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India- GeographyIndia- Geography
oLarge Subcontinent
oLarge Peninsula
oSurrounded by Water-Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal
oLarge Subcontinent
oLarge Peninsula
oSurrounded by Water-Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal
India GeographyIndia Geography
Himalaya and Hindu Kush Mountains to the north create natural barrier to the rest of Asia.
Many of the earth’s largest mountains are in these ranges. 50 of them are over 5 miles high
Mountain passes are the only through this barrier…Khyber Pass
Indian subcontinent includes India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.
Himalaya and Hindu Kush Mountains to the north create natural barrier to the rest of Asia.
Many of the earth’s largest mountains are in these ranges. 50 of them are over 5 miles high
Mountain passes are the only through this barrier…Khyber Pass
Indian subcontinent includes India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
The mountains also serve as the head waters for many of the great rivers that are on the subcontinent.
Northern Plains (Indo-Gangetic) are just south of mountains.
Great farmland from silt deposits from the 3 major rivers…Indus, Ganges, and Brahmputra.
Densely populated. 1.186 billion total
The mountains also serve as the head waters for many of the great rivers that are on the subcontinent.
Northern Plains (Indo-Gangetic) are just south of mountains.
Great farmland from silt deposits from the 3 major rivers…Indus, Ganges, and Brahmputra.
Densely populated. 1.186 billion total
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
Indus river is the primary river of Pakistan Most of Pakistan’s population live in the
Indus basin. Most of Indian early civilization developed
along this river Ganges flows eastward across India and
joins Brahmaputra which then flow into Bay of Bengal in Bangaladesh
Indus river is the primary river of Pakistan Most of Pakistan’s population live in the
Indus basin. Most of Indian early civilization developed
along this river Ganges flows eastward across India and
joins Brahmaputra which then flow into Bay of Bengal in Bangaladesh
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
The huge delta from these two rivers has some of the most fertile land in the world but…this region suffers terrible floods.
Rivers are sacred to the people Thar Desert-western end of northern plain.
100,000 sq.mi. Deccan Plain- just south of Northern Plain.
The huge delta from these two rivers has some of the most fertile land in the world but…this region suffers terrible floods.
Rivers are sacred to the people Thar Desert-western end of northern plain.
100,000 sq.mi. Deccan Plain- just south of Northern Plain.
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
High flat plain with some hilly regions and many small rivers. 50% of Southern Asia
Vindhya Mts. Separate Deccan Plain from Northern Plain.
Millions of small farms occupy this plain. The Ghats- 2 other small mountain ranges on the
east and west coasts
High flat plain with some hilly regions and many small rivers. 50% of Southern Asia
Vindhya Mts. Separate Deccan Plain from Northern Plain.
Millions of small farms occupy this plain. The Ghats- 2 other small mountain ranges on the
east and west coasts
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
Climate-– The Monsoons- seasonal wind that dominates
the climate of south asia. Two monsoons define the climate of South Asia. The wet monsoon of summer and the dry monsoon of winter.
– Farmers depend on both the dry and wet monsoons.
– Too much or too little rain will cause famine.
Climate-– The Monsoons- seasonal wind that dominates
the climate of south asia. Two monsoons define the climate of South Asia. The wet monsoon of summer and the dry monsoon of winter.
– Farmers depend on both the dry and wet monsoons.
– Too much or too little rain will cause famine.
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
Cyclones frequently strike the Ganges / Brahmaputra delta often killing thousands
Rainfall varies greatly with the coastal plains getting large amounts while the plains get less due to mountain shadowing.
Temperatures range from very cold in the mountains to tropical on the Deccan Plain.
Cyclones frequently strike the Ganges / Brahmaputra delta often killing thousands
Rainfall varies greatly with the coastal plains getting large amounts while the plains get less due to mountain shadowing.
Temperatures range from very cold in the mountains to tropical on the Deccan Plain.
