Indian Culture Christianity

8/11/2019 Indian Culture Christianity

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hristianity


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The Christian does not think

God will love us because we aregood, but that God will make us

good because He loves us.C.S. Lewis

Welcome to theworld of

HRISTI NITY
http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1069006.C_S_Lewishttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1069006.C_S_Lewis


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Christianityis amonotheistic religion

centered on the life andteachings of Jesus aspresented in the NewTestament.

Adherents of Christianity,known as Christians, believe thatJesus is the only begotten Son ofGod and the Messiah (Christ)prophesied in the Hebrew Bible(the part of scripture common toChristianity and Judaism).

Christian theology : JesusChrist is a teacher, the modelof a virtuous life, the revealer

of God, incarnation of God, &most importantly the savior ofhumanity who suffered, died,was resurrected to bring aboutsalvation from sin.

Christians maintain thatJesus ascended into heaven,and most denominations teachthat Jesus will return to judgethe living and the dead,granting everlasting life to hisfollowers. Christians call themessage of Jesus Christ theGospel ("good news") andhence label the earliest writtenaccounts of his ministry as

gospels.


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A Brief History

>>Christianity is classified as an Abrahamic religion.

>>Christianity began as a Jewish sect in the eastern Mediterranean, quickly grewin size and influence over a few decades, and by the 4th century had become thedominant religion within the Roman Empire.

>>During the Middle Ages, most of the remainder of Europe was Christianized,with Christians also being a (sometimes large) religious minority in the MiddleEast, North Africa, and parts of India. Following the Age of Discovery, throughmissionary work and colonization, Christianity spread to the Americas and the restof the world.

>> Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilizationat least since the 4th century. As of the early 21st century, Christianity hasbetween 1.5 billion and 2.1 billion adherents, representing about a quarter to athird of the worlds population


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Christianity in Western Europe

The spread of Christianity, largely through the work of

missionaries and monks, helped unify western Europeafter the collapse of the Roman Empire.


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New Kingdoms in Europe

The fall of Rome had different results. In the east, the ByzantineEmpire flourished. In the west, no single empire arose from Romes

ashes. Germanic groups established many small kingdoms.

Angles, Saxons

among Germanic

peoples establishing

kingdoms in Europe

400s, migrated to

Britain and seven

small, independentkingdoms established

Angles, Saxons

Anglo-Saxon

kingdoms were not

Christian at first

Late 500s, group of

monks led by

Augustine ofCanterbury arrived in

kingdom of Kent

Anglo-Saxon

England

Augustine converted

many people of Kent

Named Archbishop of

Canterbury

Christianity slowly

spread through rest

of England

Christ iani ty Slow ly

Spread


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Christian European Society

When Rome fell in late 400s, Christianity mostly confined to southern

Europe

By about 600, Christianity had spread northward into other parts ofcontinent

Conversion of Anglo-Saxons, Franks helped make western Europe intolargely Christian society

Following fall of Rome, Christianity appealed to many Europeans

Period known as Middle Ages, or medievaltimes

Many peoples lives filled with doubt, suffering hardship

Christianity offered comfort, promise of happy afterlife, sense of community


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Among most famous, Patrick

Went to Ireland in 400s; faced

opposition, hostility, but

continued to preach

At time of death around 460,

nearly all Ireland was Christian

Through missionary work,

Christian society,Christendom, linked most

western Europe

Patr ick

Appeal of Christianity led many

Europeans to want to share

beliefs with others

Some became missionaries,people who travel to spread

their religion

In addition to Augustine of

Canterbury, many others went

to new lands to spreadChristian beliefs

Missionaries

Spreading Christianity


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Popes Influence

>> Early in Middle Ages, most popes had littleauthority

>> Most saw pope as just another bishop

Gregory the Great

>> Lack of authority ended with Gregory theGreat

>> Worked to change views of papacy,increase influence

Supreme Patr iarch

>> Gregory thought, as successor to Peter,pope should be supreme patriarch of church

>> Undertook reforms to strengthen papacy,

canon law

GregorySReforms

>> Encouraged missionary work andmonasticism, voluntary separation fromsociety

>> Encouraged people to care for poor, less

fortunate

Strengtheningthe Papacy


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Interpr etations of Faith

As Christianity spread through diverse populations, people interpreted faith in

different ways

Debates arose over questions like humanity, divinity of Jesus

Used Ideas o f Plato

Augustines writings helped shape Christian doctrine for centuries

City of God: people should pay less attention to material world than to Gods

plan for world; attempted to convince Romans God had not abandoned them

Writ ten Explanat ions

To prevent, resolve conflicts, influential theologians wrote explanations to set

forth churchs official positions

Most influential of medieval theologians, Augustine of Hippo

Sharing Beliefs


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Both forms had similar rules about communal life, but the organization and details of

life in their monasteries were quite different.

Gregory the Great increased emphasis on monasticism

Believed monks played important role in church

Monasticism gained popularity in the early Middle Ages.

