Indian Telecommunications Sector full.doc

7/23/2019 Indian Telecommunications Sector full.doc

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PROJECT REPORT

ON

MASTER BUDGET.

MASTER OF COMMERCE

ACCOUNTANCY

PART I (SEMESTER-I)

(2015-2016)

INTERNA ASSESSMENT

AD!ANCE COST ACCOUNTING

SUBMITTED BY"-

NIMES# MA#IDA

RO NO"-2$

%. J. SOMAIYA COEGE OF ARTS & COMMERCE

!IDYA!I#AR (EAST)

AFFIIATED TO UNI!ERSITY OF MUMBAI

1


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%. J. SOMAIYA COEGE OF ARTS & COMMERCE

!IDYA!I#AR (EAST)

CERTIFICATE

(2015-2016).

This is to certify that the project entitled MASTER BUDGET is a

project work done by MASTER NIMES# MA#IDA' RO NO"-2$ in

fulfillment of the requirements for the MCOM ACCOUNTANCY (PART-I)

(SEMESTER-I)during the academic year 2015-2016is the original work done

of the candidate and completed under guidance of CA %INJA JOTA

D*+,: -

P*,: - MUMB!

""##""""" ##"""""""

I+,/* E*,/ E+,/* E*,/

""""""""" """"""""

$Mrs# %onali &eogirikar' $&r# %U&( )*%)

MCOM C/3*+/ P/4*

+


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DECARATION BY STUDENT

!' NIMES# MA#IDA, RO NO"-2$, the student of MCOM

ACCOUNTANCY (P*/+-I) (SEMESTER-I) (2015-2016)hereby declares that !

hae completed the project on MASTER BUDGET under the superision of

the internal guidance of CA. %INJA JOTA#

The information submitted is true and original to best of my knowledge#

Thank you,

*ours faithfully,

.!M/%( M(!&

022 .:-+3

4


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AC%NOEDGEMENT

! would like to thank all the people who helped me in undertaking the study andcompleting the project, by imparting me with aluable information and guidance

that was required at eery stage of my project work#

! would like to thank our principal, D/.SUD#A !YASand M5M

5o-ordinate, for giing me an opportunity and encouragement to prepare the

project#

2ast but not the least, ! would like to thanks my project guide CA

%INJA JOTAfor guiding and helping me throughout the preparation of my

project, right from selection of the topic till its completion#

NIMES# MA#IDA

RO NO"-2$

6


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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

MEANING & DEFINITION OF TELECOMMUNICATION

HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION

EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION OF COMPANIES

LIBERALIZATION & PRIVATIZATION

LIMITATIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study will help those researchers who are doing a research

on service gaps between customers and companies of telecom

brands. Study will examine what company thinking about

customer perception and what actually is delivered by the

customer. A gap between companys promises and delivery can

be seen easily in telecom sector. Level of gap and its reasons will

be analyzed by various methods. n this study have consider

some factor like !rice" #etwork Service" $rand mage and

various %alue Added Services that in&uence a consumer

behavior toward a particular brand. have prepared a structured

'uestionnaire in which di(erent 'uestions will be asked from

respondents in order to know most in&uencing factors that led to

their preferable behavior for a particular brand. The scope of

study is limited to four ma)or players of Telecom industry that

are Airtel. %odafone" $snl" dea.

Study ob)ective is to examine various factors that led to

customers preferable behavior and further their buying behavior

for various telecom products and services. *y study will consider

rural and urban area of +erpzepur ,istt. #ow my study purpose

is to know consumer behavior for these various telecom brands.-onsumers have various choices available to them with di(erent

features and services. #ow how consumers select a particular

brand is a 'uestion of our study. hich factors in&uence there

buying behavior and how they perceive various factors like price"

network service" brand image and %AS while their purchasing

decision.

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have studied about all the marketing aspects and all other

expenses of the company. The /rst few pages talk about the

introduction of the sub)ect and also of the organization. This is

followed by literature review followed by the ob)ectives of thestudy and research methodology. Then comes real part of the

study in which have written all what had analyze through my

011 'uestionnaire /lled by various users of di(erent

telecommunication brand. The last part consists of /ndings"

recommendations" limitations" conclusion and bibliography.

The ob)ectives of the study which undertook is To studyconsumer perception regarding ma)or Telecom $rands w.r.t !rice"

#etwork Service" $rand mage and %alue added services" for this

have used the statistical method of -hi S'uire and presenting it

in very e(ective manners by tables. 2ne of my another ob)ective

was to study and analyze the level of service recovery provided

by ma)or telecom brands" for this have made structure'uestionnaire and interpretation for the same has been done

and also in order to make it more e(ective have used tables

and bar charts.

+rom my study have found that Airtel is the most excellent and

good service provider as 03 out 41 responded believes that the

service of the company is excellent. Then vodafone has also

good rate of excellence as 05 out of 06 respondents rated

%odafone as a good service provider. $ut the idea and $snl are

not under good ratings. 6 respondents of $S#L and 7 of dea

have rated their service provider as !oor. $S#L is found to be

worst service provider from all above as 04 respondents rate it

as a average service provider and 6 as a poor service provider. thas been also found that Airtel is being preferred because of its

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best network service and $rand image as well. here %odafone

is preferred because of its good pricing strategy" network

service" brand image and the most %alue Added Services of the

company. And dea is preferred because of all

above factors. here $snl is preferred the most because of its

low price as compare to its competitors and because of its value

added services as well. $S#L has to concentrate on its customer

care service as most of the respondents are found dissatis/edwith company service. 8ven some of them have called it the

worst customer care service provider in the market. $ut it is also

rated as best company for value of money. So company can be

competitive in the market by )ust investing in their customer

care service. $S#L users also found not satis/ed with the

network service to some extent. So it can also improve it. hope

that my experience with this pro)ect will not only help me in my

future in marketing /eld but also in my current studies.


