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FORMERLY TIMES IAS ACADEMY
INDIAN DEFENCE
PART - I
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Indian Armed forces are among the most powerful in the world. Fifth most powerful to be
precise. The armed forces include three professional services-Indian Army, Indian Air Force
and Indian Navy. The Indian Armed forces are supported by Indian Coast Guard, paramilitary
organisations and other allied forces.
The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the forces. Coming under the Ministry of
Defence, the Indian military forces have active 1.4 million personnel serving. Additionally, it is
the world's largest volunteer army
1947 was the year India got independence. It was also the year when the subcontinent was
bifurcated into two independent nations-India and Pakistan. Bifurcation was not only made on
the territorial lines but also in terms of resources. Accordingly, the forces were divided too, in
terms of personnel, ships, divisions and aircrafts.
In January 1949, KM Cariappa became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief. In 1954, Air
Marshal Subroto Mukherjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air
Force. And in the same year, Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari became the first Chief of Naval Staff.
One of the first conflicts Indian Armed forces had to face was just after independence, the
Indo-Pakistan war of 1947-48. This war was fought over the then princely state of Jammu and
Kashmir. The war ended with a ceasefire being declared on December 31, 1948. It concluded
with 65% of the territory under Indian control and rest under Pakistan's.
Apart from 1947 Indo-Pakistan war, the two countries engaged in conflicts on multiple
occasions-1965, 1971 and 1999.
In 1961, tensions rose between India and Portugal over the territory of Goa under the Portugal
occupancy. This conflict was popularly known as Operation Vijay. The operation lasted for 36
hours, post which the Portugal forces retracted from Goan territory, after over 450 years of
colonial rule.
Indo-Pakistan war of 1947-48
Evolution of Defence Forces in India since Independence:
India and Portugal-1961:
The Sino-India war of 1962 was between India
and China. The conflict over the Himalayan
border was the main reason behind the war,
however, tensions were growing since the time
India started hosting Tibetan refugees. On
November 21, China extended the unilateral
ceasefire.
Sino-India war of 1962
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In 1971 war between India and Pakistan happened
during the l iberation in East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh). The war lasted for 13 days and ended with
Pakistani signing the Instrument of Surrender. On
December 16, 1971, East Pakistan was formed into
Bangladesh.
The Kargil conflict of 1999 was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan in Kargil district of
Kashmir. The infiltration of Pakistani troops into the Indian side of the LoC resulted in the
conflict. The conflict lasted for over two months. Conclusively, Pakistan withdrew its forces and
July 26 since then has been celebrated as the Kargil Vijay Diwas every year.
The Indian Armed Forces, apart from defending the borders, are also involved in various
nation-building operations. Its contribution during natural calamities is of prime significance.
In recent time, Indian Armed Forces have worked with the state machinery to help during
Kerala floods of 2018, Cyclone Fani in Odisha and the Assam floods, among many others.
Indian Armed Forces have also been active participators in the UN peacekeeping missions. So
far, India has participated in over 40 peacekeeping missions and has contributed about 2 lakh
troops. In 2014, India became the third-largest troop contributor.
International military exercises are an extension of military training for partner countries and
a significant military diplomacy tool. Since 2012, the Indian armed forces have engaged more
than 20 countries in international military exercises
Introduction
Training of and with military personnel of partner countries has a dual impact:
In capacity building in the partner country;
In generating an understanding between two militaries in terms of
professionalism, procedures and processes, and the military ethos.
Bangladesh war of 1971
The Kargil conflict of 1999
Humanitarian Measures
International Military Exercises
The Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 was followed by Operation Gibraltar launched by Pakistan into
Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian retaliated and this war saw the engagement of the largest
tank battle since World War II. The war lasted for 17 days and resulted in casualties on both
sides. The United Nations intervened and the Tashkent Declaration was signed.
Indo-Pakistan war of 1965
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Sharing of military training aspects through international military exercises is one of the most
effective confidence-building measures (CBMs) between partners. It helps in understanding
the intent and perspectives of participants and normally gives a boost to bilateral ties.
For military alliance partners, joint military exercises are an operational necessity to ensure
interoperability of operational, communication related, logistical as well as procedural
aspects. Failure to achieve synergy in these aspects would result in suboptimal operational
execution.
However, for countries like India which are not part of any military alliance, the objective of
international military exercises is not only to learn from the best operational practices of
others but also to gain from their maintenance, logistical and administrative experiences.
Exposure to technological advances, associated problems and varied operational
environment management assists all participants in enhancing their individual capabilities
and helps in charting a future course of action based on realistic appraisal.
