Indian land Revenue Terminology

Land Revenue Terminology

Land Revenue Terminology(Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan)


INTRODUCTION Revenue is a very crucial subject attached to

everybody’s life in direct or indirect way. It is general perception that reading and

understanding the land revenue documents is very tedious and complex task.

However in actual it is very simple, but one has to clear some basic facts and terminology of land revenue.

Before understanding the land revenue, first acquaint with unit of measurement


UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS

In north India generally there are three types of unit of measurement of land. These are

1. kannal marla system2. Bigha Biswa system3. Meter system

The third one is most common now and in new measurements and documentation it is used, the conversion of above two with 3rd one is as under:


kannal marla System1 Hectare = 10000 m2 = 2.47 Acres1 Acre = 4046.86 m2 = 8 kannal1 kannal = 500 m2 = 20 Marlas1 Marla = 25 m2

Bigha Biswa system1 Hectare = 10000 m2 = 2.47 Acres1 Acre = 4046.86 m2 = 1.75 ~1.76 Bigha (Pukhta/Bada bigha)1 Acre = 4046.86 m2 = 5.26 Bigha (Kachha/Chota bigha)1 Bigha = 2305 m2 (pakka) or 768.33 m2 (kaccha)* But in Haryana 1 bigha = 843.30 m2

1 Biswa = 115.25 m2 or 137.80 sq. yrd.1 biswansi = 5.76 m2 or 6.89 sq. yrd.1 kachwansi = 0.288 m2

1 decimal = 40.48 m2


Revenue Terminology In revenue documents there are mainly three types of

records i.e. Jamabandi, Girdwari, Map (sajra or latha). In some area fard haquit is also issued. This is the

consolidated document of total land holding of individual and present market rate is mentioned.

These documents reflect the total land ownership, its type, source of irrigation, the cultivation pattern, crop growing of land etc, girdwari is made in every crop season i.e. after 6 months however jamabandi is made after 4-5 years.

Map represents the actual position of land with important land marks.


Jamabandi

A jamabandi is a term used in meaning "rights of records" and refers to land records.These records are documents which are maintained for each village within its Tehsil. It contains the name of the owners, area of cultivation/ land, shares of owners and other Rights.It is revised after a certain period of time for e.g. in Haryana, Rajasthan it is revised after 5 years. After it is prepared by Patwari. it is attested by Revenue Officer of that division. All changes in title/interests of the revenue estate coming into the notice of Revenue Authorities are duly reflected in the Jamabandi according to set procedures.


Khevat Khatauni

No. Name of Tenant with

father’s name caste and

Residential address with

nature of tenure

Khasra Number Area

Social Classificati

on

Source of

Irrigation

Rentpaid by

Cultivator

Mutation related

note alongwit

h date and

Number

Remarks

New Old

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Jamabandi format


A shajra or shajra kishtwar is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India. A shajra maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number. The patwari (or village accountant) maintains a record for each one of these parcels in documents called khasras.

Shajra Map


A khasra is a legal agricultural document used in India that specifies land and crop details.It is often used in conjunction with a shajra (or shajra kishtwar), which is a reference map of the village that administers the land described by the khasra. Khasras traditionally detail "all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land.”A khatauni is an abstract based on the khasras of a village that lists out all the holdings of an individual or family in that village.In other words, all khasras that belong to a given individual will be listed in the khatauni of that individual.

Khasra


Revenue Terminology Cont.…..

Khewat number : The number of owner of the landKhatoni Number : The number of possetioner/ cultivator of landKita number : The Number mentioning the khasra number in jamabandiMutation/rapat : Any entry regarding sale purchase or transfer of landVassiat : transfer of land through willHiba : transfer of land through giftBilla : Devoid of/withoutHadbast number : Number of revenue village boundaryMushqueel/ Murrabha/ rectangle : comprise of 25 Acres/bighasLal Dora : The boundary of inhabited village, within which ownership of land is generally through possession only.


1. Chahi : Irrigated through wells/tubewells2. Nahri : Irrigated through Canals3. Barani : Rainfed4. Gair mumkin : Non cultivable5. Abadi : Inhabited6. Banjar : Not cultivated from four cropping seasonsType of Possession1. Khud Kast : Self cultivated2. Gair Marusi : Unauthorised possessioner (Kache mujahire)3. Gair Dakhildar : Unauthorised permanent possessioner (pakkee mujahire)4. Rehan : mortgage with possession5. Aadrehan : mortgage without possession

Type of land


cHaryana


The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of land’ used in Haryana:

one 'karam' is 5.5 ft one 'marla' is 9 square karams (272.25 sq ft)(30.25 gaj) one 'kannal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft) one 'killa' is of 8 kannals (43,560 sq ft = 1 acre) one 'marabba' is 25 killas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres)

A killa or Acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams (198 ft) x 40 karams (220 ft) (43,560 square ft).

Homes (Kothis) are measured in marlas and kannals. Most are two to four kannals but the big ones can be anything from four to six kannals.


