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NORMAN F. BARKA, Newsletter Editor, Department of Anthropology, The College of William and Mary, PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 USA

Index President's CornerPresident's Corner 1

SHANews 3

SHANewsletter EditorWanted 3

GuidelinesforSHANewsletter 3

Newsletter Editor's Report 3

SHA 2001Conference 4

SHA 2002Conference 4

2001 Call for Nominations 4

SHA Awards 2001 6

Call for Nominations:

John L. Cotter Award 8

Future Conference 9

Field School Opportunities 9

2002SHA Dissertation Prize 9

Notice of Death:

Malcolm Watkins 9

News from the Register 10

Current Publications 12

Reviews in HistoricalArchaeology 13

Images of the Past:

Audrey BainesNoel Hume 13

Inter-Society News 14

Learning HistoricalArchaeology 16

TeachingHistoricalArchaeology 19

Current Research 20

Northeast 20

Pacific West 20

UnderwaterNews 24

Meetingsof Interest 31

RecentPublications 32

ACUA Photo Competition 32

CalvinR.Cummings MemorialFund 32

People YouShould Know 33

Looking Forward

As we begin the twenty-first century,the Society for Historical Archaeology is be­ginning a period of significant transition.Over the next several months we will bechanging our business office provider, andduring the next two years we will see con­siderable change in key volunteer roles, be­ginning with the position of Newsletter edi­tor following current editor NormanBarka's decision to step down at the end ofthis year. I would like to use this forum tointroduce five topics that will have an im­pact on our Society in the near future: (1)Change in the business office; (2) An opencallfor a Newsletter editor; (3)Considerationof a new set of ethical principles; (4)Evalu­ation of board and governance structure;and (5) Continuing the tradition ofvolunteerism.

1. Change in the Business Office: Last yearthe Board decided to begin putting its con­tracts out to bid. The first contract was forthe business office, with other RFP's ex­pected during 2001 in anticipation of re­newal of editorial contracts. Larry McKee,chair of the Business Oversight Committee,coordinated a time-intensive process of for­mulating a scope of work and putting thecontract out to bid. To the surprise of theBoard, Michael Rodeffer (backcountry ar­chaeology) opted not to submit a proposal,effectively meaning that he will be steppingdown as business office manager by mid­year 2001. The proposal submitted by theResource Center for Associations (RCA) hasbeen approved in principle by the boardand, pending final contract ne.gotiatio~s,

RCAwill assume the role of business officeprovider. The expected transf~r of busi~essoffice matters will take place in the spnng,

with a full transition expected before themid-year board meeting in May. Given theexcellent organization and diligence ofMichael Rodeffer and the skills of the per­sonnel at RCA, we anticipate a seamlesstransfer of information and services. Weonthe board are thankful for the many yearsof professional service that MichaelRodeffer has provided the Society and lookforward to his continued participationwithin the SHA.Weanticipate that RCAwillfulfill our existing business office needs.Moreover, we hope that they will work withthe Membership Committee (RobertClouse, chair) to assist us in expanding theSociety's roster of members and with theDevelopment Committee (Marcy Gray,chair) in a new initiative to expand fund­raising efforts through development cam­paigns. Looking forward, we also hope th~t

they might assist the Conference Commit­tee and local organizing committees in en­hancing the business aspects of the Society'sannual meetings. I anticipate that my dis­cussion in the Summer 2001Newsletter willfocus more specifically on RCA (after thecontracts are signed).

2. An Open Call for a Newsletter Editor:Norman E Barka has announced that hewill step down as our SHA Newsletter edi­tor at the end of the current year. For morethan eighteen years, the Society has ben­efited from the wonderful and consistentjob that Norman has done as editor. Wehave also greatly benefited from the con­tinual contributions made by the College ofWilliam and Mary in providing Normanwith space, time, and support. The News­letteris a vital source of timely informationand communication for our members. Ifyou feel that you possess the skills needed

Continued on Page 2.

President's CornerContinued from Page 1

to organize and edit this quarterly publica­tion and that you can get support from yourinstitution to assist you, please contactNorman Barka, chair of the Newsletter Edi­tor Search Committee (see details on Page3).

3. Consideration of a New Set of EthicalPrinciples: The board is currently consid­ering a new set of ethical principles that hasbeen put forward by the Standards and Eth­ics Committee (Henry Miller, chair). Whilea decision to approve these standards wastabled at our last board meeting, pending adesire of the board to examine the text moreclosely, it is likely that during the year theboard will make a recommendation in fa­vor of new standards (to replace Article VIIof our current bylaws). Since this action in-

volves a change in our bylaws, final ap­proval depends on a vote of the member­ship. If you have questions, contact HenryMiller.

4. Evaluation of Board and GovernanceStructure: As we enter a period of signifi­cant change, it is appropriate that we evalu­ate the infrastructure of our Board of Di­rectors. In fact, the board has functionedquite well, and my limited experience ofchairing one board meeting suggests thatmuch of this success is due to careful long­range planning and the dedication of ourmany committee chairs. Still, looking for­ward one finds a proposal circulating to for­mally recognize the Society's Web editor asa board member. There is also a question asto whether, in the future, anyone wouldwish to assume the dual role of secretaryand treasurer, for fear of overloading them­selves with responsibility. Clearly, we mustevaluate the implications of any changes in

light of the overall structure of the board.For these reasons I have asked President­Elect Vergil Noble, ACUA Chair ToniCarrell, Past President Susan Henry Renaudand Board Member WilliamMoss to join mein a preliminary step of evaluating theboard structures of comparable organiza­tions. This will help us in assessing furtherstudy and evaluation. I invite members whohave a keen interest in governance to con­tact me with their ideas and perhaps to jointhis ad-hoc committee.

5. Continuing the Tradition ofVolunteerism: Over the years we have ben­efited from the longitudinal contributionsof members who have consistently given ofthemselves at a level that is far above thatoften associated with professional organi­zations. Few organizations can say that theyhave members who have served with suchdedication and distinction as 2001 RuppeAward Winner Norman F. Barka. Nor dothey have so many people who work tire­lessly, year after year, in positions rangingfrom Conference Book Room Coordinator(Lawrence Babits) to Awards CommitteeChair (Robert Schuyler). Each of these in­dividuals has volunteered his services inthese roles for well over a decade, and eachhas decided to step down from these posi­tions within the next year. I have appointedMary Beaudry to take over as chair of theAwards Committee, but the other two po­sitions are open, and I invite you to contactNorman and Larry for details on these po­sitions.

Aswe move forward, I wish to thank allthose who have contributed to the society. Iwould also like to reach out to SHA mem­bers to encourage you to step forward to fillthe open positions and make contributionsthat use your knowledge and skills. At thebusiness meeting in Long Beach, I told thosepresent of my charge to committee chairs toreach out and include someone who they didnot personally know on their committees. Iwould like to use this opportunity to callyourattention to the list of "People You ShouldKnow" on Page 33 of this Newsletter. I nowask you to find a committee to which youwould like to contribute and give the chairof that committee a call to inform him or herof your interest. These committees are theheart and soul of our Society. Their chairs andmembers have done a remarkable job of put­ting forward the goals and objectives of ourSociety and the field of historical archaeol­ogy,but they need your ideas and energy. Itis my hope that in this inevitable change wewill emerge with our commitment tovolunteerism fully intact and with an ex­panded number of members who feel as ifall aspects of our organization are accessibleand that they have a say in governance.

Douglas V. Armstrong

SHANews

WANTED-NEW SHA NEWSLETTER EDITORThe current SHANewsletter editor will resign his duties upon the selection of a new SHANewsletter editor by the SHA Board

of Directors. All members interested in assuming this volunteer position should contact Norman F. Barka at his regular postaladdress or via E-mail (see "People You Should Know" section of this Newsletter for addresses), listing his/her qualifications andinstitutional support.

Duties of the SHA Newsletter editor include the following:

Organize four issues of the SHA Newsletter per year to meet a printer's deadline; each issue could vary in length from 30 to80 pages.

Assemble news and information about historical archaeology worldwide in a consistent and timely fashion.

Appoint assistant editors and coordinators worldwide to gather information to be submitted to the Newsletter editor.

Appoint and oversee a copy editor.

Appoint and oversee a graphic specialist who will do the final composition of each issue in Pagemaker 6.

• Attend mid-year and January board meetings; chair Newsletter Editorial Advisory Committee.

The Newsletter editor will need institutional/company support for telephone calls to assistant editors, to the business office,etc. He/she will need a computer and printer, as well as a high quality scanner and regular access to E-mail and the Internet. Theinstitution/company may have to support a person(s) to type and organize copy, a copy editor, and/or a graphics specialist tocompose final copy on Pagemaker or similar program.

A person in the discipline is preferred. All interested members should send a proposal addressing the points listed aboveplus a list of experience in historical archaeology, printing, graphics, newsletter or journal production, etc. Deadline 1 May 2001.

Guidelines for SHA Newsletter

Allinformation and news should be sent to the SHA Newsletter editor by the deadlinesestablished for each issue. All submissions must be made via E-mail as an attached file, inWord 97 if possible. If an E-mail submission is not possible, information must be submittedvia disc, in Word 97.Line or AutoCAD drawings appropriate to the research should be sentvia E-mail or disc.

Photographs appropriate to the research or topic may be submitted, but they mightnot be used. Black/white, color prints, or slides will be accepted. Photos can be sent elec­tronically as JPEGOrTIFFfiles at 300dpi or above. Submitted photos and drawings will notbe returned unless requested by the sender.

Current research contributions should be related to a single specific subject, such as asite investigation, project investigation, or a thematic research topic. Each contributionshould contain as much of the following information as applicable: 1. Name and addressesof project directors and funding/administrative agencies; 2. A concise statement of the re­search problems being investigated, including goals and purposes for conducting the re­search; 3. Geographical location of the research; 4. A concise statement of the major resultsof the research, including citations of manuscript and published reports completed andinformation as to the current and proposed location of new artifact collections created fromthe research.

Current research should be typed, double-spaced, and identified by state or country,site, and/or thematic topic. The name of the writer of the contribution(s) should also beincluded, if possible. Individual contributions should be brief, usually one or two double­spaced pages in length. Longer submissions will be accepted on a space-available basis.

Contributions should be sent to your appropriate Newsletter Area Coordinator, listedin the "People YouShould Know" section of this edition of the SHA Newsletter.

Reminder - 2001 Call for Nominations

The annual SHA nominations and elections process is now under way, and yourinput is requested.

In 2001, the SHA membership will be electing persons to fill the following posi­tions: president (2003), two SHA directors (2002-2004), two Nominations and ElectionsCommittee members (2002), and two members of the Advisory Council on Underwa­ter Archaeology (ACUA) (2002-2005).

For2001,the SHAnominations process is being carried out by a committee chairedby the immediate past president (Susan L. Henry Renaud, snjren@gateway.net), andcomposed of the two SHA directors who just completed their terms at the January2001 annual meeting (Marcy Gray, mgray@graypape.com, and Doug Scott,doug_scott@nps.gov) and the two elected committee members for 2001 (joe Joseph,jwjoseph@newsouthassoc.com, and Elizabeth Kellar, ekellar@mindspring.com). Whileserving on this committee, its members are not eligible for nomination or election. Thiscommittee develops a slate for SHA board approval, taking into consideration the sug­gestions of the board and the membership at large. The committee will develop a slatethat represents the organization's membership "profile," in terms of gender, geographicregion, employment affiliation, and the results of the 1998membership survey. In ad­dition, the committee will explore ways to "internationalize" the slate, in an effort tomore fully represent the global nature of contemporary historical archaeology in all ofits constituencies.

Acommittee chaired by Paul Johnston Gohnstonpf@nmah.si.edu), ex-officiomem­ber of the ACUA, and including two ACUAmembers, develops the slate of ACUAnomi­nees and provides it for inclusion in the overall SHA slate of nominees. After the slatehas been developed, it is presented to the SHA Board of Directors for discussion, pos­sible modification, and approval. The combined slates are published in the summerissue of the Newsletter and posted on the SHA Web site.

Nominees are asked to prepare responses to a series of questions so that memberswill be more informed in their voting. Nominee statements, including their responsesto these questions, will appear with the ballot in late summer.

Who is Chosen to Run for Office? Persons who agree to run for office must becurrent SHA members and agree to abide by Article VIIof the Bylaws of the Society forHistorical Archaeology "Ethical Positions." In addition, they should have experience inand a solid understanding of the field of archaeology. Equally important for each indi­vidual is his or her willingness to devote time and effort on behalf of the SHA.Last fall,for the first time, information about members' willingness to serve was solicited onmember renewal notices to give the committee a pool of volunteers to draw from. Priorservice to the society is taken into consideration but is not a prerequisite for a person'snomination.

Member Input into the Nominations Process. There are two ways that memberscan participate in the nominations process: (1) you can submit names to the commit­tee; and (2)you can make nominations "from the floor."

1. Submit Names to the Committee. If you would like to submit names for thecommittee's consideration for the 2001 slate of candidates, please contact any memberof the Nominations and Elections Committee or the ACUA nominating committee chair(see above for names and E-mail addresses).

2. Make Nominations "From the Floor."Society members may nominate individu­als "from the floor" for any of the positions up for election in a particular year. Accord­ing to the Society's bylaws, a name can be added for any position on the approvedslate if that person's nomination is supported by five (5)SHA members in good stand­ing. You may use the form included here to submit nominations from the floor, orindividual letters containing the same information may be submitted in support of aparticular individual. All completed nominations from the floor must be received bythe chair of the Nominations and Elections Committee no later than 1 June 2001 (seeform for complete address and contact information). The chair of the committee willadd to the slate the names of individuals nominated from the floor. These individualswill also be asked to respond to the same questions as the other nominees.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Sue Henry Renaud atsnjren@gateway.net.

SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY2001 ELECTIONS

NOMINATIONS FROM THE FLOOR(Use this form only if you are submitting a nomination from the floor.)

Name of nominee:-------------------------------------Position for which you are nominating: President (2003) SHA Director (2002-04) ACUA Director (2002-05) SHA Nominationsand Elections Committee (2002)

Address: ----------------------------------

Phone:------------ Fax: _ E-mail: -------------Qualifications of nominee for position (use additional pages if necessary):

Name of person submitting nomination: _

Phone: _ Fax: _ E-mail: _

Signatures and printed names of five current SHA members who have agreed to support this nomination:

___________________________ Phone: _

___________________________ Phone: _

~ Phone: _

___________________________ Phone: _

___________________________ Phone: _

1. Signature:

Name:

2. Signature:

Name:

3. Signature:

Name:

4. Signature:

Name:

5. Signature:

Name:

Susan L. Henry Renaud, chair of the Nominations and Elections Committee, must receive all completed nomination forms byno later than 1 June 2001 at the following address: 113 E. Raymond Ave., Alexandria, VA22301. If you have questions, contactSue at snjren@gateway.net (E-mail), 703.549.9057 (telephone and fax).

SHA Awards 2001The 2001 Awards Ceremony was held on three different evenings on the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California.

The ceremony was organized by Robert L. Schuyler. The following awards were presentedby Susan Henry Renaud, SHA President:

J. C. Harrington Medal:Presented to Roberta S. Greenwood. Background information given by John M. Foster. [See Historical Archaeology for details.)

Carol V; Ruppe Distinguished Service Award:Presented to Norman E Barka. Background information given by Marley R. Brown III. [See Historical Archaeology for details.)

John L. Cotter Award:Presented to Audrey J. Horning. Background information given by Henry M. Miller. [See Historical Archaeology for details.)

SHA Awards of MeritWilliam J.Wallace and Edith T.Wallace forpioneering and innovative research on thehistorical archaeology of California.

It is with great pleasure that the Soci­ety for Historical Archaeology presents tothe Wallaces, Dr. William and Edith Taylor,the Society's award of merit. Since theirdays at the University of California, Berke­ley, Bill and Edith have proved a marvel­ous archaeological team and have workedthroughout the state of California on a di­verse number of archaeological sites. How­ever, tonight we wish to focus on their earlywork in historical archaeology. In 1946,when the city of Monterey was celebratingthe one-hundredth anniversary of the rais­ing of the American flag over that city, theWallaceswere involved in the search for the

remains of the flagpole associated with thatevent on July 7, 1846.

Abit more than a decade later they ex­cavated at the Hugo Reid adobe in Los An­geles. This was followed by a project in 1960on the De La Osa adobe house and black­smith shop at Los Encinos State Park, alsoin Los Angeles.

Their next reported work in historicalarchaeology was in 1972at Death ValleyNa­tional Monument, where they excavatedthree sites:Wildrose Canyon Charcoal kilns,the Harmony Borax Works, and the EagleBorax Works. These projects no doubt pro­vided historical verisimilitude for the talestold by former President Reagan as host ofDeath ValleyDays, hosted by 20mule teamborax.

The following year aanuary-February1973)the Wallacesworked in Old Town SanDiego doing excavations at the Machado-

Roberta S.Greenwood, recipient ofthe

l.C.Harrington Medal in LongBeach

2001. Aboard theQueen Mary.

Photo by Patrick Smith

Silvas adobe and then later in 1973 andagain in 1974. Bill and Edith returned toMonterey, where they excavated at the Coo­per-Molera Adobe House. This was to pre­pare for the restoration of the building thatwas planned by the National Trust and Cali­fornia State Parks.

As was common at the time, much oftheir historical work was aimed at the ar­chitectural information needed to identifyand restore historic structures. However,they went well beyond simply identifyingfoundations of walls and room layouts.They broadened their view of the excava­tion to focus on the artifacts representingthe people who lived at these sites, as goodanthropologists should. In addition, theylooked beyond the ground and addressedquestions of culture change suggested bythe standing structures, an area that hasrecently become of more interest to histori­cal archaeologists.

The seminal work done by Bill andEdith Wallace has been published in thecases of the Hugo Reid adobe, the de la Osaadobe at Los Encinos, and the work inDeath Valley. Their excavation reports onthe Machado-Silvas adobe and the Cooper­Molera adobe really SHOULD have beenpublished, as they are excellent studies andhave been valuable to later archaeologistsfrom California State Parks working in bothof those parks.

Despite their accomplishments in his­torical archaeology, Billand Edith have re­tained their early interest in prehistoric ar­chaeology, which helped fillin the time be­tween the really wonderful historicalprojects. In doing so, they have become wellknown either in person or by reputationthroughout the state of California. For thosefortunate enough to know them in person,this has been a special treat because theyare without doubt two of the most delight­ful and thoughtful people who have sur­faced in the field of archaeology, the veryimage of an effective and cooperative hus­band-wife professional team.

It is therefore with sincere admiration fortheir more than half a century of archaeo­logical excellence and particularly theirearly attention to oft-maligned historicalresources that the Society for Historical Ar­chaeology makes this well-deserved presen­tation.

Martha Williams for creating and buildinga permanent educational bridge betweenthe general public and the Society for His­torical Archaeology.

The Society for Historical Archaeologypresents its Award of Merit to Martha R.Williams in recognition of her outstandingcontribution to the promotion of public out­reach and education in historical archaeol­ogy.

Public education shared top billingwith immigration and ethnicity at the 1996annual meeting of the SHA, and it is thetheme of the 2001 meeting. The AmericanAnthropological Association and the Soci­ety for American Archaeology similarlyhave recognized the importance of publicoutreach through publications, Web sites,and conference themes. Our recipient of theAward of Merit, Martha R. Williams, is notsolely, or even principally responsible forthese developments; but she was among thefew-one of the leaders-who spearheadedthe public outreach movement at a timewhen such efforts were not widely re­spected or appreciated.

I first met Martha in March of 1992. Iwas a contributor to a session called "Cur­rent Initiatives in ArchaeologicalEducation"that Martha co-organized and co-chairedwith Louise Akerson for the Middle Atlan­tic Archaeological Conference in OceanCity, Maryland. Martha had by that timebeen involved in archaeology for twentyyears, a graduate of one of Ivor NoelHume's field schools for schoolteachers.Public outreach was not the conferencetheme that year: that honor went to the"Contact Ethnography in the Middle Atlan­tic" session. In fact, the education sessionwas scheduled for Friday afternoon, per­haps the worst slot for the Middle Atlanticconference, with the possible exception ofSunday morning. Nineteen ninety-two alsomarked the first year that educational ma­terials were displayed at that conferenceand the first year that a workshop in publicschool teaching strategies was offered.

By 1992, Martha had retired fromnearly thirty years of teaching social stud­ies and more than a dozen years teachingarchaeology to teachers. She had earned hermaster's in applied history from GeorgeMason University in 1987and had workedseveral years for the firm of R. ChristopherGoodwin and Associates, a prominent cul­tural resources management firm withwhich she is still affiliated. Martha was alsorecent past-chair and soon to be reap-

pointed chair of the SHA Public Educationand Information Committee, of which shewas a co-founder in 1986.

Since our first meeting in 1992,Marthahas promoted archaeological education andfought for the recognition that it deserves.I have seen her work hard, at times veryhard, to launch committee initiatives andto secure funding for those initiatives.Among the programs started duringMartha's six years as chair of the PublicEducation Committee: teacher workshopsand training sessions, production and dis­tribution of teaching materials, the annualpublic session at the SHA conference, aregular public education column in the SHANewsletter, and an audiovisual program onhistorical archaeology. Some of these pro­grams have become fixtures in the life of theorganization; others have yet to come toterm. All mark a serious commitment topublic outreach and owe their existence, atleast in part, to Martha's leadership.

Martha resigned as chair of the PublicEducation Committee in 1997,but she hasnot resigned from public education. On thecontrary, she has taken the fight to new are­nas. As a project manager with Goodwinand Associates,Martha has been at the fore­front of public outreach in the private busi­ness sector, executing publications and ex­hibits in connection with cultural resourcesmanagement projects. While few among ushave both her extensive experience andgraduate training in both teaching and ar­chaeology, those of us who have been pay­ing attention realize that yes, you can profitboth materially and professionally in pub­lic outreach; not by diluting the scientificstudy of the past, but by bringing new un-

Norman F. Barka, recipient of the

Carol Ruppe Distinguished Service

Award in LongBeach 2001. Aboard

theQueen Mary.

Photo by Patrick Smith

derstanding and the wonder of discoveryto all people. And Martha's innovative ap­proaches, e.g., press conferences for schoolnewspaper journalists and their advisers,show how commercial archaeology canpromote public outreach and provide re­sources necessary for experimentation.

Martha did not turn her back on vol­unteer work when she resigned as chair ofthe Public Education Committee ... far fromit. Aside from her participation in the probono work in which her employer often en­gages, Martha heads a volunteer archaeo­logical study of the Brent plantation site inStafford County, Virginia. Conducted out­side of any governmental mandate, thisstudy was requested by the Diocese of Ar­lington so that it might better understandand interpret a cemetery and presumedCatholic chapel site in its care. Thanks toMartha and her trained band of avocationalarchaeologists, several gross misconcep­tions have been exposed (no, there was nei­ther a Jesuit mission nor a chapel on thesite), and the home site of one of the moredistinguished families in Chesapeake colo­nial history has been tested and nominatedto the National Register. We are cautiouslyoptimistic, also, that this work will success­fully inspire the passage of cultural re­sources management legislation in StaffordCounty and, perhaps, encourage fundingfor a professional archaeologist to ensureimplementation of that legislation.

