Abdel-Raouf, H., 496 Abel, A., 49 Adolfs, R., 582 Affeldt, E.E., 166, 657 Agatonovic, P., 787 Aghion, E., 634 Ainabekov, A.I., 853 Akiniwa, Y., 124, 576 Aktaa, J., 721 Alvarez-Armas, I., 275 Archbold, T., 118 Armas, A.E, 275 Asada, Y., 210, 424 Azodi, D., 678

Bachmann, P., 678 Baggerly, R.G., 118 Bairrao, R., 381 Balabekov, O.S., 853 Belhedi, B., 430 Beretta, S., 479 Bergmann, J.w., 262, 763 Berkelis, R., 607 Bicego, V., 739 Bigeon, c., 70 Blom, A.E, 453 Bollinger, E., 841 Bornas, H., 362 Braasch, H., 442 Brandt, D., 262 BrUckner-Foit, A., 829 Brunne, W.C., 835 Brutti, C., 671

Cacko, J., 651 Cai, Q.K., 148 Calderon, H.A., 160 Carmine, R., 325 Chan, S.w.K., 683

871

INDEX OF CONTRffiUTORS

Chausov, N.G., 859 Chen, H., 293, 298 Chen, W., 293, 298 Chemiavsky, A.O., 31 Chiarelli, M., 564 Christ, H.-J., 56, 100, 106 Coffin, L.E, 112

Dai, Y., 594 Daunys, M., 607, 847 Davoli, P., 479 Degallaix, G., 76 Degallaix, S., 76, 841 Delobelle, P., 430 Del Puglia, A., 811 deMestral, B., 192 Detert, K., 582 Domes, B., 664 Domer, W., 1 Dragunov, Y.G., 805 Dressler, K., 325 Dudziriski, w., 142 Dziubinski, J., 154, 835

Eggeler, G., 192 Eggers, U., 405 Eifler, D., 180 Ellyin, E, 387

Fischer, ED., 186 Floge, H., 166 Foct, J., 70 Frediani, A., 564 Fuchs, EA., 418 Fujimitsu, T., 757 Fujita, N., 88, 229 Fukushima, Y., 576

Galicki, J., 331

Galland, J., 627 Gauzzi, F., 671 Getmanchuk, A.v., 805 Ghonem, H., 545 Giginyak, F.F., 805 Giglio, M., 349 Gokhfeld, D.A., 31 Goldschmidt, D., 1 Goodman, A.M., 343 Granacher, J., 235 Gregory, J.K., 588 Guedou, J.Y., 198

Habashi, M., 627 Hajek, M., 43 Hales, R., 343 Hall, R.F., 552 Hallstein, R., 180 Harada, S., 124, 576 Hatanaka, K., 757 Hawkyard, M., 552 Helesic, J., 172 Hellmann, D., 521 Henderson, PJ., 689 Hessler, U., 664 Heuler, P., 763 Hjelm, H.E., 465 Hoffmann, G., 106 Hongoh, M., 594 Honnorat, Y., 198 Hoshide, T., 356 Huang, Y.H., 570 Hyder, M.J., 112

Iida, K., 490 lino, Y., 781 lio, S., 533 Imai, T., 539 Inoue, T., 356 Ishii, A., 751 Ivanova, S., 769

Jakowluk, A., 331 Jensrud, 0., 865 Jermolaj, W., 375 Jiao, F., 293, 298 Josefson, B.L., 465 Juul Jensen, D., 160

872

Kaguchi, H., 88, 229 Kaleta, J., 142, 459, 473 Kaneko, H., 88, 229 Karamara, A., 130 Karayaka, M., 13 Kitagawa, M., 527, 775 Kitamura, T., 533 KlingelhOffer, H., 639 Kocanda, S., 485 Komai, K., 621 Komotori, J., 136 Kong, B.O., 216 Konig, G.W., 166,657 Kosarchuk, V., 448 Kostorz, G., 160 Kottgen, V.B., 644 Krajczyk, A., 269 Kriiger, W., 325 Kubo, K., 242 KUhn, H.-J., 248, 369 Kullig, E., 829 Kyseth, R., 865

Labidi, M., 627 Lachmann, E., 613 Lades, K., 100 Lamber, T., 823 Lebedev, A.A., 805, 859 Ledworuski, S., 248 Levin, 0., 769 Lezhnev, S.V., 31 Lin, C.-K. J., 25 Lin, H., 311 Lin, Y., 49 Lindblom, J., 689 Linde, L., 689 Liskutin, P., 502 Liu, C.S., 148 LOhe, D., 180 Lohrmann, M., 362 Lowisch, G., 362 Lucchesi, M., 564

Macherauch, E., 180 Maciulevichius, J., 847 Makhutov, N., 769 Maldfeld, E., 418 Marchand, N.J., 594 Marchionni, M., 7

Marissen, R, 317 Mathiak, F.U., 418 Maurer, K.L., 186 Mayr, P., 362 Meersmann, J., 248 Melnikov, S., 448 Merk, N., 192 Meyer-Olbersleben, F., 1, 281 Miki, T., 621 Minoshima, K., 621 Missori, S., 671 Molaba, A, 634 Mughrabi, H., 56, 100 Munz, D., 304

Nakamura, T., 210, 424 Nakazawa, T., 88, 229 Nam, S.w., 216 Naseband, K., 369 Nayeb-Hashemi, H., 311 Nikbin, K.M., 558 Nohmi, S., 539 Nonaka, I., 527 Nowack, H., 317, 418 Nowak, B., 657 Nurtjahjo, A, 317

Obrtllk, K., 43 Ochi, Y., 751 Ogaki, T., 356 Ogle, M.H., 683 Oh, Y.J., 216 Ohdachi, I., 751 Ohmori, J., 757 Ohnami, M., 337 Ohtani, R, 533 Okamoto, Y., 210 Okazaki, M., 539 Okrajni, J., 823 Olfe, J., 222 Ornata, I., 775 Onofrio, G., 7 Ott, W., 317, 418 Ottinger, 0., 106