A couple of older measures:one biswa = 15 Sq karams; 12 biswas = 1 kannal (605 yrd)one bigha = 20 biswas - 1008 square yards - 842.68 sq m

In all areas consolidated on the basis of the standard measure of 66 inches i.e. Karam or Gatha:

1. 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 3.3611111 Sq.yds.2. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 30.249999 Sq.yds say 30.25 Sq.yds.3. 20 Marlas or 1 Kannal 604.99996 Sq.yds say 605 Sq.yds.4. 160 Marlas or 8 Kannals 4839.99998 Sq.yds.say 4840 Sq.yds. (1 acre or 1 killa)


1 Karam = 57.157” (Haryana)1 Biswansi = 1 Karam x 1 Karam (Haryana)20 Biswansi = 1 Biswa (Haryana)1 Bigha = 20 Biswa (Haryana)4 Bigha-16 Biswa = 1 Acre (Haryana)2.47 acre = 1 hectare(CG)

After Bandobust(Settlement)1 Karam = 66” (Haryana)1 Sarsaai = 1 Karam x 1 Karam (Haryana)9 Sarsaai = 1 Marla (Haryana)20 Marla = 1 Kannal (Haryana)8 Kannal = 1 Acre (Ghuman) (Haryana)1 Acre = 36 Karam x 40 Karam (North to South, East to West) (Haryana) 2.47 Acre = 1 Hectare (CG)

Before Bandobust(Settlement)


Uttar Pradesh


INTRODUCTION The bigha is a unit of measurement of area of a land,

commonly used in a few states of India including Uttar Pradesh. The precise size of a bigha appears to vary considerably, that range from 1,500 to 6,771 square meters, but in several smaller pockets, it is as high as 12,400 square meters.

Bigha is a traditional unit of land, with land purchases still being undertaken in this unit. However, it varies in size from one part to another. It is usually less than an acre (0.15 hectare), however could extend up to 3 acres. Various states and often parts within states have different sizes attributed to 1 Bigha.


The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of land’ used in Uttar Pradesh: In developed part of Uttar Pradesh that is west, there are two

ranges of 1 Bigha. One is equal to 5 biswa (one biswa is 125 m2) In other it is equal to 6.75 biswa = 843.75 m2 (Kaccha bigha)

In rest UP 1 Bigha is divided into 20 Biswas. Hence one Bigha is 2500 m2 But actually it is 2529.26 m2

(Pakka bigha)

Some part of west Uttar Pradesh the measurements are slightly different:

1 Bigha = 20 Biswa = 60 Decimal = 2428.80 m2

1 Bigha = 2305 m2 (Pakka) or 768.33 m2 (Kaccha)


Rajasthan


Bigha is used in practice in Rajasthan. One bigah is equal to 1618.70 m2 .

Shahjahani Jarib = 165 feet 1 Bigha = 1 Jarib x 1 Jarib = 165’ x 165’ = 27225 Sq. Ft. 1 Bigha(Shahjahani Jarib) = 0.253 Hectare Gantari Jarib = 132 feet 1 Bigha = 1 Jarib x 1 Jarib = 132’ x 132’ = 17424 Sq. Ft. 1 Bigha(Gantari Jarib) = 0.16 Hectare 1 Bigha = 20 Biswansi

The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of land’ used in Rajasthan:


Punjab


There are two ways of area measures as per the department of revenue

Ghumao Measure 1 Sarsahi = 2.81Sq. Mt. (5.5’ Sq. Karam) 1 Marla = 9 Sarsahi 1 kannal = 20 Marla 1 Ghumao = 8 kannal

* So 1 Ghumao = 4046.86 Sq.Mt. = 1 acre

The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of land’ used in Punjab:


Bigha Measure 1 Biswansi = 6.32 Sq. Mt. (99” Sq. Gatha) 1 Biswa = 20 Biswansis 1 Bigha = 20 Biswa

* So 1 Bigha = 2529.29 Sq. Mt.


Madhya Pradesh


The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of land’ used in Madhya Pradesh:

1 Katha = 0.0137741 acre = 55.74 Sq. Mt. = 600 Sq. Ft. 1 Bigha = 0.275473 Acre = 1114.80 Sq. Mt. 1 Acre = 3.63 Bigha 1 Acre = 72.6 Katha


Conversion Factors


Conversion Factors (Haryana)

Unit Area Acre Sq. Mt. Sq. Yrd. Sq. Ft.

Sq. Karam 0.000694 2.81 3.36 30.25

Marla 0.00625 25.29 30.25 272.25

kanaal 0.125 505.85 605 5445

killa 1.000001 4046.82 4840 43560

marabba 25.00002 101170.6 121000 1089000

Sarsahi 0.000694 2.81 3.36 30.25

Biswansi 0.000694 2.81 3.36 30.25

Biswa 0.010417 42.15 50.42 453.75

Bigha 0.208333 843.09 1008.33 9075


Conversion Factors (Uttar Pradesh)


Pakka Bigha 0.625 2529.26 3025 27225

Kaccha Bigha 0.208333 843.09 1008.33 9075

Decimal 0.010003 40.49 48.42 435.75

Conversion Factors (Rajasthan)


Bigha (S.J.) 0.625 2529.26 3025 27225

Bigha (G.J.) 0.4 1618.73 1936 17424


Conversion Factors (Punjab)


Sq. Gatha 0.001561 6.32 7.56 68

Biswa 0.03125 126.46 151.25 1361.25

Bigha 0.625 2529.26 3025 27225

Ghumao 1 4046.82 4840 43560

Conversion Factors (Madhya Pradesh)


Katha 0.013774 55.74 66.67 600

Bigha 0.275482 1114.83 1333.33 12000


THANK YOU ….

Documents

Indian land Revenue Terminology