In presenting this award to Martha, theSHA not only recognizes her efforts in, andcommitment to, public outreach; it recog­nizes and lauds all of those who haveworked for,and not just talked about, a trulypublic archaeology. Games G. Gibb)

Call for Nominations: John L. Cotter AwardThe SHA Awards Committee is pleased

to announce the third call for nominationsfor the John L. Cotter Award. Nominatorsneed to be SHA members. The Cotter Awardis given to historical archaeologists at thestart of their careers. They can be either intraining as undergraduate or graduate stu­dents or within the first five years of theirprofessional careers. The award is given fora single achievement which is truly out­standing in its respective category, but thenature and variety of categories are open.An achievement may be an individual item(e.g.,a first book) or a more general category(e.g., building historical archaeology withina local archaeological society). Examples ofsuch achievements include:

A first major publication(book, monograph, or report)

A significant articleMajor political work for historic

archaeologyAn outstanding master's thesisPublicity for the discipline in the

mass mediaA major museum exhibitSignificant work for a scholarly

organization

However, the range and variety of con­tributions and achievements are fully open,and the above categories are only obviousexamples.

Nominators must fill out the Nomina­tion Form and return it to the chair of theAwards Committee by June 30or earlier.Thenominator will work with the chair in as­sembling a nomination file which, in turn,must be completed by October 1. The filewill consist of:

Nomination Form

JOHN L. COTTER AWARDIN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

NAME (nominee) _

FULLADDRESS _

REASON FOR NOMINATION (Please attach a typed, double-spaced statement.)

Deadline for submitting a Nomination Form: 30 June

Deadline for having all materials completed for a Nomination File: 1 October

NAME (nominator) _

FULLADDRESS _

1. the typed, double-spaced, formal nomi­nation

2. an up-to-date vita for the nominee3. a copy or sample of the specific achieve­

ment4. supporting materials including summa­

tions or different evidence of the achieve­ment and endorsements from secondarynominators.

Note: Secondary nominators are not re­quired, but if used they can either add theirnames to the original nomination statementor write separate letters of support. 1£ theywrite letters, they are to be no more thantwo double-spaced, typed pages long.

Secondary nominators, unlike the pri­mary nominator, do not have to be mem­bers of the SHA or even in the field of his­torical archaeology.

Nominators should work closely withthe chair of the Awards Committee in sup­plying the above items for completing anomination file, and this process must becompleted by October I at the latest.

TELEPHONE _

Return copy of form to:Robert L. SchuylerChair, SHA Awards CommitteeUniversity of Pennsylvania Museum33rd & Spruce StreetsPhiladelphia, PA 19104Tel:215.898.6965E-mail: schuyler@sas.upenn.edu

E-MAIL, _

Future Conference

Pioneer America Society 33rd Annual Conference:The Pioneer America Society will hold its 33rd annual conference in

Bardstown, Kentucky, 18-20 October 2001. The meeting will be held at the Holi­day Inn in historic Bardstown. The host for this event will be Distinguished Pro­fessor Allen G. Noble of the University of Akron, in Ohio. The theme for this year'sconference is "Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Frontiers." The Saturday fieldtrip will feature a private walking tour and midday meal at the Shaker Village ofPleasant Hill. Then, in the afternoon, the field trip will visit Fort Harrod, the site ofthe first permanent English settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains; Danville'sConstitution Square, the site where Kentucky's first constitution was framed andadopted; and Perrysville Battlefield, the site of Kentucky's bloodiest CivilWarbattle.The conference committee is currently soliciting proposals for papers, special ses­sions, and panel discussions relating to the conference theme. Papers relating toKentucky are especially welcome, but presentations on all material culture topicsof interest to the Society will be considered. The abstract deadline is 1 September2001.

For guidelines and complete conference information, contact Allen G. Noble,Department of Geography and Planning, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325;tel. 330.972.8038; fax: 330.972.6080; or E-mail: Bussey@uakron.edu.Student membership in the Pioneer America Society is still$10a year and includessubscriptions to the Society's two journals, Material Culture and P.A. S.T. Studentsalso receive a discount on the conference registration fees.

Field School 0W0rtunities

• The University of Buffalo's Department of Anthropology announces an archaeologicalfield school at the site of Old Fort Niagara in scenic Youngstown, New York. Fort Niagara,which began as a seventeenth-century French trading post, came under British control in1759and was transferred to American control in 1796.Situated at the junction of the NiagaraRiver and Lake Ontario, Fort Niagara played important roles in military history, trade, andsettlement from the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. The 2001 season will focuson the excavation of the British guardhouse sites from 1768.These guardhouses formedpart of an inner stockade offering protection to the"castle"; with one guardhouse assignedto officers and the other to enlisted men, research questions will focus on how these groupsof soldiers lived in eighteenth-century Fort Niagara. The field school will offer opportuni­ties for hands-on experience in archaeological methods and techniques, including excava­tion, documentation, artifact processing, and analysis.

The field school will run from 21 May to 29June 2001.Sixcredit hours will be offered.For more information, please contact Dr. Elizabeth S. Pefia at 645.2414 orepena@acsu.buffalo.edu. For more information on Old Fort Niagara, seewww.oldfortniagara.org. Old Fort Niagara is operated by the Old Fort Niagara Associationin cooperation with the New YorkState office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preserva­tion.

• Summer Archaeology in Southern Russia at the Chastiye Kurgans: Information on thearchaeological site, the leaders of the expedition, dates of the session, and other pertinentinformation is available on the CSEN Web site at: http:www.csen.org or directly on theChastiye Kurgans Information page at: http://csen.org/2001%20Chastiye%20Kurgans/Chastiye%20Kurgans.html.

Please address any questions to: Dr. Jeannine Davis-Kimball, Executive Director; Cen­ter for the Studies of Eurasian Nomads; 577 San Clement Street; Ventura, CA 93001 USA.Phone and fax 805.653.2607; Web site: http://csen.org.

Notice of DeathMalcolm Watkins died on 12 January2001.He was former Curator of Ameri­can Culture at the Museum of Ameri­can History, Smithsonian Institutionand a recipient of the Society for His­torical Archaeology Award of Merit in1996. Malcolm was an impressivescholar who strongly supported his­torical archaeology and the study of ce­ramic history. He was also a very kindperson who genuinely cared about hiscolleagues and students. He is sur­vived by his widow, Joan PearsonWatkins.

News from the Register

What is the Value of Being an RPA?

Recruiting almost always demands trying to answer "why?" In this case, the questions are "Whyshould I become a Registered Professional Archaeologist?" "What does it do for me?" "What does itdo for the profession?" Here are some answers to consider.

• The Register enhances the legal value of being a pro­fessional archaeologist. Archaeologists testifying as expertwitnesses in land claim cases, for example, can have theircredibility challenged by attorneys. Registration providescredentials that can be of enormous value in the legalarena.

• The Register enhances the social, economic, and politi­cal value of being a professional archaeologist because itpromotes recognition by other professions. It comes as asurprise to many archaeologists that the public at largeand the legal system often do not recognize archaeolo­gists to be professionals in the same sense as architects,accountants, engineers, or medical practitioners. The Reg­ister helps to develop an image of archaeology as a pro­fession and RPAsas professionals.

• The Register is a community of colleagues who haveaccepted the Code of Conduct and Standards of ResearchPerformance for the benefit of the profession and culturalresources. It is an integrative link that helps to developcommon values among all professional archaeologists.

• The Register encourages high standards in the trainingand performance of archaeologists with its publishedCode of Conduct and Standards of Research Performance.

• The Register administers grievance procedures to pro­tect both the public and the profession by a thorough andimpartial investigation should it be alleged that a Regis­tered Professional Archaeologist has failed to comply withthe Code and Standards. Professional peers conduct thegrievance process, which recognizes archaeologists' com­mon responsibility to the profession, the public, and theresources.

• The last several presidents of the SM and the SHA arelisted on the Register, and the current president of theAlA is an RPA as well. These leaders within our profes­sion recognize the value of endorsing and adhering tothe Register's Code and Standards.

• The value of being a Registered Professional Archae­ologist lies in accountability. By taking this step, the RPAis saying to the world that I am a professional, I will ad­here to the Standards and Code, and I willingly subjectmyself to the grievance process for any breaches of mis­conduct. In the absence of a requirement that all archae­ologistsbe registered and take continuing education cred­its, an archaeologist can take no more meaningful steptoward recognition by his/her peers, the regulatory com­munity, clients, and the lay public as a professional thanto become registered voluntarily.

• There is a growing trend for states to require PrincipalInvestigators of archaeological research projects to be listedon the Register or its equivalent.

• The Register works with sponsoring or affiliated schol­arly organizations (e.g., the SM, SHA, and AlA)to mutu­ally promote the Code and Standards.

• The Register promotes a public image that enhancesthe difference between professional archaeologists andtreasure hunters (e.g., commercial salvers).

• The Register promotes lifelong education for profes­sional archaeologists.

• The Register promotes closer ties between the acad­emy and archaeologists working in the private sector,gov­ernment, and museums.

• Listing on the Register helps to market new profession­als in archaeology by enhancing their professional imageand credentials.

For these reasons and more, all archaeologists have a re­sponsibility to promote professionalism. The question isnot just what can the Register do for us, or what are thebenefits of registration, but what can we do to promotethe profession and its standards. Being an RPAis a per­sonal commitment to enhancing the standards, status, anddignity of the field.

ATTENTION STUDENTS!

Aspart of its recruitment drive, the Register hopes to reachgraduate students in archaeology who are about to com­plete or have recently completed an M.A.or Ph.D. degreeto apply for registration. If they do so within six monthsof graduation, the Register will waive the application fee.Apply now! Pass the word!

FIELDSCHOOL CERTIFICATION PANELS

The Register has organized panel discussion of field schoolcertification at the 2001 annual meetings of the AlA, theSHA, and the SM.

Donald HardestyPresident of the RegisterReproduced by Permission of the Society for AmericanArchaeology

Current PublicationsVergil E. Noble

SHA received thefollowing publications forpossible journal review duringtheprevious quarter. Publishers andauthors are encouraged tosend new titles of potential interest to Annalies Corbin, SHA Reviews Editor, P.A. S.I Foundation, 9604 Cougar Dr., Bozeman, MT59718-8302. Please besureto include price andordering information.

Banning, E. B.2000 The Archaeologist's Laboratory: The Analysis of Ar­chaeological Data. xviii+ 316 pp., 168figs., tables. Order: KluwerAcademic/Plenum Publishers, 233 SpringSi.,7thFloor, NewYork,NY 10013-1578 or Internet <http://www.wkap.nl>; $69.50 pa­per.

Bouchard, Pierre2000 Etude socio-economique des habitants de mot Huntd'apres la collection archeologique, 1850-1900: cinquiemecampagne de fouilles archeologiques, CELAT, Universite Laval,Quebec City. Cahier d' archeologie du CELAT, no. 7. xii + 130pp., 34 figs., 14 tables. Order: CELAT, Faculte des lettres, PavillonCharles-de Koninck, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada G1K7P4;E-mail <celat@celat.ulaval.ca>; or Internet <http://www.fl.ulaval.calcelatlcadres114.htm>; $15.00 (CND), postageandhandling $2.50 (CND) forfirst volume and$0.50(CND) foreach additional volume to Canada and U.S., $4.00 (CND), plus$1.00 (CND) for each additional volume, to Europe.

Boucher, Guylaine2000 Les habitudes alimentaires des habitants de mot Hunt(CeEt-llO) de 1850 a1900: etude archeozoologique. CELAT,Ilnioersite Laval, Quebec City. Cahier d' archeologie du CELAT,no. 8. xii + 186 pp., 45 figs., 22 tables. Order: CELAT, Faculie deslettres, Pavilion Charles-de Koninck, Universite Laval, Quebec,Canada G1K 7P4; E-mail <celat@celat.ulaval.ca>; or Internet<http://www.fl.ulaval.calcelatlcadresl14.htm>; $15.00 (CND),postage and handling $2.50 (CND) for first volume and $0.50(CND) for each additional volume to Canada and U.S., $4.00(CND), plus$1.00 (CND) foreach additional volume, to Europe.

Craig, Alan K2000 Spanish Colonial Gold Coins in the Florida Collection.University Press ofFlorida, Gainesville. xiv + 94 pp., ca. 50 figs.,16color pls., 17 tables. Order: University Press of Florida, 15 NW15th Street, Gainesville, FL 32611-2079; Tel 1.800.226.3822; orInternet <http://www.up!com>; $49.95.

Hardesty,Donald L., and Barbara I. Little2000 Assessing Site Significance: A Guide for Archaeologistsand Historians. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, CA. xi + 184pp., 1fig., 12 tables. Order: Roman & Littlefield Publishing Group,15200 NBN Way, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214-0191; Tel1.800.462.6420; $62.00, $23.95 paper.

Koons, Kenneth E.,and WarrenR. Hofstra,editors2000 After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley ofVirginia, 1800-1900. The University of Tennessee Press, Knox­ville. xxix + 314 pp., 51 figs, 16 maps, 17 tables. Order: The Uni­versity of Tennessee Press, Chicago Distribution Center, 11030South Langley Ave., Chicago, IL 60628; Tel 1.800.621.2736; E­mail < utpress2@utk.edu>, Internet <http://sunsite.utk.edu/utpress >; $48.00.

Orser, Charles E.,IT.2000 Introducci6n a la Arqueologia Hist6rica. Asociaci6nAmigosdel InstitutoNacional deAntropologfa, Buenos Aires. 119pp., 3 figs. Order: Ediciones del Tridente, calle Marcelo I deAvelar,1966, piso 6, 54, Buenos Aires, Argentina, orE-mail<edicionesdeltridente@ba.net>. $8.00 (US), pluspostage, paper.

Peter, DuaneE.,MarshaPrior, Melissa M. Green, and VictoriaG. Claw, editors.2000 Freedman's Cemetery: A Legacy of a Pioneer BlackCommunity in Dallas, Texas (2 vols.)' Texas Department ofTrans­portation, Environmental Affairs Division, Archeology Studies Pro­gram, Report 21, andGeo-Marine, Inc., Special Publication No.6. xxvii + 564 pp., 147 figs., 118 tables, 10 apps. (on CD-ROM).Order: TxDOT, P.O. Box 5020, Austin, TX 78763-5020; Internet<http://www.dot.state.tx.us>; $45.92, pluspostage andapplicablestatesales tax, paper.

Ross, LesterA.2000 Trade Beads from Archaeological Excavations at FortUnion Trading Post National Historic Site. National Park Ser­vice, MidwestArcheological Center, Lincoln, NE, andFort UnionAssociation, Williston, ND. 610 pp., 27figs., 22 color pls., 15 tables,4 apps. Order: Fort Union Association, 15550 Highway 1804,Williston, ND 58801; Tel 1.800.434.0233; $20.00, plus$3.20 s/h,CD-ROM.

Shackel, PaulA.2000Archaeology and Created Memory: Public History in aNational Park. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.xxii + 191 pp.,43 figs., 18 tables. Order: Kluwer Academic/Ple­num Publishers, 233 SpringSt., 7th Floor, New York, NY 10013­1578, orInternet <http://www.wkap.nl> $57.50.

Wilkie, LaurieA.2000 Creating Freedom: Material Culture and African Ameri­can Identity at Oakley Plantation, 1840-1950. Louisiana StateUniversity Press, Baton Rouge. xxv + 294 pp., 47 figs., 9 maps,24tables. Order: Louisiana StateUniversity Press, P.D. Box 25053,Baton Rouge, LA 70894-5053; or Tel 1.800.861.3477; $69.95,$24.95 paper.

Young, Amy L., editor2000 Archaeology of Southern Urban Landscapes. Univer­sity ofAlabama Press, Tuscaloosa. xi + 294 pp., 28 figs., 13 tables.Order: University ofAlabama Press, Chicago Distribution Center,11030 S. Langley, Chicago, IL 60628; Tel 1.800.621.8476, orInternet <http://www.uapress.ua.edu>; $29.95 paper.

Reviews in Historical ArchaeologyVergil E. Noble

Owing to my induction as president­elect of the Society in January at the LongBeach business meeting, I have decided toretire as reviews editor for Historical Archae­ology after only four years. Annalies Corbin,P.A.S.T. Foundation, 9604 Cougar Dr.,Bozeman, MT 59718-8302, has agreed totake on the position of reviews editor, and Iwish her well with this important task. Iknow that she will appreciate the coopera­tion of our members and work hard to bringyou timely and relevant reviews.

Having succeeded Rick Sprague in1997, my first set of reviews appeared in VoL31,No.2, and my last will appear in VoL 35,No.4, later this year. By my count, slightlymore than 200reviews will have been pub­lished during my brief tenure, which re­flects the great explosion of literature in ourfield. Even so, some of the reviews assignedwere never returned, despite repeated at­tempts to procure their delivery. The num­ber of abandoned reviews is not substan­tial, less than 5 percent, and that comparesfavorably with loss rates suffered by someother journals. Nevertheless, our inabilityto publish all relevant reviews is a frustra­tion for the SHA editorial staff and a mis­fortune for the membership.

Owing to the passage of time, the fol­lowing titles submitted for review are nolonger viable subjects for publication in thejournal. We wish to extend our sincereapologies to the authors, editors, and pub­lishers of the works listed.

Approaches to the Historical Archaeology ofMexico, Central & SouthAmerica.JANINEGASCO,GREGCHARLES SMITH,and PATRICIA FOURNIER-GARCIA, edi­tors. The Institute of Archaeology, Univer­sity of California, Los Angeles, 1997.

The Archaeology of18th-Century Virginia.THEODORE R. REINHART, editor. SpecialPublication No. 35, Archaeological Societyof Virginia, Courtland, Va., 1996.

The Archaeology of Frontier Taverns on the St.Louis-Vincennes Trace.MARK J. WAGNER and MARY R.McCORVIE.Illinois State Museum and Illi­nois Department of Transportation, IllinoisState Museum Popular Science Series, Vol.XI,Springfield, 1993.

The Archaeology of the Old Landmark: Nine­teenth-Century Taverns along the St. Louis­Vincennes Trace in Southern Illinois.MARK J. WAGNER and MARY R.McCORVIE,editors. Illinois Department ofTransportation, Springfield, and Center forAmerican Archaeology, Kampsville, Ill.,1992.

Down by the Station: Los Angeles Chinatown,1880-1933.ROBERTA S. GREENWOOD. MonumentaArchaeologica 18, Institute of Archaeology,University of California, Los Angeles, 1996.

Fort Reliance, Yukon: An ArchaeologicalAssess­ment.DONALD W CLARK. Canadian Museumof Civilization, Archaeological Survey ofCanada, Mercury Series Paper 150, 1995.

Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaninginthe Past.IAN HODDER, MICHAEL SHANKS,ALEXANDRA ALENANDRI, VICTORBUCHU, JOHN CARMAN, JONATHANLAST, and GAVAN LUCAS, editors.Routledge, New York,1995.

Paugvik: A Nineteenth-Century Native Villageon Bristol Bay, Alaska.DON E. DUMOND and JAMES W VANSTONE. Fieldiana: Anthropology, New Se­ries, No. 24, Field Museum of Natural His­tory, Chicago, 1995.

Round Ball to Rimfire, Part One.DEAN S. THOMAS. Thomas Publications(P.O. Box 3031),Gettysburg, Pa., 1997.

Ships' Bilge Pumps: A Historyof Their Devel­opment, 1500-1900.THOMAS J. OERTUNG. TexasA & M Uni­versity Press, Studies in Nautical Archaeol­ogy No.2., College Station, 1996.

SOCIETY FORAMERICANARCHAEOLOGY

Prepared by Robert Clouse,SHA Inter-Society Relations Committee

Representative to SM

The mission of the Society for Ameri­can Archaeology (SAA) is "to expand under­standing and appreciation of humanity'spast as achieved through systematic inves­tigation of the archaeological record." Itsmission also includes "research, steward­ship of archaeological resources, public andprofessional education, and disseminationof knowledge. Toserve the public interest,the SAAseeks the widest possible engage­ment with all segments of society, includ­ing governments, educators, and indig­enous people, in advancing knowledge andenhancing awareness of the past."

To accomplish its broad mission, theSAA has set seven goals: (1) to advance ar­chaeological research and disseminateknowledge to the professional communityand the public at large; (2) to improve thepractice of archaeology and promote ar­chaeological ethics; (3) to work toward theconservation of the archaeological record;(4)to serve as a bond among archaeologistsworldwide in all segments of the archaeo­logical community; (5) to effectively servethe needs of the diverse constituencies thatconstitute its membership; (6) to be an ef­fective advocate for archaeology in the leg­islative and public policy areas; and (7) toprovide an effective and flexible structurefor the Society's operations and initiatives.Toachieve its goals, the SAA has forty-onestanding committees and three formal taskforce units. The SAAhas a full-time execu­tive director and eight other paid staff po­sitions at its headquarters in Washington,D.C. The staff includes a full-time positiondedicated to managing government affairs.The SAA, along with SHA and AlA, is oneof the three sponsoring organizations of theRegister of Professional Archaeologists.

Meetings and ConferencesThe SAA holds an annual meeting and

conference at different locations around thecountry that are usually scheduled in Aprileach year. The annual meeting incorporatessponsored forums, thematic and generalsymposia, general sessions, luncheonroundtable discussions, and professionaldevelopment workshops. Over the last fewyears attendance at SAA annual meetingshas hovered around three thousand indi­viduals. The large number of contributedpapers requires numerous concurrent ses­sions. Because of the relatively large atten­dance and participation, venues for the an-

Inter-Society News

nual meetings are becoming restricted tolarger cities where adequate conference fa­cilitiesare available. The annual meeting for2001 will be held 18-22 April in New Or­leans.

Society PublicationsThe SAAproduces two internationally

respected quarterly journals, American An­tiquity and LatinAmerican Antiquity.Ameri­can Antiquity, now in its sixty-fifth year, be­gan publication in 1935.There is currentlysome discussion about combining the twojournals, but a final decision has yet to bemade. Beginning in January 2001 the exist­ing SAA Bulletin was replaced with a fullcolor magazine called The ArchaeologicalRecord. This new format will be producedfive times a year and combine articles oncurrent events with articles and opinionsand columns on SAAbusiness. The SAAalsohas an informational Web site atwww.saa.org and has recently incorporatedan electronic government affairs newslet­ter into it. The Web site has a restricted"members only" section that includes amembership database and information onSAA Board actions and meeting minutesand SAABoard policies.