Perzyk, M.A., 436 Petersen, C., 275 Pietrzak, K., 130 Pineau, A, 82, 178

873

Piotrowski, A, 473 Pisarenko, G.S., 859 Plaza, M., 823 Plumtree, A, 399, 496 Pluvinage, G., 287 Polak, J., 43, 172, 502 Powell, B.E., 552 Pratesi, E, 811 Pulkki,J.,745 PuSkar, A., 799

Ragazzoni, S., 739 Ramteke, AL., 281 Remmerswaal, J., 37 Remy, L., 204 Rezai-Aria, E, 1, 281 Rie, K.-T., 222, 514, 639 Riesch-Oppermann, H., 829 Robin, C., 287 Rosenberger, A.H., 545 Roven, H.I., 865 Rybaczuk, M., 733

Sadakov, O.S., 31 Sakane, M., 337 Sakon, T., 229 Sandstrom, R., 689 Sasaki, S.K., 751 Schinke, B., 304, 721 Schmitt, J., 94 Schmitt-Thomas, Kh.-G., 94 Scholz, A, 235 SchOn, M., 644 Schubert, R, 514 Schwalbe, K.-H., 521 Schwesig, M., 411 Seddouki, A, 76 Seeger, T., 644 Sehitoglu, H., 13 Shen, G., 399 Shi, H.J., 287 Shimizu, M., 136 Shimomizuki, K., 337 Shirahuji, N., 337 Shvetsov, A.G., 31 Siegmund, Th., 186 Skallerud, B., 453 Socie, D.E, 25 Solin, J., 745

Sonoya, K., 775 Sonsino, C.M., 262 Specht, J.U., 19 Stein, G., 70 Suen, GJ., 570 Sukhenko, Yeo P., 853

Tada, N., 533 Timofeev, B.T., 805 Tirpitz, E.-R., 411 Titov, V.F., 805 Tomaszek, R., 485 Topper, T.R., 496 Trautmann, K.-R., 317, 418 Tricoteaux, A., 841 Tung, X. Y., 727 Tvrdy, M., 627

Ueda, R., 88, 229 Ueda, T., 124

Vasek, A., 502 Vasseur, E., 204 Vejvoda, S., 817 Vergani, L., 349 Viswanathan, R., 695 Vogel, P., 160 Vogt, I.-B., 70 Vo1k1, L., 100 Vormwald, M., 763

874

Vrbka, I., 43

Wagner, L., 588 Wahi, R.P., 293, 298 Wang, DJ., 601, 793 Wang, W.M., 570 Weiss, J., 82 Wever, R., 293, 298 Widanka, K, 142 Windelband, B., 304 Winkler, T., 829 Wittke, R., 514 Wnuk, M.P., 508 Wolf, K, 160 Woodford, D.A., 112 Wu, S., 49

Xie, J.Z., 256 Xie, L.Y., 793 Xu, R., 148, 570, 601, 793

Yagi, K, 242 Yaguchi, M., 210 Yang, R.R., 601 Yang, QX, 727

Zhu, J., 298 Ziebs, J., 248, 369 Zietek, G., 459 Zonfrillo, G., 811 Zuchowski, R., 269

875

Subject Index

ABAQUS finite element code, 468 ACPD (AC Potential Drop) measurement

system, 596, 599 ADINA finite element code, 678 Aircraft structural components, fatigue

life, 485 Alloy 7 I 8, elastic-plastic small crack

growth,545 Alloy 800H, high-temperature fatigue, 401 Alumina

fatigue behaviour, 25 at high temperatures, 28 at room temperature, 26

Aluminium alloys age-hardening, 582, 589 Al 2024, 52 I, 588 AI2024-T351,497 Al 7475-T7, 457 Al 7475-T7351, 317 AL 55007, 444 AL 55009,444 AL 55011,444 AIMgSi,375 AIZnMgCu, 582 anisotropic AI-6061-T6 rods, 311 AS5U3,430 biaxial loading, 3 17 C5064,866 C5072,866 cyclic plastic deformation, 865 cyclic stress-strain curves, 100, 3 I I, 865,

867 cyclic thermoviscoplasticity, 430 fatigue-life prediction, 3 I I, 3 I 7 incremental step test curve, 453 low-cycle fatigue, 865 microstructure, 100 plastic deformation, 865 rapidly solidified, 865 silicon carbide particulate reinforced

2xxx-T4, 13 under biaxial loadings, 3 I I

Aluminium alloys--contd under isothermal and anisothermal

loading, 430 V95T1,771

A u to frettage effect on fatigue life, 644 effect on residual stresses, 644 optimal pressure, 648

Backstress effect in fatigue damage and lifetime prediction model, 721

Basquin law, 813 Bauschinger effect, 645, 835 Bauschinger factor, 631 Biaxial loading

anisotropic AI-6061 -T6 rods, 3 I I creep relaxation, 343 dynamic creep behaviour, 375 fatigue crack initiation, 3 17 fatigue damage, 356 thermal fatigue in, 331

Boiler feedwater, low-cycle fatigue behaviour of turbine steels, 613

Boiler header, thermal fatigue cracking at boreholes of, 709

a-Brass cyclic stress-strain response, 106 elastic-plastic model, 459 planar slip, 109

Carbide-induced embrittlement, 705 Carbon steel, elastic-plastic model, 459 Carbon-fibre reinforced plastics

failure mechanisms, 621 fracture surfaces, 621 influence of water absorption, 621 under combined tensile and torsional

stress, 621 Cast iron

mechanical properties, 130 microstructure, 130

Cast steel, low-cycle fatigue, 745

876

Cavitation, constrained and unconstrained diffusive, 225

Cavitation erosion, influence on rupture strength, 855

Cavitational wear, influence on static strength and elongation, 853

Cavity growth comparison of models, 225 Hull-Rimmers model, 224 in creep-fatigue interaction, 223

Cavity nucleation healing under compressive stress, 223 in creep-fatigue interaction, 223