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Meaning And Defnii!n O"Te#e$!%%ni$ai!n

Telecommunications" also called telecommunication" is the

exchange of information over signi/cant distances by electronic

means. A complete" single telecommunications circuit consists of

two stations" each e'uipped with a transmitter and a receiver.

The transmitter and receiver at any station may be electrical

combined into a single device called 'an($ei)e'. The medium

of signal transmission can be electrical wire or cable 9also known

as :copper;" !*i$a# f+'e or e#e$'!%agnei$ fe#d(. The

free


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a /llip to the radio broadcasting in ndia. Telecommunication in

ndia has greatly been supported by the #SATsystem of the

country" one of the largest domestic satellite systems in the

world. ndia possesses a diversi/ed communications system"which links all parts of the country by telephone" nternet" radio"

television and satellite.

ndian telecom industry underwent a high pace of market

liberalization and growth since the 0331s and now has become

the world?s most competitive and one of the fastest growing

telecom markets. The ndustry has grown over twenty times in

)ust ten years" from under B million subscribers in the year

4110 to over 6C5 million subscribers in the year 4100. ndia has

the world?s second


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HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION/

The 0i(!'1 !" e#e$!%%ni$ai!nbegan with the use

of smoke signalsand drumsin Africa" the Americasand parts

of Asia. n the 0B31s the /rst /xed semaphore systemsemergedin 8uropeI however it was not until the 061s that

electrical telecommunicationsystems started to appear. This

article details the history of telecommunication and the

individuals who helped make telecommunication systems what

they are today. The history of telecommunication is an important

part of the larger history of communication.

#ow let us see how the telecommunication has improved from

the olden days of smoke signals and drums to the new changing

technology of fast internet and mobile phones.

Ea'#1 Te#e$!%%ni$ai!n/

1+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_communication


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8arly telecommunications included smoke signalsand drums.

,rums were used by natives in Africa" #ew Juineaand South

America" and smoke signals in #orth Americaand -hina.

-ontrary to what one might think" these systems were oftenused to do more than merely announce the presence of a camp.

n 0B34" a +rench engineer" -laude -happebuilt the /rst visual

telegraphy 9or semaphore; system between Lilleand !aris. This

was followed by a line from Strasbourgto !aris. n 0B3C" a

Swedish engineer" Abraham 8delcrantzbuilt a 'uite di(erent

system from Stockholmto ,rottningholm. As opposed to

-happe?s system which involved pulleys rotating beams of wood"

8delcrantz?s system relied only upon shutters and was therefore

faster. =owever semaphore as a communication system su(ered

from the need for skilled operators and expensive towers often

at intervals of only ten to thirty kilometers 9six to nineteen

miles;. As a result" the last commercial line was abandoned in0661.

Te#eg'a*0 and Te#e*0!ne/

A very early experiment in electrical telegraphywas an

?electrochemical? telegraph created by the Jermanphysician"

anatomist and inventor Samuel Thomas von SKmmeringin 0613"

based on an earlier" less robust design of 061C

by -atalanpolymathand scientist +rancisco Salv i

-ampillo. $oth their designs employed multiple wires 9up to 7;

in order to visually represent almost all Latin letters and

numerals. Thus" messages could be conveyed electrically up to afew kilometers 9in von SKmmering?s design;" with each of the

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Niclas_Edelcrantzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drottningholmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Thomas_von_S%C3%B6mmeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymathhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Salv%C3%A0_i_Campillohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Salv%C3%A0_i_Campillohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Niclas_Edelcrantzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drottningholmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Thomas_von_S%C3%B6mmeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymathhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Salv%C3%A0_i_Campillohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Salv%C3%A0_i_Campillo


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telegraph receiver?s wires immersed in a separate glass tube of

acid.

The /rst commercial electrical telegraph was constructed

in 8nglandby Sir -harles heatstoneand Sir illiam +othergill

-ooke. t used the de&ection of needles to represent messages

and started operating over twenty


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n 064"@ames Lindsaygave a classroom demonstration

of wireless telegraphyto his students. $y 067C he was able to

demonstrate a transmission across the +irth of

Tayfrom ,undeeto oodhaven" a distance of two miles 9 km;"using water as the transmission medium.

2n *arch 47" 0347" Scottish inventor@ohn Logie $airdpublicly

demonstrated the transmission of moving silhouette pictures at

the London department store Selfridges. n 2ctober 0347" $aird

was successful in obtaining moving pictures

with halftoneshades" which were by most accounts the /rst true

television pictures. This led to a public demonstration of the

improved device on 45 @anuary 0345 again at Selfridges. $aird?s

/rst devices relied upon the #ipkow diskand thus became

known as themechanical television. t formed the basis of semiolicy is adopted#

+;;; &oT becomes a corporation, B%.2

M*=/ P*;,/:"-

There are three types of players in telecom serices:

@ -%tate owned companies $B%.2 and MT.2'

@ ->riate !ndian owned companies $0eliance !nfocomm, Tata Teleserices,'

@ -2 Mobile, %pice 5ommunications'