The SAA periodically produces specialpublications. Recent special monographs ofnote are Ethics andArchaeology: Challenges forthe 1990s, edited by Mark J. Lynott andAlison Wylie,and Teaching Archaeology in theTwenty-first Century. Another recent publi­cation, an edited volume titled Working To­gether: Native Americans and Archaeologists,continues a dialogue with the descendantsof those responsible for the creation of thearchaeological record that is researched bymost SAAmembers.

MembershipAt the end of 2000,membership in the

SAAwas slightly over 6,600.Membership isopen to anyone who supports the missionand goals of the Society. Most membershipcategories receive TheArchaeological Recordand either American Antiquityor LatinAmeri­can Antiquity. For an additional $55, mem­bers can receive both journals. Membershipcategories and annual fees range as follows:Regular $115,Student $55, Retired $62, As­sociate $39,Joint $28,Life $2,850. Member­ship information may also be found on-lineat www.saa.org.

Keith Kintigh, Arizona State University,is the current SAA president. He will be suc­ceeded this year by President-elect RobertL. Kelly,University of Wyoming. Questionsregarding the organization and its opera­tions can be directed to SA!{s Executive Di-

rector Tobi Brimsek, Society for AmericanArchaeology, 900 Second Street NE #12,Washington, DC 20002-3557.

COUNCILON AMERICA'SMILITARY PAST(CAMP)

Prepared by Roderick Sprague,SHA Inter-Society Relations Committee

Representative to CAMP

CAMP is the only national organiza­tion with the dual objectives of military his­tory and historical preservation. Whenfounded in 1966 (about the same time asSHA), CAMP U.S.A. meant Council onAbandoned Military Posts.In 1981the namewas changed to Council on America's Mili­tary Past to better reflect the broad interestsof the group. There is no dominant groupbut rather it includes archaeologists, histo­rians, museologists, architects, and a widevariety of other fields and interests. Thegroup has been active in the preservationof military sites and civil forts at all levelsfrom protecting them from demolition topreventing adverse impacts, from encour­aging more Park Service funds to keepingremains under federal care. CAMP takes anactive part on congressional hearings inWashington for preservation and adequatefunding. The organization was instrumen­tal in removing the National Archives fromunder the inadequate management of GSA.

Society PublicationsPublications include the quarterly pe­

riodical The Journal ofAmerica's MilitaryPastand the Headquarters Heliogram. The Jour­nal is a broadly based periodical concern­ing military posts, equipment, and people.For example, one of the few articles concern­ing the Quonset hut is published in the Jour­nal. It is now in its twenty-eighth volume.

We tend to think of a newsletter as asecondary source to a journal, but in thecase of CAMp, the newsletter, HeadquartersHeliogram, is clearly the main reason archae­ologists and others interested in preserva­tion, especially those in federal positions,should be members of CAMP. The Helio­gram, now in its 282d issue, is unquestion­ably the most up-to-date and thoroughnews source available concerning preserva­tion in federal agencies such as the NationalPark Service. Articles include such diverseareas as current legislation, archaeologicalexcavations, proposed base closures, shipdecommissioning, new publications, mu­seum activities, deaths in the preservationfield, and anything else that might be ofinterest to preservationists. The Heliogramhas received the "Award of Merit" from the

American Association for State and LocalHistory, "Army Commendation" from thesecretary of the army, and both the "Con­servation and Service Award" and the "Cul­tural Achievement Award" from the secre­tary of the interior. It is a tabloid-sized news­paper of at least sixteen pages on qualitypaper. The Heliogram alone is worth theprice of membership.

Annual MeetingsAnother benefit of membership is par­

ticipation in the annual meetings. The nextannual meeting will be 9-13 May 2001 inand around Rapid City, South Dakota, vis­iting a dozen historical and archaeologicalsites in western South Dakota, Nebraska,and eastern Wyoming.

The 2002 meeting is especially de­signed to attract archaeologists. It will beheld at the Wyndham Old San Juan Hotel

in San Juan, Puerto Rico,on 10-14 July 2002.This is the off-season, and the rates are veryreasonable. Tours are a central part of theCAMP meetings, with San Juan presentinga surprisingly large number of forts andother military installations. The twelve spe­cific sites include those from the Spanishperiod through all periods to the Cold War.From experience, I can report that any mem­ber who has not attended a meeting beforeis treated as part of the group by the long­time members.

The benefits of membership also in­clude making all members eligible for ad­ditional membership in the various regionaldepartments. Currently there are twenty­five departments covering all of the UnitedStates from the smallest, in Washington,D.C., to the largest, in the PacificNorthwest,including Alaska. Many of the departmentshave their own meetings.

MembershipCategories of membership are numerousand include: Corporate $500, Patron $250,Sustaining $100, Contributing $50, Indi­vidual Subscribing $35, Participating $25,Junior (under 18) $15, Spouse $10, and twolevels of Agency (prepaid) $35, and Agency(invoiced) $50.Col. Herb Hart kindly provided details onthe 2002 meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico,and checked my facts on CAMP.

ContactsMembership SecretaryCAMP518 W Why Worry LanePhoenix, AZ 85021

Headquarters Heliogram EditorHerbert M. HartP. O. Box 1151Fort Myer, VA22211

Toapply for membership, send a copy of this form, together with your check, to:MEMBERSHIP SECRETARYCAMp,518 W Why Worry Lane,Phoenix, AZ 85021

My application for annual membership in CAMP at the indicated category is submitted with my check or money order (for 2 yearslO-percent discount)

CORPORATE $500PATRON $250SUSTAINING $100CONTRIBUTING $50INDIVIDUALSUBSCRIBING $35AGENCY(government/institution/organization) SUBSCRIBING PRE-PAID $35AGENCYSUBSCRIBING (requiring billing or special forms) $50JUNIOR (under 18) $15SPOUSE (no publications) $10

PERSONALDATA (please print). Check here if former member or renewal _

Name _

Address _

City State ZIP _

PhoneL-) FAX E-mailaddress _

Educational background _

Occupation: Present Past _

OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST(hobbies, awards, publications, projects, comments)

Name/address of suggested prospective members _

Learning Historical Archaeology

Report of the Student Subcommitteeof the Academic and Professional

Training Committee (APTC)

Timothy Scarlett,University of Nevada-Reno

Chair, Student Subcommittee, APTC

During 1999and 2000the Student Sub­committee of the APTC finally took perma­nent form. The committee has six standingstudent members who serve terms of twoor three years. In addition, the subcommit­tee includes an APTC Chair, and the SHAEmployment Coordinator to provide lead­ership. The subcommittee emphasizes bal­ance and diversity, and the current studentmembers include:1. Four women and three men.2.Three underwater and four terrestrial ar­

chaeologists.3. Five PhD. and two M.A. track students

(although one started as an undergradu­ate).

4. Representative students from programsin the Great Basin, Great Lakes, Mid-At­lantic, South, Southwest, Ontario, andNewfoundland.

One position is up for re-election, andwe will strive to maintain our balance. Inaddition to these nine individuals, the sub­committee has about thirty-five volunteerswho contribute to the committee in variouscapacities.These students are affiliated withprograms all over the United States andCanada.

The 2001 meeting opened with a roundof kudos for a year of jobs-well-done. Par­ticular acknowledgement to individuals in­cluded the Long Beach conference commit­tee, particularly Sheli Smith and LaurelBreece, who were very patient in lining upour reception, forum, and meeting times tobe the most convenient; Robert Schuyler,who has been a one-man recruiting army forthe subcommittee; H. KrisHirst, who devel­oped a rideshare/roomshare Web-based ser­viceon the archaeology pages ofAbout.com;and Marlesa Gray, who spent another yearwith us as we just squeaked in under thedeadlines (and sometimes behind them!).

Several committee members and vol­unteers contributed to the Society's busi­ness in 2000.Catharine Dann deserves ku­dos for organizing the 2001Student Forum,where students and professionals met insmall groups to discuss interviews, CVs,andresumes. Mechelle Kerns, Marcy Rockman,Paul Nasca, Tim Tumberg, Becky Waugh,and TimScarlett all contributed to our quar­terly newsletter column. Mechelle Kernswas absent from our meeting due to her

wedding and honeymoon in the British VIr­gin Islands. Congratulations to Mr.and Mrs.Kerns-Nocerito, we wish them many, manyyears of happiness!

The committee selected the subjects ofthe quarterly column "Learning HistoricalArchaeology" for 2001:

• Spring: Catharine Dann will summarizethe 2001 Student Forum on interviewsand resumes.

• Summer: Ben Pykles will prepare advicefor "Choosing the Best Field School orSummer Field Project."

• Fall:Tim Tumberg and BeckyWaugh willhelp edit The Guide to Graduate Pro­grams in Historical and Underwater Ar­chaeology. They also plan to write a stu­dent user's guide to the guide.

• Winter: Nicole Branton will create a bib­liography of articles on professionalismand other student issues which have ap­peared in the SHA Newsletter, as well asthe newsletters of the SM, AIA,and SIA.

Elizabeth Norris is preparing the 2002Student Forum, which will be presented atthe SHA Annual Meeting in Mobile, Ala­bama. This forum will be a temporary breakfrom job searches in favor of discussionsabout ethics in historical archaeology. Theprovisional title is "Sticky Situations." Jointhe members of the Student Subcommitteenext January, when professionals will sharesome of their personal experiences and ad­vice concerning ethical issues. Elizabeth islooking for diverse participation on thepanel and would like to have scholars fromCRM, governmental, museum, academic,avocational, and other environments. Ifyouwould like to participate, contact ElizabethNorris (emnorris@mtu.edu}orTimScarlett(scarlett@xmission.com).

Paul Nasca will prepare the studentcommittee flyersforboth the pre-registrationmailings and the on-site conference packets.During 2000, the committee included a flyerwith the pre-registration mailing, and wereceived good feedback as a result. We wereunable to coordinate the information to pro­duce our '~ttention Students" insert for theregistration packets, and we were forced toleave the flyer strategically about the QueenMary. Paul expects to include the flyer in the2002packet. Webelieve it is a critical part ofour communication with students who at­tend the meeting.

Thanks to Kris Hirst, the rideshare/roomshare program is no longer a commit­tee task. Members of the committee willnow devote the time they used to spendanswering E-mail toward promoting thisWeb-based resource. Wewill work with Kris

to ensure a streamlined method of accessfor people to jump right to the meetingpage. This page is not endorsed or spon­sored by the SHA or any other professionalsociety,but we will promote it the same waywe would advertise a particularly inexpen­sive airline flight. Access to this private siteis of interest to our membership.

The Subcommittee has one memberposition available, and the seat was opento nominations. Members and volunteerscan expect a ballot in early February. Theseat is a two-year position, and will turnover again at the 2004 Annual Meeting.Members agree to remain current on theirsociety dues and to guarantee that they willattend the next two SHA meetings. Votingwill occur by Internet, with Tim Scarlett andMarcy Gray counting votes.

The 2001 Past Presidents' Student Re­ception was great fun, although we missedthe opportunity to make announcementswhen the food lines unexpectedly openedand our room emptied into the banquet hall.The reception in 2002 will be our main re­cruitment event, rather than the subcommit­tee meeting, so we anticipate developing aslightly more organized format in the future.

Besides our annual business, the com­mittee discussed several new initiatives.Communication is a problem for the sub­committee, both between members and vol­unteers and between the subcommittee andthe student membership of the Society.Elizabeth Norris has agreed to look into aprivately hosted Web page for our internaluse. By posting our annual schedule andcreating an E-mailing function, the commit­tee will be better able to avoid confusion ofduties and missed deadlines.

To solve the problem of society-widecommunication, the Subcommittee hasasked the SHA office to provide an E-maillist of student members of the SHA. Wehope to use this list for direct communica­tion. While some academic advisers havebeen good to encourage their students toboth join the SHA and participate in theSociety's business, the committee memberswould like to be able to send announce­ments directly to students. These commu­nications will be infrequent, and anyone canrequest to be removed from (or added to)the list. Wehave received positive feedbackregarding our use of the HISTARCH list­serve, and we are now exploring other simi­lar Internet resources for underwater andother archaeology communities.

We set a major objective in 2000 to in­crease the interaction between underwaterand terrestrial students in the SHA. Thisdrive met with only moderate success. In2001, the subcommittee resolved to con-

tinue to pursue this issue. We will contactstudent members though the direct E-mailmentioned above. In addition, we are plan­ning an informational packet for the direc­tors of academic programs and academicadvisers who interact with students regu­larly. J. Barto Arnold has already provenhelpful in bridging this divide.

Several other committee chairs con­tacted Tim Scarlett in Long Beach and re­quested student representatives for theircommittees. Now that the Student Subcom­mittee is established and running smoothly,we will devote our recruitment effort toplace students on other SHA committees.These representatives will be regular mem­bers of other committees but will also at­tend and report to the Student Subcommit­tee. Watch for a direct mailing which listsall the various standing and presidentialSHA committees and descriptions of theirfunctions and participants!

If you have any questions, ideas, orfeedback on any of the Subcommittee's ac­tivities, contact Tim Scarlett anytime(scarlett@xmission.com). If you would liketo become involved in the Subcommittee orany SHA committee, drop Tim or any othersubcommittee member a line, and we willhelp you get started!

The 2001Student Career ForumGet the Job YouWant: A ResumeWriting and Interview Workshop.

Catharine DannUniversity of Delaware and the

Winterthur Museum

Students and professional archaeolo­gists gathered on board the Queen Mary atSHA 2001 to discuss the process of apply­ing for a job. At "Get the Job You Want: AResume Writing and Interview Workshop,"the Student Career Forum of the LongBeach meeting, nine professionals offeredadvice on the finer points of applying forpositions in historical archaeology. Profes­sional panelists included ToniCarrell (Shipsof Discovery, Inc.), Teresita Majewski (Sta­tistical Research, Inc.), Lawrence Babits(Maritime History Program, East CarolinaUniversity),Sara Mascia (HistoricalPerspec­tives), Adrian Praetzellis (Sonoma StateUniversity), Vergil Noble (National ParkService), Donald Linebaugh (Program forArchaeologicalResearch, University of Ken­tucky), Larry McKee (TRC Garrow, Inc.),and Paul Hundley (Australian NationalMaritime Museum). These participantsshared advice for applying for CRM, aca­demic, museum, and government archae­ology positions.

The session opened with introductions.Catharine Dann, coordinator of the forum,

welcomed everyone and explained the for­mat of the session. Timothy Scarlett (chairof the Student Subcommittee of the Aca­demic and Professional Training Commit­tee [APTCl)and Marlesa Gray (Chair of theAPTC) each made a brief opening state­ment. Scarlett explained the purpose of theAPTC and its Student Subcommittee. Heemphasized that involvement with SHAcommittees isan excellentway to learn abouthistorical archaeology. Involvement in soci­ety affairs provides the venue to meet otherhistorical archaeologists from outside astudent's parochial world, and networkingcan payoff when students and young pro­fessionalsbegin applyingfor jobs.He encour­aged attendees to become involved with theStudent Subcommittee and to look for E­mails containing helpful information for stu­dent SHA members. Scarlett reminded stu­dents of a rideshare/roomshare board avail­able to SHA members on About.com.

The panelists introduced themselvesand described their hiring experiences. Alively discussion followed regarding how tocreate successful resumes and curriculumvitae (cv's), and have a successful interview.Panelists provided hints for building essen­tial skills for archaeology jobs, constructinga winning resume or cv, and effectively in­terviewing and following-up during the jobsearch process. Allof the suggestions by thepanelists were complementary. Main pointsincluded the following:

• Emphasize Skills: Do you have experi­ence and/or expertise in boating, surveying,or accounting? Employers look for the skillsthat set a job candidate apart from the pack.If you have specialized knowledge in anyarchaeology-related subject, make sure thatyou emphasize your talents in the resume.There are many people who can dig holes,and employers can easily teach novices toshovel-test. They cannot, however, alwaysinvest time and money to teach specializedinformation. A candidate who has a boat­ing license or experience with photographyand demonstrates this on their resume orcv is more likely to win a position thansomeone who has neglected to emphasizespecial skills. If you are lacking such skills,take classes or volunteer to gain these valu­able experiences. Also, do not immediatelydelete seemingly unrelated skills from yourresume such as coaching or an involvementwith music or theater. These interests andactivities show that you are a well-roundedperson who can manage time effectively.Include these extras in a section titled"spe­cial skills" or "additional skills."

• Network: Know and be known. Face-to­face contacts and quality relationships of­ten count the most in the application pro­cess. Make every effort to meet people inyour profession. Annual meetings of the

SHA or AAA are wonderful places to meetthe leaders in underwater archaeology,CRM, government, and other historical ar­chaeology jobs. Attempt to understand thedaily routine of people who hold jobs youconsider ideal. Make sure their job descrip­tion sounds appealing before applying fora similar job. If you understand the job de­scription and expectations before applying,you will be more likely to find a "match"and enjoy your work. Remember that yourreputation is not based solely on the wordof "big shots" but with everyone you meet,including fellow students and co-workers.Quality relationships can lead to good ref­erences. A glowing reference from someonewho really knows you and your work canoften override any other part ofyour resume.If you find an ideal job, identify someonewho can act as your personal advocate. In­troduce yourself to the person in charge ofhiring or another staffmember, ask questionsabout the job, and make yourself known.

• Be Honest: Always be honest in yourwritten and oral communication with a po­tential employer and with people acting asyour references. While you should empha­size your strengths, do not lie about experi­ences or previous occupations. Be up-frontabout legitimate scheduling complicationssuch as National Guard service or familycommitments. Addressing these issues be­fore you get a job can prevent later conflictsor misunderstandings. Remember thatUnited States law prevents employers fromasking about or discriminating on the basisof sex, race, marital status, and other per­sonal issues. Private firms might not alwaysbe as strict on these issues, however, as gov­ernment agencies. Be aware that sharingpersonal information has the potential tohelp or harm you as you look for a job. Makesure that you know your rights and thoseof the employer. Make informed decisionsabout the information you reveal.

• Be Humble: Realize that you will mostlikely not start as the head of your own CRMfirm or immediatelybecome a full-time pro­fessor. Accept that every task is part of alearning process as you proceed throughyour career. Present yourself as someonewho understands that washing sherds anddigging test holes are equally important asauthoring a report or directing a project.Ego will get you nowhere fast, and employ­ers are quick to pick up on arrogance in yourcover letter, resume, or cv,and especially inyour interviews. Be friendly and interestedin learning more about the job. Assess thefit of the job to your ability level and inter­ests before you accept an offer.

• Be Informed: Read job descriptions care­fully, and determine which skills employ­ers are seeking. Talk to current employees.

Askhow they enjoy their jobs and how theactual job fit the initial description. Performresearch on the firm or university beforeyou get there. Always make sure to knowthe name and title of the person to whomyou are writing as well as the name of theuniversity, museum, or firm where you areapplying. Gathering this information dem­onstrates a genuine interest in the positionto the employer and shows you are a seri­ous and committed candidate. You canspare potential embarrassment and possiblerejection with a few hours of research andpreparation.

• Tailor to the Job: Create more than oneresume or cv. Once you have done yourresearch on the job and identified the goalsof the hiring committee through the jobdescription and personal contacts, you cantailor your resume to the job. Highlight theskills for which potential employers aresearching. Send the information employersask for and nothing more. A resume (one­to two-page summary of experience) is usu­ally required for non-academic jobs and acurriculum vitae, or cv (a longer documentincluding all experiences and publications),is required for academic positions. There areusually many candidates for each opening,and employers have little time to sortthrough a mound of ten-page documents.If you are unclear about the format of ei­ther document, go to the career center ofyour university or your local bookstore andfind a template. Acquiring permission tomodel your resume on that of someone youadmire or who holds your "ideal" job is of­ten the best method of creating an effectivedocument. What worked once might besuccessful again.

• Write Well: There is one skill that holdsmore weight than any other-writing well!Potential employers in all positions needemployees who can write reports, confer­ence papers, correspondence, and newslet­ters. Learning to write well is a never-end­ing process, and every successful archaeolo­gist continues to perfect his or her writingskillsevery time he or she types on the com­puter or sets a pen to paper. An employeewho can write is much more valuable thanone who cannot. To improve your writing,read and "write, write, write." Experienceis the best practice, so gather it at everychance you have. Use fellow students or co­workers as editors. Have professors andprofessionals comment on your writing.This is especially important for your coverletter. This one-page document (two at themost) is your chance to present your writ­ing skills and interest in a position, and tosell yourself as the best candidate. Write itand re-write it. Tailorthe letter to the job. Itcould make or break your chance for an in­terview or a job offer. In your resume or cv,

be concise and accurate. Use action verbsand avoid vagueness. Rather than sayingyou"assisted" at your last job, describe whatthis means. If you drafted or edited or per­formed data entry, say so.

• Polish Everything: Always present thebest possible finished product to your fu­ture employer. Glaring mistakes in grammarand spelling, especially in the spelling of anemployer'S name, are sure ways to beplaced last in line for a position. Format yourcover letter, cv or resume, and writingsamples in a font that is large and legible.Make your documents clear, but forgo ex­tra bells and whistles such as bright or pat­terned paper or crazy fonts. These are onlydistracting and annoying and subtract frominformation in the document. Also, polishyourself. Dress well and prepare for inter­views. Anticipate questions that you maybe asked, and prepare your own questionsfor the employer. Keep your interview skillsfresh by applying for a job that you mightnot want, but beware that such "practice"interviews can also work against you if youappear to be"teasing" employers on a regu­lar basis.

• Be Positive: Always present yourself inthe best light. Without falsifying informa­tion, highlight your strengths and de-em­phasize your weaknesses. Youare your ownbest advocate, but you can also be your ownworst enemy if you sell yourself short inyour cover letter, resume, or interview. Donot apologize for taking up the hiringcommittee's time in your cover letter. Thisonly shows insecurity to a potential em­ployer.

• Prioritize: List experiences from the mostrecent to the most distant on your resumeor cv. Be selective. An employer wants toknow how you can provide the skills ad­vertised in the job description. A two-pageresume leaves little room for extra informa­tion. Eliminate unrelated experiences suchas retail jobs or food service, unless theseare your only experiences or with them yougained valuable and applicable skills for thejob to which you are applying.

• Confirm References: Make sure that yourreferences know you are listing them ascontacts. It is extremely unprofessional toignore this detail and can lead to trouble ifyou neglect to make a simple call or two.Make sure your references know why youare interested in the position for which youare applying. Confirm that they are notapplying for the same position! Updateyour list of references as you go throughyour career, and choose individuals whowill provide a good reference. Ifyou are notsure a reference knows you well enough orthinks positively of your work, ask them. If

you can, do not overuse your references.This is a favor you are asking, and it is badform to impose on this individual's time.When possible, list names and contact in­formation. Tosome employers, "Referenceson Request" looks as if you are hiding in­formation.

• Follow Up: Always get in touch with anemployer after you have sent in your ap­plication. A phone call provides the op­portunity to make yourself known and en­sure your application has arrived. If youfollow up once and hear nothing, call again.Do not abuse this privilege, but also do notunderestimate the value of personal con­tacts. When an employer knows your name,the recognition factor can work in your fa­vor. Do not be afraid to ask about theprogress of a selection process.