Besides operational objectives, international military exercises are designed to
institutionalise a framework for quick and efficient HADR missions.
Joint military exercises provide the necessary impetus to such an understanding and play a
pivotal role in efficient aid disbursement in the provision of humanitarian assistance and
conduct of disaster relief (HADR) situations. Operation Maitri is a good example of efficient
support provided by the Indian armed forces to Nepal in the aftermath of the earthquake that
struck the country in April 2015.
Due to these reasons, a large number of structured military exercises are planned and
executed in various regions of the world every year.
According to the Annual Reports of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India, from
2011–12 to 2015–16, the Indian armed forces have been engaging a number of countries
through regular international military exercises in India and abroad
The Indian Army has expanded the engagement envelope for international exercises focused
on various domains of warfare that are decided mutually with the partner countries. The
Indian Navy regularly exercises with various foreign navies at both at bilateral and multilateral
levels in three participative formats: passage exercises (PASSEX); occasional exercises; and
institutionalised exercises
Institutionalised exercises are conducted on regular basis with partner countries in areas of
maritime interest, with the scope and content progressively enhanced for traditional and non-
traditional maritime challenges.13 Exercise Malabar (with the US since 1992); Exercise
Thammar-al-Tayyib, renamed as Exercise Naseem-al-Bahr in 2007 (with Oman since 1993);
SIMBEX (with Singapore since 1994); Exercise Varuna (with France since 2001) etc., all into this
category
Necessity of joint military exercises
Necessity of joint military exercises
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The Indian Air Force (IAF) has come a long way after its first international exercise with
participation of fighter aircraft, Exercise Garuda-I with France, in India in 2003. Other exercises
in various formats have also been conducted since then.
The location, time, scale and nature of participants, and stated objectives of an international
military exercise can be selected to send a signal to a common adversary.
The Indian policy of engagement with neighbours indicates 55 per cent share for Asian
countries in international military exercises. Africa's share, at just 4 per cent, is considerably
lower than its strategic significance.
the largest engagement is by the Indian Army .The probable reason for this is the multiple roles
that being the largest of the three services, the army needs to play in the prevailing
environment in counter-insurgency/terrorist operations, special operations and disaster
relief. A large number of international military exercises, in fact, are focused on these
themes.15 The navy, owing to its nature, has been involved in international port calls and anti-
piracy operations, and as it continuously operates in international waters it needs to
coordinate and synchronise operations with the other players there.
The number of participants in a military exercise should be decided based on the following:
objectives that are sought to be achieved, the level(s) of engagement, equipment profile,
language and common interests. Bilateral exercises result in greater interaction between the
participants and a focused approach for the achievement of objectives. However, multilateral
exercises allow for simultaneous engagement with multiple countries, thus making the
process more efficient
Strategically, international military exercises assist in forging a bond between participating
nations and enhance the level of cooperation between them.
This cooperation in military affairs has the potential to expand to other arenas, especially
related to technology, human resources, training, education and the economy.
Mutual benefits from this expansion lead to greater synergy and a cohesive policy formulation.
International defence cooperation is an imperative for building our capabilities to deal with
how we envisage our current and emerging role in the international arena.
International military exercises are, thus, efficient tools to engage partnering nations and
enhance existing relationships. These exercises actively support military diplomacy along with
other aspects such as military training, port calls, delegation visits, and combat equipment
support.
Besides projecting Indian capabilities and enabling doctrinal learning, such exercises assist in
benchmarking our capabilities against international standards.
Selection of Location and Participant
Benefits of Military Exercises
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INDIAN MISSILES
Brahmos is named on the rivers Brahmaputra and
Moskva.
BrahMos is a joint venture India and Russia.
It is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile
capable of being launched from submarines,
warships, fighter jets or land and has a strike range of
nearly 300 kilometres.
It is a two-stage (solid propellant engine in the first stage and liquid ramjet in second) air to
surface missile with a flight range of around 300 km
However, India's entry into the the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) has extended
the range of the BRAHMOS missile to reach 450 km-600km, a shade above its current MTCR
capped range of 300 km
Brahmos is one of the fastest cruise missile currently operationally deployed with speed of
Mach 2.8, which is 3 times more than the speed of sound.
It operates on the "Fire and Forgets" principle
It can be launched from land, air, and sea and multi capability missile with pinpoint accuracy
ASTRA is the first indigenously developed Beyond
Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile
Speed of missile system is 5,555 km per hour or 4.5
mach
Special Feature includes Electronic Counter-Countermeasures or ECCM , option to choose
between “Lock-on Before Launch – LOBL” and “Lock-on After Launch – LOAL, It uses an inertial
guidance system with an active radar seeker with a homing range of 25 km and is extremely
effective in a multi-target scenario.
