IndiaIndia

Chapter 25Chapter 25

Invasions, Empires, and Invasions, Empires, and IndependenceIndependence

Mughal Empire introduced Mughal Empire introduced Islam to Indian cultureIslam to Indian culture1857 – British rule begins in 1857 – British rule begins in IndiaIndiaGandhi and his followers Gandhi and his followers began using the tactic of began using the tactic of “nonviolent resistance” to “nonviolent resistance” to protest British rule in 1920protest British rule in 1920India gains independence India gains independence from Britain 1947from Britain 1947

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi

Gandhi 1869-1948Assassination

Governing the World’s Largest Governing the World’s Largest DemocracyDemocracy

India’s first prime minister – NehruIndia’s first prime minister – NehruMuslim- Hindu relations are of special Muslim- Hindu relations are of special concern to the Indian governmentconcern to the Indian government Muslim minority is huge populationMuslim minority is huge population

Sikhs and TamilsSikhs and Tamils Express dissatisfaction with governmentExpress dissatisfaction with government Assassinated 2 prime ministersAssassinated 2 prime ministers

Sikhs – killed Indira GandhiSikhs – killed Indira GandhiTamils – killed Rajiv GandhiTamils – killed Rajiv Gandhi

Economic ChallengesEconomic Challenges

Land reform difficult to enactLand reform difficult to enact Powerful families control about 25% farmlandPowerful families control about 25% farmland

Improvements to agricultureImprovements to agriculture Green RevolutionGreen Revolution

Higher-yielding grain varietiesHigher-yielding grain varieties

Uses new farming techniques Uses new farming techniques

Industrial Centers – most prosperous Industrial Centers – most prosperous Mumbai – leading commercial centerMumbai – leading commercial center Bangalore – high tech center (computers)Bangalore – high tech center (computers)

Life in Modern IndiaLife in Modern India

Center of daily life – marriage and familyCenter of daily life – marriage and family Traditional marriages – arranged by the Traditional marriages – arranged by the

families (different from most US marriages)families (different from most US marriages) Popular leisure activities (similar to US)Popular leisure activities (similar to US)

Sports, music, filmsSports, music, films EducationEducation

Government working to raise literacy ratesGovernment working to raise literacy rates

Literacy essential to find work in factories/officesLiteracy essential to find work in factories/offices

Indian CultureIndian Culture

Language and ethnic diversity Language and ethnic diversity 1000+ spoken languages and dialects1000+ spoken languages and dialects Southern Indian languages & people – Southern Indian languages & people –

DravidianDravidian

Hindu beliefsHindu beliefs Karma – moral consequences of one’s actionsKarma – moral consequences of one’s actions Karma determines how a person is reborn Karma determines how a person is reborn

(reincarnation)(reincarnation)

Pakistan and Pakistan and BangladeshBangladesh

Chapter 25Chapter 25

New Countries, Ancient LandsNew Countries, Ancient Lands

Indus Valley civilizationIndus Valley civilization Largest of the early civilizationsLargest of the early civilizations Mohenjo-Daro had brick buildings/sanitation systemsMohenjo-Daro had brick buildings/sanitation systems

Partition of British India – very violentPartition of British India – very violent Created India (Mostly Hindu)Created India (Mostly Hindu) Created Pakistan (Mostly Muslim)Created Pakistan (Mostly Muslim)

Divided into East Pakistan and West PakistanDivided into East Pakistan and West Pakistan

Pakistan’s Civil War – 1971Pakistan’s Civil War – 1971 East Pakistan became Bangladesh (independent)East Pakistan became Bangladesh (independent)

Struggling EconomiesStruggling Economies

AgricultureAgriculture Basis of economy - Pakistan and BangladeshBasis of economy - Pakistan and Bangladesh

Crops ProducedCrops Produced

Microcredit – small businesses may apply as a Microcredit – small businesses may apply as a group for a loangroup for a loan

For ExportFor Export For consumptionFor consumption

PakistanPakistan Cotton & rice Cotton & rice wheatwheat

BangladeshBangladesh JuteJute RiceRice

One Religion, Many PeoplesOne Religion, Many Peoples

Islam – the most practiced religion in Islam – the most practiced religion in Bangladesh and PakistanBangladesh and Pakistan

Ramadan – month long period of fasting Ramadan – month long period of fasting observed by Muslimsobserved by Muslims

Urdu – national language of PakistanUrdu – national language of Pakistan Chosen to avoid favoring any ethnic group Chosen to avoid favoring any ethnic group

with regional origins in the countrywith regional origins in the country Mujahirs migrated to Pakistan during partitionMujahirs migrated to Pakistan during partition

Modern Life and CultureModern Life and Culture

Rabindranath TagoreRabindranath Tagore Cultural icon/hero in BangladeshCultural icon/hero in Bangladesh Poetry very popularPoetry very popular Won Nobel Peace prize in 1913 – literatureWon Nobel Peace prize in 1913 – literature

Popular artistic expressionsPopular artistic expressions Classical and folk musicClassical and folk music QawwaliQawwali Bangladesh – folk dances that tell storiesBangladesh – folk dances that tell stories