BSN

n ctober 1, +;;; the &epartment of Telecom perations, Aoernment of !ndia

became a corporation and was renamed Bharat %anchar .igam 2imited $B%.2'#

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B%.2 is now !ndias leading Telecommunications 5ompany and the largest

public sector undertaking# !t has a network of oer 67 million lines coering 7;;;

towns with oer 47 million telephone connections# The state-controlled B%.2

operates basic, cellular $A%M and 5&M' mobile, !nternet and long distanceserices throughout !ndia $e?cept &elhi and Mumbai'# B%.2 will be e?panding

the network in line with the Tenth lan $133+-39'# The aim is to

proide a telephone density of 3#3 per hundred by March +;;9# B%.2, which

became the third operator of A%M mobile serices in most circles, is now

planning to oertake Bharti to become the largest A%M operator in the country#

B%.2 is also the largest operator in the !nternet market, with a share of +1 per

cent of the entire subscriber base#

B#ARTI

/stablished in 137, Bharti has been a pioneering force in the telecom sector with

many firsts and innoations to its credit, ranging from being the first mobile

serice in &elhi, first priate basic telephone serice proider in the country, first!ndian company to proide comprehensie telecom serices outside !ndia in

%eychelles and first priate sector serice proider to launch .ational 2ong

&istance %erices in !ndia# Bharti Tele-)entures 2imited was incorporated on

Culy 9, 1337 for promoting inestments in telecommunications serices# !ts

subsidiaries operate telecom serices across !ndia# Bhartis operations are broadly

handled by two companies: the Mobility group, which handles the mobile

serices in 18 circles out of a total +4 circles across the countryD and the !nfotel

group, which handles the .2&, !2&, fi?ed line, broadband, data, and satellite-

based serices# Together they hae so far deployed around +4,;;; km of optical

fiber cables across the country, coupled with appro?imately 1,7;; nodes, and

presence in around +;; locations# The group has a total customer base of 8#67

million, of which 7#8 million are mobile and 7,;;; fi?ed line customers, as of

Canuary 41, +;;6# !n mobile, Bhartis footprint e?tends across 17 circles# Bharti

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Tele-)enturesE strategic objectie is Fto capitali=e on the growth opportunities the

company beliees are aailable in the !ndian telecommunications market and

consolidate its position to be the leading integrated telecommunications serices

proider in key markets in !ndia, with a focus on proiding mobile sericesG#

MTN

MT.2 was set up on 1st pril 138 by the Aoernment of !ndia to upgrade the

quality of telecom serices, e?pand the telecom network, introduce new serices

and to raise reenue for telecom deelopment needs of !ndias key metros H

&elhi, the political capital, and Mumbai, the business capital# !n the past 19 years,

the company has taken rapid strides to emerge as !ndias leading and one of

sias largest telecom operating companies# The company has also been in the

forefront of 7 technology induction by conerting 1;;I of its telephone

e?change network into the state-of-the-art digital mode# The Aot# of !ndia

currently holds 78#+7I stake in the company# !n the year +;;4-;6, the companyEs

focus would be not only consolidating the gains but also to focus on new areas ofenterprise such as joint entures for projects outside !ndia, entering into national

long distance operation, widening the cellular and 5&M-based J22 customer

base, setting up internet and allied serices on an all !ndia basis# MT.2 has oer

7 million subscribers and 4+3,496 mobile subscribers# Jhile the market for fi?ed

wireline phones is stagnating, MT.2 faces intense competition from the priate

playersKBharti, (utchison and !dea 5ellular, 0eliance !nfocommKin mobile

serices# MT.2 recorded sales of 0s# 8;#+ billion $L1#4 billion' in the year

+;;+-;4, a decline of 7# per cent oer the preious years annual turnoer of 0s#

84#3+ billion#

#UTC#

(utchs presence in !ndia dates back to late 133+, when they worked with localpartners to establish a company licensed to proide mobile telecommunications

+4


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serices in Mumbai# 5ommercial operations began in .oember 1337# Between

+;;; and March +;;6, (utch acquired further operator equity interests or

operating licences# Jith the completion of the acquisition of B>2 Mobile

5ellular 2imited in Canuary +;;8, it now proides mobile serices in 18 of the +4defined licence areas across the country# (utch !ndia has benefited from rapid

and profitable growth in recent years# it had oer 19#7 million customers by the

end of Cune +;;8#

IDEA

!ndian regional operator !&/ 5ellular 2td# has a new ownership structure and

grand designs to become a national player, but in doing so is likely to become a

thorn in the side of 0eliance 5ommunications 2td# !&/ operates in eight

telecom Fcircles,G or regions, in Jestern !ndia, and has receied additional A%M

licenses to e?pand its network into three circles in /astern !ndia -- the first phase

of a major e?pansion plan that it intends to fund through an !>, according to

parent company ditya Birla Aroup #

REIANCE INFOCOMM

0eliance is a L18 billion integrated oil e?ploration to refinery to power and

te?tiles conglomerate $%ource: http:www#ril#comnewsitem+#html'# !t is also an

integrated telecom serice proider with licenses for mobile, fi?ed, domestic long

distance and international serices# 0eliance !nfocomm offers a complete range

of telecom serices, coering mobile and fi?ed line telephony including

broadband, national and international long distance serices, data serices and a

wide range of alue added serices and applications# 0eliance !ndiaMobile, the

first of !nfocommEs initiaties was launched on &ecember +, +;;+# This marked

the beginning of 0elianceEs ision of ushering in a digital reolution in !ndia by

becoming a major catalyst in improing quality of life and changing the face of

+6


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!ndia# 0eliance !nfocomm plans to e?tend its efforts beyond the traditional alue