• Update: Proofread your application ma­terials before you send them. Make surethey reflect your current address, phonenumber, and E-mail, as well as all of yourwork and activities to date. Take continu­ing education classes and perfect skillsevenas you work. Employers want to see yourconsistent interest and involvement withyour career reflected in the application.

• Do Not BeDiscouraged: Even if you havea "perfect" resume, skills galore, and won­derful references, you stillmight not get thejob. But following the advice of other pro­fessionals and peers, continually polishingyour application materials, making contacts,and building skills can only serve in yourfavor. There are quite a few jobs open, andopportunities exist for candidates who cansell themselves to employers.

Following the panel presentation,members of the audience posed some briefquestions to the entire group. The forumthen split into breakdown sessions. Profes­sionals reviewed students' resumes indi­vidually and in small groups. The forumparticipants spent considerable time care­fully reviewing either their own or sampledocuments, and they continued to ask ques­tions and work together for several hours.Both the professionals and students ex­pressed positive feedback about the session.Attendees often cited the unique opportu­nity this forum provides for face-to-facemeetings and personalized advice from ex­perienced archaeologists. The APTC stu­dent subcommittee will continue its annualsessions geared towards students andyoung professionals. In 2002, the meetingwill be in Mobile, Alabama, and our forumwill explore Ethics and Historical Archaeol­ogy. Ifyou are interested in participating onthe panel, please contact Paul Nasca(pmnasc@maila.wm.edu) or Tim Scarlett(mail to: scarlett@xmission.com).

Teaching Historical ArchaeologyCommittee Report for the

Academic and ProfessionalTraining Committee

Marlesa A. Gray, Chair

The Academic and Professional Train­ing Committee (APTC)met at the 2001An­nual Meetings on the Queen Mary, LongBeach, California. This is a large and com­plicated committee, with many ongoingprojects. The following summarizes thecommittee's activities in 2000 and continu­ing into 2001. The activities of the StudentSubcommittee of the APTCare summarizedin Timothy Scarlett's report in this newslet­ter.

Committee members Margaret Purserand Teresita Majewski served on the Dis­sertation Prize subcommittee, along withmembers of the Editorial Advisory Commit­tee. Five dissertations were reviewed in2000,and the winner was announced at the2001 meetings in Long Beach.For 2001,Rob­ert Clouse will be added to the review sub­committee.

Mark Warner and Timothy Scarlett willbe working on the syllabus project in 2001.This project will allow educators, research­ers, and students access to voluntarilyposted syllabi through the society's Webpage. A call for syllabi will be posted on theWebsite, on Hist-Arch, and in this newslet­ter later this spring and summer.

SHA has been a contributing memberof the SM Task Force on Curriculum Re­form, "Teaching in the 21st Century,"through the participation of PamelaCressey, an APTC committee member. Thetask force is currently applying for fundingto initiate its first program of curriculumreform, at the undergraduate level. Fund­ing for this initiative looks very positive, andif granted, SHA will participate by creatingcurricular studies directed towards histori­cal and underwater archaeology. PamCressey will head a subcommittee that willbe devoted to this project. If anyone, un­derwater or terrestrial, is interested in par­ticipating in this project, please contact ei­ther Pam or me.

As part of the APTCs mission to pro­vide continuing educational opportunitiesfor the membership of SHA, six workshopswere offered at the 2001 annual meetingsin Long Beach by the workshop subcom­mittee, co-chaired by Kim and StephenMcBride.The workshops and their registra­tions included: archaeological illustration(11), GIS (26), practical forensics (23), re­mote-operated vehicles (13), the Business ofCRM, co-sponsored by the American Cul­tural Resources Association (13), and cul-

tural tourism (9).In addition, the workshopcommittee conducted a member surveyduring 2000 to elicit responses to the SHA­sponsored workshops at the conferences.While the response rate was low (44of 1,200,or 4 percent), the responses all supportedthe concept. Many topics were suggestedfor future workshops, which will continueto be offered at SHA annual meetings. Thefeasibility of taking SHA-sponsored work­shops to other venues is also being consid­ered.

Although the Student Paper Prize, of­fered at the last two conferences, has not

drawn a lot of response, it is still consideredto be a valuable service of the APTC. Dur­ing 2001, the Student Paper Prize subcom­mittee, under the leadership of Sara Mascia,will be working to streamline the processof paper submission and judging, and willbe developing methods of publicizing thepresence of the prize more broadly throughthe student membership of the SHA.

Finally, Sara Mascia, the SHA Employ­ment Coordinator, reported the followingstatistics on the activities of the employmentoffice during 2000:

Northeast

Reported byDavid Starbuck

New York

• Military Sites Archaeology in LakeGeorge: Ateam of students and volunteers,directed by Dr. David Starbuck (PlymouthState College), spent the summer of ~OOO

conducting the fourth season of excava~~nsat Fort William Henry (1755-1757), a Britishfrontier outpost from the French and IndianWar that is located at the southern end ofLake George. At the same time, a s~cond

team began the first season at the adjacentsite of Fort George, built in 1759 to replaceWilliam Henry after the famous "massacr~"

that occurred there. Fort William Henry isprivately owned by the Fort William He~ry

Corporation, whereas Fort George heswithin the Lake George Battlefield Park,which is owned and managed by the NewYork State Department of EnvironmentalConservation.

The final season within Fort WilliamHenry focused upon the WestBarracks, andfindings included burned timbers (stackedthree high) from the barracks' east wall; thecharred floor at the bottom of the cellar un­derneath the barracks; and the remains ofthe 9-x-9-footstone foundation underneathone of the barracks' fireplaces. Inside thiscellar there were numerous gunflints, frag­ments of mortar shells, and many burntfragments ofbutchered bone. No further ex­cavations are anticipated in the near future,and Starbuck's book on the fort, entitledMassacre at Fort William Henry, will be pub­lished in the fall of 2001 by the UniversityPress of New England.

Less well-known is the nearby site ofFort George, located on a bluff overlookingthe south end of Lake George and the famed"Million Dollar Beach." Long managed as acampground, Fort George has never beenstudied archaeologically, although Starbuckdirected a small surface mapping projectthere in 1994.

Archaeological testing began in 2000that will hopefully continue for at least sev­eral seasons, and the fieldwork was super­vised by Andrew Farry (Michigan State) andBrad Jarvis (University of Minnesota). Threebarracks' foundations were sampled, alongwith lesser sites, and artifacts indicate thatthese were buildings constructed during theFrench and Indian War, with at least somecontinued use during the American Revo­lution. Artifacts included sherds of delft,

Current Research

white salt-glazed stoneware (with dot, ~ia­

per, and basket decoration), buff-bodiedslip-decorated earthenware, numberedregimental buttons and many undecorate~

buttons, a four-pound cannonbal~, a ~m­ture hinge with the owner's name inscnbe?on it, numerous fish bones, and more. SOlIstratigraphy was deeper than expected, thestone foundations were well built, and on.eof the foundations contained large quanti­ties of wall plaster. The site thus proved tobe amazingly intact, and it is hoped th~toneof the outcomes of this project will begreatly increased public interpretation andnew exhibits for visitors.

New Hampshire

• Canterbury Shaker Village: The largestof the Canterbury blacksmith shops wasbuilt by the Church Family in 1811, on thewest side of Shaker Road and just south ofthe Trustees' Office that handled businessdealings with the outside world. ShakerVillage proposes to reconstruct the shopand the smaller ox shed that was attachedto its northern end. David Starbuck andElizabeth Hall (both of Plymouth State Col­lege) were hired from June through Sep­tember of 2000 to excavate the sites of bothbuildings and to salvage most o~ a dumpthat was discovered on the west Side of theblacksmith shop.

From historical sources it was knownthat the blacksmith shop measured either25 or 28 by 50 feet and contained a brickforge that was removed in 1849 and re­placed with two cast-iron forges. Latermodifications to the building appear to havebeen minor, and the shop was subsequentlyremoved in April 1952. The ox shed, mea­suring 24 x 24feet, was taken down in 1900.During the archaeological field work, it waspossible to determine the outline of theblacksmith shop, to establish that the largerock pile on the site was a base under theshop (rather than a filled-in cellar hole), andto excavate much of the cellar at the southend of the foundation. The cellar was foundto contain the very intact base of the origi­naI1811-1849 brick forge.

The adjacent dump was extremely in­formative and contained evidence for shoe­ing oxen, for working soapstone into eitherstoves or gravestones, for smoking tobacco,and for repairing firearms. Also, there werelarge quantities of domestic a.rtifacts in thedump, indicating that the smithts) actuallylived in the shop.

Pacific West

Reported bySannie Osborn

California

A statewide historic context, themes, andproperty types study for mi~tary installa­tions in California was begun m August 1997and completed in March 2000 by the De­partment of Defense (DoD). The report ~ov­ers the Spanish, Mexican, and Amencanmilitary activities in California between theyears 1769 and 1989. This four-volumedocument which is also produced on CD,analyzes the ways in which historic build­ings and structures have been ~valu~ted~y

the various military branches in Cahformaand provides a methodological and contex­tual framework to guide future work. Thedocument has two essential purposes: toreport on the status of historic buildings andstructures inventories that have been con­ducted on California military bases, and tomove toward a statewide and interserviceapproach to completing the work that re­mains to be done. The report addresses theneed for a more consistent approach toevaluating historic military bUildi~gs andstructures in California and provides themilitary service branches with a coordi­nated approach to historic property evalu­ation. This is the first time anywhere in theUnited States that such a broad-basedproject has been undertaken. T~e reportwill be useful to historic preservation man­agers both on active DoD military installa­tions, former military facilitiesconverted tocivilian use by base closure, and formerlyused defense sites from World War II andearlier time periods. Although the primaryfocus of the report is on the built environ­ment, the contextual information shouldalso be of interest to historical archaeolo­gists working on milita.rysites: ~he projectwas conceived and carried out jointly by theDoD (including the Marine Corps,. Army,Navy, and Air Force) and .the C~hfor~ia

Office of Historic Preservation, With aSSiS­tance from the National Park Service, Advi­sory Council on Historic Preservation, andthe Governor's Office of Planning and Re­search, and was funded in its entirety bythe DoD Legacy Resource ManagementProgram. The report was prepared by ~os­

ter Wheeler Environmental Corporationand JRP Historical Consulting Services un­der contract to the Sacramento DistrictCorps of Engineers.

• McCoy House Reconstruction Project,Old Town San Diego State Historic Park,San Diego, California: The California De­partment of Parks and Recreation, as re­ported by D.L. Felton, recently completedreconstruction of the 1869 James McCoyHouse in Old Town San Diego State His­toric Park. This reconstruction was part of alarger enhancement project that includedextensive archaeological testing and datarecovery excavations.

Old Town San Diego SHP is an urbanpark that includes restored and recon­structed historic buildings housing a vari­ety of museums, shops and restaurants. ThePresidio on the hill adjacent to the park wasthe location of the first Spanish settlementin Alta California, established in 1769. Bythe early 1820s, Presidio occupants beganto construct residences on the river terracebelow the older fortified site, in what latercame to be known as Old Town San Diego.The town thrived until the 1860s, afterwhich most development shifted else­where. The opulent two-story McCoyHouse, constructed in 1869 by SenatorJames McCoy, was one of the last majordevelopment in Old Townbefore its decline.San Diego's light rail system was extendedto Old Town in the mid-1990s, and a transitcenter constructed adjacent to a relativelyundeveloped area of the park. The light raildevelopment transformed this area into amajor park entrance, and stimulated effortsto enhance visitor services and historic land­scape authenticity. Improvements includedremoval of modern streets, re-creation ofhistoric grades, new fences and other land­scape enhancements, as well as reconstruc­tion of the 1869McCoy House for use as avisitor's center.

These developments included ar­chaeological testing and data recovery in­vestigations associated with light rail con­struction, street re-alignment, landscapeimprovements, and reconstruction of theMcCoy House. Archeological and historicalinvestigations conducted between 1991and1995 provided a rich body of informationabout the people and buildings that onceoccupied the area, and shed considerablelight on major landscape changes over thepast two hundred years. The McCoy Housesite was first tested in 1992. This work indi­cated that significant portions of its foun­dations remained intact, but also suggestedthat substantially earlier deposits were alsopresent on the site. A more comprehensiveexcavation program was undertaken in 1995to provide input into the reconstructiondesign development process. This workexposed the brick foundations of the McCoyHouse, as well as stone and kiln-waster foot­ings representing at least two older adobebuildings that occupied the site previously.These are assumed to be associated withMaria Eugenia Silvas,who owned the prop-

erty before 1851.The date she acquired theparcel is unknown, although the artifactsrecovered suggest that it was occupied bythe 1830s.

The evidence of the earlier buildingsand Mexican Republic (1821-1846) era de­posits beneath the McCoy House caused anumber of citizen groups to question thedesirability of reconstructing the laterMcCoy House on the site. The Departmentof Parks and Recreation persisted with itsreconstruction program, based on currentoperational needs and the fact that the re­construction was approved in a GeneralPlan adopted in 1977. This controversy re­sulted in a lawsuit that was ultimately dis­missed, and work on the reconstructionproceeded in late 1998.

Major data recovery excavations wereundertaken in fall 1998-spring 1999to clearthe McCoy building site of deposits likelyto be disturbed by construction. Additionaldata recovery and monitoring continuedthrough the construction phase. Through­out the project, archaeological staff workedclosely with planners and contractors todesign low-impact development alterna­tives to protect intact archaeological re­sources where possible. Staff archaeologistswere very capably assisted by a team ofyoung workers from the National CivilianCommunity Corps, a federal communityservice program administered byAmeriCorps. Archaeological field and labo­ratory work continued in Old Town SanDiego until completion of the reconstruc­tion and landscaping project in spring 2000.The 1998-2000 work helped clarify resultsof the 1995Design Development phase dis­coveries on the McCoy House site, and con­siderably expanded understanding of thearchaeological resources present elsewhereon the block (Block 408). Relatively littlenew information was recovered about theMcCoy House itself, although a large,domed brick cistern not previously knownwas documented. This was apparently usedto capture runoff: "rain water cisterns" werecommon in the nineteenth and early twen­tieth centuries in semi-arid areas of theAmerican West not served by municipalwater systems.

Substantial additional evidence of ear­lier occupation of the site was discoveredduring recent data recovery excavations.Adobe walls representing at least one addi­tional building were encountered, althoughit remains unclear whether this structurewas associated with the Silvas ownershipor the subsequent Ames occupation. Exten­sive deposits of cattle bones, building de­bris, and other artifacts were recoveredacross much of the site. Ceramics includeEnglish and Chinese exports, most of whichappear to be typical of styles popular in the1830s and 1840s. Large quantities of un­glazed brown wares, presumably manufac-

tured by Native Americans for the use ofpueblo residents, were also recovered.

Elsewhere on Block 408, the 1999exca­vations investigated parcels not sampled ex­tensively during previous phases. Thiswork confirmed earlier assertions about thearchaeological sensitivity of this area of OldTown, exposing a number of well-preservedarchitectural features and other deposits. Ofparticular interest were largely intact foun­dations and tile floors on the Fitch-Carrilloparcel, which was purportedly the site ofone of the first residences constructed out­side the Presidio in the 1820s.Henry DelanoFitch and his wife, [osefa Carrillo, loom largein California history and folklore. Fitch wasa Yankee trader who came to Californiasoon after the Mexican War of Indepen­dence, and fell in love with the daughter ofthe prominent Carrillo family.When forbid­den to marry by local authorities, theyeloped to South America, were married andlater returned. Their romance is a staple ofpopular lore about the early interaction ofAmerican traders with the Californio com­munity.

Work on the large collections of arti­facts and data recovered from the Old TownSan Diego excavation continues. The mate­rial from more than 1,500separate archaeo­logical contexts has been catalogued, andanalysis and report preparation is inprogress. A Web site discussing some as­pects of this project is accessible at: http://archaeology.parks.ca.gov/structures/sca/scaindex.htm

• U.S. Army Fort Rosecrans, San Diego,California: As a construction team demol­ished twenty feet of chimney and beganremoving the yellow-tan fire bricks, a cav­ity appeared, concealed behind a finelymortared fire hearth, and the facadetumbled down. The workman removed ascuffed old Army boot and a Spanish Ameri­can War campaign hat. This May 1998 dis­covery at Ll.S, Army Fort Rosecrans is thefirst reported evidence of a ritual magic con­cealment feature in a Euro-American his­toric context in California. Discussionsamong archaeologists, historians, architects,and folk lore specialists in 1999 revealed athousand-year old pagan tradition of spiritward concealment in European Americansocieties. This spiritual practice survivedcenturies of Christianity and bridged theAtlantic Ocean with the earliest Europeansettlers in North America. Survival of pa­gan spiritual traditions from ancient tomodern times is not well documented, butEgyptian scholar Murray researched the is­sue in England through oral history andconcluded some families continued the OldWays well into the 1920s. Traditional Brit­ish scholars roundly challenged her evi­dence with religious skepticism. Forty yearslater, folklorist George Ewart Evans pro-

duced well-documented evidence ofAnglian pagan practices that lasted until theend of World War I. Many contemporaryAmerican historic archaeologists outrightdismiss architectural concealments as trashdumps or pack rat haunts. In spite of thesedenials, evidence for post-Christian paganritual features has been accumulating inhistoric and archaeological contexts for thepast sixty years. Scholars in Wales, Anglia,and Australia have documented more than1,550 architectural and archaeological siteswith pagan folk magic features. A growingnumber of similar discoveries along theeastern seaboard of the United States mir­rors the chimney concealment of the FortRosecrans Army boot and hat. These datapresent convincing evidence of continuedpagan practices in households over the pasttwo hundred years. The question thenarose, how could a British pagan ritual beperformed during the 1904 construction ofa U.S. Army barracks at Fort Rosecrans inSan Diego, California? The ethnic roots oflate nineteenth- and early twentieth-cen­tury America provide the strongest evi­dence for cultural linkage. The 1904 musterroles for Fort Rosecrans report more than15 percent of the soldiers were born in Scot­land, Ireland, or England. More than 40percent of the soldiers came from the east­ern seaboard of the United States. Anyoneof these men who worked for the U.S.ArmyQuartermaster Corps could have quietlybricked-in the boot and hat during construc­tion of the chimney. A major problem liesin the massive reorganization of the U.S.Army in the 1902 to 1904 period to createthe Coast Artillery Corps from field artillery,infantry, and raw recruits. This new corpsdrew thousands of soldiers from all overAmerica to carry out President TheodoreRoosevelt's new vision of sea coast defense.Next to nothing is known of the soldiers'ethnic and religious demographics.

There is little documented record to ex­plain the cleverly concealed campaign hatand boot in the Fort Rosecrans enlisted bar­racks chimney. However, correspondencefrom New England and London museumsidentified the practice as a survival of athousand-year-old pre-Christian pagan re­ligious ritual. June Swann has documentedmore than 1,550 shoe concealments in Eu­rope, North America, and Australia andpublished her work in the Journal ofCostumeSociety. Swann added the Fort Rosecransconcealment to the Northampton MuseumIndex. Additionally, Swann reported"spiri­tual middens" which received offerings forover a period of two hundred years. Con­cealment of shoes dates further back in time,to at least the fourteenth century. The Ro­mans and Celts believed all the earth, rocks,and plants to be the domain of gods andgoddesses. Construction of homes, founda­tion excavation, and movement of rocks

disrupted the harmony of those gods. Dur­ing those early centuries, Romans and Celtsconducted rituals and buried horse skulls,bottles of wine, and other personal objectsas libations and protections against angrydeities. These ritual pits later included per­fectly serviceable possessions, such asswords, sewing tools, and coins that wereritually bent. When the Romans departed,Celtic and later Christian people extendedthose rituals of votive burial. The spread ofChristianity between the fourth and tenthcenturies triggered changes in the meaningof the rituals. This fundamental spiritualshift one thousand years ago is crucial tounderstanding the meaning of the boot andhat in the chimney at Fort Rosecrans. Be­fore Christianity, English and Welsh peoplebelieved in benevolent gods and goddesseswho could be appeased by ritual and liba­tion. These deities were perceived in posi­tive images. Christianity re-shaped thoseimages as evil flying demons who could slipinside homes during sleep and cause sick­ness or death. By the thirteenth century,former goddesses were feared as demons.By the sixteenth century, the Christianchurch renamed them as "witches" andtheir magic as "witchcraft."

This subtle philosophical shift did notdeny the existence of Celtic gods and god­desses, only that they were really spawn ofthe devil to be feared. For the most part, ritu­als no longer offered libations to the godsand goddesses. A rise in rituals to ward off"evil" demons and witchcraft rose steadilythrough the past thousand years. Today,museums throughout England, Anglia,Wales, Scotland, and Ireland are activelyresearching the continuation of pagan cer­emonies, rituals, and spiritual belief. Thefocus has been on the past 150 years, inwhich a great deal of written oral historyhas been documented. For example, theMuseum of Welsh Life has teams of archae­ologists who actively visit rural homes todocument the discovery of (1) horse skullsand bones, (2) shoes, (3) mummified cats,(4) witch bottles, (5) written charms andcurses, and (6)charms or amulets placed inbuildings to ward off evil, rats, and insects.Swann explained the rationale for selectinga heavily worn soldier's boot for the con­cealment in the Fort Rosecrans chimney liesin the spiritual connection with the object.The folk belief follows that the leather boottook on the spiritual essence and personal­ity of the wearer, thus becoming a potentspirit force. The goal of the ritual is to in­stall an object, such as the campaign hat andboot, that will grow a mirror of the originalspirit to guard over the household. In es­sence, the soldier's boot and hat spawneda mirror of his own spirit to protect boththe chimney and those soldiers who livedand worked in the Army barracks. Or, asthe title of this paper implies, a soldier in

the chimney. The cultural implications foranthropological archaeologists and archi­tectural historians working in NorthAmerica are enormous. European immi­grants brought more than the clothes ontheir backs to this land. They brought for­mal religions and a rich tapestry of folk be­liefs.Some immigrants brought pagan ritualmagic traditions that span more than athousand years and bridge the Atlantic. Ar­chaeologists should rethink every bottle,bone, coin, jar, hat, and boot concealed in­side and under historic buildings. For theboot you find might house the spirit whoguarded the house you are studying.

• Presidio of San Diego, San Diego, Cali­fornia: During 2000-2001, the Center forSpanish Colonial Research activities hascontinued to focus on laboratory analysisof materials recovered between 1992 and1998 from the north wing of the Presidio ofSan Diego site. This settlement representedthe first non-Indian community to be estab­lished in California. Between 1769 and 1834,the presidio served as one of Spain andMexico's major military colonies on the Pa­cific Rim. The study area consisted of a se­ries of rooms and walled yards that repre­sented residences dating principally to1776-1835. The complex included one of theresidences of the comandante (circa 1781­1800), a section of the adobe ramparts, analleyway, a communal barracks, a ware­house, and numerous one-room houses andadjacent kitchens. The project was designedto define and recover materials from an areaof the site endangered by the continuingcollapse of an adjacent cliff. The ongoingwork has been undertaken by center staff,Elderhostel service learning participants,and a variety of graduate and undergradu­ate students. The first major publication toinclude information recovered from the ef­fort, a four-volume series on the history andarchaeology of the presidios of California,will be completed during the winter/springof 2001. The preparation of comprehensiveproject findings is expected to continuethrough 2005. The work was made possibleby grants and support from Americorps, theNational Trust for Historic Preservation, anda grant from the State Historic PreservationOffice.

