India. Geography Geography- the Indus River floods twice a year predictably India is a Peninsula...
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India. Geography Geography- the Indus River floods twice a year predictably India is a Peninsula with the Himalaya mountains in the North and NE (a natural
Geography Geography- the Indus River floods twice a year
predictably India is a Peninsula with the Himalaya mountains in the
North and NE (a natural barrier) Monsoons, seasonal winds, bring
predictable rains The Himalaya Mountains in the North and Northeast
of India create a natural barrier. What impact does this have on
the Indus River Valley? Mountains protect from invading forces and
create isolation
Slide 3
Indus River Valley The Indus river valley is a gentle river
that predictable floods every year. The second most important river
is the Ganges river. The Ganges has become sacred to the Hindus of
India.
Slide 4
Ancient India Not much is known about ancient India because we
have not translated their language. However, the Indus River
civilizations did have well planned cities. Mohenjo-Daro and
Harappa demonstrate the grid pattern, well organized cities They
even developed plumbing and sewer systems
Slide 5
Indian contributions Established long lasting trade with the
Middle East and Egypt (precursor to the Silk Road) First to grow
and weave cotton. As other civilizations
Slide 6
Hinduism The main religion of India today is Hinduism. Hinduism
has no founder, but was developed over generations of cultural
diffusion. Main Beliefs: -Reincarnation -Caste System (Karma and
Dharma) -Ganges River -Moksha
Slide 7
Maurya and Gupta Only Indian dynasties to unite the Indian
subcontinent The Gupta dynasty experienced a Golden Age of cultural
and intellectual achievements based on Hinduism. Gupta India:
-centralized government -Caste system and Hinduism ruled society
-Arabic Numerals and Zero
Slide 8
Silk Road India is located in the middle of the Silk Road trade
route connecting China and the Middle East. India contributed
cotton, spices and other goods to the trade route.
Slide 9
Age of Exploration Europeans wanted to gain direct access to
the Spice markets of India. They could not pass through the Islamic
world so they began exploring by sea
Slide 10
Imperialism As European nations industrialized they struck out
in search of raw materials and new markets India was claimed by the
British. The Indians were used for cheap labor and forced to grow
cash crops. The British followed mercantilism. The British forced
Indians to grow Poppy (Opium) which they sold to China
Slide 11
Sepoy Rebellion Sepoys were Indians in the British military.
The British took several unpopular steps and the Sepoys rebelled:
-Troops could be sent anywhere to fight -Widows were allowed to
remarry -Sati was outlawed -Bullets dipped in animal fat Thousands
of Sepoys, Indians, and British colonists were killed
Slide 12
Indian Independence During WWI and WWII Indians fought for the
British and allies, hoping to be rewarded by gaining their freedom.
After the wars the British maintained control to make money to pay
off war debts. The Indian people quickly grew impatient waiting for
independence and began meeting. The Amritsar Massacre: peaceful
demonstration turns deadly when British troops fired into unarmed
Indians
Slide 13
Mohandas Gandhi After years of abusive Imperial control the
Indian people demanded trade. Mohandas Gandhi became a leader for
Indians, but stressed passive resistance and Civil Disobedience He
was later killed during the partitioning movements
Slide 14
Partitioning When the British agreed to free India in 1947,
they first partitioned the territory. They split India into
Pakistan and India Pakistan: Muslims India: Hindus The transition,
though mostly peaceful, resulted in the movement of millions
Slide 15
Pakistan, Bangladesh and India The eastern portion of Pakistan
later separated and became Bangladesh. Tensions remains between the
three nations, especially now that all have developed nuclear
weapons
Slide 16
India today India is home to the second largest population on
earth, with nearly 1 Billion people. It is predicted to overtake
China by 2030. India has centers of industrial growth, factories
and modernization. However, much of India is still rural and based
on traditional ways of life.