INDEX

Aailion, Hakham, 233, 235Abarbanel, Don Isaac, 206Aguilar, Moses Raphael d’, 110, 203Aleichem, Sholom, 272Alsted, Johann Heinrich, 114–115,

119–121Amsterdam, Jewish community of, 132,

134, 201–204, 207Angers, Julien Eymard d’, 268Anthoine, Nicolas, 132–133Anti-Oedipus (by Deleuze

and Guattari), 69Antisthenes, 149Apology for Raimond Sebond (by

Montaigne), 11Aquinas, Thomas, 12Argument from design, 75–76, 78Argument to design, 75, 77Aristotelianism, 8Aristotle, 8Armogathe, Jean-Robert, 162Arnold, Dan, 52Badiou, Alain, 69Balfour, Arthur, 215Basnage, Jacques, 33Bataillon, Marcel, 205Bayle, Pierre, 6, 28, 34–38, 130,

185, 237Popkin’s work on, 57, 155, 161, 163and skepticism, 28, 32, 145and Spinoza, 27, 28–30

Belgioioiso, Julia, 162Bergmann, Gustav, 248, 262, 266Berkeley, George, 6, 43–46, 265–266Bett, Richard, 148, 189Biale, David, 18–19Bible criticism, 209

Bisterfeld, Johann Heinrich, 110, 114–116, 121

Boas, George, 30Boreel, Adam, 33–34, 124, 142Boyle, Robert, 83, 125Boyle lectures, 76–77, 84, 90, 94Brucker, Johann Jakob, 146Bruno, Giordano, 23Buddhist philosophy, 42, 47, 54Burckhardt, Jakob, 3, 4Burnyeat, Miles, 146, 173Burton, David F., 52Cambridge History of Renaissance

Philosophy, 5Candrakı̄rti, 48, 51Capp, Al, 15Cardoso, Abraham Miguel, 234Carrington, David, 227Chambers, Whitaker, 276Charles, Sébastien, 146Charron, Pierre, 12, 157–161

Descartes and, 155–162, 167Popkin’s research on, 162

Chizzuk Emunah (by Isaac ben Abraham of Troki), 39–41, 292

Christian Hebraism, 15, 123Clarke, Samuel, 74–77, 79, 80, 83–86,

94, 130cosmological argument in, 91–99Discourse Concerning the Connexion

of the Prophecies in the Old Testament, 85

Clavis Apocalyptica (by Joseph Mede), 110

Cohen Herrera, Abraham, 16, 37Collins, Anthony, 84, 126, 128, 131, 139Columbus, Christopher, 16, 206, 210

296 Index

Comenius, Johann Adam, 102, 110, 288Comte-Sponville, André, 151Condé, Prince de, 32, 36Conway, Lady Anne, 117Croce, Benedetto, 5Cromwell, Oliver, 219Crousaz, Jean-Pierre, 146–147Crusius, Florian, 113Cynicism, philosophical tradition of, 139,

145, 149Da Costa, Uriel, 33, 36De Gaulle, Charles, 267De’ Rossi, Azariah, 242Deleuze, Gilles, 57–70

and David Hume, 59, 62, 64and Hegel, 61and Heidegger, 60Popkin’s view of, 59and Spinoza, 57–58

Descartes, René, 3, 4, 11, 31, 156–162, 174–177

and Charron, 156–160Newton’s critique of, 69Popkin and, 10and skepticism, 16–17, 153, 155–157,

254–255Dialectical Disputations

(by Valla), 7Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

(by Hume), 7, 76Dialogues d’Orasius Tubero (by La

Mothe Le Vayer), 182Dibon, Paul, 163, 204, 207, 268Dictionnaire historique et critique

(by Bayle), 44Dio Chrysostom (Dio of Prusa), 149Diogenes Laertiusm, 149Diogenes of Sinope, 149, 152Discourse on Method (by Descartes), 11Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons

Of The Christian Religion, A (by Collins) 84, 127

Dudley, D. R., 151Duns Scotus, John, 69Dury, John, 117, 119, 221–222

Eighteenth-Century Background, The (by Willey), 231

Emden, Jacob, 231, 241Emptiness: A Study in Religious Meaning

(by Streng), 50English, George Bethune, 293Enlightenment

conservative, 232–233, 240–241in Germany, 109radical, 109

Epictetus, 150Erasmus, Desiderius, 6, 197Esh Dat (by Nieto), 234–239, 241Essay Towards Restoring the True Text

of the Old Testament (by W. Whiston), 124, 126

Estienne, Henri, 11Ethics (by Spinoza), 27, 32, 64Ets Haim Library (Amsterdam),

202–204Feinberg, Harry, 200, 282Fell, Margaret, 34, 210Fifth Lateran Council, 8–9Finch, Henry, 215Fine, Gail, 174Fisher, Samuel, 34Fogelin, Robert, 47Forster, E. M., 13Foucault, Michel, 152Frankenberg, Abraham von, 114Free Speech Movement, 279French Academies of the Sixteenth