• Mission Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,California: The Center for Spanish ColonialResearch has also continued efforts in sup­port of historic preservation projects at Mis­sion Santa Barbara. In December 2000, aportion of the central plaza that fronted theconvento (missionary residence) complexwas evaluated. Between 1786 and 1834 thesettlement served as one of the largest, andmost elaborate mission communities in Cali­fornia. The limited testing indicated that thesurface of the study area remains in the

same approximate position as it had in co­lonial times. Some evidence was uncoveredof construction and demolition activitiesthat have taken place at the location. Theproject was completed by Center staff incooperation with the Mission Santa BarbaraMuseum, as part of a long-term, multi­phase effort to identify site remains and tohelp frame a site management plan. As aresult of the recent projects, an appropriatebarrier has been installed to prevent dam­age to the masonry lavanderia (lavabo­wash basin) and nearby historic vegetation.The findings from the archaeological effortare being compiled in part by Center re­searchers for a larger comparative evalua­tion of mission-related culture change innorthwestern New Spain. The work wasmade possible by the financial support ofthe Franciscans, who continue to live andwork at the site.

• Mission San Luis Rey, Oceanside, Cali­fornia: The Center for Spanish ColonialResearch efforts has also continued in sup­port of historic preservation activities atMission San Luis Rey (Oceanside). San LuisRey was established in 1798. It rapidlyevolved into the largest mission communityin Alta California, with a population ap­proaching three thousand neophytes. Be­fore 1834,the Indian residents completed aquadrangular convento complex that mea­sured more than 500 feet on a side, makingit the largest to be found in the province.During the summer of 2000,archaeologicalwork and stabilization efforts were con­cluded on the acequia (aqueduct), a studythat was initiated at the request of the siteadministrator and mission museum in 1997.The project focused on an area that con­tained a portion of an early nineteenth-cen­tury tile and cement aqueduct. The featurehad been exposed during the 1960sin con­nection with a poorly documented excava­tion. During subsequent years, the aque­duct section had been subjected to periodicreburial and exposure as a result of erosion.The excavation revealed the structure of theaqueduct and recovered a diverse array ofartifacts, most of which were associatedwith the nearby communal kitchen(pozolero). The entire study area was back­filled in order to protect the fragile featurefrom further disturbance. The project wascompleted by students enrolled in Univer­sity of California San Diego, Extensionclasses in archaeological field and labora­tory methods, Elderhostel service learningparticipants, InterAmerican College under­graduates, and volunteers. During the laterpart of the year, a multi-phase archaeologi­cal test program designed to facilitate theintroduction of a city water main and firehydrants was initiated. It provided an east­west cross-section of the stratigraphy andcultural deposits of the entire mission area.

The findings suggest the need for revisionsin regards to some ideas about the use ofvarious portions of the site during colonialtimes. The data compiled from these ar­chaeological effort are being used by Cen­ter researchers for a larger comparativeevaluation of mission-related culturechange in northwestern New Spain. TheCenter's investigations at San Luis Rey havebeen made possible by the financial supportof the Franciscans, who continue to live andwork at the site.

• Presidio of San Francisco: Although nointact building remains from the initialSpanish or Mexican occupations (1776--1822,1822-1846),the front portion of Building 50,the former U.S.Army Officers Club remod­eled in 1934, contains the adobe walls of amuch earlier building possibly containingthe fabric of the original Spanish Presidio.The adobe walls date at least to the 1840sand possibly as early as 1791. In January2001,a portion of the still extant adobe wallwas found during construction activities torehabilitate the building for installation ofthe exhibit "Unseen Treasures: ImperialRussia and the New World," which opensto the public in the spring of 2001.Archae­ologists and historic preservation person­nel from the Presidio Trust (EricBlind, Rose­mary Healy) and National Park Service (LeoBarker, Hans Barnaal) prepared a detailed,measured record and drawn profile of theexposed portions of the adobe wall duringthis vertical archaeological discovery in or­der to see the interfaces between differentbuilding episodes. An historic structuresreport has been initiated by the Trust andwill be prepared by the Architectural Re­sources Group of San Francisco.

At the request of the Presidio Trust andthe National Park Service, the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, Archaeological Re­search Facilityarchaeologists Barb VossandAmy Ramsey conducted field studies dur­ing June through August 1999 at thePresidio of San Francisco, a National His­toric Landmark District. Field investigationswere undertaken to provide cultural re­source information to assist in the designof a proposed lawn irrigation system for anarea previously known to contain signifi­cant archaeological resources, the FunstonAvenue Officers Quarters. This study wasdesigned to characterize baseline archaeo­logical conditions by investigating thedepositional history of the project area andassessing the presence, types, and integrityof Spanish-colonial, Mexican, and Americanperiod features. Toaddress these goals, theinvestigators employed document-basedstudies, stratigraphic trenching, geophysi­cal survey, and presence/absence testing byexcavation. The final report provides de­tailed descriptions of the project researchdesign, the methods and findings for each

research task, the results of public interpre­tation activities and laboratory inventoryand analysis, raw data from a geophysicalsurvey, micromorphology, andphotodocumentation. The final report forthese archaeological excavations alongFunston Avenue is now available electroni­cally at http://www.qal.berkeley.edu/arf/presidio/index.html. Work is expected tocontinue in summer 2001.

The Presidio Trust plans to rehabilitatethe Civil War-era Officers' Quarters alongFunston Avenue over the next few years.Beyond this specific use for planning reno­vations, the information recovered throughthis research can help to better explain whatlife was like for people living at the Presidiothrough its extensive history. The entire his­torical development of the Presidio is rep­resented in intact archaeological depositsalong Funston Avenue, providing a uniquewindow into its past. The Funston Avenuearea has a rich past, spanning prehistoric,Spanish-colonial, Mexican, and UnitedStates epochs of California history. Commu­nities of ''http://cimcc.indian.com/who.htm"lived along the Presidio's bay shore forthousands of years. Inland areas like thiswere important sources of plant foods andgame. When Spain colonized California,this area was selected as the site for a fort,or presidio, to defend to San Francisco Bay.About forty families traveled here fromnorthern Mexico in 1776. They built theirfirst settlement, a small quadrangle, only afew hundred feet west of Funston Avenue.By the early 1800s,they had expanded theirsettlement. The east side of this larger quad­rangle is located in the backyards of Offic­ers' Quarters 11 through 16.Archaeologistsfirst uncovered the stone foundations forthis expanded adobe structure in 1993.Sincethen, excavations have recovered butcheredanimal bones, fragments of wrought-irontools, and bits of pottery manufactured inMexico, China, and England. Artifacts fromthe Native Californians who lived andworked at this Spanish fort include a shellbead, a mortar, and a piece of chipped stone.Mexicocontrolled the Presidio following therevolution in 1821,and put less importanceon the post. In 1835,most soldiers and theirfamilies moved to Sonoma, leaving thePresidio nearly abandoned. By 1846,whenJohn Fremont claimed the Presidio for thenew Bear Flag Republic, the eastern side ofthe quadrangle had completely collapsed.United States military troops establishedtheir command post and barracks on thewest side, where some adobe buildings stillstood in 1847.The Funston Avenue area re­mained in disuse until the Civil War.At thattime, the Presidio expanded its defenses toprotect the Golden Gate waterway. Twelvecottages along the west side of Funston Av­enue were constructed in 1862 to providemuch-needed housing. Over time, wives

and families joined the officers quarteredthere. In 1878, these buildings werechanged so that their front entryways facedeast toward the city of San Francisco. Thisreorientation created sealed archaeologicaldeposits relating to the Civil War-era resi­dents. Archaeological traces of a Presidioofficer's family lifeinclude cow and chickenbones, buttons, milk glass and ceramic frag­ments, and part of a porcelain doll's head.Officers' Row remained an active area of thePresidio over the next century.

The investigators found that theproject area contains a wide range of sig­nificant, intact archaeological deposits andfeatures that span early colonial occupa­tions of the Presidio through the early 1900s.The entire south half of the Project Areacontains dense concentrations of Spanish­colonial (1776-1821) and Mexican (1822­1846) period archaeological deposits. Thewest yards of Buildings 11 through 16 con­tain well-preserved foundations of theSpanish-colonial main quadrangle. The ar­chaeological remains of the quadranglehave such integrity that former floor sur­faces and the associated material residuesof household activities have been identifiedwithin areas of the former quadrangle'srooms. Additionally, both the east and westyards of the south half of the project areacontain archaeological deposits from theearliest colonists residing at the Presidio.These include borrow pits, butchering de­posits, fire hearths, and domestic waste de­posits. Finally,even though the testing pro­gram in the south half of the project areafocused on Spanish-colonial remains, inves­tigators also encountered a significanthousehold waste deposit relating to the1861-1878occupation of the Officers Quar­ters.

Combined with the overall observa­tions about the depositional history of theproject area, the integrity of this depositsuggests that archaeologists can expect tofind additional intact American-period re­sources within the south half of the projectarea. The north half of the project area isalso rich in archaeological resources. Lim­ited testing showed that the east yards con­tain well-preserved archaeological remainsfrom the 1861-1878occupation of the Quar­ters, including privy pits, brick foundations,a box drain or sewer, wooden architecturalremains, and household waste deposits.The west yards contain post-1878 remainsof people's activities in the backyards, suchas extensive sheet deposits. The west yardsalso have preserved structural remains as­sociated with previous historical land­scapes, such as remnants of wooden fencesfrom the early 1900s. Because the FAARPinvestigation was the first archaeologicalstudy targeting American-period resourceswithin the project area, it is premature todelineate the exact distribution of these late

1800s- and early 1900s-era deposits. How­ever, the American-period deposits discov­ered in 1999 throughout the project areahave integrity, research value, and interpre­tive potential commensurate with the Span­ish-colonial period resources describedabove.

It is rare to find archaeological depos­its as intact as those revealed in the FAARPinvestigations. The importance of this cul­tural resource is heightened by thePresidio's prominent role in the history ofSpanish colonies in the New World, indig­enous Californians, the city of San Fran­cisco, and eighteenth- and nineteenth-cen­tury international relations. The projectarea contains intact remains relating to eachhistoric phase of occupation of the Presidio;the potential for drawing on these remainsfor a wide range of significant research inany of these time periods cannot be over­estimated. Likewise, public interpretationof these cultural resources has already beenshown to have local, national, and interna­tional appeal. The FAARP investigationsdocumented several intact deposits or fea­tures located only 2 to 3 inches belowground surface. The deposits and featuresin the Funston Avenue Officers Quartersand adjacent areas are a world-class ar­chaeological resource for tourism, educa­tion, and research equal to those present atmajor heritage centers such as AndrewJackson's Hermitage Plantation, ColonialWilliamsburg, and YorvikViking Center. Aconservation-based interpretive approachto managing and protecting these resourceswill greatly enhance the educational andrecreational values of the Presidio.

Underwater News

Reported by Toni Carrell

Florida

• Lighthouse Archaeological MaritimeProgram (LAMP): The Lighthouse Ar­chaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) isa marine archaeological research institutethat is dedicated to the study, investigation,and interpretation of St. Augustine and allof Northeast Florida's maritime history.Through historical and archaeological re­search, LAMP explores and delineates thenumerous underwater archaeology sites as­sociated with the creation and developmentof the nation's oldest port. LAMP began its2000field season on the "TubeSite,"8SJ3478.The site was discovered during the 1997St.Augustine Maritime Survey. Subsequent in­vestigations in 1998and 1999delineated theboundaries and recorded the in situ re­mains. Historical research suggested thatthe vessel may be the remains of the Brit-

ish sloop Industry. The vessel wrecked onthe bar near St. Augustine on 6 May 1764,carrying supplies for the garrison at St. Au­gustine. Under permit from the Florida Bu­reau ofArchaeological Research, LAMPper­sonnel will further delineate the site andrecord any extant hull structures uncovered.Kelly Bumpass, who has participated in ev­ery field season in St. Augustine, will nowserve as LAMP's field director.

LAMPwill also continue working withmarine science students from the NeaseHigh School Center for Environmental andArchitectural Design on the "SteamshipSite," 8SJ331O. This unique program, estab­lished in 1999by LAMP Executive DirectorJ. W Morris III, teaches dive- certified highschool students, basic underwater archaeo­logical recording methods. The studentsworking on 8SJ331O will form the basis ofthe nomination of the site to the State ofFlorida's Underwater Archaeological Pre­serve Program. This fall, LAMP will designand produce a full- size fiberglass model ofa ship's hull section to teach incoming stu­dents recording methodology in the poolbefore diving on 8SJ331O. A similar programhas also been established in partnershipwith the University of North Florida to trainundergraduate students.

Finally,in conjunction with Dr.GordonWatts and students from East CarolinaUniversity's program in Maritime History,LAMP will conduct detailed remote sens­ing operations north of St. Augustine inletfocusing on locating the remains of the Con­federate privateer Jefferson Davis.

Working with the St. Augustine Light­house & Museum, LAMP provides publicaccess to all aspects of the program. Dy­namic exhibits at the museum interpret theongoing research projects, and public pre­sentations and internship programs on thehigh school, undergraduate, and graduate­student level provide educational opportu­nities for students and the general public.

All archaeological research is con­ducted with full compliance to professionalarchaeological standards under permit fromthe State of Florida's Bureau of Archaeologi­cal Research. The waters surrounding St.Augustine have been designated as a Stateof Florida Archaeological Reserve Area, areexclusively for scientific investigations, andmay not be used for the commercial salvageof historical or archaeological resources.

Conservation of all materials recoveredby LAMP in the course of field investiga­tions is done in-house under the directionof Jason M. Burns. A full conservation facil­ity, also offering contract conservation ser­vices, is in-place on the Lighthouse grounds.For more information on the LAMP or theconservation services, please write to: Light­house Archaeological Maritime Program, 81Lighthouse Ave., St. Augustine, FL 32084;Tel/Fax 904.829.0745; E-mail

stauglh@aug.comor jmbstaug@yahoo.comor visit the Web site at http://www.stauglight.com

Mississippi

• Minerals Management Service (MMS):The Mississippi National Register ReviewBoard added the wreck of the steamshipJosephine (22HR843) to the National Regis­ter of Historic Places on 22 September 2000.The wreck, which lies off Biloxi, Mississippi,in the Gulf of Mexico,first was documentedby archaeologists with the MMS of the U.S.Department of the Interior in 1998as partof their ongoing program to manage his­toric shipwrecks with respect to offshore oiland gas development. Josephine is an iron­hulled, side-wheel steamship built byHarlan and Hollingsworth in Wilmington,Delaware, in 1867 for the Charles MorganLine, one of the first organized shippinglines in the United States. The vessel pro­vided passenger and freight service be­tween Morgan City, Louisiana, andGalveston, Texas, until 1881, when it wasplaced in service between Havana, Cuba,and New Orleans. Josephine foundered in awinter gale in 1881,carrying a cargo of to­bacco and cigars from Havana. At present,the well-preserved wreck lies upright inabout 40 feet of water. Much of the hull andpropulsion system appears still intact. Oneof the wreck's most prominent features isits large, diamond-shaped walking beam,which transferred power from the steamengine to the paddle wheels. An MMS re­port on this and another Morgan Linewreck, New York, may be viewed on theagency's Web site: http://www.gomr.mms.govlhomepg/whatsnew/publicat/gomr/lrion_and_Ball. pdf. Theshipwreck was determined eligible to theNational Register under criteria C and D.

New York

• Bateaux Below, Incorporated (BBI):BBI,a not-for-profit educational corporation, hascompleted an archaeological survey andproject report on the Delaware & HudsonCompany's marine railway, a submergedcultural resource located at the south endof the 32-mile-longLake George, New York.The marine track, also called the "Subma­rine Railway," was in service from 1910 to1950. It was used to launch and retrievemotorboats and cruisers and to transport icecut from the lake. Alocomotive with a cablewas attached to a boxcar that carried a boatin a support cradle. The railroad car wasthen backed into the lake using the marinetrack. When the car reached a suitabledepth, the boat was floated off and the rail­road car was pulled ashore. Although theD & H retired the marine railway half a cen-

tury ago, more than 200 feet of the sub­merged track survives, with 122feet of thatstill intact. The marine track is ballasted inmarble. Its design and function are ratherunique to the region. Bateaux Below, Inc.,wants Lake George's submerged D & Htrack nominated to the National Register ofHistoric Places. The research team has peti­tioned the New YorkState Office of Parks,Recreation and Historic Preservation towork together to nominate the site to theNational Register.

North Carolina

• East Carolina University, Program inMaritime Studies: A wide variety ofprojects was undertaken in 2000, rangingfrom California's Channel Islands to Maine.The Winfield Scott was a gold rush-erasteamer sunk adjacent to the Channel Is­lands. Three students and one staff mem­ber conducted preliminary research todocument the vessel's steam power plantas part of Dede Marx's thesis research.

A digital mosaic and photo mosaic ofthe USS Schurz was completed by TaneCasserley 32 miles off the North Carolinacoast in August. This project was conceivedand carried out by Casserley as part of histhesis research.

The Deveroux Cove Vessel in thePenobscot River, Maine, was recorded byfive ECU students under the direction ofRuss Green. This project was funded by theBattlefield Protection funding administeredby the National Park Service. The vessel isbelieved to be the remnant of a ship delib­erately scuttled and burned when theAmerican flotilla was confronted by theRoyal Navy in 1778.

Recording of a War of 1812 Packet, inFrenchtown Creek, Maryland, was underthe direction of Mike Plakos. Seven studentsand one alumnus participated in this projectto record details of this burned vessel. Theproject was partially funded by the Under­water Archaeology portion of the MarylandHistorical Trust.

One ECU student and a staff memberparticipated in NOAA's attempted USSMonitorengine recovery. This preliminarywork consisted of video mapping, emplace­ment of a recovery structure, and record­ing of delicate artifacts such as gauges andsteam machinery before the actual recov­ery.

Remote Sensing, Olympic NationalMarine Sanctuary, Washington. StudentsMike Plakos and Matt Muldorf and alum­nus Jeff Morris conducted a remote sens­ing survey under contract from NOM toidentify any cultural material around De­struction Island. Historical records list atleast thirteen vessels lost in this area. Onlyone vessel was positively identified. Other

targets have not been completely evaluated.Brad Rodgers directed a field school in un­derwater archaeology at Castle Island,Washington, North Carolina. Work re­corded details of a variety of abandonedvessels dating throughout the nineteenthcentury. The major effort concentrated onrecording a barge/ferry that provided trans­portation across the PamlicoRiver in the latenineteenth century.

Civil War Whaling Vessel, Pohnapei,Micronesia. Suzanne Finney and FrankCantelas tested a site in Pohnapei harbor forthree weeks in August. Materials recoveredsuggested the vessel was possibly a Ll.S,flagged whaling vessel, destroyed by theCSS Shenandoah in 1865. This project wassupported by Battlefield Protection fundsprovided by the National Park Service.

Kathy Fach was awarded a researchgrant by the Mariner's Museum to exam­ine the museum's figurehead collection.The documentary and artifactual examina­tion is part of her thesis research. JeffDeprizito was awarded an internship withMystic Seaport to conduct research relatedto his thesis on the British East India Com­pany. At the same time, ECU alumnus JohnJenson was conducting postdoctoral re­search at Mystic.

In conjunction with the North CarolinaUnderwater Archaeology Unit, seven ECUstudents and one alumnus worked on thesite believed to be the Queen Anne'sRevenge,off Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. In thespring, timbers were recovered and the areasandbagged for protection. In the fall, ad­ditional cultural material was recovered andmapping completed.

Bermuda FallResearch Semester underthe direction of Gordon Watts examined the"Iron Knee Site." This is the earliest knownexample of cast-iron knees recovered froma wreck. The sunken vessel is unknown butbelieved to be from the late eighteenth orearly nineteenth century.

The Door County, Wisconsin StoneBarge Survey directed by Brad Rodgers in­volved four students and staff of the Wis­consin Underwater Archaeology Office forthree weeks in September. The crew re­corded the City of Glasgow bulk carrier andrevisited stone barges at Sturgeon Bay,Wis­consin.

Doug Jones conducted thesis researchon the site of the Black Warrior, a Confeder­ate schooner deliberately destroyed afterthe battle of Roanoke Island in 1862.It wastoo wide to pass through the Dismal SwampCanal at Elizabeth City. Six ECU studentsparticipated in the joint expedition sup­ported by the Underwater ArchaeologyUnit.

MJ Harris worked on the Firehole Ho­tel in Yellowstone National Park withAnnalies Corbin (PAST Foundation) and BillHunt (NPS).Harris's work concentrated on

recovering artifact specimens from theFirehole River to evaluate the impact of theheavily mineralized thermal river on ceram­ics and glass. She also gathered documen­tary sources and oral history as part of histhesis research.

Six East Carolina University studentsparticipated in the Tall Ships/OpSaii 2000tour of the East Coast as crew members onthe U'S. brig Niagara. This experience waspart of the work involved in a course inabove-water archaeology. The Niagara is aPennsylvania state historic site based in Erie,Pennsylvania. The first students boarded inNorfolk, Virginia, and others were stillaboard when the ship returned to Erie atthe end of the summer.

South Carolina

• South Carolina Institute of Archaeologyand Anthropology (SCIAA), UnderwaterArchaeology Division (UAD): The historicreplica of the schooner Amistad waslaunched at Mystic Seaport on 25 March2000.The vessel was framed using live oakprovided by the South Carolina Institute ofArchaeology and Anthropology (SCIM)and the South Carolina Department ofTransportation (SCDOT) under the state'sHistoric Ships Supply Program. Divisionpersonnel Christopher Amer,James Spirek,and Joe Beatty continued to coordinate withQuentin Snediker, Head Shipwright for theAmistad Replica Project at Mystic Seaport,to harvest live oak trees slated for removalby highway widening projects to supply theneeds of future reconstruction and replicaprojects.

Christopher Amer, Jonathan Leader,and the staff of SCIAA's Underwater Ar­chaeology Division (UAD) continuedthroughout the year to assist the S.c.Hunley Commission and the Friends of theHunley by providing consultation, publiclectures, and logistical support for theproject. In May through early August UADstaff worked alongside Naval HistoricalCenter, Friends of the Hunley, and NationalPark Service divers, as well as a sizable crewfrom Oceaneering International, Inc., toexcavate and raise the boat. The project,under the direction of Dr. Robert Neyland,was a model of cooperation between pri­vate and public sector groups and set a highstandard for conducting archaeological re­covery and conservation of large iron/com­posite artifacts.

