstituteforMetropolitanDevelopmentatDePaulUniversityreport,“TheRemakingOfTheMotorCoach:2015YearinReviewofIntercityBusServiceintheUnitedStates,”notedthatcompetitiononthenation’sbusiestrouteshasgrownsharplysince2007althoughadramaticfallinfuelpricesinrecentyearshasintensifiedcompetitionfromprivatevehicles.Thereportalsoindicatedthatmanyofthemostlucrativenewmarketsforexpansionhavealreadybeentapped,encouragingcarrierstofocusonbroadeningtheirappealamongdemographicgroupsthathavebeenreluctanttogiveintercitybustravelatryalongexistingroutes.AmorerecentChaddickInstitutestudy,“RunningExpress:2017OutlookfortheIntercityBusIndustryintheUnitedStates,”indicatesthatrevenuesfrompassengeroperationsappeartobeonanupwardtrajectory,duetosomeextenttoarecentmodestincreaseinthepriceoffuel.ThestudynotesatrendinintercitybustravelhasbeenthegradualexpansionofsubsidizedserviceandtheintegrationofthisserviceintotheGreyhoundnationalnetwork,primarilyduetotheavailabilityofSection5311(f)funds.Alsoaddressedinthestudyisthesignificantrolethatemergingtechnologywillplayintheindustryalongwiththeincreaseofexpressbusserviceinthecountry’smostheavily‐traveledmarkets,suchasChicagotoIndianapolis.


X.CONCLUSIONSANDOBSERVATIONSThesestudyconclusionsandobservationsarebasedontheresearchandfindingsdocumentedthroughouttheStudy.Indianahasmadesomesignificantstridesinitsintercitybusprogramsincethe2009IntercityBusStudywascompleted.TheseconclusionsandobservationsrecognizeINDOT’sprogress,whilealsoindicatingthoseareaswhereeffortsshouldbecontinuedorinitiatedforfutureimprovements. Sincethe2009IntercityBusStudy,GreyhoundhasdecreaseditsIndianaservicefromsixroutes

tofour,withstopsinsixcitiesinsteadoften.

StopsterminatedbysomecarriersarenotservedbyexistingSection5311(f)supportedroutes.

Numerousprivateoperatorsprovideshuttleservicesbetweencities,airportsanduniversitiesprimarilyalongtheBloomington–Indianapolis–Muncie–FortWaynecorridor,theChicago–Lafayette–IndianapoliscorridorandtheChicago–SouthBendcorridor.

Todaythereare18routesserving46cities/towns,anincreasefrom12routesand13Indiana

busstations/stopsservedin2009,primarilyattributabletotheprovisionofSection5311(f)programfunding.

TheStateiswellservedgeographicallywithapproximately87percentoftheState’spopulation

livingwithin25milesofanintercitybusstation/stop.

ThegeneraltrendinridershipisincreasingforBaronswhileMillerexperiencedadecreaseinridershipin2016,particularlyontheIndianapolis–EvansvilleandLouisville–Evansvilleroutes.

Demographicandspatialanalysisindicatesthegreatestdemandforintercitybusserviceis

primarilyinthesefourareasoftheState:

o North/northwestofLafayettealongI‐65o NorthofVincennesalongU.S.41o EastofMartinsvillealongI‐65o EastofPaoliandsouthofINHwy.56

TheState’smajortripgeneratorsarewellservedbyintercitybus.

Richmond–GaryserviceoperatedbybothBaronsandMillerondifferentroutes,appearstobe

aduplicationofservice.

Barons’Richmond–Garyroutelacksproductivitywhichcallsforadditionalmarketingand/orrouterevision.

ThereisserviceduplicationbetweenIndianapolisandBloomingtonbyseveralproviders.


Miller’sIndianapolis–Muncierouteisnotveryproductive–tworoundtripsdailymaynotbeneededaswellasIndianapolisAirportstop(15additionaldeviatedmiles)thatisservedbyotherproviders.

Miller’sIndianapolis–TerreHauterouteiscostlyascomparedtoperformance.

ServiceshouldbeconsideredalongtheIndianapolis–Columbus–Louisvillecorridor.