Not new, first Christian monks in

Egypt in the 200s

Lived alone as hermits, or in

small groups

During Middle Ages, new form

of monasticism developed

Monast ic ism

Monks and Monasteries

Groups of monks lived in

monasteries, abided by strict

code of rules

Two monastic forms common in

Europe in early Middle Ages:

Benedictine, Celtic

Monaster ies


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Kingdoms and Christianity


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Christianity in India

1. From the earliest times downto the advent of Portuguese

2. Modern missionary enterprise(Portuguese arrival)

3. Contemporary Christianity and itsStruggle


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1. Early Church in India(Thomas Christians)

Story of St. Thomas: Came to India 52AD to spread the

Gospel to the Jews of Kerala who came to India 562BCE

after the destruction of the Temple.

Language & Liturgy: Syriac (a dialect of Aramaic) used by

the Jews in India.

Mar Thoma (Church of Thomas): Thomas evangelized along

Malabar Coast of Kerala in the South India. Along Periyar

river, where Jewish colonies existed.

Martyrdom of St. Thomas: Chennai & buried at San Thome

Cathedral.


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San Thom Cathedral in Chennai

(Figure)

St. Thomas believed to have

been buried here

Neo-Gothic style of

architecture, favoured by the

British architects of the 19th

century.

183 feet high spire was built in

1894.

Quick facts


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4thC Missions

Christian Merchants: Flourishing trade with Central Asia,Mediterranean, and Middle East along Mountain passes in theNorth & Western and Eastern sea routes.

Travancore Manual: Thomas of Cana (a merchant & missionary):

brought 400 Christians from Baghdad, Nineveh and Jerusalem in345AD.

Colony of Syrian Christians: First recorded Christian Community inthe South at Kondungallur.

Thus arrived Christianity in India in the 4thC AD


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The earliest renovated existing Church in the

South India: 52AD


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Modern Missionary Enterprise(arrival of Catholicism)

The First Bishop of India: Jordanus Catalani (1320): French Dominicanmissionary in Gujarat & Quilon: Conversion take place.

Portuguese Mission 15C: Pope gives Asia to the care of King Afonso V

in 1455 thus arrived Fransiscans, Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustiniansetc.

Vasco da Gama: Missionaries arrived in Kerala along in 1498.

Pedro lvares Cabral 1500: Arrived with 13 ships and 18 priests.

Diocese of Lisbon: Whole of the west was under the jurisdiction. A Scar: Inquisio de Goa (1560-1812): To punish the recent converts

who still followed their ancestral religion in secret. 16,202 personswere brought to trial.


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Protestant Mission

1705

Lutherans: First protestant missionaries. Translatedthe bible to Tamil language then Hindustani etc.

18thC; protestant missionaries spread throughout

the country.19thC several Baptist American missionaries came

into existence.


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Indian way of celebration


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Christianity in the Modern Era

In the Modern Era, Christianity was confronted with variousforms of skepticism and with certain modern politicalideologies such as liberalism, nationalism and socialism.

Christian commitment in Europe dropped as modernity andsecularism came into their own in Western Europe, whilereligious commitments in America have been generally highin comparison to Western Europe.

The late 20th century has shown the shift of Christian

adherence to the Third World and southern hemisphere ingeneral, with western civilization no longer the chief standardbearer of Christianity.


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A Christian Worldview In A

Global Business Economy Christian standpoint :Just because something is acceptable or legalin the world does not make it acceptable to someone with aChristian worldview. John 17:17 says that, "The word is truth," sowhen one is looking for direction and guidance in any aspect ofbusiness he will always know that the word of God is truth that hecan turn to. Although the field of business has many negativeconnotations with Christianity there are also positive ones. The firstissue, pollution, can be view negatively. The second issue,jobopportunities, can be view positively.

Job opportunity is something very positive that Global businessoffers not just to people in ones own nation but to other nations.The Bible tells us to "Make it your ambition to lead a quiet life, tomind your own business and to work with your hands, just as we

told you, so that your daily life may win the respect of outsiders

and so that you will not be dependent on anybody."
http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=global+businesshttp://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=global+businesshttp://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=global+business


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At this past years "Christians in the Market Place," panel discussion severalof the speakers touch on what is probably the most important thing toremember when trying to look at the business world from a stand point of aChristian, and that was living a holistic life.

Mr. Andrew Corley, a business man said "I am who I am at work and athome." This can make a huge impact on any aspect of business.

Mr. Eric Reynolds, a news anchor for Fox 10 here in Mobile, talked aboutworking in the secular world.

Mr. Reynolds : Since the world knew our school as a Christian school theyexpect more out of its students as far as integrity and things of that nature.

This is a very true statement. As stated earlier other countries expect more out of the United States,

because it is known as a Christian nation. Even though we, citizens of theUnited States, know this is not true. The surrounding nations do not look atit like that. It is refreshing to know that there is a place, a school, that iseducating its future global business candidates not to just go out into theworld and conduct business with people; but to go out into the world andconduct business with people while still maintaining a Christian emphasis.

"The purpose of developing a Christian view of the world is not merely to

evaluate and judge the world, but to change it," (Boa, 2004). That is our

mission, "Changing Lives to Change the World."


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et us all hope for the Religious

Unity in ndia

Aakanksha Vats

PGDM (HR)Roll No 061

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