Cavity spacing in creep-fatigue interaction, 223

Cell size distribution and dislocation interaction, 516

Cemented carbides, low-cycle fatigue of WC-Co,43

Ceramics under static and cyclic loading, 25

Charpy FA TT values, 706 Coating behaviour, effect of thermal cycles

on, 701 Cobalt-base super alloy Mar M509, TTSS

history, 281 Coffin-Manson coefficient, 675 Coffin-Manson equation, 675, 749 Coffin-Manson-Basquin equation, 749 Compact tension (CT) analysis, 679 Constitutive equations, 388

Cr-Mo steel, 424 cyclic damage evolution, 399 damage mechanics, 793 elasto-plastic cyclic behaviour of

structural materials, 448 elasto-plastic material, 418 glass-fibre reinforced polyamides, 47'),

482 high deformations, 419 high-temperature fatigue, 424 integration into FEM code, 419 microstructure, 405 moderate plastic deformation, 421 stainless steel type 304, 424 unified inelastic, 424

Constitutive models, 389 elasto-plastic deformation of grey cast

iron, 465 Continuum damage mechanics (CDM),

82 Copper

cyclic hardening curve, 58 cyclic stress-strain response, 106

Copper--contd. deformation behaviour and

microstructure, 515 dislocation arrangements, 59, 60, 62 dynamics of cyclic plastic straining in

crystals, 172 electrolyte polycrystal, 393 fatigue test procedure and results, 358 hysteresis loops, 61 PSB-induced cracks, 59 stress-strain path, 64 wavy slip, 108

Corrosion fatigue, turbine steels in boiler feedwater, 613

Cr steel cyclic crack growth tests, 558 laser transformation hardening and

fatigue crack initiation, 148 Cr-Mo steel

constitutive equations, 424 creep-fatigue damage, 210 creep-fatigue life prediction, 775 creep-rupture strength, 775 deformation behaviour and

microstructure, 515 embrittlement mechanism, 705 fatigue damage, 527 fatigue life, 527 fatigue strength, 775, 778 LCF test data variability, 739 welded joints, 671

Cr-Mo-V steel air oxidation, 699 fatigue lives, 218 F ATT data, 706 fractography, 218 LCF cycles and endurance data, 714 LCF damage, 702 low-cycle fatigue, 216 low-cycle fatigue of welded joints,

689 Cr-Ni-Mo steel

fatigue life evaluation, 505 short crack growth, 503

Crack growth. See Fatigue crack growth Crack length

and crack propagation rate, 530 and fatigue ratio, 531 vs. crack growth rate, 573

Crack opening displacement (COD), 337

Ti-6AI-4V alloys, 751 Crack propagation rate, and crack length,

530

Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), 521

in creep-fatigue interaction, 224 Creep behaviour

dynamic, in biaxial stress states, 375 nickel-base superalloy IN738LC under

creep-fatigue loading, 293 Creep cavitation phenomena, 697 Creep crack growth

and fatigue crack growth, 719 steady state, 560

Creep cracking rate, NSW model for, 558

Creep damage and high-temperature fatigue, 723 application to fatigue tests, 723 assessment of, 343 evaluation, 243 in thermo-mechanical fatigue, 17

Creep damage mode, and creep-fatigue interaction relationship, 242

Creep deformation, multiaxial loading, 343

Creep effects in LCF behaviour of welded joints, 693

Creep failure, influence of waveform of cyclic creep loading, 39

Creep-fatigue behaviour heat-resistant steels, 235 rupture ductility, 712

Creep-fatigue crack propagation, transition from small crack to large crack, 533

Creep-fatigue damage 9Cr-IMo steel, 210 heat-resisting steels, 238

Creep-fatigue fracture metallography of, 88 stainless steel type 316, 88

Creep-fatigue interaction crack-tip opening displacement in,

224 creep damage mode evaluation, 242 low-cycle fatigue life prediction, 222 power plant components, 699

Creep-fatigue life Cr-Mo steels, 775 type 316 stainless steels, 229 visco-plastic modelling, 787

Creep-fatigue loading creep behaviour of nickel-base

superalloy IN738LC under, 293 test method, 243

Creep-fatigue map for IN792, 811

877

Creep-fatigue-oxidation interactions in high-temperature low-cycle fatigue damage of austenitic stainless steels, 178

Creep-fatigue properties, effect of pre­treatment, 91

Creep-fatigue tests, 9Cr-IMo steel, 211 Creep rate, experimental and predicted

stationary, 725 Creep relaxation, biaxial stress state, 343 Creep rupture strength, Cr-Mo steels, 775 Crevice corrosion, turbine steels in boiler

feed water, 613 Cyclic crack growth behaviour, modelling,

559 Cyclic crack growth tests

Cr martensitic steel, 558 transient effects, 558

Cyclic creep in cyclic plastic behaviour of metals, 453

Cyclic deformation constitutive model, 436 graphites, 31 tubes under multiaxialloading, 304

Cyclic hardening/softening, in cyclic plastic behaviour of metals, 453

Cyclic hardening/softening curves, 57 Cyclic hardening/softening materials, low­

cycle fatigue, 576 Cyclic I-integral. See I-integral Cyclic plastic straining, copper single

crystals, 172 Cyclic strain energy density, 290 Cyclic stress-potential hysteresis loops,

114, 115 Cyclic stress-strain behaviour, aluminium

alloys, 100 Cyclic stress-strain curves (CSSC), 627,

741, 745, 748, 749, 763, 803, 824 aluminium alloys, 100, 311,865,867 austenitic stainless steel, 825 a-brass, 106

elastic-plastic models, 459 mild steel Ck-15, 364 Ni-20at.%Cr steel, 160 Ti-6AI-4V alloy, 752 WC-Co cemented carbides, 45

Cyclic stress-strain hysteresis loops, 114, 115

Cyclic stress-strain response, 106 influence of mechanical prehistory, 106

Cyclic work-softening curves, Ti-6AI-4V alloy, 752

Cylindrical vessel analysis, 679

Damage mechanics constitutive equations in, 793 fatigue effective stress in, 793

Data-reduction methods, 325 Defect evolution in fatigue process, 733 Diercks equation, 596, 599, 775, 778, 779 Direct current potential drop (DCPD)

technique, 553 Directional solidification

nickel-base superalloys CM247LC-DS, 539 high-temperature low-cycle fatigue,

256 superalloys, 337 SX (single-crystal) superalloys, 1

Disc superalloys, thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) tests, 200