ColumbusshouldbeconsideredasapossiblestoponGreyhoundroutefromIndianapolistoLouisville.

UnlikeMillerandthenormfortheintercitybusindustryofhavingasinglecostpermileforall

scheduledservices,Baronschargesadifferentratepermileforeachofitsthreesubsidizedroutes.


XI.RECOMMENDATIONSThesestudyrecommendationstakeintoaccounttheconclusionsandobservationsnotedabovealongwiththeconsultant’sresearchanddiscussionswiththeINDOTstaffandSection5311(f)subrecipients.Ingeneral,researchconcludedthatIndianahasgoodoverallintercitybuscoverage,andeffortsshouldcontinuetomaintainandimprovetheState’sintercitybusnetwork.SpecificrecommendationsforINDOTare: ContinueutilizationoftheState’sSection5311(f)apportionmenttoprovideintercitybus

serviceacrossIndiana.

Maintaincoverageoftheintercitybusnetworkofsubsidizedroutes.

Applyperformancemeasurestosubsidizedroutesandmakeservicemodificationsasneededifmeasuresarenotbeingmet,possiblyshiftingresourcestomoreproductiveservicesifwarranted.

InitiatediscussionswithBaronsandMillerregardingserviceduplicationintheirrespective

Richmond–Garyroutes.

RequirecarrierstoinvoiceandreportbyrouteratherthansubmittingaconsolidatedSection5311(f)invoice,QuarterlyOperatingDataReports,andQuarterlyOperatingFinancialStatusReports.

EncourageBaronsandMillertoroutinelyevaluatetheirsubsidizedroutestoensuretheroutesareoperatingasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossibletomaximizeuseoftheSection5411(f)funds.

Requireanannualreportthatincludesridershipandrevenueproducedforeachstoponeach

subsidizedroute.

EncourageBaronstoutilizeasinglecostpermileforallsubsidizedroutes.

IncreasevolumeofmarketingoftheState’sintercitybusservicesinanefforttoincreasethepublic’sawarenessofavailableservices.AminimumoftwopercentofeachSection5311(f)routebudgetshouldbeearmarkedformarketingactivities.

Increasetheuseofsocialmediainanefforttoreachmorepotentialintercitybuspassengers.

UtilizeavailabletechnologysuchasGeneralTransitFeedSpecification(GTFS)andmakeitavailablethroughsuchplatformsasGoogleTransitorGoogleMapstoenhancetherider’sintercitybusexperience.

Installintercitybusstation/stopdirectionalsignageacrosstheStatetoassistthepublicwith

locatingstations/stopswhilealsoservingasmarketingofintercitybusavailability.


Intercitybusstations/stopsshouldbeinspectedtoensurethelocationshavesuchitemsasvisiblesignage,postedschedules,groundtransportationoptions/phonenumbers,andinformationonlocalaccommodations.

Considerconductingasolicitationofbidsforidentifiedintercityroutesratherthanthecurrent

programapplicationformatorretaintheapplicationprocessbutsolicitapplicationsforparticularroutes/corridorsthatareidentifiedbyINDOT,ratherthantheapplicant.

Considerutilizingascaledapproachtoroutesubsidy,withnewservicefundedatahigher

subsidythanexistingroutes.ThiswouldallowsomeSection5311(f)fundstobeavailableforlimitedserviceexpansion.

EncouragetheState’sgeneralpublictransportationoperatorstoprovideruralintercityfeeder

servicestoconnecttotheexistingintercitybusnetwork.AsmallportionofIndiana’sSection5311(f)apportionmentcouldbeusedforthispurpose.


APPENDIXA:SURVEYINSTRUMENTS

INDOT Intercity Bus Providers

The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has contracted with RLS & Associates, Inc. to conduct a study toevaluate intercity bus service in the State of Indiana. INDOT is surveying intercity bus carriers, transportation planners,colleges and universities, human service agencies, and public transportation providers throughout the state to obtainstatewide input. Your feedback is important and your completion of this brief survey by September 8, 2017 would beappreciated. For additional information please contact:

Charles Glover RLS & Associates, Inc.Tel.: 919-971-5668/Email: [email protected]

Name & Title

Organization Name

Address

Address 2

City/Town

State/Province

ZIP/Postal Code

Country

Email Address

Phone Number

1. Contact Information

If you answered yes, please indicate the schedule, stops served, ridership, etc. for each route served.