chain to deelop and deploy telecom solutions for !ndiaEs farmers, businesses,

hospitals, goernment and public sector organi=ations# Until recently, 0eliance

was permitted to proide only Flimited mobilityG serices through its basicserices license# (oweer, it has now acquired a unified access license for 1

circles that permits it to proide the full range of mobile serices# !t has rolled out

its 5&M mobile network and enrolled more than 8 million subscribers in one

year to become the countrys largest mobile operator# !t now wants to increase its

market share and has recently launched pre-paid serices# (aing captured the

oice market, it intends to attack the broadband market#

TATA TEESER!ICES

Tata Teleserices is a part of the L1+ billion Tata Aroup, which has 34 companies,

oer +;;,;;; employees and more than +#4 million shareholders# Tata

Teleserices proides basic $fi?ed line serices', using 5&M technology in si?

circles: Maharashtra $including Mumbai', .ew &elhi, ndhra >radesh, Tamil

.adu, Aujarat, and Narnataka# !t has oer ;;,;;; subscribers# !t has now

migrated to unified access licenses, by paying a 0s# 7#67 billion $L1+; million'

fee, which enables it to proide fully mobile serices as well# The company is

also e?panding its footprint, and has paid 0s# 6#19 billion $L3; million' to &oT

for 11 new licenses under the !U5 $interconnect usage charges' regime# The new

licenses, coupled with the si? circles in which it already operates, irtually gies

the 5&M mobile operator a national footprint that is almost on par with B%.2

and 0eliance !nfocomm# The company hopes to start off serices in these 11 new

circles by ugust +;;6# These circles include Bihar, (aryana, (imachal >radesh,

Nerala, Nolkata, rissa, >unjab, 0ajasthan, Uttar >radesh $/ast' O Jest and

Jest Bengal#

+7


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C4*,: M*/>,+ S9*/,:"-

5ompany Million %ubs I shareB%.2 6;#4 7#

0eliance 8#1 #3Bharti 7#9 #4

MT.2 6#3 9#+

(utchison +#3 6#+

!dea 5ellular +#1 4#;

B>2 1#6 +#1

Tata Teleserices 1#4 1#3

%pice 1#; 1#6

/scotel ;# 1#1


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(e?acom ;#+ ;#4

%hyam Telelink ;#1 ;#+

I+/37+ + C4*,:"-

VODAFONE ESSAR

%odafone 8ssar" previously =utchison 8ssar is a cellular operator

in ndia that covers 4 telecom circles in ndia. ,espite the

oUcial name being %odafone 8ssar" its products are simply

branded %odafone. t o(ers both prepaid and postpaid JS*

cellular phone coverage throughout ndia with good presence in+9


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the metros. %odafone 8ssar provides 4.B7J services based on

311 *=z and 0611 *=z digital JS* technology" o(ering voice

and data services in 4 of the country?s 4 license areas. t is

among the top three JS* mobile operators of ndia.

ONERS#IP

%odafone 8ssar is owned by %odafone 74D" 8ssar Jroup" D

and other ndian nationals" 07D. 2n +ebruary 00" 411B"

%odafoneagreed to ac'uire the controlling interest of 5BD held

by Li Va Shing =oldings in =utch


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of the biggest brand transition exercises in recent times.

%odafone 8ssar is spending somewhere in the region of Ms 471

crores on this high


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services and broadband services. t o(ers its T8L8-2* services

under the Airtel brand and is headed by Sunil $harti *ittal. The

company also provides telephone services and nternet access

over ,SL in 0C circles. t also acts as a carrier for national andinternational long distance communication services. The

company has a submarine cable landing station at -hennai"

which connects the submarine cable connecting -hennai and

Singapore.

The businesses at $harti Airtel have been structured into three

individual strategic business units 9S$Fs; < *obile Services"

Airtel Telemedia Services 8nterprise Services. The mobile

business provides mobile /xed wireless services using JS*

technology across 4 telecom circles while the Airtel Telemedia

Services business o(ers broadband telephone services in 37

cities and has recently launched a ,irect


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B'and(

AIRTEL

Airtel is a brandof telecommunication services in ndiaand SriLanka owned and operated by $harti Airtel. t is the largest

cellular service provider in ndia in terms of number of

subscribers. Services are o(ered under the brand name Airtel>

*obile Services 9using JS*Technology;" $roadband Telephone

Services 9+ixed line" nternet -onnectivity 9,SL; and Leased Line"

Long ,istance Services and 8nterprise Services9Telecommunications -onsulting for corporates;. t has presence

in all 4 circles of the country and covers B0D of the current

population 9as of +Q1B;.

n ,ecember 4116" $harti Airtel rolled out third generation

services in Sri Lanka in association with Singtel. SingTel is a

ma)or player in the J space in Asia. t operates third generation

networks in several markets across Asia. t had been largely

criticised in recent times on its inability to start operation even

two years after its certi/cation and proposed date of launch.

Airtel?s operation in Sri Lanka" known as Airtel Lanka"

commenced operations on the 04th of @anuary 4113.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SingTelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SingTelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Lanka


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Idea Ce###a'

dea -ellular is a wireless telephony company operating in

various states in ndia. t initially started in 0337 as a )oint

venture among the Tatas" Aditya $irla Jroup and ATT by

merging N?ings -ellular?N operating in *adhya !radesh" Fttar

!radesh9F!; est" Ma)asthanandTata -ellularas well as $irla

ATT -ommunications.

nitially having a very limited footprint in the JS* arena" the

ac'uisition of 8scotel in 411C gave dea a truly pan


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with -ingular irelessin 411C" -ingulardecided to sell its 4.3D

stake in dea. This stake was bought by both the Tatas and $irlas

at 05.C7D each.