Century (by Frances Yates), 19Fuks, Leo, 202, 269Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way

(by J. Garfield), 50, 54Garber, Dan, 30Garfield, Jay, 41–45, 47–50, 52–54Garin, Eugenio, 8Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic

Tradition (by F. Yates), 25Goldin, Judah, 199, 261–262, 271–274,

287–291Goldmann, Lucien, 268Graetz, Heinrich, 21

Index 297

Grégoire, abbé Henri, 286Grene, Marjorie, 178Guattari, Félix, 68Guide to the Perplexed

(by Maimonides), 275Hagiz, Moses, 231Hall, Everett, 262Haller, Albrecht von, 147Hanegraaff, Wouter, 25Hartlib, Samuel, 116, 211Hartlib circle, 110, 114, 117Hasid, Rabbi Judah, 234Haskalah, 229–231, 233, 240–241, 243.

See also EnlightenmentHayyun, Nehemiah Hiyya, 234–241Heer, Friedrich, 113Hegel, G. W. F., 173Heidegger, Martin, 147Hellenga, Robert, 250–251Henrich, Dieter, 118Henry, Paul, 264–265Hermeticism, 22Heterodoxy, Spinozism and Free Thought

in Early Eighteenth-Century Europe (by Silvia Berti and Françoise Charles-Daubert), 32

Hill, Christopher, 112, 215, 226Hiss, Alger, 261, 276History of Zionism (by N. Sokolow), 214Hobbes, Thomas, 191Höistad, Ragnar, 151Huet, Pierre-Daniel, 156, 161–172

Descartes and, 172manuscripts of, 162–166Popkin’s research on, 162–165publications of, 162–165

Hume, David, 43, 44, 59, 62–64, 264, 282

Deleuze and, 58, 61Popkin’s view of, 28, 59, 160, 172

Idel, Moshe, 25Introduction to the History of Science

(by G. Sarton), 22International Archives of the History

of Ideas, 268, 277

Isaac ben Abraham of Troki, Rabbi, 39, 41, 57

Isaac Newton, publications ofGeneral Scholium, 77, 91, 92, 105Mathematical Principles of Natural

Philosophy, 77Opticks, 78, 93, 105Principia, 103, 105

Jessey, Henry, 220, 223–224Jewish religious thought, influence

on philosophy of, 82, 109Josephus, 242Journal of the History of Philosophy, 277,

287, 292Juan de la Cruz, 199Kabbalism, 28, 37Kant, Immanuel, 84Kaplan, Yosef, 32Katz, David S., 288Kennedy, John F., assassination

of, 280–281, 286–287Kierkegaard, Soren, 173, 275Kinner, Cyprian, 120Kolakowski, Leszek, 32Kripke, Saul, 43, 45–47Kristeller, Paul Oskar, 6, 8, 31,

261–262, 277Labrousse, Elisabeth, 261–262, 275La Jolla Jewish Community, 200La Mothe Le Vayer, François, 159,

182–186, 188, 190La Peyrère, Isaac, 17, 33, 208–209,

283, 285La Roche, Michel de, 128–133Largier, Niklaus, 151Larmore, Charles, 177Lenoble, Robert, 265Last of the Just

(by A. Schwartz-Bart), 274Law, William, 17Leibniz, Gottfried, 89–90Lennon, Thomas, 161Leroy, André-Louis, 264–265Levi, David, 123Logic of Sense, The (by G. Deleuze), 59

298 Index

Lombard, Peter, 12London, Jewish community in, 216Lowenthal, John, 261, 266, 275Lucian, 150Luther, Martin, 9Madyamika, 42, 52Maia Neto, Jose, 39, 155Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, 42, 50Malebranche, Nicolas, 237Malfatti de Montereggio, Jean, 63Marcuse, Herbert, 278–279Marranos, 199–202, 205, 271, 274

Popkin’s views of, 199, 202, 205–208, 210

role in history of philosophy, 28, 30, 33, 155, 173, 201, 254, 263

Marx, Karl, conference on, 268Mates, Benson, 254–255Mazella, David, 153McEvilley, Thomas, 52–55Méchoulan, Henri, 32Mede, Joseph, 111–112Menasseh ben Israel, 32, 40, 124, 142,