Astra has been integrated with Indian Air Force's Sukhoi Su-30MKI and will be integrated with
Dassault Mirage 2000, HAL Tejas and Mikoyan MiG-29 in the future
Range: over 70 km
Brahmos Supersonic Cruise Missile:
Astra Missile:
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Short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile – Prithvi
Intermediate-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile – Agni
Short-range low-level surface-to-air missile – Trishul
Medium-range surface-to-air missile – Akash
Third generation anti-tank missile – Nag
The missiles developed under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme are:
Prithvi I was one of the first missiles developed under
Government of India's IGMDP.
Launched in February 1988
Prithvi I is a single-stage, liquid-fuelled missile
Prithvi is a tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic
missile (SRBM) developed by DRDO of India under the
Integrated Guided Missile Development Program
It has a range of 150 km and a mounting capability of 1000 kg.
It was inducted into the Indian Army in 1994.
Agni Missiles I to V
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme:
Prithvi I Missile:
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An intermediate-range ballistic missile, the Agni-II was first test fired on April 11, 1999.
The surface-to-surface missile has a range of 2000 to 2500 km and can carry conventional or
nuclear warheads.
Agni III is an intermediate-range ballistic missile developed as the successor to the Agni II.
It is an improvement over its previous iteration, and has a range of 3,500-5,000 km, making it
capable of engaging targets deep inside neighbouring countries.
It was inducted in to the armed forces in June 2011, enhancing its strike capability.
Carrying forward the success of its predecessor, the Agni III was developed to strike targets
within a similar range but with a significantly shorter flight time of 20 minutes.
The Agni IV, which has a two-phase propulsion system is designed to carry a 1,000 kg payload.
Two stage missile powered by solid propellant.
Can fire from a road mobile launcher.
Range is more than 3,500 km.
Equipped with indigenously developed ring laser gyro and composite rocket motor.
Agni is India's first inter-continental ballistic missile (ICBM), with high road mobility, fast-
reaction ability and a strike range of over 5,000 km.
Three-stage solid fueled, indigenous Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM).
Capable of carrying 1.5 tonnes of nuclear warheads.
After induction in the military, India will join an exclusive club of countries like the US, Russia,
China, France, and Britain which have intercontinental ballistic missile capability.
Canister launches missile system for operational flexibility.
A nuclear-capable ballistic missile, Agni 1 is the first of the five missile Agni series launched in
1983 by the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Single stage, solid fuel, Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM).
Using solid propulsion booster and a liquid propulsion upper stage.
It has a range of 700 km.
Agni I Missile:
Agni II Missile:
Agni III Missile:
Agni IV Missile:
Agni V Missile:
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Akash is a medium-range, theatre defense,
surface-to-air missile having a range of 27-
30km developed by the Defence Research
and Development Organisation and
produced by Bharat Dynamics Limited for
Missile Systems and Bharat Electronics for
other radars, control centres in India.
The missile system can target aircraft up to
30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m.
It has multi-target engagement capability
and is in operational service with the Indian
Army and the Indian Air Force.
Nag is a third-generation hit-to-kill “fire-and-forget”
anti-tank missile that was first tested in 1990.
The two-stage solid propellant weapon uses the lock-
on before launch system where the target is identified
and designated before the weapon is launched.
It is being developed by India's Defence Research and
Development Organisation under the Integrated
Guided Missile Development Program and is
manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited.
Developed indigenously as an anti-armour weapon
employing sensor fusion technologies for flight
guidance.
HELINA (Helicopter Launched NAG) is the air-to-
surface version of the NAG integrated into Dhruv
Helicopters.
Trishul is a short-range surface-to-air missile
equipped with electronic measures against
all known aircraft jammers.
It has a range of 9 km and is used as anti-sea
skimmer from ships against low-flying
attacks.
Akash Missile:
Nag Anti-tank Missile:
Trishul Missile:
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Prithvi III is the naval-version missile with a range of 350 km.
A two-stage surface-to-surface missile,
Prithvi III was first tested in 2000.
The successful test of the Sagarika marks an inflection point in India's military history.
It forms the crucial third leg of India's nuclear deterrent vis-à-vis its submarine-launched
ballistic missile (SLBM) capability.
The K-15 Sagarika, which has a range of 750 km, was successfully tested in February 2008, and
was subsequently integrated with India's nuclear-powered Arihant class submarine.
Dhanush is a liquid propelled sea-based missile that
was envisaged as a short-range version of the Prithvi
II ballistic missile.
Naval version of Prithvi II.