Dislocation arrangements, 58-60 Dislocation interaction and cell size

distribution, 516 Dislocation structure, austenitic stainless

steel, 827 Dissimilar metals, welded joints, 671 Ductile brittle transition temperatures

(DBTT),701 Ductile cast iron

bainitic, 124 ferritic, 124 low-cycle fatigue, 124 microstructure, 124 pearlitic, 124

Ductility and low-cycle fatigue, 136 and microstructure, 136 effects of loading patterns, 92

Ductility exhaustion concept, 229 Ductility exhaustion criterion, 233 Dynamic strain ageing, 64-6

Elastic strain increment, 390 Elasticity modulus defect, 799 Elasto-plastic analysis, finite-element

analysis, 672 Elasto-plastic behaviour

constitutive models, 448 IN718 containing 8-Ni3Cb precipitation

phase, 94 simulated transverse fillet-welded lap

joint under in-plane tensile loading, 683

Elasto-plastic concretes, 381 Elasto-plastic constitutive model, 387 Elasto-plastic deformation, grey cast iron,

465

878

Elasto-plastic fracture mechanics, crack extension energy rate, 564

Elasto-plastic fracture mechanics, fatigue life, 576

Elasto-plastic material, constitutive equations, 418

Elasto-plastic models, cyclic stress-strain curves, 459

Elasto-plastic small crack growth in alloy 718, 545 in INI00, 545

Elasto-plastic steels, 381 Elasto-plastic strain -concentration factor,

844 Elasto-plastic stresses and strains, 817 Elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model, 436 Electrical potential technique, fatigue

damage study, 112 Energy accumulation in medium-carbon

steel, 142 Energy-based criterion, 349 Energy density method, 746 Energy dissipation, in fatigue damage, 727 Energy dissipation effects on fatigue crack

extension in viscoelastic-plastic solids, 508

Energy screening effects on fatigue crack extension in viscoelastic-plastic solids, 508

Environment effects on fatigue life, 698 Environment enhanced crack growth

behaviour, 639 Eyring equation, 42

Failure analysis, low-cycle fatigue, 664 Failure mechanisms of carbon-fibre

reinforced plastics, 621 Fatigue, thermal. See Thermal fatigue Fatigue crack behaviour, small cracks, 527 Fatigue crack extension, in viscoelastic-

plastic solids, 508 Fatigue crack extension energy rate,

computation of, 564 Fatigue crack geometries, determination

from polished specimens, 833 Fatigue crack growth, 502

analysis, 703 and creep crack growth, 719 and cyclic J-integral, 578 and growth rate, 571 and microstructure, 166 and stress intensity factor, 170, 574 and stress intensity range, 586 behaviour modelling, 659

879

Fatigue crack growth-contd. competition model, 357 cycle-dependent, 657 effect of minor cycles, 657 environment enhanced, 639 high-temperature model, 639 in notched specimens, 356 influence of time and temperature, 166 life prediction, 703 life prediction of circumferentially

notched cylindrical components, 757

low-cycle fatigue, 216, 594 material characterization, 521 model development, 356 multiaxial stresses, 357 plastic materials, 859 small cracks, 657 time-dependent, 657 turbine disc alloys, 657 UDIMET 700 nickel-base alloy, 166 vs. crack length, 573 vs. stress intensity factor, 574

Fatigue crack initiation and coalescence analyses, 357 at non-metallic inclusions, 658 biaxial loading, 317 laser transformation hardening, 148 life prediction, 317, 696 life prediction of circumferentially

notched cylindrical components, 757

low-cycle fatigue, 582, 594 NDE methods for prediction, 702 plastic materials, 859 single crystal Ni-base superalloy, 539 SX (single-crystal) superalloys, 4 titanium alloys, 20, 22 tubes under multiaxialloading, 304 WC-Co cemented carbides, 47

Fatigue crack nucleation and microcrack propagation, 588

Fatigue crack patterns modelling of, 831 thermal fatigue, 829

Fatigue crack penetration, residual stress redistribution with, 51

Fatigue crack propagation anisothermal crack propagation, 201 effect of residual stresses, 49 effect of superimposed vibrational stress,

552 high-strength structural steel, 841 IN713C,266

Fatigue crack propagation-contd. Inconel MA6000 alloys, 7 MAR-M-247LC, 266 notched specimens, 763 SX (single-crystal) superalloys, 3 titanium alloys, 22 welded joints, 601, 607

Fatigue crack tip, Auger electron spectography, 15

Fatigue damage, 112, 136 and cyclic hysteresis energy, 731 backstress effect in prediction model,

721 biaxial loading, 356 constitutive equations, 399 controlled constant strain range, 729 controlled constant strain rate, 729 Cr-Mo steel, 527 effective stress in, 794 electrical potential method, 112 energy dissipation in, 727 evaluation, 243 evaluation by simulated loading

processes, 654 high-temperature, 178, 527 internal, 136 irrecoverable energy dissipation, 730 low-cycle model, 42 microcrack density in, 490 model,290 stainless steels, 178 statistical simulation, 82 strain-controlled, 399 stress-controlled, 402 thermodynamic analysis, 727 thermomechanical, 16 variable definition, 797

Fatigue damage parameter IN713C,265 MAR-M-247LC, 265

Fatigue effective stress analysis of, 794 definition of, 796 in damage mechanics, 793

Fatigue failure and plastic deformation, 738 effect of sulphur dioxide, 634 verification of criterion, 375

Fatigue fracture and microstructure, 540 nodular cast iron, 118

Fatigue life aircraft structural components, 485 aluminium alloys, 311

880

Fatigue life-contd. and strain energy parameter, 360 backstress effect in prediction model,