Tata?s foray into the cellular market with its own subsidiary" Tata

ndicom" a -,*A


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B0a'a San$0a' Niga% Li%ied

$harat Sanchar #igam Limited 9known as $S#L" ndia

-ommunications -orporation Limited; is a public sector

telecommunication company in ndia. t is ndia?s largest

telecommunication company with 4CD market share as on

*arch 0" 4116. ts head'uarters are at $harat Sanchar $hawan"

=arish -handra *athur Lane" @anpath" #ew ,elhi. t has thestatus of *ini Matna" a status assigned to reputed public sector

companies in ndia.

$S#L is ndia?s oldest and largest -ommunication Service

!rovider 9-S!;. -urrently has a customer base of 31 million as of

@une 4116. t has footprints throughout ndia except for the

metropolitan cities of *umbaiand #ew ,elhiwhich are managed

by *T#L. As on *arch 0" 4116$S#L commanded a customer

base of 0.77 million ireline" C.76 million -,*A


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planning an !2 with in 5 months to oXoad 01D to public in the

Ms 11


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LIBERALISATION AND PRIVATISATION

Liberalization of ndian telecommunication in industry started in

0360 when !rime *inister ndira Jandhisigned contractswith Alcatel -Tof +rance to merge with the state owned

Telecom -ompany 9T;" in an e(ort to set up 7"111"111 lines per

year. $ut soon the policy was let down because of political

opposition.O40PAttempts to liberalize the telecommunication

industry were continued by the following government under the

prime


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exchanges in ndia for the /rst time. Sam !itroda had a

signi/cant role as a consultant and adviser in the development

of telecommunication in ndia.

n 0367" the ,epartment of Telecom9,oT; was separated

from ndian !ost Telecommunication ,epartment. ,oT was

responsible for telecom services in entire country until 0365

when *ahanagar Telephone #igam Limited9*T#L; and %idesh

Sanchar #igam Limited9%S#L; were carved out of ,oT to run the

telecom services of metro cities9,elhiand *umbai; and

international long distance operations respectively.

The demand for telephones was ever increasing and in the

0331s ndian government was under increasing pressure to open

up the telecom sector for private investment as a part

of Liberalisation

government had to accept to overcome the severe /scal crisis

and resultant balance of paymentsissue in 0330. -onse'uently"

private investment in the sector of %alue Added Services 9%AS;

was allowed and cellular telecom sector were opened up forcompetition from private investments. t was during this period

that the #arsimha Mao ownership" service and regulation of

telecommunications infrastructure. The policy introduced the

concept of telecommunication for all and its vision was to

expand the telecommunication facilities to all the villages in

ndia. Liberalisation in the basic telecom sector was also

envisaged in this policy. They were also successful in

establishing )oint ventures between state owned telecom

companies and international players. +oreign /rms were eligible

to C3D of the total stake. The multi


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the monopoly of the state owned ,oT and %S#L and to enable

competition in the long distance carrier business which would

help reduce tari(?s and better the economy of the country. The

Mao run government instead liberalised the local services" taking

the opposite political parties into con/dence and assuringforeign involvement in the long distance business after 7 years.

The country was divided into 41 telecommunication circles for

basic telephony and 06 circles for mobile services. These circles

were divided into category A" $ and - depending on the value of

the revenue in each circle. The government threw open the bids

to one private company per circle along with government owned

,oT per circle. +or cellular service two service providers were

allowed per circle and a 07 years licence was given to eachprovider. ,uring all these improvements" the government did

face oppositions from T" ,oT" *T#L" %S#L and other labour

unions" but they managed to keep away from all the hurdles.

n 033B" the government set up TMA 9Telecom Megulatory

Authority of ndia; which reduced the interference of

Jovernment in deciding tari(s and policy making. The politicalpowers changed in 0333 and the new government under the

leadership of Atal $ihari %a)payeewas more pro


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business groups wanted the government to privatise %S#L.

+inally in April 4114" the government decided to cut its stake of

7D to 45D in %S#L and to throw it open for sale to private

enterprises. TATA /nally took 47D stake in %S#L.

This was a gateway to many foreign investors to get entry into

the ndian Telecom *arkets. After *arch 4111" the government

became more liberal in making policies and issuing licences to

private operators. The government further reduced licence fees

for cellular serviceproviders and increased the allowable stake

to BCD for foreign companies. $ecause of all these factors" the

service fees /nally reduced and the call costs were cut greatly

enabling every common middle


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ndia has opted for the use of both the JS* 9global system for

mobile communications;and -,*A 9code


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Telephony

The telephony segment is dominated by private


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Jovernment is working to integrate the whole country in one

telecom circle. +or long distance calls" the area code pre/xed

with a zero is dialled /rst which is then followed by the number

9i.e." to call ,elhi" 100 would be dialled /rst followed by the

phone number;. +or international calls" N11N must be dialled /rstfollowed by the country code" area codeand local phone

number. The country code for ndia is 30. Several international

/bre


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M!+i#e e#e*0!n1

n August 0337" -hief *inister of est $engal" Shri@yoti

$asuushered in the cellphone revolution in ndia by making the

/rst call to Fnion Telecom *inister Sukhram. Sixteen years later

Cth generation services were launched in Volkata.

ith a subscriber base of more than 343 million" the *obile

telecommunications system in ndia is the second largest in the

world and it was thrown open to private players in the 0331s.