It has a range of 350 km and is capable of carrying
nuclear warheads. It was successfully test-fired
from a naval warship in March 2011, and carries
forward the legacy of the K-15 Sagarika.
It was initially conceived as a surface-to-surface
ballistic missile (SSM) variant of the K-15 Sagarika,
that can be stored in underground silos for extended
periods and launched using gas canisters as a
trigger.
The nuclear capability of the missile enhances
India's second strike capability reduces the
dependence on the K-15 ballistic missile which was
built with significant Russian assistance.
Prithvi III Missile:
K-15 Sagarika
Dhanush:
Shaurya:
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Nirbhay is a subsonic cruise missile which is
ancillary to the BrahMos range.
It uses a terrain-following navigation system to
reach up to 1,000 km.
Nirbhay is capable of being launched from multiple
platforms on land, sea, and air.
A terrain hugging, stealth missile capable of
delivering 24 different types of warheads depending
on mission requirements.
Prahaar is a surface-to-surface missile with a range
of 150 km that was successfully tested for the first
time in July 2011.
Primary objective is to bridge the gap between the
unguided Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher and
the guided Prithvi missile variants.
Stated to be a unique missile, the Prahaarboasts of
high maneuverability, acceleration and accuracy.
Primarily a battlefield support system for the Army,
the missile can be fired from a road mobile
launchers and is extremely mobile in battle
situations owing to its lighter build.
The rocket system was named after Pinaka, the bow of Lord Shiva.
It was successfully flight-tested from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the Odisha
coast.
It is an Artillery Missile System developed by DRDO and capable of striking up to a range of 75
kilometres with high precision.
There are two versions: Pinaka MK-I (40 km range) and MK-II (75 km range).
Nirbhay subsonic cruise missile
Prahaar:
Pinaka Missile System:
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Barak 8 Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM) Air and Missile Defence Systems to ships of
the Indian Navy which in Hebrew language means Lightning.
The missile system has been jointly developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), India's
DRDO.
The Barak-8 LRSAM system is an operational Air and Missile Defence (AMD) system used by
Israel's navy as well as by India's navy, air and land forces.
The system provides broad aerial and point defence against a wide range of threats to the
marine arena from the air, sea or land.
Barak-8 incorporates a state-of-the-art phased array multi-mission radar, two-way data link,
and a flexible command and control system, enabling users to simultaneously engage multiple
targets day and night and in all weather conditions
It has the ability to hit targets within radii of 70 km to 90 km.
The missile is designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft,
helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as cruise missiles and combat jets.
Both maritime and land-based versions of the system exist.
Barak-8 Missile
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DRDO has successfully test-fired indigenously developed Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air
missiles (QRSAM) from a test range off the Odisha coast.
It is intermediate-range, nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) with
3,500-km range.
It is developed by DRDO and will be inducted to Arihant-class submarines.
It has been developed to replace the 'Akash' missile defence system, and has 360-degree
coverage.
It uses solid fuel propellant
Strike range of 25-30 km with capability of hitting multiple targets.
It is an all-weather, all-terrain surface-to-air missile equipped with electronic counter
measures against jamming by aircraft radars.
Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM)
K-4 Missile
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DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
India Japan
United States
India Thailand
Association of
Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN)
and United States
S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
1Indo–Thai CORPAT
(28th edition)
India
ThailandImplementation of UNCLOS Biannual Naval Exercise
2Samudra
Laksamana
India
MalaysiaInteroperability of Navies Naval Exercise
3Singapore
India Thailand
Strengthen relations,
maritime interoperabilityNaval ExerciseSITMEX-19 Annual
Port Blair,
Andaman and
Nicobar
4
5
6
India-Japan-
US naval cooperation
Counter-terrorism
operation
Counter-terrorism
operation
Naval Exercise
Army Exercise
Naval Exercise
Malabar Exercise
23rd edition
MAITREE-2019
ASEAN-US
Maritime Exercise
(1st Exercise)