203, 206, 211, 217Mersenne, Marin, 117Messianism, Jewish, 206Millenarism, 285, 288

in Germany, 109Popkin’s view of, 288 nand Zionism, 214–216

Miracles, philosophical understanding of, 75

Mishnah, English translation of, 124, 134, 135, 137, 140

Montaigne, Michel de, 6, 115, 150and Charron, 155and Descartes, 156, 167Popkin and, 6, 11–13, 33, 74, 115 n,

155 n, 156 n, 157, 177, 178, 197, 198, 208, 254, 273, 290

and skepticism, 16, 160–161

More, Henry, 17, 111Morelli, Henry, 34, 36Nagarjuna, 42, 48–54

Nathan of Gaza. See Shapira, Nathan

‘New Christians’, 198. See also Marranos

Newton, Isaac, 17, 74–81, 83–85, 87, 88, 91–94, 98–101, 117

cosmological argument in, 82, 91–93, 98, 101

miracles and, 87–90Popkin’s view of, 29response to skepticism, 74and ‘Third Force’, 99

Niehaus-Pröbsting, Heinrich, 151–152Nieto, Hakham David, 231, 233–235

argument for God’s existence in, 236–237

books by, 234Norton, David F., 282Nussbaum, Martha, 147Ockham, William of, 4Ockley, Simon, 136, 138 Of Wisdom (by P. Charron), 157, 158, 160Oldenbourg, Henry, 33, 288Olivet, Father, 165Olmert, Ehud, 225Orobio da Castro, Isaac, 33, 205–206Paganini, Gianni, 157, 161Paul, Saint, 13Perler, Dominik, 177Permeier, Johann, 115Petuchowski, Jakob J., 236–237,

241, 243Philo of Alexandria, 242Philosophy, history of, 5–6, 28Philosophy Made Simple (by R.

Hellenga), 250–251Pinto, Isaac de, 16, 285Plato, 251, 255Pomponazzi, Pietro, 9Popkin, Richard H. See also: Bayle,

Pierre, Popkin’s work on; Charron, Pierre, Popkin’s research on; Gilles Deleuze, Popkin’s view of; Descartes, René, Popkin and; Huet, Pierre-Daniel, Popkin’s

Index 299

research on; Hume, David, Popkin’s view of; Marranos, Popkin’s view of; millenarianism, Popkin’s view of; Montaigne, Michel de, Popkin and; Newton, Isaac, Popkin’s view of; Sextus Empiricus, Popkin and; skepticism, Popkin, and; Spinoza, Popkin’s interest in; ‘third force’, Popkin’s definition of

and anti-communism in McCarthy period, 266

and Asian philosophy, 39and Avrum Stroll, 247, 252,

270, 280and Bibliothèque nationale,

264, 267and Bibliothèque de l’Histoire du

Protestantisme Française, 268and British Library, 269and City University of New York, 285and Ets Haim library, 202–203and Harvey Mudd College, 252, 263and Herzog August Bibliothek, 289and Hiss case, 261, 276and Isaac Newton, 74and Israel, 214, 224, 238, 261,

273, 274and Jewish studies, 24, 25, 33, 123,

206, 217, 233, 274and Judaism, 21–22, 197, 199–201,

207, 211, 271–274and Kennedy assassination, 261, 276,

286, 287and movements of 1960s, 279and Renaissance philosophy, 5, 7and religious thought, 28, 129and University of California,

Berkeley, 266and University of California, San

Diego, 216, 252, 276and University of Connecticut, 262and University of Iowa, 260–262, 272and Washington University (St.

Louis), 285, 289

and William Andrews Clark Library, 259

and Young Communist League, 267autobiographical essays by, 20, 197,

259, 271Fulbright year in France, 263Fulbright year in Netherlands, 273manic depression, 287methodological approach

of, 30–31, 97, 107, 125, 175, 247–248

papers of, xiipersonal religious experiences,

197–199, 271, 291working methods of, 31, 125writing of History of Scepticism, 73

Popkin, Richard, publications ofBooks of Scripture and the Books of

Nature, The (by J. Force and R. Popkin), 29, 32

Columbia History of Western Philosophy, 290

History of Scepticism, The, xi-xii, 6, 33–35, 73, 103, 111, 148, 156, 172, 177, 192, 193, 207, 264, 271and ancient skepticism, 101960 edition, xi, 6, 73, 1971979 edition, 5–6, 23, 28, 184,

207, 2872003 edition, xi, 5–6, 138, 255,

156, 161, 172and Reformation, 11Spinoza in, 28, 29writing of, 234, 238, 240

Introduction to Philosophy (by Popkin and A. Stroll), 253–254

Isaac La Peyrère (1596–1676): His Life, Work and Influence (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1987), 286