JS* was comfortably maintaining its position as the dominantmobile technology with 61D of the mobile subscriber market"

but -,*A seemed to have stabilised its market share at 41D for

the time being. $y *ay 4104 the country had 343 million mobile

subscribers" up from 71 million )ust C1 months earlier. The

mobile market was continuing to expand at an annual rate in

excess of C1D coming into 4101.

The country is divided into multiple zones" called circles 9roughly

along state boundaries;. Jovernment and several private

players run local and long distance telephone services.

-ompetition has caused prices to drop and calls across ndia are

one of the cheapest in the world. The rates are supposed to go

down further with new measures to be taken by the nformation

*inistry. n September 411C" the number of mobile phone

connections crossed the number of /xed0.

64
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyoti_Basuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyoti_Basuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AIR_FM_Tower_Mangalore_0203.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyoti_Basuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyoti_Basu


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The mobile subscriber base has grown by a factor of over a

hundred and thirty" from 7 million subscribers in 4110 to over

343 million subscribers as of *ay 4104. ndia primarily follows

the JS*mobile system" in the 311 *=z band. Mecent operators

also operate in the 0611 *=z band. The dominant playersare Airtel" Meliance nfocomm" %odafone" dea

cellularand $S#L*T#L. There are many smaller players" with

operations in only a few states.

nternational roamingagreements exist between most operators

and many foreign carriers. The government allowed *obile

number portability9*#!; which enables mobile telephone users

to retain their mobile telephone numbers when changing from

one mobile network operator to another. ndia is divided into 44telecom circles.

Telecom circle

Wireline subscriber

base in million(May

2012)

Wireless subscriber

base in million(May

2012)

Teledensity

(September 2014)[2]

Andhra Pradesh 2.33 66.6 81.06

Assam 0.20 14.6 50.41

Bihar & Jharkhand 0.56 62.97 47.66

Delhi 2.9 42.95 232.22

!"ara# & Daman &

Di!1.82 54.32 93.34

$ar%ana 0.59 23.00 80.31

$imahal Pradesh 0.30 7.41 109.55

66
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharti_Airtelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Infocommhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idea_cellular&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idea_cellular&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTNLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharti_Airtelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Infocommhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idea_cellular&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idea_cellular&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTNLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portability


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Telecom circle

Wireline subscriber

base in million(May

2012)

Wireless subscriber

base in million(May

2012)

Teledensity

(September 2014)[2]

Jamm! and 'ashmir 0.20 6.57 69.98

'arna#aka 2.48 56.63 94.20

'erala &

(akshad)ee*3.18 34.51 95.96

'+lka#a,inl!din- es#

Ben-al /1.18 25.25 73.0

adh%a Pradesh &

hha##is-arh1.13 53.30 57.04

aharash#ra & +a

,inl!din- !mai /2.64 71.00 92.20

!mai 3.0 35.93 +# aailale

+r#h as# ** 0.25 8.76 72.00

rissa 0.40 26.27 63.41

P!n"a 1.44 31.17 103.49

a"as#han 1.14 49.52 76.18

67
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#cite_note-trai.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#endnote_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#endnote_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#endnote_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#ref_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#cite_note-trai.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#endnote_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#endnote_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India#ref_leg


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Telecom circle

Wireline subscriber

base in million(May

2012)

Wireless subscriber

base in million(May

2012)

Teledensity

(September 2014)[2]

amil ad!,inl!din-

hennai sine 2005/3.16 78.96 114.71

:##ar Pradesh,as#/ 1.20 77.74 58.09,+mined/

:##ar Pradesh,es#/ &

:##arakhand

0.79 55.12 58.09,+mined/

es# Ben-al,inl!din-

'+lka#a/0.62 46.79

73.40

34!opulation statistics are available state


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I+,/,+

The history of the nternet in ndia started with launch of

services by %S#Lon 07 August 0337. They were able to add

about 01"111 nternet users within 5 months. =owever" for the

next 01 years the nternet experience in the country remained

less attractive with narrow


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market share to other non


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per cent of the broadband connections in the country are in the

top 1 cities. Megulators have tried to boost the growth of

broadband in rural areas by promoting higher investment in rural

infrastructure and establishing subsidized tari(s for rural

subscribers under the obligation scheme of the ndiangovernment.

As of *ay 410C" the nternet was delivered to ndia mainly by 3

di(erent undersea /bers" including S8A


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ndian ecommerce ndustry in 410C> 9:: Bi##i!n

ndian ecommerce ndustry in 4106> 9;7 Bi##i!n

Mobile Internet Users

#o. of nternet users in ndia in 410C> :6< Mi##i!n

8commerce sales through mobile phone in ndia in 410C> 5=>

2i'e#e(( Ine'ne

4nd Jeneration nternetis the most prevalent in ndia in the !ast,ecade. ireless S!s in ndia useboth -,*Aand 8dgetechnologies for 4J.

ndia?s wireless nternet fre'uencies are>

4J > JS* 311 *=z" JS* 0611 *=z

J > F*TS 4011 *=z CJ >T,


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R,?7*+/; E/,+

LM#8asia?s Telecommunications Megulatory 8nvironment 9TM8;index" which summarizes stakeholders? perception on certain

TM8 dimensions" provides insight into how conducive theenvironment is for further development and progress. The mostrecent survey was conducted in @uly 4116 in eight Asian

countries" including $angladesh" ndia" ndonesia" Sri Lanka"*aldives" !akistan" Thailand" and the !hilippines. The toolmeasured seven dimensions> i; market entryI ii; access to scarceresourcesI iii; interconnectionI iv; tari( regulationI v; anti3 8 :,/, ;7 9*,

!articular No" o# respondents

>re->aid 84

>ost->aid 16

8;


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Ine'*'eai!n/ @ Above data shows that most of therespondents in the area have pre


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I+,/4/,+*+"- +rom the graphic it depict that Airtel is the most

excellent and good service provider as 03 out 41 responded

believes that the service of the company is excellent. Then

vodafone has also good rate of excellence as 05 out of 06respondents rated %odafone as a good service provider. $ut the

idea and $snl are not under good ratings. 6 respondents of $S#L

and 7 of dea have rated their service provider as !oor. $S#L is

found to be worst service provider from all above as 04

respondents rate it as a average service provider and 6 as a

poor service provider.