During the year the UAD completedthe first phase of the project, which isfunded in part by a grant from the Depart­ment of Defense Legacy Program. Re­searcher Mark Ragan completed archivalresearch in Washington, D.C., and SouthCarolina repositories on eighty-eight mili­tary shipwrecks in state waters. Many ofthese wrecks are under the purview of the

General Services Administration and/or theLl.S, Navy. The result of that research wassubmitted to the Naval Historical Center inpartial fulfillment of the grant. The Divisionis now compiling an accounting of recentenvironmental and human interventions tothose sites and will enter updated data intothe NHC's shipwreck database during thefirst half of 2001.This database will serve asa basis for developing a USN managementplan for these wrecks, and to act as a frame­work for setting up a management programfor all the naval wrecks in South Carolinawaters. Additionally, many of the listed sitesin the Charleston area will be investigatedusing remote-sensing techniques.

The RiceMuseum in Georgetown, S.c.,provided the public an advanced glimpseof the Brown's Ferry Vesselwhen it hosteda pre-exhibition opening in the spring of2000. The event allowed members of thepublic to playa role in the development ofthe upcoming Brown's Ferry Vesselexhibi­tion by interacting with SCIM archaeolo­gists and RiceMuseum exhibition planners.During the year, Division staff continued toprovide maintenance for the mooring struc­tures and cultural resources on the three­mile-long Cooper River Heritage divingtrail. We decided to remove the buoys andcables at the end of the dive season to pro­vide much-needed maintenance to cablesand shackles, which are showing the del­eterious effects of the brackish waters of theCooper River.

Asurvey was completed of the PimlicoVessel, a 19.2-meter sailing craft lost near theriver channel. The survey revealed the com­plete remains of the lower stern and bowstructures along with a significant portionof the port side. Timbers on the more ex­posed starboard side provided enough in­formation to begin a preliminary set of ar­chitecturallines.

During the summer a second site, thatof a late eighteenth-/early-nineteenth-cen­tury cargo vessel, was mapped and archi­tectural components labeled to enhance thediver's experience on the site. Additionally,Division staff returned the sternpost, sternknee, and composite rudder to the sitenearly two decades after the pieces wereremoved from the wreck to protect themfrom looters. Updated site plans and infor­mation on the two sites will appear on theDivision's Maritime Heritage home pageearly next year.

Virginia

• Monitor National Marine Sanctuary: TheMonitor2000Expedition resulted in the sta­bilization of the Monitor's hull with cementbags, the installation of a 90-ton, three-partengine recovery structure, and the recov­ery of two major components from the his­toric ironclad's propulsion system. The ex-

pedition was composed of three phases.Phase I, a preliminary survey, was carriedout by a NOM scientific diving team. TheNavy phase (Phase II) began in June as ajoint mission between the National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration (NOM)and the Ll.S,Navy. One of its major objec­tives was the placement of specially fabri­cated frames and bags beneath the hull toshore up the deteriorating ironclad. Navydivers from Mobile Diving and Salvage UnitTwo (MDSU-2)carried out the stabilizationefforts by filling the bags with "grout" (atype of cement). This process is designedto prevent or minimize a major collapse ofthe Monitor'shull, which would damage ordestroy much of the material still containedwithin the vessel. During Phase III a sec­ond NOM team conducted surveys andexcavations in preparation for next year'srecovery operations.

Monitor 2000 brought NOM and theNavy one step closer to recovering theMonitor's steam engine. After waiting weeksfor a perfect weather day, a 90-ton steelEngine Recovery Structure (ERS) was low­ered over the Monitor, nearly 230 feet be­low the surface. Then a steel "trolley" andengine lifting frame (ELF) were placed atopthe ERS to provide a strong support towhich the engine will be attached for re­covery. The ERSis designed to support theironclad's steam engine during rigging andrecovery and will remain on the ocean flooruntil 2001,when NOM and the Navy willrecover the engine.

Two massive artifacts were recoveredfrom the USS Monitor. On July 28, the lastday of Phase II of the Monitor2000 Expedi­tion, a Navy dive team recovered theMonitor's skeg, a large beam that supportedher propeller shaft and rudder. The previ­ous day, a 10-foot section of the Monitor'spropeller shaft was recovered, clearing apathway into the engine room. The artifactswere offloaded from a barge at the NavalAmphibious Base, Little Creek, Virginia,from which they were transported to theMariners' Museum by Fort Eustis ArmyTransportation Unit, for conservation andexhibition.

The 28-foot-Iong, 7,000-pound ironskeg is an extension of the keel, providingsupport for the vessel's rudder and propel­ler. Still attached to the skeg are the largewrought-iron bars that form a "Y" thatbolted to the Monitor's hull. In 1991,the skegwas pulled loose by a private fishing vesselthat anchored illegally in the Sanctuary. A6-foot section of the lower hull, the "Y"por­tion of the skeg, and the skeg itself were tornloose from the Monitor as a result. NOMidentified the skeg as a major componentof the wreck of the Monitor, making it oneof many artifacts slated for recovery.

The 10-foot section of the Monitor'spropeller shaft will match to the segment

currently in conservation at the Mariners'Museum and also to the skeg. The shaftpassed through the aft end of the Monitor'slower hull by means of a"stuffing box" thatprevented water from entering the hullaround the opening for the shaft. When theskeg was ripped loose, it took with it thehull plate that mates up to the stuffing boxarea. Therefore, the two segments of pro­peller shaft and the skeg can be rejoined toform the external portion of the Monitor'spropulsion system.

Monitor 2000 is a continuation ofNOMs efforts to preserve portions of thedisintegrating Monitor, as outlined in a 1998comprehensive, long-range preservationplan, "Charting a New Course for the Moni­tor." During 2001,NOM and the U.S. Navyhope to recover the Monitor'sengine and aportion of the armor belt, freeing the gunturret for excavation and recovery.

Washington, D.C.

• Smithsonian Institution: Work contin­ues to progress on several fronts. On 11April 2000,the Smithsonian's National Mu­seum of American History (NMAH) openedthe new 3,500-square-foot exhibit "Fast At­tacks And Boomers: Submarines in the ColdWar." The exhibition, which Paul Johnstonco-curated, explores the role of nuclear sub­marines in the military from 1945to 1991.Itdisplays recently declassified materialsnever before seen in public, includingnuclear submarine reactor control panels,quiet propeller technology, trailing patrolsof Soviet submarines, underhull surveil­lance operations, Soviet submarine patroland missile range intelligence, and more. Ithas proven to be extremely popular; thevirtual exhibit may be viewed at http://www.americanhistory.si.edu/subs. In Sep­tember 2000, Paul F. Johnston was invitedby the Navy to observe the launch of anICBM from a nuclear submarine 50 milesoff Cape Canaveral. This is the final exer­cise by a new boomer before it is certifiedas operational, and it was spectacular fromour vantage point, two miles away.

In addition, planning is well along fora new series of transportation history ex­hibits (Road, Rail and Maritime) at theNMAH; when they open in 2004, the com­bined 20,OOO-square-foot project will be thelargest ever undertaken by this museum.This past summer, a final season of excava­tions was conducted on the wreck of theRoyal Hawaiian Yacht Ha'aheo 0 Hawaii (ex­Cleopatra's Barge) in Hanalei Bay, Kauai,Hawaii. Highlights include the discovery ofa 30-foot-long section of the stern from thesternpost forward; Native Hawaiian tools,fishing gear, and game pieces; a musketforestock, a cannonball, and stamped cop­per hull sheathing. After conservation, re­search, and publication, all of the artifacts

will be permanently transferred to theKauai Museum, and plans are under wayfor several exhibits on the ship, her history,and her archaeology. The project has nowmoved into the research and publicationphase.

Finally, the NMAH is in (very) prelimi­nary discussions with the National Air andSpace Museum (NASM) about a possiblesearch for Amelia Earhart, lost in the Pacificin 1937. If the administration decides to goforward with this enterprise, we andNASM,which already has collections on theearly aviatrix, will likely enter into a part­nership with private industry and possiblyother partners as well.

• U.S. Naval Historical Center: The NavalHistorical Center's Underwater Archaeol­ogy Branch (NHC-UA) enjoyed an activeyear in 2000. Projects led by the NHC-UAhave been numerous; however, the mostnotable have been the H.L. Hunley recov­ery, the remote-sensing investigation of thewaters off Normandy, France, and twowrecks possibly from the Penobscot Expe­dition. Hunleywork climaxed this year dur­ing the successful retrieval of the intact Con­federate-manned submarine on 8 August2000. The vessel now rests in a speciallydesigned conservation facility,where inves­tigation of the interior will take place. InMay and June 2000NHC-UA and the Insti­tute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) staffcooperated on a side-scan sonar and mag­netometer investigation,looking for Ameri­can naval vessels sunken during D-Day.This exciting work resulted in many objectstargeted for more in-depth investigation.The team plans to return to complete theirremote-sensing survey next year.In September, members of UA traveled toBangor, Maine, to partially excavate a ship­wreck that may have been part of the 1779Penobscot Expedition. The site wasmapped, and a number of diagnostic arti­facts was recovered.

UA staff were gratified to learn of thepositive outcome of the TBD aircraft case,where the government's position of sover­eign immunity property rights to a sunkenTBDDevastator off the coast of Florida wasupheld. The Navy's new archaeological per­mitting procedures were published as 32CFR 767 in April 2000. Four permits weregranted by the NHC during 2000. In addi­tion, new legislation known as the WarshipProtection Act was drafted.

NHC hosted a meeting of the French!American Joint Scientific Committee thatoversees the research on CSSAlabama. Thisis a unique arrangement in which two na­tions oversee the archaeology and protec­tion of a shipwreck. Dr. Gordon Watts pre­sented his report on the 2000 field seasonand proposals for future years.

Programmatic Agreements were

signed with the states of Texas, Rhode Is­land, and Maine, that coordinate federaland state protection and management ofthe historic U.S. Navy ship and aircraftwrecks in their waters. A Memorandum ofAgreement was signed between the Navyand the Georgia Department of Natural andCultural Resources to do an inventory andmanagement plan for Navy resources inthat state. Work began on inventories andmanagement plans for Connecticut, NewYork, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

During this year UA staff presentedreports on Hunley, the Penobscot Expedi­tion, and the Normandy survey to the Na­tional Geographic Society, submitted ar­ticles on aircraft management issues to theNational Park Service's publication CRM,published an article in NavalAviationNewson the search for aircraft remains atKaneohe Bay, and hosted a discussiongroup with the Naval Inventory ControlPoint (NAVICP), the National Museum ofNaval Aviation (NMNA), the Marine CorpsAir-Ground Museum (MCAGM), and Na­val Historical Center (NHC) staff regardingUA's new archaeological permitting proce­dures and guidelines for recovering sunkenhistoric aircraft.

The Head Conservator delivered talkson underwater archaeology and conserva­tion topics to students in the Art Conserva­tion Program at the University of Delaware,the Art Conservation Program at BuffaloState College (New York),and the MarylandArchaeological and Historical Society un­derwater archaeology class, and to the pub­licat the National Park Service Fort Moultrie(South Carolina) visitor center. The Conser­vation lab personnel conserved objects froma number of sites including Housatonic, Ala­bama, Tulip, Somers, Tecumseh, Alligator, theBocaChica Channel Wreck,Buzzard's Point,the Chesapeake Flotilla, and the Phinneysite from the Penobscot Expedition.

In addition, UA staff assisted in twoaviation-related surveys to locate sunkennaval aircraft, one in Kaneohe Bay,Hawai'i,and one in a freshwater lake in North Caro­lina. In addition, UA assisted in an educa­tional outreach program teaching researchand archaeological field methods to a groupof junior high school students. In additionto mapping and studying a shipwreck siteon the island of Ocracoke, North Carolina,students wrote research papers on varioustopics involving the loss of USSCyclops, us­ing information found on the Center's Website.

• H.L. Hunley Recovery Project 2000:Dur­ing the first quarter of 2000,plans were de­veloped, reviewed, and finalized for therecovery of the submarine H.L. Hunley.Planning involved underwater archaeolo­gists, engineering consultants, and conser­vators. In the end all plans were reviewed

by a multi-agency working group with rep­resentatives from the Advisory Council forHistoric Preservation, the Navy, the ArmyCorps, the Department ofDefense, the Gen­eral Services Administration, NOAA, theSmithsonian, and the National ParkService.Other agencies also participated with ad­vice and analysis, such as NASA,which re­viewed the finite element analysis of thestructural integrity of the submarine andthe proposed recovery methods.

Detailed planning and construction ofthe conservation laboratory occurred dur­ing the same period. A number of conser­vators participated in the design planning:Dr.Donnie Hamilton, Betty Seifert,Dr.JohnLeader, and Paul Mardikian. Constructionbegan at the beginning of 2000 and wascompleted by June. The end result was aS6,000-square-foot laboratory that includeswet and dry work areas, a morgue for hu­man remains, and a large steel tank for hold­ing the submarine while maintaining wa­ter quality and temperature. This lab wasnamed in honor of Warren Lasch, chairmanof the not-for-profit Friends of the Hunley.Paul Mardikian, formerly in charge of theFrench lab Archeolyse, was recruited andhired as senior conservator.

The recovery began in May and wassuccessfully completed on 8 August withHunleyand its crew submerged in a tank inthe Warren Lasch Conservation Laboratory.Since that time the sub remains have beensealed underwater and maintained withina temperature range of 4S to 50 degreesFahrenheit. An impressed current is usedto limit corrosion in oxygenated water. Thewater is also filtered, to prevent algae fromgrowing. During this period the sub hasbeen mapped by PacificSurvey with a newlaser mapping system developed by Cyraxand remotely sensed with a sonar devel­oped by David Mindell of MIl Excavationof the interior was scheduled to begin at theend of January 2001.

Recovery was accomplished with thesupport of many agencies and individuals.The major players were the South CarolinaHunleyCommission, Friends of the Hunley,Oceaneering International, Inc., the NavalHistorical Center, the National Park Service,the South Carolina Institute of Archaeologyand Anthropology, the Department of De­fense, South Carolina Archives and History,and the College of Charleston. However,many private corporations and individuals,which are too numerous to name, providedessential support.

Canada

• Parks Canada, Underwater ArchaeologyServices (UAS): In May 2000, staff archae­ologist Marc-Andre Bernier traveled to Uru­guay under the sponsorship of the Interna­tional Development Research Centre in

Ottawa to offer two Nautical ArchaeologySociety introductory-level courses. The NAScourse provides basic instruction on thefundamentals of archaeological methodwhile emphasizing conservation ethics. Theinstruction was enthusiastically received bythe sixty-nine attendees, drawn from abroad spectrum of the diving and archaeo­logical communities. Sport divers, the Na­tional Heritage Commission, faculty andstudents from the local university, as wellas navy divers from the National Armadawere all represented. Participation of thenavy was particularly welcome, as it issuesthe country's underwater archaeologicallicenses and has access to a wealth of equip­ment that could greatly assist local archaeo­logical investigations. The navy was alsoable to provide the pool facilitiesand accom­modation for the programme, which wasorganized in conjunction with the NationalHeritage Commission. The Rio de la Plataabounds with historic Portuguese, Spanish,Dutch, British, and French wrecks of con­siderable heritage value worldwide. Theriver's dark, silty waters are also highly con­ducive to preservation, something that can'tbe said, unfortunately, of the state of exist­ing legislation. With this in mind, a lecturewas held at the university focusing on sitemanagement issues, leading to a lengthydiscussion of the need for legislation tostaunch the ongoing destruction of sitescaused by commercial salvage. The nextstep will be to train more local NAS instruc­tors so that the curriculum can be madeavailable to a greater number of interestedparties. This demand is attested to by theinternational character of the two classes,which saw individuals travelling from Ar­gentina, Brazil, and Colombia to take ad­vantage of the training.

The following month, the UAS teamconducted a survey at Fort St. Joseph Na­tional Historic Site near Sault-Ste-Marie,Ontario. Situated at the mouth of the St.Mary's River, Fort St. Joseph was built toprotect the fur trade route connecting LakesHuron and Superior after the 1794 Jay'sTreaty forced the British to vacateMichilimackinac and their other occupiedforts in American territory. During its brieflife span, the fort was used as an entrep6tby various fur-trading companies active inthe area including the North West Com­pany, and likewise accommodated the lo­cal detachment of the Indian Department.Fort St.Joseph would later serve as the stag­ing point for the surprise British attack onMichilimackinac that attended the outbreakof hostilities in 1812. Investigations in thesummer of 2000focused mainly on the mili­tary wharf associated with the fort, a fea­ture that was first documented in 1964 byWalter Zacharchuk, two years before theParks Canada underwater unit was for­mally established. This early survey located

a 23-foot bateau that was subsequentlyraised, conserved, and put on display at thesite's interpretation centre. Apublic archae­ology session was held in conjunction withthis year's field work affording local schoolgroups the opportunity to experience un­derwater archaeology firsthand. After a lec­ture by staff archaeologist Willis Stevens,students were introduced to basic method­ology by mapping the bateau exhibit dur­ing a simulated archaeological'dive' com­plete with slates, flashlights, and surfacecommunication. Two-person 'dive teams'produced maps of individual sub-ops thatwere later mended with those of their class­mates. Afterwards, they were able to ob­serve the underwater team at work on thenearby wharf guided by the fort's interpre­tation staff.

In collaboration with the Canadian Hy­drographic Service and the Institute of Nau­tical Archaeology, Underwater ArchaeologyServices recently conducted a remote im­aging survey of the wreck of the RMS Em­press ofIreland. The tragic 1914sinking of theSSG-foot-Iong passenger liner represents thegreatest loss of life in Canadian waters, andas such, the site was recently granted pro­tected status as a wreck of historical signifi­cance. The UASsurvey was assisted by BrettPhaneuf with side-scan sonar equipment onloan from INA and was further comple­mented by multibeam sonar imaging pro­vided by CHS. The aim was to experimentwith large-scale sonar mosaicing of thewreck and associated debris field in orderto better inform the site management strat­egy being developed by the government ofQuebec.

The balance of the summer saw theunit involved in a number of ongoing fieldprojects including the resource inventoriesof the Rideau Canal and Trent-Severn Wa­terway, both in Ontario, as well as a returnto the Saguenay-St. Lawrence NationalMarine Park in Quebec. Saguenay provedto be the unit's largest involvement of theyear, almost two months in duration, focus­ing principally on the area surrounding lIeRouge. The island has long posed a seriousthreat to mariners owing to its expansivereef system, the unpredictable currentsfound at the confluence of the Saguenayand St. Lawrence Rivers, and the thick fogbanks that are propense to form with littlewarning. This has resulted in a large num­ber of recorded marine casualties lying justwithin the confines of the park boundaries.UASis working to identify and inventory arepresentative sample of these sites to helpthe superintendent with the developmentof a management strategy for the entirepark.

This year saw the departure of CharlesMoore from the UASranks. A valuable andrespected researcher in the unit whose con­tributions will be sorely missed, Charles has

returned to his native Vancouver to tend tofamily commitments. The loss will be re­couped somewhat by the addition of twojob-shadowing positions that come as partof the Ontario Service Centre's successionmanagement plan.

• Underwater Archaeological Society ofBritish Columbia (UASBC): One of the old­est avocational underwater archaeologicalgroups in North America, the UASBC cel­ebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in theyear 2000in style. We rang in the new yearwith two major publications, a very full yearof exploration diving, a well-attended an­nual shipwreck conference and severalplanning sessions to chart the direction ofthe Society in coming years.

Late in 1999the UASBC published His­toric Shipwrecks of North Eastern VancouverIsland, which describes 14major wrecksitesthrough text, maps, photographs, anddrawings. A second publication, HistoricShipwrecks of theWest Kootenay District, wasreleased in March 2000and features 14 his­toric steamship wrecksites and three othersites located in the inland waterways ofsoutheastern British Columbia. This latterpublication represented a full collaborationbetween the local historical and avocationalunderwater archaeology communities. Oneresult was the presenting of the Society'scoveted Underwater Archaeology/HistoryAward to Edward (Ted) L. Affleck, one ofthe contributors to the West Kootenay pub­lication. Mr. Affleck also published a sepa­rate book, A Centuryof Paddlewheelers in thePacific Northwest, theYukon andAlaska, whichlists more than a thousand steam-drivenpaddlewheelers working on fresh waterbetween Eugene, Oregon, and the mouthof the Yukon River. Finally, two UASBCmembers, Harry Bohm and John Pollack,participated in an international geologicsurvey of microbialites (sedimentary struc­tures-a.k.a. stromatolites), which were dis­covered in Pavilion Lake, an alkaline fresh­water lake in south-central British Colum­bia. This project was featured on the coverof the 5 October issue of Nature magazine.As the microbialites are a modern exampleof microorganisms and structures that ex­isted half a billion years ago, protected sta­tus is being sought for this unique site.

On average the UASBC continues torun two or three dive trips per month formembers living on the South coast and an­other for the Okanagen and Kootenay re­gions of southeastern BritishColumbia. !hetrips focus on both site monitoring and newsurvey work. The UASBC is currently fin­ishing the second season of a three-yearproject to survey various wrecks along theSunshine Coast (the coastline of the main­land from Howe Sound to DesolationSound-the first 100miles of coast north ofVancouver). While the Kootenay Chapter

has finished its initial three-year survey ofthe 17 most prominent wrecksites and sub­merged rail yards, they continue to explorenew areas along the shores of these largealpine lakes, and over the past 6 years theyhave located and identified 55 of the ru­mored 105 sites in the region.

In light of Provincial government cut­backs to the BCHeritage Trust, the society'sprincipal funder, the UASBC conducted areview of its internal organization and es­tablished a Policy Manual that clearly out­lines the duties and responsibilities of ourvarious directors and officers. Further, thesociety established a Vancouver Area Direc­tor to undertake the organizational activi­ties of the largest chapter, thereby freeingup the provincial directors to focus on largerissues such as exploration, long-range plan­ning, and fund-raising. The UASBC alsocommissioned a group of business studentsfrom the British Columbia Institute of Tech­nology to undertake a marketing survey forthe Society.In 2001 the society will be work­ing on its recommendations, which includea membership drive, as well as various part­nership and PRopportunities. Atthe annualplanning session in November, the directorsdiscussed various ways to empower someof our volunteers by getting more of ourmembers to take responsibility for indi­vidual sites within our larger regional sur­veys or apprentice with current surveyleaders to develop their skills. The yearended on a positive note with the UASBCgovernment grant being restored to its 1996level in addition to receiving a grant fromthe BC Gaming Branch, which can be ap­plied to specific survey projects and capitalequipment.