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
Natural Resources in include water for farming from the monsoons
Iron Ore = steel Manganese Bauxite Copper Mica
Natural Resources in include water for farming from the monsoons
Iron Ore = steel Manganese Bauxite Copper Mica
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
Natural Resources con’t-Limestone-Gypsum-Nuclear Power
Cultural Diversity- Europe, Middle East, Asia Religions include Hindu, Islam, Christianity, Sikhs,
and Buddhists Language includes more than 700 languages and
dialects Most widely spoken in Hindi…about 30% speak it
Natural Resources con’t-Limestone-Gypsum-Nuclear Power
Cultural Diversity- Europe, Middle East, Asia Religions include Hindu, Islam, Christianity, Sikhs,
and Buddhists Language includes more than 700 languages and
dialects Most widely spoken in Hindi…about 30% speak it
Indian GeographyIndian Geography
English is used by many. India has 15 official languages
Many items such as money have 15 different languages on them
English is used by many. India has 15 official languages
Many items such as money have 15 different languages on them
Indian HistoryIndian History
Indus Valley Civilization– The largest ancient civilization- 2500-1500 BC– Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro anchored the
civilization– Trade and farming were the source of wealth– Climate became too dry for farming and the
civilization declined
Indus Valley Civilization– The largest ancient civilization- 2500-1500 BC– Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro anchored the
civilization– Trade and farming were the source of wealth– Climate became too dry for farming and the
civilization declined
Indian HistoryIndian History
Arrival of the Aryans– Invade form Caucasus Mts.– Have iron weapons– Easily conquer Indus River people– Were culturally absorbed and brought and
developed religion and language- Sanskrit– Developed villages and became farmers and
herders
Arrival of the Aryans– Invade form Caucasus Mts.– Have iron weapons– Easily conquer Indus River people– Were culturally absorbed and brought and
developed religion and language- Sanskrit– Developed villages and became farmers and
herders
Indian HistoryIndian History
Rajahs ruled these villages– Developed 4 social classes called Varna– Brahmans or priests at top– Kshatriyas or warriors next– Vaisyas or merchants– Sudras or peasants at the bottom
Rajahs ruled these villages– Developed 4 social classes called Varna– Brahmans or priests at top– Kshatriyas or warriors next– Vaisyas or merchants– Sudras or peasants at the bottom
Indian HistoryIndian History
The Maurya (321-250 BC) and Gupta Empires (320 BC- 535 AD) helped to spread and solidify both Buddhism and Hinduism in India
Islam came around 1200 AD. Spread under the direction of the Mughal Empire
The Maurya (321-250 BC) and Gupta Empires (320 BC- 535 AD) helped to spread and solidify both Buddhism and Hinduism in India
Islam came around 1200 AD. Spread under the direction of the Mughal Empire
Indian HistoryIndian History
Portuguese and DaGama were thr first Europeans to reach India…British, French and Dutch soon followed.
British eventually squeeze out others based on their trading skill and organization
British East India Company…The foremost trading company of its day.
Forged monopoly deals with Mughal Empire to control trade all over India from Calcutta to Bombay ( Mumbai)
Portuguese and DaGama were thr first Europeans to reach India…British, French and Dutch soon followed.
British eventually squeeze out others based on their trading skill and organization
British East India Company…The foremost trading company of its day.
Forged monopoly deals with Mughal Empire to control trade all over India from Calcutta to Bombay ( Mumbai)
Indian HistoryIndian History
BEI traded gold and silver for cotton, silk and tea. Textiles were by far the most important.
As Mughals decline British and French fight over many small kingdoms and territories formed after the empire dies.
Under Robert Clive BEI grew enormously wealthy.
BEI traded gold and silver for cotton, silk and tea. Textiles were by far the most important.
As Mughals decline British and French fight over many small kingdoms and territories formed after the empire dies.
Under Robert Clive BEI grew enormously wealthy.
Indian HistoryIndian History
Clive and BEI first kicked out the French with an armed force
Clive appoints rulers that are only favorable to BEI interests
BEI also gained the right to collect taxes, set up law codes, and establish a court system
By 1850, the British were in conflict with Hindus and Muslims.
Clive and BEI first kicked out the French with an armed force
Clive appoints rulers that are only favorable to BEI interests
BEI also gained the right to collect taxes, set up law codes, and establish a court system
By 1850, the British were in conflict with Hindus and Muslims.
Indian HistoryIndian History
Sepoy Rebellion- Indian soldiers who served in the British Army.