"- R*> +9, 8? 8*+/: 99 87,,3 ;7 +9, :+ + rice factor is not the most influencing factor for the purchase of Telecom serice#

(;: - >rice factor is the most influencing factor for the purchase of Telecom serice#

B/*3: P/, N,+/> B/*3 !AS E4,+,3

8+


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S,/, I*?, *7,:

irtel 18 6 +7

)odafone 9 6 4 8 +7

!dea 8 9 4 1; +7

Bsnl ++ 1; +7

5hi square alue: 8#;47 Table alue: 7#331

Ine'*'eai!n !" C0i/ @ As the 37D level of con/dence -his'uare value 5.17 is more than the table value 7.330" so the

null hypothesis is re)ected" it means !rice factor is the most

in&uencing factor for the purchase of Telecom service.

Ine'*'eai!n/@ Above data analysis shows that Airtel is being

preferred because of its best network service and $rand imageas well. here %odafone is preferred because of its good pricing

strategy" network service" brand image and the most %alue

Added Services of the company. And dea is preferred because of

all above factors. here $snl is preferred the most because of its

low price as compare to its competitors and because of its value

added services as well.

5- R*> +9, 8? !AS 99 *++/*+,3 ;7 +9, :+ +


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!nternet %erice 1+ 1


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Ine'*'eai!n/@ Above table analysis depicts that most of the

users are using their telecom service from last one year. Some of

the users are also using it from last year" where ma)ority of the

users are $S#L connection holders. *ost of the users of the

%ideophone are using it from last 5 months. %ery fewrespondents are a new users of their services that let our study

not vague.

H"- O,/*' 9 :*+:8,3 */, ;7' +9 ,+/> :,/, 8 ;7/ 4*;

B/*3: !,/;

S*+:8,3

S*+:8,3 N,7+/* D::*+:8; !,/;

D::*+:8;

irtel 9 14

)odafone 4 16 1

87


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!dea + +4 +

B%.2 + 1 8

Ine'*'eai!n/ @ Above table data analysis shows that the

satisfaction rate of network service is leaded by Airtel as not a

single user of service is neutral or dissatisfy. And vodafonenetwork service satisfaction rate is also good. And it can be also

found that $S#L network service is not good as compare to

others competitors as 0C respondents are found to be not

satis/ed with the company network service.

"- # 73 ;7 /*+, +9, :,/,: *7, 8/ ,;

B/*3: E,,+ G3 F*/ P/ N+ S7/,

irtel 8 16

)odafone 4 1; 7

!dea + +; 8

Bsnl 3 +6 1

88


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I+,/4/,+*+" - Above data and chart analysis depicts that $S#L has

the highest rating of %alue for money as persons out C has

rated it as a excellent and good service provider. Then dea

-ompany is following $snl as a best service provider for value

for money. 2ther two players Airtel and %odafone has similar

performance approximately. $oth has been rated good and

excellent" where good has been rated more as compare to other

options.

$"- 9*+ >3 8 4/eople do not contact customer care mostly for actiation and deactiation of the serice

(1: - >eople contact customer care mostly for actiation and deactiation of the serice

B/*3: B?

R,*+,3

A+*+@

D,*+*+

I8/*+

8 !ASK:

N,+/>

P/


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!dea 8 1+ 7 4 +7

Bsnl 8 11 14 +7

5hi square alue: 3#471 Table alue: 9#17

Ine'*'eai!n !" C0i/@ As the 37D level of con/dence -hi

s'uare value 3.70 is more than the table value B.607" so the

null hypothesis is re)ected" it means !eople contact customercare mostly for activation and deactivation of the service.

I+,/4/,+*+" - +rom the above data analysis it has been found

that most of the users of telecommunication contact to their

customers care for activation and deactivation of various

services. Then they also contact for information about various

value added services provider by companies like validity" call

rates" sms pack" caller tones etc. #etwork service has been

found a problem of mainly $S#L users and to some extent of

dea users as well.

10"- I +9>? *


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B/*3: !,/;

S*+:8,3

S*+:8,3 N,7+/* D::*+:8; !,/;

D::*+:8;

irtel 16 8

)odafone 4 1+ 4

!dea 1 11 8 4 9

Bsnl + 4 9 ++

5hi square alue: 11#164 Table alue: 3#6

Ine'*'eai!n !" C0i/@ As the 37D level of con/dence -his'uare value 00.0C is more than the table value 3.C66" so thenull hypothesis is re)ected" it means Airtel is the best serviceprovider of customer care service in the industry.