The UASBC continues to be the onlyorganization in western Canada licensed toteach the NASprogram. In keeping with thereorganization of this training scheme inBritain, we have revamped our trainingprogram over the past six months. Whilewe hold three well-attended NAS Level Icourses per year, it is disappointing thatonly 20 percent of participants actually be­come active members of the Society afterthe training course. We are working onsome training modules at the NAS Level IIwhich will include projects to get non­divers more involved with the Society's ac­tivities, especially in the area of conserva­tion and research. Education and trainingopportunities will be a key component ofour membership drive, which will be aimedat new divers and dive clubs in the area.We also plan to develop one-page flyers onthe history of individual wrecksites for thesport diving community and charter boatoperators. Each of the flyers will feature aconservation message about submergedcultural resources and where they can getmore information.

The Foghorn, the society newsletter,

which is published nine times a year, con­tinues to be the main avenue of informa­tion for the membership and the society'snew Web site has been effective in reach­ing a wider audience.

Cayman Islands

• Cayman Islands National Museum(CINM): The Department of Environment(DOE) and Museum are collaborating toprotect Little Cayman's shipwrecks, by in­corporating them into the LC Marine ParksOfficer's patrol schedule. The DOE is offer­ing logistical support to assist the Museum'sprogram of identification, documentation,protection, and management of shipwrecksites on all three islands. The CINM and theDOE want to enlist community involve­ment to interpret the less sensitive sites, insitu, for the public. The CINM is also re­searching the feasibility of preparing a pro­posal to nominate Little Cayman, includingthe island's coral reefs and shipwrecks, tothe World Heritage Liston the basis of natu­ral and cultural criteria.

Dan Lenihan, National Park Service,Submerged Cultural Resources Unit, metwith CINM staff and DOE staff regardingthe possibility of using high-tech surveyequipment to enlarge what we know aboutlocations and distribution of sites. Lenihansuggested that CINM consider theROXXANNE system, used by the USNPS,to include submerged cultural resourcesand high definition of natural landscapesso that data on natural and cultural re­sources can be obtained during one survey.He also treated the public in Grand Caymanand Little Cayman to lectures on the Con­federate submarine H.L. Hunleyand Pacificunderwater archaeology.

The CINM and the DOE collaboratedto plot locations of all of Cayman's knownunderwater cultural heritage sites inArcView. This computer program allowedus to create map layers of environmentallyand culturally sensitive areas to be used ina constraints analysis for an ongoing studyon the provision of construction aggregateand fill material for the Cayman Islands.Coordinated with the DOE in regards to anarchaeological assessment report on theshipwreck Balboa, involving the impact ofthe proposed George Town Dock and Portdevelopment.

A rescue project was undertaken onGCL 310, "The Probable 1802 StephenBodden Site," which actually contains arti­facts that date from at least the mid-1700s,if not earlier. Among the diverse collectionare iron gunlocks and brass gun furniture,a harpoon point, iron tools, locks, keys,nails, daub, brick, ceramics, glass,clay pipes,and marine and terrestrial animal bone.Also conducted emergency work at GCL075, "The Turtle Bone Site," which dates

from ca. 1700. In addition, documentarydata was gathered on the Norwegian shipsPallas, Glamis, August, Otto Lee, Niord, Juga,Prince Frederick, and Evening Star, whichwrecked in Cayman between about 1879and 1913.

Other small-scale projects included en­listing the support of volunteers, to furtherdevelop the CINM inventory of terrestrialand underwater sites. More than 35 sitesand/or artifact collections were dealt withduring the year, whether by fieldwork, labprocessing, or write-up. A university stu­dent is writing an undergraduate disserta­tion on a collection from site GCL 019 atProspect. Volunteers continued assisting ina shipwreck-documents research project,adding data to existing files for shipwreckswhose site locations have been discovered/verified and starting new documentary filesfor 17 shipwrecks whose site locations havenot yet been discovered/verified.

England

• Humber Field Archaeology: Recent ex­cavations carried out by Humber Field Ar­chaeology (supervised by J. Fraser) on landadjacent to the River Hull have revealedtwo of the old revetments that had formerlyacted as the quay side and river frontagealong this part of the river. The excavationswere on Chapel Lane Staithe in advance ofthe construction of the extension to thetown's Street LifeMuseum. The excavationlasted for six weeks and revealed twophases of revetting, from the fifteenth cen­tury and the seventeenth to eighteenth cen­turies. A full publication of the resultsshould appear later this year.

The majority of the timbers excavatedfrom the site at Chapel Lane Staithe formedpart of the mediaeval-early post mediaevalwaterfront revetment. The bulk of thesetimbers was from a seagoing vessel of thatperiod. A series of additional timbers wasrecovered as part of a Watching Brief on thesite during ground works for the subse­quent development. Some of these weredefinitely reused boat parts whilst the rest,though possibly from a ship, could not becategorically assigned to boat/buildingstructures or material that had been usedspecifically for the revetment.

The earlier waterfront was representedby the remains of two articulated sectionsof hull. These had been placed one abovethe other in order to form the revetment.The surviving planks were fastened to eachother by a system of roves and nails to forma clinker, or lapstrake, construction. In thistype of construction the planks are fastenedto each other in an overlapping manner.That is, the top edge of the lower plankoverlies the lower edge of the next one upin the sequence. This construction methodis one that has been used extensively since

the Viking period in northern Europe andwas only replaced with carvel (flush-joined)construction for larger vessels from ca. 1500onwards. The area of overlap is then nailedthrough from outboard to inboard and thepoint end secured with an iron rove. Thearea of overlap between the two planks hadalso been deliberately thinned, probablywith an axe or froe, to allow them to fit to­gether better.

The resulting join was made water­proof by the use of luting material. Lutingand caulking materials are very similar, ifnot identical-it is the manner in whichthey are inserted that varies. Luting isplaced in position before the planks arejoined, and caulking is hammered into po­sition by the use of a caulking mallet and abroad, blunt chisel. An initial examinationof the luting present on the remains at thetime of excavation showed that it was com­posed of three strands of twisted fibrousmaterial, with full identification under way.Within the recovered section, two of thestrakes were found to be composed of twoseparate planks that were scarf-jointed to­gether, and in one case there was an insertof a third piece of timber, probably to rein­force the joint. The faces of the scarves werewaterproofed with a similar fibrous mate­rial. From the size of the timbers, and ap­parent lack of curvature to the structure, therecovered sections are from the midsectionof the hull and come from a vessel that waspossibly around 400 tons. Initial examina­tion and comments from the dendrochro­nologist (1. Tyers) indicate that the timbersare probably Baltic oak and have a fellingdate of around 1390-1405. With the aver­age life span of a vessel being between 30and 70 years, depending upon the level ofmaintenance, the vessel was probably bro­ken up around 1450 to 1470. There wereadditional timbers present in this water­front that had not originally come from aship and had been used to support the boattimbers and hold them in place as an over­all structure. This included a complete stavefrom a large cask.

The later waterfront was representedby fewer timbers, the origin of which for themajority could not be determined; however,two were definitely from a boat with threeothers possibly having originated from thesame source. The ship's timbers were firstlya lodging (horizontal) knee and secondlythe remains of a earling. The knee was se­cured with trenails and rebated for two halfbeams; it would have been used to supportand secure the hull end of a deck beam withthe rebates supporting the half beams,which in turn would have supported thedeck planking. The earling is a rebated tim­ber used to support the half beams and islocated at right angles to the deck beams.Several other timbers may well have origi­nated from a broken-up vessel, but having

been modified for use in the revetment it isimpossible to be certain at this stage as totheir origin.

Northern Ireland

• Center for Maritime Archaeology(CMA): The CMA began its second year ofactivity in 2000, which is a joint initiativebetween Environment and Heritage Serviceand the University of Ulster. The eight stu­dents who registered for the master's inscience course in maritime archaeology in1999 have all completed their coursework,and a further eleven students enrolled inOctober 2000. There are now two doctoralcandidates, and this looks set to rise to fivein the months ahead.

CMA conducted a four-week summerschool on the North Atlantic Antrim coast.A maritime landscape was chosen in thevicinity of Dunluce Castle and its associatedmedieval-period roadstead. Geophysicalsurvey and associated ground-truthing ofthe anomalies was undertaken by the staffand students, and they were joined by theSt. Andrew's-based Archaeological DivingUnit for part of the work. Survey along theshore of the study area located a number ofMesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age sites,adding to information on the exploitationof the maritime landscape in early times.

CMA continued its field survey of themaritime landscape of Bantry Bay, CountyCork, on the south coast of Ireland. Geo­physical survey was undertaken on theFrench revolutionary vessel LaSurveillante,but diving operations were hampered be­cause of local difficulties. Work continuedon land, particularly on the excavation of amid-seventeenth-century star-shaped fortand an English colonial fishing settlement.Maritime archaeology is becoming a moremainstream subject within the wider ar­chaeological community in Northern Ire­land. The School of Archaeology andPalaeoecology at the Queen's University ofBelfast has initiated a program of researchtitled TheLordship oftheIsles. Excavation wasundertaken at Dunineany Castle onIreland's North Atlantic coast as part of theinvestigations into the medieval-periodmaritime lordship that existed in the north­east of Ireland and the west of Scotland. Ina separate project, staff from the sameschool have taken a lake bed core as part ofa study of the environmental history ofRathlin Island, which lies in the North At­lantic between Ireland and Scotland.

Protection of maritime sites in thecourse of a major capital dredging schemein Belfast Lough has been achieved by useof environmental legislation. Scheduling ofmaritime sites under the Historic MonumentsandArchaeological Objects (NI)Order1995 in­cluded fish traps, tidal mills, navigationalmarkers, and three historic graving docks

at Harland and Wolff shipyard as well asthe slipways used in the building of the re­nowned vessels Titanic and Olympic.

For more information on the programand CMAcontact: Brian Williams, Joint Di­rector of the Centre for Maritime Archaeol­ogy.

• Environment and Heritage Service: Staffare still struggling with the unglamorousgrind of bringing the five-year field surveyof Strangford Lough to publication, and thismonograph remains on target to be pub­lished this year. Another season of excava­tion has been completed at the seventh- toeighth-century tidal mill at Nendrum mon­astery. Three phases of the corn mill con­tinue to astound archaeologists at the levelof technology used at this early site. A thirdseason of excavation in 2001 will completethe work, and it is intended to publish thee~c~vation with the assistance of many spe­cialist reporters. Elsewhere in StrangfordLough we have at last discovered a largenumber of oyster middens, a site type thathad initially proved elusive. These date tothe Mesolithic period, some 9,000years ago,and emphasize the importance of seafoodas an economic resource at that early time.

Mexico

• Instituto Nacional de Anthropologia yHistoria (INAH), DepartamentoArqueologia Subacuatia: The UnderwaterArchaeology Department continued re­search on the 1630-1631New Spain's FleetResearch Project. Major activities included:coordinating aspects of processing and in­terpreting the information gathered duringthe first, second, and third field seasons'elaborating and presenting (to correspond~ing authorities) of Y2Kactivities written re­por~ and the proposal for the 2001workingperiod and budget; elaborating a proposalfor the cooperation among the GovernmentofVeracruz,Pemex,the National Council forCulture and Arts, and the INAH to developmore underwater archaeological projects inVeracruz; preparing an agreement amongINAH, the Navy, and the Ministry of Ecol­ogy, to gain their support for the project,share benefits, and reduce costs.

The department also completed prepa­rations to send the glass bottles recoveredfrom La Lavandera site during the thirdfield season in 1999in Veracruz, to the Na­tional School of Conservation, Curation,and Museography "Manuel CastilloNegrete," so they can receive the propertreatments during a workshop regardingglass conservation.

There are ongoing efforts to continuethe fund-raising campaign, which includedinterviews and meetings with authoritiesand institutions in Mexico City and otherparts of the country, to support the project

in coming years.The department completed a video

titl~d Las historias sumergidas de Veracruz,which has been shown in different forums.This video was translated into French andwon an award at the Thirty-second Inter­~ation~l Festival of Maritime and Explora­tion FIlm, which took place in Toulun,France, in October 2000.Its translation intoEnglish depends on funds. It is anticipatedthat the video will be shown on nationaltelevision next December.

The department supported the firstseason of an interdisciplinary projectheaded by biologist/archaeologist ArturoGonzalez in the north of Mexico, regardingthe study, protection, and management ofsprings. The goal is to document three cen­otes in Yucatan, where human remainsanimal bones, and ceramic artifacts hav~been found.. . Two ~embers of the department par­

ticipated In an ongoing project related to~he search of a sixteenth-century shipwreckIn Guerrero Negro, Baja California, underthe direction of Jack Hunter.

Members of the department preparedthe exhibition "Underwater Archaeology, ANew Way to Approach the Past" to Uru­guay, with the help of the Mexican Minis­try of Foreign Affaires. The exhibit is inMontevideo and may travel to other citiesthrough the support of the Comision dePatrimonio Historico, Artistico y Culturaldel Uruguay.

• Underwater Archaeology, the Internet,and the World Wide Web (WWW): TheInternet has become a forum for the ex­change of information on underwater ar­chaeology and related maritime resources.The location of new sites that focus on mari­time or related fields will be included as aregular feature. Share the news with yourcolleagues by forwarding new listings orsites to tlcarrell@shipsofdiscovery.org forfuture inclusion in the SHA Newsletter.

• Arqueologia Brasileria is a Web site de­voted to science and public education. Bra­zilian archaeologists Erika Gonzalez andPaulo Zanettini submitted to Instituto Cul­tural Itau the project of the site ArqueologiaBrasileria, which was selected out of hun­dreds of proposals, being as well the firstone of this kind in our country. The sitecounts on the participation of artists andexperts in Webdesign and computer graph­ics, besides the contributions of many Bra­zilian researchers. In Portuguese, English,and Spanish the site makes available infor­mation about Brazilian research institutionsand includes a long list of museums whichdispose of archaeological assets. It also haslinks to Brazilian legislation about this sub­ject, the Culture Ministry (IPHAN/Minc),tips for reading in addition to introductory

texts, courses, and events, and ongoing re­s.earch. It includes professionals' actingfields, such as contract archaeology. The aimof the site is to provide this information inan easy and accessiblemanner. Visitthe Website at: www.itaucultural.org.br/arqueologia

Meetings of Interest

• March 2001.The Third International Con­ference on the Marine Archaeology of theBaltic Sea Area will take place in Rostock,Germany. All papers will be presented inEnglish. Those who are interested shouldcontact: Prof.Dr.Kersten Kriiger,UniversitatRostock, Historisches Institut, August­Bebel-Str.28; Phone: + +49/381/4982727 or++49/381/498 27 17; Fax: + +49/381/49827270; E-mail: kersten.krueger@philfak.uni­rostock.de

• June 2001.A call for papers for the Con­gress of the Scientific Committee of CMASon the thirty-first anniversary of its found­ing to be held in Santo Domingo, Domini­can Republic. In sponsoring this meeting,the CMAS (Confederation Mondaile desActivitiesSubaquatiques--World Underwa­ter Federation) has chosen as the theme"The Sea, Our Heritage." Conference ses­sions will be equally divided between Un­derwater Cultural Heritage and Underwa­t~~ Natural Heritage. Papers are being so­Iicited on such topics as underwater archae­ology, preservation and restoration, re­sources management, museums and exhib­its, 17gislation,marine biology and geology,manne parks, sustainable development,and marine environment. For informationcontact the Secretary of the Congress,CMAS,Viale Tiziano 74, 00196Roma Italy'Tel 39.06.36858480; Fax 39.06.36858490; E~mail cmassci@tin.it

• September 2001.The Second Conferenceon Preserving Archaeological Remains inSitu (PARIS2), will be held in London. Theconference is organized by English Heri­tage, the Museum of London ArchaeologyService, and the University of Bradford.The first PARIS conference in 1996 exam­ined physical, chemical, and biological as­pects of the burial environment, and soughtmethods of minimising change and effectson buried archaeological remains, and thepublished Proceedings are now an impor­tant reference work. The conference isfounded on the need for balanced decisionsabout protecting our cultural heritage in thecontext of sustainable development, and theconsequent need to understand the com­plex and variable condition of buried ar­chaeological remains.

PARIS2 will review the research of thelast five years and, importantly, will aim toidentify priorities and strategies for future

research and policy.This is a conference forcuratorial and contracting archaeologists,soils scientists, conservators, hydrologists,engineers, planners, and construction pro­fessionals.

Papers are invited against the follow­ing questions:1.What new research and new observations

have there been (in the last fiveyears) intothe processes of change and decay in ar­chaeological remains? How well there­fore do we now understand the burial en­vironment or the remains we are moni­toring? (This section will address the ter­restrial, coastal, and marine archaeologi­cal resource, and take account of factorswhich threaten archaeological stability,for example climate change, acid rain, andcoastal erosion.)

2. What have we learned about techniqueand good practice in mitigation, reburial,and monitoring? Does recent work ornew research inform our abilities torecognise significant change factors, oridentify marker materials?

3. How desirable have recent approaches,or recent preservation and mitigation de­cisions, been in the context of sustainabledevelopment, returning value to the lo­cal community, and evolving tourism andheritage policies? What guidance can wegive, therefore, to future research andplanning strategies? (This section willconsider such issues as contaminatedland, rown-field and urban regeneration,local and international tourism, country­side policy, and constraints that vary ac­cording to the affluence of an area.)

The Proceedings of the conference willbe published, and the language of the con­ference will be English. Proposals for pa­pers, with abstracts of less than 100 words,should be sent to: PARIS2, Museum of Lon­don Archaeology Service,87Queen VictoriaStreet, London EC4V 4AB (Fax:020.7410.2201; E-mail: fionam@molas.org.uk)by 15 January 2001.

• Late October-Early November 2001.TheMuseums Association of the Caribbean(MAC) will hold its forthcoming meeting inthe Turks & Caicos Islands, final dates arepending. The meeting will be hosted by theTurks & Caicos National Museum, whichwas established in 1990 and opened itsdoors in 1991. Since that time exhibits onthe Molasses Reef Wreck (ca. 1520),naturalhistory, local history, and prehistory havebeen developed. In 1997,a second buildingopened, housing conservation facilitiesandspace for research. For information on theMAC conference, contact Nigel Sadler, Di­rector, Turks & Caicos National Museum,P.O. Box 188, Grand Turk, Turks & CaicosIslands, BWI;Tel649.946.2160; For informa­tion about the Turks & Caicos NationalMuseum, visit the Web site.

Recent Publications

Martin Bell,Astrid Caseline, and HeikeNeumann

200o-Prehistoric Intertidal Archaeologyin the Welsh Severn Estuary. CBA ResearchReport 120. CBA Publications, York. ISBN1-872424-11-7, 440 pgs., 245 illustrations,CD-ROM, £36. Topurchase, contact: CBA,Bowes Morrell House, 111Walmgate, YorkY019WA, UK.

The Welsh Severn Estuary has perhapsthe greatest concentration of prehistoric in­tertidal archaeology yet found in Britain. AtGoldcliff, survey and excavations have ex­amined a Mesolithic site on the edge of aformer island, evidence of human skulldeposition in a wetland during the BronzeAge, a wooden structure made from planksof a sewn Bronze Age boat, and woodenstructures of Iron Age date, including eightrectangular buildings and eighteentrackways. The approach taken is interdis­ciplinary; the archaeological evidence iscomplemented by work on sediments, pol­len, wood, and insects. Along with surveyof the intertidal coast that revealed anothersettlement of rectangular buildings, thisevidence provides a new perspective on theprehistory of Wales and has helped in thedeveloping approaches to intertidal archae­ology that will be of interest to those work­ing in similar environments worldwide. Thetext is supported by a CD-ROM containingthe survey map base and associated data­bases and images.

ACUA Photo Competition

The ACUAinvites all SHA members to par­ticipate in the sixth annual ArchaeologicalPhoto FestivalCompetition. Entries must bereceived by 1 December 2001. Results of thejudging will be sent to all entrants by 31January 2002. Selected images will be dis­played at the SHA Conference on Histori­cal and Underwater Archaeology in Mobile,Alabama, 8-12 January 2002.Look for yourentry forms in upcoming conference mail­ings.

Calvin R. CummingsMemorial Fund

• Fund Purpose: Calvin R. Cummingsfounded the National Park Service's Sub­merged Cultural Resource Unit and was apioneer in underwater archeology and aninnovative leader in submerged culturalresource management both in and outsidethe National Park Service. Cal's professionalinterests and contributions were significantand diverse, and they included underwa­ter archaeology, cultural resource manage-

ment, program development, scientific ap­proaches to cultural resource management,and communicating the importance of pre­serving the past to the public.

This fund is being established with do­nated funds to commemorate and honorthe legacy of Calvin R. Cummings by pro­viding seed money for research projects andencouraging innovation in one or more ofthe fields to which Cal devoted his profes­sional career.

• Endowment: The Calvin R. CummingsMemorial Fund will be established as anendowment at the National Park Founda­tion (NPF). Submittal of a signed Fund Es­tablishment Document, along with the firstdonation, will formalize the establishmentof the Calvin R. Cummings Memorial Fundand provide specific detail on how it willbe invested and managed.

Advisory Board: It is NPF's understandingthat the donor will establish an advisoryboard, titled the Calvin R. Cummings Me­morial Fund Advisory Board (AdvisoryBoard), to advise the Foundation on the se­lection and awarding of grants supportedwith income from the Calvin R. CummingsMemorial Fund. The NPF will work closelywith the Advisory Board in all aspects of thegrant review and selection process. Thedonor understands that the Board serves inan advisory role only. NPF understands thatthe responsibility for composition and man­agement of the Advisory Board's activities,and any expenses associated with such ac­tivity, rest with, and are the responsibilityof, the Advisory Board.NPF understands that the Calvin R.Cummings Memorial Fund Advisory Boardwill consist of three people, including LindaScott Cummings, Larry Murphy, and DavidConlin.

• Grant Review and Selection: Workingwith the advice and assistance of the CalvinR. Cummings Advisory Board, NPF willsolicit proposals annually from those work­ing in the fields of underwater archeology,cultural resource management and pro­gram development, and the communica­tion of cultural resource issues. Nonprofitorganizations, the National Park Service,universities, for-profit companies, or indi­viduals working in these fields may submitproposals. NPF will collaborate with theCalvin R. Cummings Advisory Board ingrant review and evaluation on an annualbasis or such time period as requested bythe Advisory Board.

Alldonations are tax deductible. Pleasemake checks out to: NPF-Calvin R.Cummings Memorial Fund and send themto: WilkeNelson, National Park Foundation,1101 17th St. N\Y,Suite 1102, Washington,DC 20036.