Annual
Annual
Annual
Tokyo, Japan
Umroi
Meghalaya
Sattahip Naval
Base in Thailand
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
7GARUDA VI
(6th edition)
Indian and
FrenchInteroperability Air Exercise
8 Shakti-2019 India and France Counter Terrorism operations Army Exercise
9
Indian Army,
Navy, Air Force
and Coast Guard
Joint Services
Exercise
Danx- 19 Defence
of Andaman &
Nicobar Islands 2019
(second edition)
Mont de Marsan
in France
Biennial Rajasthan
10
11
EX EASTERN
BRIDGE-V
Naseem Al-Bahr
India and Oman
India and Oman
Air Exercise
Naval Exercise
Air Force
Base Masirah,
Oman
Goa
12
13
AL Nagah India and Oman Army Exercise
Nomadic
Elephant 2019
India and
Mongolia
Counter insurgency &
Counter terrorismArmy Exercise
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
14 Ex Ekuverin – 19India and
MaldivesInteroperability Army Exercise
15 Tiger Triumph India and USHumanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief
Joint Service
Exercise
Pune,
Maharashtra
Biennial
16
17
SAMPRITI-IX
Counter-Terrorism
Table-Top
Exercise (CT-TTX)
MILAN 2020
(11th Edition)
India and
Bangladesh
(U.S., India,
Japan and
Australia)
Multilateral
Naval Exercise
Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief
Counter-Terrorism Exercise
Synergy across the seas
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
Naval Exercise
Umroi,
Meghalaya
Umroi,
Meghalaya
Visakhapatnam
18
19
Yudh Abhyas
2019Indian and US Annual Army Exercise
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
20 TSENTR 2019Russia, China,
India, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Pakistan
and Uzbekistan
Interoperability Army ExercisePune,
Maharashtra
21 Surya Kiran- XIV India - NepalHumanitarian Assistance
and Disaster ReliefArmy ExerciseAnnual
22
23
Mitra Shakti-VII
SLINEX 2019
India - Sri Lanka
India - Sri Lanka
Counter-insurgency
& counter-terrorismArmy Exercise
Naval Exercise
Nepal
24
25
Za'ir-Al-Bahr
Dustlik-2019
India and Qatar
India and
Uzbekistan
Naval Exercise
Army Exercise
Cooperation and
enhance interoperability
Cooperation and
enhance interoperability
Chirchiq Training
Area, Uzbekistan
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
26Hand in Hand
8th editionIndia and China Counter terrorism
27 Indra India and UKBase Defence and
Force Protection
Tri Service
Exercise
28
29
Indradhanush - V
Ajeya Warrior
2020
India and
Bangladesh
India and
United Kingdom
Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster ReliefAir Exercise India
Umroi,
Meghalaya
30
31
IndSpaceEx
Vajra Prahar
India
India and USA
Space Warfare
Exercise
Special Forces
Army Exercise
Counter terrorism
32 IMBAXIndia and
MyanmarStrengthening Relations Army Exercise
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
33Ex HARIMAU
SHAKTI 2018
India and
MalaysiaCounter terrorism
34 Garuda ShaktiIndia and
Indonesia
35
36
VINBAX
Dharma Guardian
India and
Vietnam
India and Japan
Training for peace
keeping operation
To increase Interoperability
Hulu Langat,
Malaysia
37
38
Ex PRABAL
DOSTYK
Ex LAMITIYE
India and
Kazakhstan
India and
Seychelles
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
39Ex BOLD
KURUKSHETRA
Annual
Annual
Army ExerciseIndia and
Singapore
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
40 Ex KHANJARIndia and
Kyrgyzstan
41 KONKANIndia and
United Kingdom
42
43
Sahyog HOP TAC
IND-INDO
CORPAT
India and
Vietnam
India and
Indonesia
44
45
SIMBEX
IMCOR
Indian and
Singapore
India and
Myanmar
Army Exercise
Naval Exercise
Naval Exercise
Naval Exercise
Naval Exercise
Naval Exercise
46 Ex AVIAINDRA
Biannual
BiannualIndia and Russia
Coordinated Patrol Annual
Air Force
Exercise
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
47 SIAM BHARATIndia and
Thailand
48 Ex Desert Eagle India and UAE
49
50
Ex INDRADHANUSH
Ex RED FLAG
India and
Vietnam
India and USA
51
52
Force 18
Ex AUSTRA HIND
ASEAN +
India and
Australia
Army Exercise
Army Exercise
53 Ex KHAN QUESTIndia and
Mongolia
Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief
Air Force
Exercise
Air Force
Exercise
Air Force
Exercise
Air Force
Exercise
Army Exercise
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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S.No.Name of the
Exercise
Countries
InvolvedTheme/Area of Interest
Cycle of
Exercise
Forces
Involved
Place of the
Exercise
54
57
Ex Agni Warrior
MILEX
India and
Singapore
BIMSTEC
Countires
55 IMBEXIndia and
Myanmar
56 RIMPAC
Multilateral
Exercise
administered
by the
United States
Navy's
Indo-Pacific
Command
Army Exercise
Naval Exercise
Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief
Counter Terrorism
Honolulu,
Hawaii
Thailand
Biannual
Annual58 Ex COBRA GOLDMultilateral
Exercise
DEFENCEE X E R C I S E
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FORMERLY TIMES IAS ACADEMY
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