Rebellion starts over British use of pork and beef fat to grease cartridges. Both are sacred to Hindus
New British law requiring Sepoys to fight oversees for the British…Many were afraid they would lose their castes
Sepoy Rebellion- Indian soldiers who served in the British Army.
Rebellion starts over British use of pork and beef fat to grease cartridges. Both are sacred to Hindus
New British law requiring Sepoys to fight oversees for the British…Many were afraid they would lose their castes
Indian HistoryIndian History
After Sepoy, Britian made India an official colony and used their own people in the army and the government
Left a lasting distrust of British by the Indians
British bought infrastructure which made the colony easier to control
Trade limited farming caused famines
After Sepoy, Britian made India an official colony and used their own people in the army and the government
Left a lasting distrust of British by the Indians
British bought infrastructure which made the colony easier to control
Trade limited farming caused famines
Indian HistoryIndian History
British brought schools and colleges Created middle class Nationalism begins with formation of Indian
National Congress ( INC ) Open Rebellion begins after WW1 At
Amritsar, after British open fire on 10,000 demonstrators, organized resistance begins
British brought schools and colleges Created middle class Nationalism begins with formation of Indian
National Congress ( INC ) Open Rebellion begins after WW1 At
Amritsar, after British open fire on 10,000 demonstrators, organized resistance begins
Indian HistoryIndian History
Mohandas Gandhi emerges as independence leader
Uses non-violent resistance (satyagraha) Civil disobedience The Salt March- 1930 protest tax on salt Gandhi arrested with 50,000 followers British respond to non-violence with violence
Mohandas Gandhi emerges as independence leader
Uses non-violent resistance (satyagraha) Civil disobedience The Salt March- 1930 protest tax on salt Gandhi arrested with 50,000 followers British respond to non-violence with violence
Indian HistoryIndian History
After WW 2 Britain realizes that holding onto India as a colony was impossible
At the same time Muslims began to fear an independent Hindu India might step on their rights and beliefs as Muslims
1947 British pass Indian Independence Act which called for the partition of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations.
After WW 2 Britain realizes that holding onto India as a colony was impossible
At the same time Muslims began to fear an independent Hindu India might step on their rights and beliefs as Muslims
1947 British pass Indian Independence Act which called for the partition of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations.
Indian History/GovernmentIndian History/Government
15 Million fled to either side of the border depending on religion-Hindus to India and Muslims to Pakistan
1949- India writes its constitution. Central government has most of the power. 25 states and 7 territories have less power. Parliamentary Democracy
Parliament has two houses.
15 Million fled to either side of the border depending on religion-Hindus to India and Muslims to Pakistan
1949- India writes its constitution. Central government has most of the power. 25 states and 7 territories have less power. Parliamentary Democracy
Parliament has two houses.
Indian GovernemntIndian Governemnt
Indian Political Parties-12 The Caste System Sikh Separatism Hindu-Muslim Clashes Indian Leaders
– Jawharlal Nehru– Indira Gandhi– Rajiv Gandhi
Indian Political Parties-12 The Caste System Sikh Separatism Hindu-Muslim Clashes Indian Leaders
– Jawharlal Nehru– Indira Gandhi– Rajiv Gandhi
Indian EconomyIndian Economy
Nehru adapted many socialist principles to carefully control the economy but still a mixed economy
India convinced the population to invest in the economy to build industrial infrastructure
Initial success was impressive but by the 90’s things cooled off.
In the 90’s India moves toward privatization
Nehru adapted many socialist principles to carefully control the economy but still a mixed economy
India convinced the population to invest in the economy to build industrial infrastructure
Initial success was impressive but by the 90’s things cooled off.
In the 90’s India moves toward privatization
Indian EconomyIndian Economy
Indian farming was mostly subsistence Irrigation improvements have helped Land Reform Green Revolution…Miracle Crops Village Life- Cottage Industries Improved health /Infant mortality rate Improving Education
Indian farming was mostly subsistence Irrigation improvements have helped Land Reform Green Revolution…Miracle Crops Village Life- Cottage Industries Improved health /Infant mortality rate Improving Education
Indian EconomyIndian Economy
Indian family life Marriage Women’s Rights
Indian family life Marriage Women’s Rights