People You Should Know(Please note that officers, directors,and committeeassignments for 2001 carry through the SHA business meeting of the 2002 Conferencein Mobile)

OFFICERS OF SHA

PresidentDouglasV. Armstrong,Department ofAnthro­pology,209MaxwellHall,SyracuseUniversity,Syracuse,NY13244-1200; Tel 315.443.24D5; Fax315.443.4860;E-maildarrnstrong@maxwell.syr:edu

President-ElectVergil E. Noble, MWAClUSDI-NPS, FederalBuilding/Rm474, 100Centennial MallNorth,Lincoln, NE; Tel 402.437.5392xl08; Fax402.437.5098; E-mailvergil_noble@nps.gov

Immediate Past PresidentSusanL. Henry Renaud, 113E.Raymond Ave.,Alexandria, VA 22301; TeWax 703.549.9057;E-mailsnjren@gateway.net

Secretary-Ireasurer (2000-2002)Stephanie H. Rodeffer, P.O. Box31994 TucsonAZ 85751-1994; Tel 520.670.6501 x252; Fax520.886.0182; E-mailtetrodeffer@nps.gov

Editor (1998-2001)RonaldL.Michael,AnthropologySection,Cali­fornia Universityof Pennsylvania,250Univer­sity Avenue, California, PA 15419; Tel724.938.4045 (univ.), 724.438.9348 (SHA); Fax724.438.9348; E-mailsha_editor@cup.edu

Newsletter Editor (1998-2001)NormanE Barka,Department ofAnthropology,College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795,Williamsburg, VA 23187; Tel 757.221.1059; Fax757221.1066; E-mailnfbark@wm.edu

Chair, Advisory Council on Underwater Ar­chaeology (1999-2002)Toni L. Carrell, Ships of Discovery, CorpusChristiMuseum, 1900N. Chaparral St, CorpusChristi, TX 78401; Tel 512.883.2863; Fax512.884.7392;E-mailtlcarrell@shipsofdiscovery.org

DIRECTORSOF SHA

1999-2001Lu Ann De Cunzo, Department ofAnthropol­ogy,UniversityofDelaware,Newark,DE19716;Tel 302.831.1854; Fax302.831.4002;E-maildecunzo@udel.edu

LarryMcKee,TRCGarrow Associates, Inc.,1865Air Lane Dr, Suite 9, Nashville, TN 37210; Tel615.884.4430; Fax 615.884.4431; mobile615.482.7378;E-mailmckeetrc@mindspring.com

2000-2002WilliamMoss, Design et Patrimoine, Ville deQuebec, CP 700Haute-ville,Quebec, PQ GIR459; Tel 418.691.6869; Fax418.691.7853;E-mail wmoss@ville.quebec.qc.ca orwmoss@oricom.ca

Diana Wall, Department ofAnthropology,CityCollege of New York, l300th S1. and ConventAve., New York, NY10031; Tel 212.650.7361; Fax212.650.6607; E-mailddizw@aoLcom

2001-2003Judith A. Bense, UWF Archaeology Institute,11000 University Pkwy Bldg80,Pensacola,FL;Tel 904.474.3015; Fax904.474.2764;E-mailjbense@ai.uwf.edu

Michael Polk, Sagebush Consultants, L.L.c.,3670 Quincy AveSuite 203,Ogden, UT84403­1977; Tel 801.394.0013; Fax801.394.0032;E-mailsageb@aoLcom

COMMITfEES ANDREPRESENTATIVES OF SHA

Standing Committees

AdvisoryCouncilon UnderwaterArchaeology*ToniL. Carrell (Chair, 1999-2002)ACUA Board: Chris Arner (1998-2001), LarryBabits (1998-2001), John Broadwater (2000­2003),Anne Giesecke (2000-2003), MargaretLeshikar-Denton (2001-2004), Pilar LunaErreguerena (2000-2003), Bob Neyland (ViceChair,1998-2001),Mark Staniforth(2001-2004),BettySeifert(1999-2002), BrianWilliams(1999­2002), Robyn Woodard (Secretary,2001-2004),George Fisher (Treasurer, Ex Officio), PaulJohnston (ExOfficio), RobertGrenier (ExOffi­cio).ACUAAssociateMembers: [ohnathan Adams(2000-2003), Raymond L. Hayes (2000-2001),Martin Klein (2000-2001), Michael Pomeroy(2000-2003), Ian Oxley (2000-2001), Eric Reith(2000-2003).*ACUA Board Membership begins on 1Janu­ary and ends on 31Decemberofyearsindicated.

Budget CommitteeStephanie H. Rodeffer (Chair, 2000-2002)Members: Douglas V. Armstrong, Norman EBarka,LarryMcKee, Ronald L. Michael,VergilNoble, Susan L. Henry Renaud

Editorial Advisory CommitteeRonald L. Michael(Chair, 1998-2000)Members: RebeccaS.Allen,JamesE.Ayres,JanBaart, David V. Burley, Julia G. Costello,Susannah L. Dean, Charles Ewen, Glenn J.Farris, Patricia Fournier, Donald L. Hardesty,Matthew H. Johnson, Julia A. King,Denise C.Lakey, Susan Lawrence, Teresita Majewski,Bonnie G. McEwan, Vergil E. Noble, GilbertPwiti, Daniel G. Roberts, Robert L. Schuyler,Donna J. Seifert, Roderick Sprague, Judy D.Tordoff, Sarah Peabody Turnbaugh, WilliamA.Turnbaugh, Gregory A. Waselkov, Lou AnnWurst

SHA DissertationPrize Subcommittee:TeresitaMajewski (Chair, 2001-2002); Members: James

E. Ayres, David V. Burley, Robert A. Clouse,Matthew H. Johnson, Margaret Purser,TeresitaMajewski,Newsletter Editorial Advisory CommitteeNorman EBarka (Chair, 1998-2001)Members: ToniL.Carrell,KarlisKarklins,LesterRoss

Conference CommitteeBarbara Avery Garrow and PatrickC. Garrow(Co-Chairs and Conference Co-Coordinators,1999-2001), TRCGarrow Associates, Inc, 3mPleasantdale Rd.,Suite 200,Atlanta,GA30340­4214; Tel 770.270.1192; Fax770.270.1392;E-mailhgarrow@worldne1.att.net orbgarrow@trccos.com (Barbara),pgarrow@trccos.com orgarrow@mindspring.com (Patrick)Members: Lawrence E. Babits (SHA ExhibitsCoordinator), Pierre Beaudet, Laurel Breece,Deborah Cox,Marlesa A. Gray,Paul Hundley,Joseph W Joseph ill, William B. Lees, Sara EMascia (SHAEmployment Coordinator), KimA. McBride and Stephen McBride(SHACon­tinuing Education Co-Coordinators), WilliamMoss, Sue Mullins-Moore, Vergil E. Noble,Michael Polk, Mary Praetzellis, AdrianPraetzellis, RobertL.Schuyler,ShellSmith,Gre­gory A. Waselkov

Nominations and Elections CommitteeSusan L. Henry Renaud (Chair, 2001)Members: Marlesa A. Gray,Elizabeth Kellar, J.W (Joe) Joseph, Douglas Scott

PRESIDENTIAL COMMITfEES

Academic and Professional Training Commit­tee (*Indicatesa member of the Student Sub­committee)

Marlesa A. Gray,Gray & Pape, Inc.,1318MainStreet, Cincinnati OH 45210-2314; Tel513.287.7700; Fax 513.287.7703; E-mailmgray@graypape.com(Chair, 1999-2001)Timothy Scarlett", E-mailscarlett@xmission.com (Chair, Student Sub­committee,1999-2002),355WestSOO North, SaltLake City, UT 84102; Tel 801.556.9204; E-mailscarlett@xmission.comMembers: Robert A. Clouse, Pamela Cressey,Robert Cromwell", James c. Garman (SHAHealth and Safety Coordinator), Elizabeth J.Kellar, Mechelle Kerns-Nocerito", David B.Landon, WilliamB.Lees,TeresitaMajewski,SaraEMascia (SHAEmployment Coordinator),KimA. Mcbride, Kimberly Monk*, ElizabethNorris", Doug Pippin, Michael Polk,MargaretS. Purser, Susan L. Henry Renaud, AdrienneRoberts*,Doug1asD.Scott,GeorgeS.Smith,TunTumberg*,DonnaL. 'Iumipseed.MarkWarner,Kathleen Wheeler

SHA StudentPaper Prize Subcommittee: SaraEMascia(Chair, 2000-2002); Members: Doreen

Cooper. Patricia Fournier, Teresita Majewski,Vergil Noble,SarahPeabodyTurnbaugh,MarkWarnerAwards Committee: Robert L. Schuyler (Co­Chan;1997-2000, Co-Chair2001), UniversityofPennsylvaniaMuseurn,33rdand SpruceStreets,Philadelphia, PA19104-6324; Tel 215.898.6%5;Fax215.898.0657;E-mailschuyler@sas.upenn.eduMary Beaudry (Co-Chair 2001, Chair 2002­2004),BostonU.DeptofArchaeology,675Com­monwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215-1406; Tel617.353.3415; Fax617.353.6800;E-mailbeaudry@bu.eduMembers: Pamela J. Cressey, Glenn J. Farris,Teresita Majewski,Henry M. MilleI; Donna J.Seifert

Business OfficeOversight CommitteeLarry McKee (Chan; 1999-2001)Members: DouglasArmstrong,MarlesaA Gray,Vergil Noble,TeresitaMajewski, SusanL. HenryRenaud, DouglasD. Scott

Curation,Conservation,and CollectionsMan­agement CommitteeRobert C. Sonderman (Chan; 2000--2002), 5168th St. NE, Washington, DC 20002; Tel301.344.3523; Fax 301.344.3033; E-mailbob_sonderman@nps.govMembers: LysbethB.Acuff, J.BartoArnold Ill,CharlesD.Cheek,EdwardB.Jelks,JuliaA King,Judith A.Logan,HenryM.Millet; Stephanie H.Rodeffer, MichaelK Irimble, Usa Young

Development CommitteeMarlesaA.Gray (Chain 1999-2001)Members: Douglas V. Armstrong, Norman RBarka, Judith Bense, William Kelso, TeresitaMajewski, Vergil Noble, Ronald L. Michael,SusanL.HenryRenaud, StephanieH.Rodeffer

Gender and Minority Affairs CommitteeBonnie C. Ryan (Co-Chair, 1999-2001), 109Ackerman Ave., Syracuse, NY 13210; Tel315.443.4674; Fax315.443.9510;E-mailbcryan@library.syr.eduKathleen Wheeler (Co-Chan; 1999-2001),97Morning St.,Portsmouth, NH 03901-4149; Tel603.431.8397; E-mailkwheeler@icinetMembers: Anna Agbe-Davies, Julia Costello,Robert Cromwell, Hadley Kruczek-Aaron,CherylLaRoche,ImogeneL.Lim, EllenMarlatt,DanielMouenPaulaSaunders, SamR.Spiers

Governmental Affairs CommitteeJudith Bense(Chan; 2001-2003)Members: DouglasV. Armstrong, ChristopherR Amen Sarah I Bridges, Shelly Davis-King,Anne G.Giesecke, JuliaA.King,SusanLangley,JohnP.McCarthy,WilliamMoss,SusanL.HenryRenaud,DonnaJ.Seifert,RobertC.Sonderman,John H. Sprinkle,Jr., Diana Wall

History CommitteeEdward B.Jelks(Chan; 1999-2001), 605NorthSchool St., Normal, IL 61761; Tel/Fax309.452.1223; E-mailebjelks@mail.ilstu.eduMembers: Rebecca S.Allen,RonaldL.Michael,RandallMoil; Daniel G. Roberts,Stephanie H.

Rodeffer, Robert L. Schuyler, Robert C.Sonderman, RoderickSprague, Richard Veit

Inter-Society Relations CommitteeChain Inter-Society Relations Committee,

LuAnn DeCunzoInter-SocietyRelations African-AmericanArchae­ologyNetwork,JamieC.BrandonAlaskaAnthropologicalAssociation,Robin0. MillsAmerican Academy of UnderwaterSciences,

SheliO.SmithAmerican Anthropological Association,

Russell SkowronekAmericanAssociation forStateand Local History,Anne Wainstein BondAmerican Association ofMuseums,

AnneWainstein BondAmerican CulturalResources Association,

Michael R.PolkAmerican Historical Association,

MelburnD.ThurmanAmerican InstituteforConservation, LisaYoungArchaeological InstituteofAmerica,

Elizabeth S.PenaAssociation forGravestone Studies,

Elizabeth A.CrowellAssociation for Historical Archaeology of the Pa­cific Northwest,openAustralasianSocietyforHistoricalArchaeology,openCanadianArchaeological Organizations,

William MossConfederate NavalHistorySociety, openCouncil forNortheastHistorical Archaeology,

LuAnnDeCunzoCouncil ofEducators in Landscape Architecture,

ShereneBaugherCouncil on America's Military Past-USA,

Roderick SpragueEuropeanAssociation ofArchaeologists, openFederal Preservation Forum,Rolla LeeQueenInternational Council forArchaeozoology,

Elizabeth]. ReitzIrishPost-Medieval Archaeology Group,

AudreyHorningMarineTechnology Society, MartinKleinMiddleAtlantic Archaeological Conference,

Silas HurryMiningHistoryAssociation, openNationalCouncil for the Social Studies,

'laraTetraultNationalCouncil on Public History,

JohnH. Sprinkle, Jr.National'IrustforHistoric Preservation,

DonnaJ. SeifertNauticalArchaeologySociety(GreatBritain),openNorthAmericanSocietyforOceanicHistory,openOmohundro Instituteof EarlyAmerican Historyand Culture,MaryEllinD'AgostinoOrganization ofAmerican Historians, openPlains Anthropological Society, William B.LeesRecreational ScubaIraining Council,

SheliO.SmithSociety forAfricanist Archaeologists,

ChristopherDeCorseSocietyforAmericanArchaeology, RobertClouseSociety forArchaeological Sciences, openSociety forCalifornia Archaeology, ScottBaxterSocietyforHawaiianArchaeology,AnneGarlandSociety forIndustrial Archaeology,

Patrick E.Martin

Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology,NormanRBarka

SoutheasternArchaeological Conference,Rochelle Marrinan

Vernacular Architecture Forum,Geoffrey M.Gyrisco

Western HistoryAssociation,DonaldL.HardestyWorld Archaeological Congress,

JohnH Jameson, Jr.

Long Range Planning CommitteeDouglas D. Scott (Chan; 1999-2000, Co-Chair2001),WilliamMoss(Co-Chair2001,Chair2002­2003)Members: Douglas V. Armstrong, Lu Ann DeCunzo, LarryMcKee,Teresita Majewski,SusanL. Henry Renaud, Stephanie H. Rodeffer

Membership CommitteeRobert A. Clouse (Chan;2000--2002), 514939thAve. So., Minneapolis, MN 55417; Tel612.970.2843; Fax612.725.2429;Emailrobert.douse@mnhs.orgMembers: Christopher R. DeCorse, TeresitaMajewski,William Moss,StacySchneyder

ParliamentarianRoderickSprague

Procedures Manual RevisionWorking GroupLarryMcKee (Coordinator 1999-2001)Members: Marlesa A. Gray, Larry McKee,Teresita Majewski, Susan L. Henry Renaud,Douglas D.Scott

Public Educationand Information CommitteeDiana Wall(Chan; 2000-2002)Members: Kathryn Bequette, David I Clark,John Clauser, Pamela J. Cressey, Lu Ann DeCunzo, Linda Derry, Rita Elliot, James Gibb,John H. Jameson, Jr., Robert W Keeler, CarolMcDavid,John Peterson,BonnieRyan,DonnaTurnipseed,Mark Wilde-Ramsing

Register of Professional Archaeologists Rep­resentativeRobertA. Clouse (2000--2002)

Resolutions Committee (2001)WilliamMoss,Diana Wall

Standards and Ethics CommitteeHenryM.Miller(ChaiJ; 2000--2002), HistoricSt.Mary's City, P.O. Box 39,St. Mary's City, MD20686; Tel 301.862.0976; Fax301.862.0968;E-mailhmmiller@smcm.eduMembers: Judy Birmingham, Nick Brannon,ToniL. Carrell,RobertA.Clouse(SHARegisterofProfessionalArchaeologists Representative),Pamela Cressey, Pilar Luna Erreguerena,Raymond Hayes, Edward B. Jelks, Terry H.Klein,William B.Lees,PatrickE.Martin,SusanHenry Renaud, Douglas D. Scott,Theresa A.Singleton

UNESCO CommitteeChair: Susan L. Henry Renaud (Chait 1999­2001)Members: Douglas Armstrong, Christopher RAmenLawrence E.Babits, Judith Bense,

John D. Broadwater, Toni L. Carrell (SHAUNESCO Representative), Pamela J. Cressey,Christopher R. DeCorse, Anne Giesecke,PaulJohnston, Julia A. King, Margaret Leshikar­Denton, Pilar Luna Erreguerena, TeresitaMajewski,Vic Mastone, Henry M. Miller; Rob­ert Neyland,Matthew Russell, DouglasD.Scott/BettySeifert,RobertC. Sonderman, MichaelKTrimble, BrianWilliams

NEWSLETfER TOPICALCOORDINATORS

Employment OpportunitiesSaraE Mascia, SHAEmployment CenterPO Box442/ 'Iarrytown, NY10591Phone and fax914.762.0mSasamascia@aol.com

ArchaeologicalConservation ForumOpen - Send news to Newsletter Editor

Current PublicationVergil E.Noble,Midwest ArcheologicalCenter;NPS/ FederalBuilding,Room 474Lincoln/ NE 68508Phone 402.437.5392 ext 108/ fax402.437.5098/Email: vergil_noble@nps.gov

Urban Archaeology ForumTerryH. Klein, DRS GreinerArchaeologyand HistoricArchitectureGroup561 Cedar Lane, FlorenceNJ 08518Phone 609.499.3447/ fax609.499.3516Email: terry_klein@urscorp.com

Public Education and InformationCommitteeJames G.Gibb,2554 Carrollton RoadAnnapolis,MD 21403Email: Jggibb@erols.com

TeachingHistorical ArchaeologyMarlesaA.Gray; Gray and Pape, Inc.1318 Main se. Cincinnati,OH 45210Phone 513.287.7700, fax513.287.7703Email: mgray@graypape.com

NEWSLETfER CURRENTRESEARCHCOORDINATORS

Northeast (Connecticut,Maine,Massachu­setts/New Hampshire, New York, RhodeIsland, Vermont)David StarbuckPO Box147FortEdward, NY12828Phone 518.747.2926/ Fax518.747.4644

Mid-Atlantic (Delaware,District of Columbia,Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,VIrginia, WestVirginia)Ben Resnick, ArchaeologyManagerGAlConsultants, INC.570BeattyRd.Monroeville, PA15146Email: b.resnick@giaconsultants.com

Southeast(Alabama, Florida, Georgia Kentucky,North Carolina,South Carolina,Tennessee).

AlfredWoods,Florida Museum of NaturalHistoryPO Box117800Gainesville, Florida32611Phone 352.392.3698/ fax 352.392.3698Email:alwoods@flmnh@ufl.edu

Gulf States (Arkansas,Louisiana,Mississippi,Oklahoma, Texas).Kathleen H CandeArkansas Archaeological Survey;SponsoredResearchProgramsPO Box1249/ Fayetteville, AR

Midwest (lllinois, Indiana/ MichiganMinnesota, Ohio, WISCOnsin)Dean Anderson, Michigan HistoricalCenter717W AlleganLansing,MI 48918Phone 517.373.1618/ fax517.373.0851Email:denna@sosmail.state.mi.us

Central Plains (Iowa,Kansas,Missouri,Nebraska)WilliamJ.Hunt, JI:National ParkServiceFederal Building,Room 474Lincoln/NE 68598Phone 402.437.5392/ X111; fax402.437.5098Email:bill_hunt@nps.govt

Northern Plains & Mountain States(Colorado,Montana, North Dakota,SouthDakota,Wyoming)Steven G. BakerCenturies Research,Inc.POBox 1603Montrose, CO 81402Phone 303.249.2283

PacificNorthwest (Idaho, Oregon, Washing­ton)Lester Ross833Echo Hollow RoadEugene, OR 97402Email:lross@bigfoot.com

AlaskaKarlene LeeperPhone 907.552.7193Emailat workkarlene.leeper@elmendorf.af.milEmail athome:kbleeper@mci.net

PacificWest (California, Hawaii/ Nevada)Sannie K OsbornCorps of Engineers1325J.se. Room 1320Sacramento,CA 95814Phone 916.557.6714; Fax801.394.0032Email:sosborn@spk.usace.army.mil

Southwest (Arizona,New Mexico, Utah)MichaelPolkSagebrush Consultants3670Quincy Ave. Suite 203Ogden, UT 84403-1977Phone 801.394.0013; Fax801. 394.0032

Canada-Atlantic (New Brunswick,New­foundland/ Nova Scotia/PrinceEdwardIsland)Robert FergusonParks Canada, HistoricPropertiesHalifax/Nova ScotiaB3J 1S9Phone 902.246.9509Email:rob_ferguson@pch.gc.ca

Canada-QuebecReginald AugerCELAl; Facu1te des LettresUniversite LavalQuebec, QC G1KCanadaPhone 418.656.2952; fax418.656.5727Email:reginald.auger@celat.ulaval.ca

Canada-OntarioJon K [ouppienRR#1/ St.CatherinesOntario L2R6P9CanadaPhone and fax905.684.7986Email:jouppienat Niagara.@com

Canada-Prairie (Manitoba,NorthwestTerritories, Saskatchewan, YukonTerritories)Open - Send news to Newsletter Editor

Canada-Western (Alberta/ BritishColumbia)Rod J.HeitzmannParks Canada, 550/220-4 Ave.SECalgary/AlbertaTZG4X3CanadaPhone 403.292.4994; fax403.221.7991Email:rod_heitzmann@pch.gc.ca

Mexico,Central & South AmericaJan Gasco3722E.6th StreetLong Beach,CA 90814Phone 310.439.5361Email:jgasco@aol.com

Caribbean/BermudaOpen - Send news to Newsletter Editor

AustralasiaOpen - Send news to Newsletter Editor

EuropePaul Courtney

AfricaKenneth KellyDepartment of AnthropologyUniversity ofSouth CarolinaColumbia, SC 29208Phone 803.777.2616Email:kgkelly@garnet.cla.sc.edu

Underwater (Worldwide)ToniL. CarrellShips of DiscoveryCorpus Christi Museum1900N. Chaparral StreetCorpus Christi,TX78401Phone 361.883.2863; fax361.884.7392Email:tlcarrell@shipsofdiscovery.org

SOCIETY forHISTORICALARCHAEOLOGYPO BOX 30446TUCSON, AZ 85751-0446 USA

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PAIDSociety forHistorical

Archaeology

ISSN:0037·9735

THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWSLETTER

Please note the upcoming deadlines for submission of news

for the next issue of the SHA Newsletter

ISSUE

Summer 2001Fall 2001

Winter 2001

DEADLINE

13 April 2001

15 August 200117 October 2001

Members are urged to send any news relating to historical archaeology

to appropriate SHA Newsletter Coordinatorswell before the deadlines listed above.

SHA Business Office

P.O. Box 30446, Tucson, AZ 85751

Tel: 520.886.8006; Fax: 520.886.0182

E-mail: sha@azstarnet.com

Web site: http://www.sha.org

SHA 2002 ConferenceMobile, Alabama

9-12 January

See Page 4 in this issue.