India China HR

8/7/2019 India China HR

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Learning from Hybrid Rice story of China

Ashok GulatiDirector in Asia,

International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi Office

Presentation at the wksp on:Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India:

Hotel Taj Bengal, Kolkata,July 9-10, 2010.


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Paddy Production & Area Performance:China, India

Source: For India: MoA, 2010 (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2009. For China: National Bureau of Statistics, 2010 (China Statistical Yearbook, 2009)

Pdn=mt, Area=mha, Yield= t/ha

2008/09 2008I-Area I-Pdn I-Yield C-Area C-P C-Yield

45.4 148.7 3.3 29.2 191.9 6.6


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Case of China s Hybrid Rice (HR)

Source: Li, Xin & Yuan, 2009

History of Hybrid Rice Technology Development in China


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Paddy Yields in China & India & Share of Hybrid rice in China s rice area

Source: FAOSTAT & Li, Xin & Yuan (2009)

Impact of Hybrid Rice Varieties on Yields


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Contd..

Lesson 3. Institutional Innovation & DynamismDynamic & widespread multi-tiered research institutes, seed

production & extension agencies (more than 3000 seed companies

created)

Massive Demonstrations & training; Reward & recognition

S caling up seed production & lowering seed costs , minimumquality testing for seeds from 1985 onwards



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Commercial hybrid rice yield and hybrid rice seed yieldin China (1976-2008)



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India: Rice Area & Production Distribution (TE 2007/08)~Eastern States account for: 56% area but produce 48% of AllIndia

Area in m ha(% to all India)

Production in m tonnes(% to all India)

Bihar 3.4 (7.7%) 4.3 (4.6%)

Chhattisgarh 3.7 (8.5%) 5.2 (5.5%)Jharkhand 1.5 (3.5%) 2.6 (2.8%)

Orissa 4.5 (10.2%) 7.1 (7.5%)Uttar Pradesh 5.7 (13.1%) 11.3 (12.1%)West Bengal 5.7 (13.1%) 14.7 (15.6%)

Eastern S tates (Total) 24.6 (56.2%) 45.2 (48.1%)Punjab 2.6 (6%) 10.3 (11%)India 43.8 93.9

Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance (various issues)


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Market Size: Hybrid Rice Seeds sold in tonnes~Increasing sales but the levels are low

STATE 2005 2006 2007 2008

Punjab 700 900 900 900

Haryana 1000 1300 1600 2100

Uttar Pradesh 2500 3600 5500 7500

Chhattisgarh 450 750 1100 1500

Madhya Pradesh 250 300 350 500Orissa 50 75 130 230

Bihar 450 700 1200 1500

Jharkhand 800 1300 1400 2000

Gujarat 250 350 400 500

Maharashtra 100 200 225 250

Andhra Pradesh 25 50 100 175

Karnataka 10 30 25 35

West Bengal 2 5 200 105

Assam 1 2 17 60Total 6588 9562 13147 17355

Source: Singh et al. 2010. Quality Seed For Food Security through PPP: Focus on Hybrid Rice. A presentation made at theNational Seminar on- Quality Seed for Food Security through Public- Private Partnership. 13-14 April 2010, IARI, New Delhi


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Hybrid Rice in India (Area over the years)-A positive trend but still only ~ 3% of total rice area

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Source: Singh et al. 2010. Quality Seed For Food Security through PPP: Focus on Hybrid Rice. A presentation madeat the National Seminar on- Quality Seed for Food Security through Public- Private Partnership. 13-14 April 2010, IARI,New Delhi


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Some Issues

Taste & quality ( can be improved with research-China has done it)

Incentives for Hybrid Rice: Seed price subsidy(costs) and procurement of hybrid output for PDS

Bt Rice: Move from Fiber to FoodIn China (2008) a new GM program at US$ 3.8 billion for2009-2020; Bt Rice approved from Nov 2009 (Huang, 2010)

Bio-fortification of HR (Harvest plus, Golden Rice)

& combining production & nutrition/health policy


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Creating more space for the Private sector tobring GR in eastern region

Seed production, multiplication & distribution

Extension activities

How?Identify high potential districts where pvt sector

can focus esp. in east Treat public & private sectors alike- scope forpartnershipsConditional rewards system based on performance


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What else should the Elephant learn from the Dragon toensure Food Security of the masses?

Understanding the Reforms Process


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Some suggestions

Set up a working group with representatives

from;

Public Sector research & policy director of NFSM,ICAR, DRR etc.

Private sector HR seed research companies

External expertsVisit China to interact with key players

IFPRI as facilitator


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Thank You

Documents

India China HR