I+,/4/,+*+"- +rom the above data interpretation we can

conclude that Airtel is the best service provider of customer careservice. As it has been also found in some of the article that

Airtel is expending more on its customer care service as

compare to other competitors in the market. The %odafone

service is also satisfactory as most of the users has rated it as

satis/ed service provider. $ut $snl is to be found as a not

satisfactory service provider. *ost of the users said that they

have not talk to their customer care service provider even for a

single time.

11"- # :*+:8,3 */, ;7 +9 +9, 4/,:: 8 ?,++? ;7/ L7,/,: /,:,3

B/*3: !,/; S*+:8,3 N,7+/* D::*+:8; !,/;

83


70/76

S*+:8,3 D::*+:8;

irtel 1+

)odafone + 1+ 4

!dea 1 11 8 +

Bsnl 4 4 3 13

Ine'*'eai!n/ @ +rom above data analysis we can say that

most of the users" who are satis/ed with their customer care

service" are also satis/ed with the process of getting their

'ueries resolved. Airtel again has been rated as the best service

provider for getting 'ueries resolved. Mesults are similar

approximately with the 01


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)odafone 1;

!dea + 1+ 16

Bsnl +; 1+ +

Ine'*'eai!n/ @ Above data analysis shows that most of theusers of all companies found their customer service providercourteous. $ut the result of $S#L is not good as the users saythat they have not talk to their customer care service providereven for a single time. Some of them have talk but after a lot ofwaiting time. So they are found not satis/ed and rated this'uestion also as dissatis/ed. So after studying their views with apersonal discussion we can not say that the customer carerepresentatives of $S#L are not courteous.

1"- T9, 7:+,/ :,/, /,4/,:,+*+, *: ,/; >,3?,*


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Bsnl +; 1+ +

Ine'*'eai!n/ @ Above data analysis shows that most of theusers of all companies found their customer service providerknowledgeable. $ut the result of $S#L is again not good as theusers say that they have not talk to their customer care serviceprovider even for a single time. Some of them have talk but aftera lot of waiting time. So they are found not satis/ed and ratedthis 'uestion also as dissatis/ed. So after studying their views

with a personal discussion we can not say that the customercare representatives of $S#L are not knowledgeable. $ut onemore /nding is there in that 'uestion that dea is not perfect inhiring best personnel for customer care representatives as 6users are neutral for this 'uestion reply.

1"- T9, *+? +, 8/ 9*? ; L7,:+: *33/,::,3 *: :*+:8*+/;.

B/*3: S+/?;

D:*?/,,

S,9*+

D:*?/,,

N,7+/* S,9*+

A?/,,

S+/?;

A?/,,

irtel + 1

)odafone 4 17

!dea 7 17

Bsnl +; 1+ +

9+


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I+,/4/,+*+" - Above data analysis shows that most of the users

of all companies are found satisfactory with the waiting timetheir 'ueries resolved. $ut the result of $S#L is again not good

as the users say that they have not talk to their customer care

service provider even for a single time. Some of them have talk

but after a lot of waiting time. So they are found not satis/ed

and rated this 'uestion also as dissatis/ed and neutral. So after

studying their views with a personal discussion we can not say

that the customer care representatives of $S#L are not able to

solve their customer 'ueries in a satisfactory time.

Li%iai!n(

The market of Telecommunication is too vast and it is not

possible to cover each and every dealer" manufacturer and

seller in the available short span of time.

Jenerally the respondents were busy in their work and

were not interested in responding rightly.

Mespondents were reluctant to discover complete and

correct information about themselves and their

organization.

94


74/76

*ost respondents were not maintaining proper knowledge

of various services provided by their company" so they

were unable to provide exact information.

*ost of the respondents dont want to disclose the

information about the various other companies which they

have experienced before.

Some of the respondents were using the service /rst timeof their company and they were not able to properly

di(erentiate among their product.

,ue to human behavior information may be biased. *ainly

in $S#L case.

C!n$#(i!n

After doing that all study we can conclude that yes the Jap exist

there in telecommunication industry. -onsumers have a lot of

expectations from their service provider that are not performed

or deliver by their companies. As we know that consumer expect

from $S#L to improve its customer care service that can be

found busy most of the times.

96


75/76

#ow users of $S#L have rated it as a best company for value of

money but still they are not satis/ed with some of companys

strategies. So this is the Jap between $S#L users and company

performance.

Then we have example of !un)ab market leader dea. Fsers of

dea are not satis/ed with company customer care service as it

is a diUcult process because one has to wait a lot or call again

and again to talk with a customer care representative.

%odafone performance is good but Jap exists not )ust with

%odafone" but with all the companies in the industry. %arious %AS

9%alue Added Services; provided by company does not seems to

be satisfying their users. -ustomers are not satis/ed with S*S

pack that is perceived costlier as compare to others companies

S*S packs by %odafone users. Fsers also found monthly low call

rate pack costlier as well.

Airtel is to be found the best service provider of network service

and customer care service as well. This is one company in the

industry that can be found delivering as per their customer

expectations. Thats why customers have rated it not assatisfactory but excellent. $ut one has to pay more for superior

service and Airtel is one example of such service. t is the

costlier service in the industry. Fsers of airtel paying more for

validity and other value added services. And they expect from

company to o(er some of the %AS at some of the competitive

prices. !rice is the only Jap exists in Airtel between company

and users.

REFERENCES

Naushal, 0ajee O sinha# FTele 5ommunication F, !ndian brand equity foundation,

&ec, +;;

Bauer, Thomas, FMotiation and satisfaction of mega-business eent attendeesG, +;;

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o $http:www#emeraldinsight#com!nsightiew5ontent!tem#doDjsessionidP+48/+

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Indian Telecommunications Sector full.doc