721 Coffin~Manson plots, 220 comparison of measured and calculated,

725 comparison of prediction hypotheses,

317 Cr~Mo steel, 527 Cr~Mo-V steel, 218 Cr~Ni~Mo steel, 505 dissimilar metal welds, 671 elasto-plastic fracture mechanics, 576 environment effects on, 698 FEMF A T program, 423 fossil power plant components, 695 high-strength steel weldments, 841 high-temperature low-cyclic fatigue

under arbitrary cyclic loading, 224 IN713C, 265 low-cycle fatigue, 588 MAR-M-247LC, 265 measured and predicted stress amplitude

dependence, 724 multiaxialloading simulation, 651 notched members, 349 notched specimens, 356 prediction application, 814 prediction for low-carbon cast steel, 748 pressurized components, 644 sintered steels, 473 summary evaluation of prediction

methods, 701 thermo-mechanical, 16 titanium alloys, 20, 22 WC-Co cemented carbides, 47

Fatigue life equation, 799 Fatigue Life Evaluation Programme

(FLEP),764 Fatigue maps, 815 Fatigue process

defect evolution in, 733 general phenomena, 57 hysteresis loops in, 736 macroscopic level, 733 microscopic level, 733

Fatigue ratio and crack length, 531 Fatigue strength Cr~Mo steels, 775, 778 microstructure, 540 notch factors, 499 smooth and notched specimens, 497

Fatigue strength reduction factor, 844

Fatigue tests constant amplitude loading, 763 thermal and isothermal, 715 variable amplitude loading, 763

Fatigue threshold, 734, 736 Fe~Ni~C alloys, effect of hydrogen

embrittlement on low-cycle fatigue, 627

Finite element analysis ABAQUS code, 468 cyclic J-integral, 678 elasto-plastic analysis, 672 hoop stresses, 667 hysteresis loop, 353 INDEED code, 418 low-cycle fatigue life prediction of

circumferentially notched cylindrical components, 757

maximum principal stresses, 668 thermal fatigue time-temperature-strain­

stress analysis, 282 Fokker~Planck equation, 485 Fractal defects

fatigue evolution model, 733 general evolution equation, 736

Fractal dimension, 734, 735 Fractal evolution, characteristic curve, 735 Fractal measure, 734, 735 Fractal variables, 734

state equation, 735 Fractography, Cr~Mo-V steel, 218 Fracture analysis, welded joints, 601 Fracture kinetics, plastic materials, 859 Fracture mechanism, type 316 stainless

steels, 229 Fracture surfaces

carbon-fibre reinforced plastics, 621 IN718 containing 8-Ni3Cb phase, 98 laser-hardened steel, 152 nitrogen maitensitic stainless steels, 73 SEM micrographs, 219 SEM observations, 215

Fracture toughness non-destructive evaluation (NDE), 705 plastic materials, 864

Glass-fibre reinforced polyamides constitutive equations, 479, 482 strain rate effect, 481

Grain size and fatigue properties of Ni~20at.%Cr, 160

Graphites cyclic deformation, 31 general relations for sub-elements, 32

Graphites-contd. low-cycle failure, 31 mechanical and physical properties,

31 rheological behaviour, 32 rheological model, 34 structural, 31 structural models, 32

Grey cast iron elasto-plastic deformation, 465 plastic flow, 466

Hastelloy, air oxidation, 699 Hausdorff dimension, 734 Hausdorff measure, 734 Heat-resistant steels

creep-fatigue behaviour, 235 creep-fatigue damage analysis, 238

Heat-resistant superalloys, alloy 800H, 639

Hencky's finite law, 646 Hencky's flow rule, 644 High-cycle fatigue

crack initiation and growth at room and elevated temperatures, 594

microstructure vs. accumulation of energy in medium-carbon steel, 142

High-strength steels fatigue life prediction in weldments,

841 HT50, 491 HT80, 491 SCM435H, 576 WT80,576

High-temperature alloys, thermo mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests, 199

High-temperature fatigue and creep damage, 723 constitutive equations, 424 DS superalloys, 256 effect of sulphur dioxide, 634 environment enhanced crack growth

behaviour, 639 IN792,811 influence of dynamic strain ageing on

stress amplitude, 64-6 Mar-M247LC DS superalloy, 337 oxide dispersion strengthened

superalloys, 7 strain controlled, 401

High-temperature fracture initiation test, 782

881

High-temperature slow strain rate fracture initiation, effect of local fatigue damage, 781

Hooke's law, 646, 799 Hoop stresses, finite element analysis,

667 Hydrogen embrittlement and low-cycle

fatigue, 627 Hysteresis energy approach, 693 Hysteresis energy cumulation process,

sintered steels, 473 Hysteresis loops, 60-4

AISI 304L stainless steel, 63 and dynamic elasticity modulus,

801 at change of principal stress direction,

819 copper, 61 creep stress-potential, 114, 115 cyclic stress-strain, 114, 115 finite element analysis, 353 in fatigue process, 736 in S-E plane, 653 keyhole specimens, 352 low-carbon steel, 61 numerical analysis, 353 uniaxial specimens, 351

INl00, elasto-plastic small crack growth, 545

IN713C, fatigue and short crack behaviour, 262

IN718, elasto-plastic behaviour, 94 IN738LC

air oxidation, 699 high-temperature inelastic

deformation under uniaxial and multiaxial loading, 248

low-cycle fatigue, 369, 711 IN792

creep-fatigue map for, 811 high-temperature fatigue, 811 influence of mean stress on fatigue life,

811 mechanical behaviour, 815

Incoloy 800, low-cycle fatigue behaviour, 582

Inconel 617, 723 fatigue damage and lifetime prediction

model, 721 Inconel 738, air oxidation, 699 Inconel MA760, thermal fatigue

anisotropy, 192

Inconel MA6000 fatigue crack propagation (FCP), 7 low-cycle fatigue, 7

Incremental step test, 61-3, 100 Incremental step test cyclic stress-strain

curve, 453 INDEED FEM code, 418 Inelastic behaviour, unified models, 442 Interactive damage rule (IDR), 777 Intergranular creep cavitation, 179 Intergranular fracture in austenitic

stainless steels, 179 Iron--nickel alloys

A-286 crack-growth behaviour, 713 low-cycle fatigue behaviour, 582

J-integral,514 and crack growth rate, 578 and fatigue crack growth rate, 521 crack extension energy rate

computation, 564 finite element analysis, 678 low-cycle fatigue, 678

life prediction of circurnferentially notched cylindrical components, 757

Joule-Thomson effect, 735

Kachanov effective stress concept, 796 Kocks-Mecking type constitutive model,

436

Laser transformation hardening, fatigue crack initiation, 148

LEFM,545 Levy-Mises flow rules, 344 Limit states, assessment of, 817 Linear cumulative fatigue damage rule,