Jewish Christians and Christian Jews (by Popkin and G. Weiner), 32

Menasseh ben Israel and his World (by Popkin and Y. Kaplan), 32

Messianic Revolution (by Popkin and D. Katz), 217, 288

300 Index

Millenarism and Messianism in English Literature and Thought, 20

Philosophy Made Simple (by Popkin and A. Stroll), 219–25, 238–239, 247–252, 270

Second Oswald, The, 206, 281Skeptical Philosophy for Everyone (by

Popkin and A. Stroll), 252Spinoza, 27–28Third Force in Seventeenth Century

Thought, 103Popkin, Susan, 276Popkin, Zelda, 260, 262, 274Popper, Karl, 266Prado, Juan de, 36Preadamitae (by La Peyrère), 208Priestley, Joseph, 147Principles of Descartes’s Philosophy

(by Spinoza), 35Prophecy, religious, 112, 117

Clarke and, 79–80Newton and, 79–80, 82, 83Whiston and, 84, 85, 94

Pyrrhonists, 10, 44, 45, 47Quakers, 226Racism, Popkin’s research on, 256Ramsey, Andrew Michael, 17Randall, John Hermann, 6Rapetti, Elena, 162Religion

philosophy and, 12–13, 22, 27skeptical critique of, 35

Renaissance, philosophy in, 4–7, 16Rescher, Nicholas, 146Révah, Israel, 203–204Rosicrucian Enlightenment, The (by F.

Yates), 19Roth, Cecil, 199, 202–203, 206, 273Ruderman, David, 15Sabbatean movement, 229, 231, 241Sabbatai Zvi, 225, 229, 234–235, 286Sanchez, Francisco, 197, 198 n, 208Santinello, Giovanni, 3Sarton, George, 22Sasportas, Jacob, 231

Savonarola, 4, 6, 9, 12Scepticism. See SkepticismSchachter, Jacob J., 231Schmitt, Charles, 5Scholem, Gershom, 16, 18–20, 229

and ‘counter-history’, 18and kabbalah, 21

Searle, John, 254–257Serrarius, Peter, 222, 223, 225, 227 n, 288Sextus Empiricus, 6, 10, 43, 54, 73, 146,

148, 175, 182, 185, 254Popkin and, 5, 18Savonarola and, 9

Shabbetai Zevi. See Sabbatai ZviShape of Ancient Thought

(by T. McEvilley), 52Shapira, Nathan, 217–219, 224, 225Shelford, April, 161Shmoo (cartoon character), 15Simon, Richard, 136Skeptic Way, The (by B. Mates), 254Skepticism, 28, 47, 68, 154, 254

and Asian philosophy, 39, 52 nChristian responses to, 128–129Popkin and, 21, 28, 29, 33, 35, 50, 57,

58, 145–156, 160, 172, 197, 198, 256, 257

Wittgenstein and, 43Sloterdijk, Peter, 152Sokolow, Nahum, 214Spinoza, Benedict, 27–32

and Bayle, 28and Quakers, 16, 34, 217, 226, 227,

292and twentieth-century French

philosophy, 63Deleuze and, 57Jewish background of, 34, 37,

197–200Popkin’s interest in, 27, 28, 155religion and, 21, 28, 29, 31

Streng, Frederick, 50Stroll, Avrum, 247, 250, 252Surenhusius, William, 124, 128–141Swedenborg, Emanuel, 17

Index 301

Teresa, Saint, 199Thilly, Frank, 6‘Third force’ in early modern philosophy,

17, 73, 74, 99, 103, 108, 110–117in Germany, 109, 111, 114Popkin’s definition of, 112, 117

Thorndike, Lynn, 23Thousand Plateaus, A (by Deleuze and

Guattari), 60Three Dialogues between Hylas and

Philonous (by G. Berkeley), 43Three Imposters, The, 34Tractatus theologico-politicus (by

Spinoza), 33, 37, 67, 210Treatise of Human Nature (by Hume), 44,

103, 247Tschesch, Hans Theodor von, 114Tuck, Andrew P., 50–51Valdés, Juan de, 207, 209Valla, Lorenzo, 7Van den Berg, Jan, 32

Van Helmont, Francis Mercury, 110, 120

Warburg Institute, 24Watergate scandal, 286Watson, Richard A. “Red”, 262Webster, Charles, 17, 102Whichcote, Benjamin, 117Whiston, William, 17, 74, 80, 84, 85,

88, 90, 91, 94, 124–130, 135, 138, 222, 223

Willey, Basil, 231Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 43, 45, 47, 257Wittgenstein on Rules and Private

Language (by S. Kripke), 43Wollaston, William, 96–97Wotton, William, 136–142Ximenes, Cardinal, 16Yates, Frances, 16, 18–25, 230, 231Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim, 240Zionism, 214–216Zohar, 229