2. Is your company a provider of scheduled intercity bus service in Indiana?

Yes

No

mailto:[email protected]

No file chosen

3. If you have schedules or other information that can be uploaded, please do so

Choose File

4. Explain how you make information regarding your scheduled service available to the public.

If yes, please identify the corridor(s) and explain the service that you believe should be made available in this area(s).

5. Are there corridors in Indiana that you believe are in need of intercity bus service?

Yes

No

6. Please identify any intercity bus feeder services that you believe are needed to strengthenintercity bus services in specific corridors.

7. Provide any additional comments or suggestions regarding current or needed scheduledintercity bus service in Indiana.

INDOT Intercity Bus Public Transportation Providers



Name & Title

Organization Name

Address

Address 2

City/Town

State/Province

ZIP/Postal Code

Country

Email Address

Phone Number


Intercity bus service is defined as:

"Regularly scheduled bus service for the general public which operates with limited stops over fixed routes connecting twoor more urban areas not in close proximity, which has the capacity for transporting baggage carried by passengers, andwhich makes meaningful connections with scheduled intercity bus service to more distant points, if such service isavailable." Greyhound is an example of an intercity bus carrier.

Feeder service is defined as:

“Public transportation service that is designed to pick up passengers in a certain locality, and transport them to a transferpoint where they can connect with an intercity bus to extend their trip to another stop on the connecting service.”


2. Using the above definition, do you currently have route(s) that can be considered intercity busor feeder service?

Yes

No


3. Please indicate the schedule, stops served, ridership, etc. for the service provided.

No file chosen

4. If you have schedules or other information that can be uploaded, please do so

Choose File

Please explain the connections if applicable.

5. Do your intercity bus routes or feeder services connect with private intercity bus service oneither/both ends of the route?

Yes

No

6. Please list the communities served by your intercity bus or feeder services (as definedabove).

If “Yes,” what are these destinations and/or service expansion needs?

7. Is there a demand for intercity bus service to destinations that you do not currently serve orthe need for expansion of current service?

Yes

No

8. Please identify route(s) by origin/destination pairs that could benefit most from the provisionor improvement of services (e.g., new routes, increased frequency of service on existing runs,evening or weekend service).


If yes, please identify these services?

9. Are there existing intercity and public transportation services in your area that may be facingtermination due to lack of ridership?

Yes

No





10. Including the need for intercity bus services (as defined above), what are the greatest unmetpublic transportation needs in your rural/regional area? (please prioritize)

11. Please describe any intercity bus needs or concerns that you have not addressed in anearlier question.

INDOT Intercity Bus Stakeholders



Name & Title

Organization Name

Address

Address 2

City/Town

State/Province

ZIP/Postal Code

Country

Email Address

Phone Number







2. Do you think there are currently intercity bus needs in your area that are not being met?

Yes

No

Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

3. If you answered Yes to Question 2, please identify three top areas of need byorigin/destination pairs.

4. Including the need for intercity bus services (as defined above), what are the greatest unmetpublic transportation needs in your rural/regional area? (please prioritize)

5. If you are a social service agency/college or university, what percentage of yourclients/students do you estimate currently use intercity bus service?

0 100

Not Important (1) Somewhat Important (2) Important (3) Very Important (4)

Value of Intercity BusService

6. If your area has intercity bus service, on a scale of 1-4, with "1" representing no importanceand "4" representing a high degree of importance, please rank the value of intercity bus servicein your area. (indicate one)

Not Important (1) Somewhat Important (2) Important (3) Very Important (4)

Value of Intercity BusService

7. If your area DOES NOT have intercity bus service, on a scale of 1-4, with "1" representing noimportance and "4" representing a high degree of importance, please rank the value of intercitybus service in your area. (indicate one)

8. Please describe any intercity bus needs or concerns that you have not addressed in anearlier question.

Documents

Indiana Intercity Bus Needs Assessment and Service ... 2017 ICB Study.pdf · 11/01/2017 · The study concludes that Indiana’s intercity bus needs are being substantially met by