775, 776, 796 Linear damage rule, 702 Low-alloy steels

16Mn, 601 Bauschinger effect, 835 EN24T,553 welded joints, 601

Low-carbon steel hysteresis loops, 61 1ST -cyclic stress-strain curve, 62 OS 540 Vaculok, 745

Low-cycle fatigue aluminium alloys, 865 and crack initiation, 582 and ductility, 136 and hydrogen embrittlement, 627

882

Low-cycle fatigue-contd. and microstructure, 154, 824 and service life, 166 Bauschinger effect 835 cast steel, 745 comparison of longitudinal and

transversal direction specimens, 260 components with large pad stress-coined

holes, 769 constant strain amplitude tests, 751 Cr-Mo-V steel, 216 crack growth at room and elevated

temperatures, 594 crack growth prediction at high

temperatures, 560 crack initiation at room and elevated

temperatures, 594 cracking behaviour, 356 cyclic hardening/softening materials, 576 cyclic stress-strain response, 107 damage accumulation around a notch,

781 DS superalloys, 256 ductile cast iron, 124 durability of structural members, 823 effect of environment, 698 effect of prior degradation, 698 effect of rupture ductility, 697 effect of sUlphur dioxide, 634 effect of superimposed vibrational stress,

552 environment enhanced crack growth

behaviour, 639 failure analysis, 664 failure prediction, 695 fatigue crack growth, 216 fatigue life, 588 fossil power plant components, 695 graphites, 31 high-temperature, 337 high-temperature components, 695 IN738LC, 369 Inconel MA6000 alloys, 7 l-integral, 678 J-integral and deformation and

microstructure, 514 life prediction, 695

circurnferentially notched cylindrical components, 757

reliability, 739 under creep-fatigue interaction, 222

microstructure vs. accumulation of energy in medium-carbon steel, 142

883

Low-cycle fatigue~contd. multiaxial, 362, 337 multiaxial strain, 369 nickel-base superalloy IN738LC, 298 nitrogen-alloyed martensitic stainless

steels, 70 nitrogen duplex stainless steel, 76 oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS)

superalloys, 204 PC, 37 plastic strain energy in, 349 simulation model, 82 simulation of service conditions, 699 simulation of thermomechanical fatigue,

700 single over -strain tests, 751 SRR99,369 stainless steel 316L, 82 stainless steel AISI 316L, 287 Ti-6AI-4V alloys, 751 titanium alloys, 19 transgranular, 178 turbine steels, 613 variability of test data, 739 WC-Co cemented carbides, 43 welded joints, 689, 847 see also Fatigue damage

Low-temperature fatigue, strain­controlled, 399

Manson-Coffin relation, 502, 506, 576, 577, 753, 799

MAR-M200, air oxidation, 699 MAR-M247LC directionally solidified

superalloy, 337 MAR-M247LC nickel-base alloys, fatigue

and short crack behaviour, 262 MAR-M509, TTSS history, 281 Maraging steel

crack structure, 860 influence of stress state, 864

MARC nonlinear computer program, 790

Markov matrix utilization, 655 Masing behaviour, 60-4, 645

constant-amplitude tests, 60-1 incremental step test, 61-3 stress-strain paths, 64

Material behaviour model, 405 Material functions in unified models, 442 Material parameter identification, 407 Maximum principal stresses, finite element

analysis, 668 Maximum stress law (MSL), 813

Medium carbon steel low-cycle fatigue life prediction of

circurnferentially notched cylindrical components, 757

microstructure vs. accumulation of energy, 142

Metal matrix composites, thermo­mechanical fatigue, 13

Microcrack density in accumulated fatigue damage, 490

Microcrack growth in A12024, 588 Microcrack growth law, 576 Microcrack propagation after surface

treatment, 591 Microstructure

aluminium alloys, 100 and deformation behaviour, 514 and ductility, 136 and fatigue behaviour, 56 and fatigue crack growth rate, 166 and fatigue fracture, 540 and low-cycle fatigue, 154,824 and simulated cracking morphology,

360 cast iron, 130 constitutive equations, 405 dissimilar metal welds, 671 ductile cast iron, 124 fatigue strength, 540 initially precipitate-free condition, 104 over-aged condition, 103 oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS)

superalloys, 204 peak-aged condition, 101 single-phase metallic materials, 106 turbine steel in boiler feedwater, 615 two-phase, 95 vs. accumulation of energy, 142 welded joints, 603

Mild steel Ck-15

cyclic stress-strain curve, 364 multiaxialloadings, 362 thin-walled tubular specimens, 362

effect of hydrogen embrittlement on low-cycle fatigue, 627

SM41A,491 Miner's rule, 576, 797

two-step loading tests, 578 Mn steel, short fatigue crack growth, 570 Monkman-Grant failure criterion, 272 Multiaxial loading

and assessment of limit states, 817 effect on fatigue life, 651

Neuber's rule, 599, 646, 648, 742, 746, 749

S-Ni3Cb precipitation phase in IN718 superalloy, 94

Nickel maraging steel, low-cycle fatigue, 582

Nickel-base alloys and superalloys CM247LC-DS, 539 CMSX-2,539 CMSX-6, 67-8 directionally solidified, high-temperature

low-cycle fatigue, 256 DZ3, DZ4, and DZ22, 256 IN1OO, TTSS history, 281 IN713C fatigue and short crack

behaviour, 262 IN718, LCF test data variability, 739 IN738LC, 369

creep behaviour under superimposed creep-fatigue loading, 293

high-temperature inelastic deformation under uniaxial and multiaxialloading, 248

low-cycle fatigue behaviour, 298 MA760,204 MAR-M-247 LC, fatigue and short

crack behaviour, 262 MAR-M-247 LC FG HIP, 763 Nimonic 101, LCF test data variability,

739 notch fatigue behaviour, 763 oxide dispersion strengthened, 7 single crystal, 539 SRR 99, 369 SX,1 thermal-mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests,

204 turbine discs, 657 Udimet 700, 166, 763 Waspa10y, 553 yttrium-modified single-crystal, 1

Nickel-base superalloys, 192 Ni-Cr steel, grain size and fatigue

properties, 160 Nitrogen alloyed stainless steel type 316,

88 Nitrogen duplex stainless steel, 76 Nitrogen martensitic stainless steels,

70 Nodular cast iron

fatigue fracture, 118 pearlitic, 180 quantitative fractography, 118 thermal fatigue behaviour, 180

884

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) advanced techniques, 696 fatigue crack initiation prediction, 702 fracture toughness, 705

Non-Masing behaviour, 789 Non-metallic inclusions, fatigue crack

initiation at, 658 Notch effects, LCF damage accumulation,

781 Notch fatigue behaviour, nickel-base

alloys, 763 Notch history simulation tests, 792 Notched specimens

fatigue crack propagation, 763 S-N curves, 763

NSW model for creep cracking rate, 558

Numerical simulation, creep-fatigue crack propagation, 535

Operational processes, modelling of, 652 Oscillation concept, 328 Ostergren damage approach, 692, 693 Overstress concept

creep-fatigue damage, 210 unified models based on, 442

Oxidation damage, 179 in thermo-mechanical fatigue, 17

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened superalloys, 192

high-temperature fatigue, 7 low-cycle fatigue, 204 microstructure, 204 thermal-mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests,

204 Oxide/metal interface, SX (single-crystal)

superalloys, 5 Oxide-scale resistance, SX (single-crystal)

superalloys, 5

Pad stress coining and stress-strain states, 769

Paris law, 502, 558, 703 PC

fatigue curve as function of sine wave frequency at constant shear stress amplitude, 41

influence of initial loading rate on tensile creep behaviour, 38

influence of waveform and frequency on fatigue, 40

influence of waveform on cyclic creep loading, 39

low-cycle fatigue, 37

885

Pearlitic steels Bauschinger effect, 835 microstructure and low-cycle fatigue,

154 Persistent slip bands (PSB), 58~60 Peterson's equation, 844 Phosphorus-FATT correlations, 706 Plastic deformation

aluminium alloys, 865 and fatigue failure, 738 and stress-strain states, 769 during mechanical cyclic loading, 56

Plastic flow, grey cast iron, 466 Plastic materials

fatigue crack growth, 859 fatigue crack initiation, 859 fracture kinetics, 859 fracture toughness, 864

Plastic strain amplitude, evaluation from total strain amplitude, 801

Plastic strain energy, in low-cycle fatigue, 349

Plastic strain energy density, 519 Plastic strain increment, 390 Plasticity, rate-dependent and rate-

independent, 411 Polyamides, glass-fibre reinforced, 479 Polycrystalline material, two-dimensional

modelling, 357 Power plant components, LCF life

prediction, 695 Prandtl~Reuss equation, 644 Prandtl-Reuss flow rule, 646 Pressure Electro Slag Remelting (PESR)

process, 70 Pressure vessel steel, A-533 B, 349 Pressure vessels, welded joints, 821 Pressurized components

fatigue life, 644 residual stresses, 644

Principal stresses, calculation of, 817

Quantitative fractography, nodular cast iron,118

Rabotnov model, 722 Rainflow fatigue analysis data reduction

concept, 325 Rainflow-in-all-directions (RIAD) concept,

326 Rainflow matrices creation, 653 Rainflow projection (RP) method, 326 Ramberg-Osgood equation, 648, 745 R-curve test, 523

Recrystallized zones around fatigued notch, 783

Reinforced concrete beams under multiaxialloading, 381

Residual stresses approximation procedure of Hoffmann

and Seeger, 645 calculation of, 817 combined effects of welding and shot

peening, 52 distribution, 50

in welded joints, 602 pressurized components, 644 redistribution during fatigue, 49

Rheological behaviour, graphites, 32 Robinson rule, 722, 723 Rotor steels, hardness and fatigue life, 718 Rupture ductility

effect on LCF life, 697 in creep-fatigue, 712

Sandvik 253 MA, high-temperature fatigue, 401

Short fatigue crack behaviour and surface strain redistribution, 496

Short fatigue crack growth CrNiMo steel, 503 experimental study, 503 Mn steel, 570

Shot peening effect of residual stress redistribution, 52 effect on microcrack propagation, 591

Silicon carbide particulate reinforced Al 2xxx-T4 alloy, 13

Simulation models, low-cycle fatigue damage of stainless steeU16L, 82

Single-crystal superalloys, thermal fatigue, 1

Single-step tests (SST), 100 Sintered steels

fatigue life, 473 hysteresis energy cumulation process,

473 Small punch testing, 706 S-N curves, notched specimens, 763 Spin pit tests, 666 SRR 99, low-cycle fatigue, 369 Stainless steels, SUS304, 775 Stainless steels

creep-fatigue-oxidation interactions, 178

DIN X2 CrNiMoN 22-5 austenitic­ferritic (AFII), 77

duplex, 186

Stainless steels~contd. durability estimation of thick-walled

tube, 824 high-temperature low-cycle fatigue

damage, 178 low-cycle fatigue of nitrogen-alloyed

duplex, 76 MANET I, hold time influence on

thermal fatigue behaviour, 275 nitrogen-alloyed martensitic, 70 SAF 2205, 634 SUS304, 491, 576 thermal cycling, 269

micromechanical model, 186 type 304, 533

air oxidation, 699 constitutive equations, 424

type 304L gliding dislocations, 65 hysteresis loops, 63 stress amplitude data, 64 thermo-mechanical fatigue, 66-8

type 3 lOS, 782 type 316, 229, 634

air oxidation, 699 high-temperature fatigue, 401 low-cycle creep-fatigue fracture, 88 low-cycle fatigue test data variability,

739 type 316L

hold time influence on thermal fatigue behaviour, 275

low-cycle thermo-mechanical fatigue, 287

type 316LN, mu1ti~axial testing, 304 welded joints, 671

STATES program, 817 STATE SF-FATIGUE program, 817 Steam-turbine load-change cycle, 710 Steels, OH2M, thermal fatigue tests, 331 Strain analysis

pad stress coining, 769 transverse fillet-welded lap joint, 685

Strain-controlled fatigue damage, 399 Strain-controlled tests, LCF properties,

257 Strain fatigue, stress fatigue character of,

259 Strain-life curves, 741, 763 Strain memory surface, 389, 390 Strain range partitioning method, 775,

777 Strain rate effect, glass-fibre reinforced

polyamides, 481

886

Stress analysis 2D,666 3D,668 pad stress coining, 769 transverse fillet-welded lap joint, 685

Stress-concentration factor, 349, 746, 844 Stress-controlled fatigue damage, 402 Stress-controlled tests, LCF properties,

257 Stress distribution in turbine discs, 666 Stress fatigue character of strain fatigue,

259 Stress intensity factor, 678

and fatigue crack growth rate, 170, 574 Stress memory surface, 389, 390 Stress relaxation in cyclic plastic

behaviour of metals, 453 Stress-strain history, 791 Stress-strain paths, calculation of, 64 Structural analysis, unified model, 445 Structural members, low-cycle fatigue, 823 Structural steels

incremental step test curve, 453 life under cyclic loading at complex

stress state, 805 St52-3N, 456

Sulphur dioxide, effect on SAF 2205 and type 316 stainless steels, 634

Superposition models, 411 Surface crack growth, Ti-6AI-4V alloys,

751 Surface cracks, thermal fatigue, 829 Surface strain redistribution and short

fatigue crack behaviour, 496 Surface treatment, micro crack propagation

after, 591 SX (single-crystal) superalloys, thermal

fatigue, 1

Tangent modulus, determination of, 392 Tensile creep, influence of loading rate, 38 Thermal cycling

austenitic steels, 269 duplex stainless steel, 186

Thermal fatigue anisotropy, 192 austenitic stainless steel, 826, 830 biaxial stress states, 331 crack patterns, 829 cracking at boreholes of boiler header,

709 Inconel MA 700, 192 influence of temperature hold times on

stainless steels, 275

Thermal fatigue-contd. life characteristics in inelastic-strain-

range-vs-life relationship, 716 lifetime prediction, 829 peariitic nodular cast iron, 180 surface cracks, 829 time-temperature-strain-stress (TTSS)

analysis of single edge wedge specimens, 281

yttrium-modified single-crystal superalloy, I

Thermodynamic analysis, of fatigue damage, 727

Thermomechanical cycle for first-stage blade, 717

Thermomechanical fatigue, 66-8 disc superalloys, 200 high-temperature alloys, 199 in-phase (TMFIP), 13 life tests, 200 mechanical strain range vs. cycles to

failure in-phase (IP), 16 out-of-phase (OP), 17

metal-matrix composites, 13 nickel-base superalloys, 204 out-of-phase (TMFOP), 13 oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS)

superalloys, 204 simulation of, 700 turboengine superalloys, 198 type 316L stainless steel, 287 valiation of mechanical strain with

temperature, 14 Thermoviscoplasticity, aluminium alloy

AS5U3,430 Titanium alloys

fatigue crack initiation, 20, 22 fatigue crack propagation, 22 fatigue life, 20, 22 IMI829,553 IMI834, 19 low-cycle fatigue, 19 Ti6-2-4-2, 19 Ti-6AI-4V, 553 Ti·"()AI-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo,594 Ti-6AI-4V, 594, 751

crack opening displacement (COD). 751

low-cycle fatigue life prediction of circurnferentially notched cylindrical components, 757

surface crack growth, 751 Total strain energy density, 291

887

Transient cyclic plasticity model for incremental step test material curve, 453

Transient hardening, 392. 393 Tsai-Hill criterion. 622 Tubes, multiaxial testing of AISI 316LN

stainless steel, 304 Turbine disc alloys, effect of minor cycles

on growth rate of small cracks, 657

Turbine discs LCF-failure analysis, 664 stress distribution in, 666

Turbine steels, low-cycle fatigue, 613 TURBISTAN,763 Turboengine superalloys,

thermomechanical fatigue tests, 198

Udimet 500, air oxidation, 699 Udimet 700, fatigue crack growth rate,

166 Uniaxial elastic strain invariance (UESI)

approach. 283 Unified models, material functions in,

442

Vibration effect on low-cycle fatigue crack propagation. 552

Visco-elastic-plastic solids, fatigue crack extension in, 508

Visco-plastic material behaviour methods, 805

Visco-plastic model creep-fatigue life prediction, 787 extension by rate-independent plastic

limit surface, 411 von Mises equivalent strain, 337 von Mises stress level curves r 674 Von Mises yield criterion, 646

Walker model, 789, 790 Water absorption of carbon fibre

reinforced plastics, 621 WC-Co cemented carbides

cyclic hardening-softening curves, 45 cyclic plastic deformation, 47 cyclic stress-strain curve, 45 deformation behaviour. 47 fatigue crack initiation, 47 fatigue life, 47 fracture surface, 46, 47 low-cycle fatigue, 43 Wohler curve, 46 Young's modulus, 44

Weld heat-affected zone (HAZ). See Welded joints

Weld metal. See Welded joints Welded joints

Bauschinger effect, 835 constant strain loading, 690 constant stress loading, 690 creep effects, 693 cross-weld specimens, 693 dissimilar metals, 671 effect of residual stress redistribution,

52 fatigue crack propagation, 601, 607 fatigue life prediction in high-strength

steel, 841

888

Weld joints-contd. fracture analysis, 601 low-alloy ferritic steel, 689 low-cycle fatigue, 689, 847 microstructure, 603 pressure vessels, 821 residual stress distribution, 602 resistance to straining and fracture, 847 transverse fillet-welded lap joint, 683 weld-toe geometry, 842

Wohler diagram, 733, 734, 737, 843-5

Yield surface, 389, 390 Yttrium-modified single-crystal superalloy,

thermal fatigue, I