Index

‘‘biological’’ tumour volume, 396‘‘Cheson-criteria’’, 343‘‘do-not-touch’’, 261‘‘Watchful waiting’’ policy, 328‘cloison sagitalle’, 184‘dose painting’, 397‘Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging’’ (WB-MRI), 34511C-methionine (11C-MET), 5118F fluorinated misonidazole (18FMISO), 39718F-fluoro-ethyltyrosine (18FET), 5118F-labelled Fluoromisonidazole, 37618Fluorodeoxyglucose, 5018Fluorothymidine, 5118F-MISO, 3763D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), 38999mTc-pertechnetate, 31199mTc-sestamibi, 311

AAcinic cell carcinoma, 14, 218Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 356Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), 14Adenocarcinoma, 88, 208, 218, 243, 250Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 13, 30, 88, 103, 140, 161, 218, 220,

248, 250, 256Adenoid cystic, 382Ameloblastoma, 204, 228Anaplastic carcinoma, 11, 31Aneurysm, 193Aneurysmal bone cysts, 231Angiomatous polyp, 224Angiosarcoma, 90Ann-Arbor system, 346Anterior commissure, 63Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 49

BBarium swallow, 34Basal cell carcinoma, 1Baseline study, 82Benign mixed tumor, 241Benign nodular hyperplasia, 299

Bisphosphonates, 204, 231Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)-MRI, 76Branchiogenic cysts, 187Brown fat, 365Buccinator space, 139Burkitt’s lymphoma, 358

CCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 12, 187, 243Carotid body tumors, 192Cartilage invasion, 61, 74Cartilage involvement, 110Castleman’s disease, 335Cavernous sinus invasion, 212Cephalocele, 277Charpy’s fascia, 184Chemoradiotherapy, 70Cholesterol cysts, 284Cholesterol granuloma, 284Chondroradionecrosis, 118Chondrosarcoma, 88, 196, 226, 280, 383Chordomas, 278Chronic osteomyelitis, 270Chronic sialadenitis, 256Congenital cholesteatoma, 284Cowden disease, 292Cranial neuropathy, 175Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP), 80Crosti’s syndrome, 359

DDenervated tongue, 168Dentogenic cysts, 204Dermoid cysts, 129, 249Dermoid tumors, 272Diffusion weighted images (DWI), 119, 232, 269, 319Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), 46, 84, 87, 160, 394Diffusion-weighted sequence, 210, 240Direct laryngoscopy, 28Distant metastases, 394Distant metastasis, 372Dorello’s canal, 278

R. Hermans (ed.), Head and Neck Cancer Imaging, Medical Radiology. Diagnostic Imaging,DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17869-6, � Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012

409

D (cont.)Dose escalation, 397Draf-III procedure, 232Dural infiltration, 211Duraplasty, 232DW-MRI, 402, 403Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, 321Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR

imaging (DCEMRI), 240Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), 397Dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), 46Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, 76Dyshormonogenesis, 292

EEctopic thyroid gland, 130Ectopic thyroid, 161Encephalomyelopathy, 175Endolymphatic sac tumors, 280Endoscopic evaluation, 23Eosinophilic granuloma, 271Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), 399Epidermoid cyst, 129, 249Epidermoid tumors, 284Epistaxis, 208Epstein–barr virus, 5, 342Esophageal verge, 98Esophagoscopy, 29Esthesioneuroblastoma, 23, 210, 221Eustachian tube, 164Ewing sarcoma, 222, 269, 358Exostosis, 134Extended hemilaryngectomy, 79Extracapsular tumor spread, 321, 328, 372Extramedullary plasmacytoma, 91, 359Extranodal spread, 316, 343

FFacial nerve, 30Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, 308Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, 308FDG PET/CT, 145FDG PET–CT, 119FDG-PET imaging, 319FDG-PET, 84, 87, 173, 365Fibro osseous disease, 229Fibrosarcoma, 90, 196Fibrous dysplasia, 210, 229, 270, 383Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), 34First branchial cleft abnormality, 249Flap failure, 85Floor of the mouth cancer, 137Follicular adenoma, 294Follicular adenomata, 300Follicular thyroid cancer, 10Follicular thyroid carcinoma, 301Foramen lacerum, 164Fossa of Rosenmüller, 25, 164Four-dimensional (4D) RT, 401

GGardner syndrome, 292Gasserian ganglion, 214Gastric pull-up, 115Geographic destruction, 197Geographic miss, 390Glomus tumors, 192Glossectomy, 136Glottic cancer, 62Goitre, 8Gradenigo’s triad, 285Granulocytic sarcoma, 229Graves’ disease, 8, 292Graves’ orbitopathy, 354

HHaemangiopericytoma, 178Hand–Schüller–Christian disease, 271Hashimoto’s goitres, 8Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 292, 300, 356Hemangioma, 161, 193, 223, 248Hemangiomas, 129, 133Hemangiopericytoma, 224Hemangiosarcomas, 196Hemiglossectomy, 145Hemolytic anemia, 268High riding jugular bulb, 266HIV, 249, 356Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 342Horizontal supraglottic

laryngectomy, 79Horner’s syndrome, 284Human papilloma virus (HPV), 4, 103, 147Hürthle cell adenomas, 9Hürthle cell carcinoma, 10Hypoxia, 75

IImage-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), 400Include Whartin’s tumors, 356Inflammatory pseudotumor, 353Inflammatory pseudotumors, 274Intensity-modulated

radiotherapy (IMRT), 388Internal carotid artery

aneurysms, 284Intracranial extension, 168Intranodal necrosis, 324Intraparotid lymph nodes, 255Intraparotid metastases, 250Invasive fungal infections, 210Inverted papilloma, 210, 214

JJejunal free flap, 115Jugular bulb diverticulum, 266Jugular paraganglioma, 192Juvenile angiofibroma, 210, 222

410 Index

KKaposi’s sarcoma, 90Keratocysts, 204Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, 335k-space, 42

LLangerhans cell histiocytosis, 271Laryngeal necrosis, 85Laryngeal radionecrosis, 70Laryngectomy, 61, 69Laryngocele, 64Laser resection, 77Leiomyosarcoma, 90Lesions, 261Letterer–siwe disease, 271Leukemia, 266Leukoplakia, 6Leveling system of cervical lymph nodes, 21Lingual thyroid, 130Lip cancer, 136Lipoma, 133, 247Lipomas, 187Liposarcoma, 90, 101, 250Lithiasis, 257Lymph node groups, 20Lymphangioma, 193, 248Lymphoepithelial cysts, 356Lymphoma, 2, 90, 103, 143, 160, 178, 187, 193, 196, 228, 250,

266, 292, 332, 341Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node localisation, 321

MMagnetic resonance spectroscopy, 320Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 90Malignant melanoma, 2Malignant mixed tumor, 187Malignant schwannomas, 276Malt lymphoma, 353Mandibular nerve, 195Marginal (cortical) mandibulectomy, 136Maxillectomies, 232McCune–Albright syndrome, 231Medullary carcinoma, 11Medullary thyroid cancer, 303Melanoma, 178, 210, 222, 356Meningioma, 226, 276Meningoencephalocele, 277Metastasis, 92, 106, 171, 196, 231Metastatic disease, 266Microcarcinomas, 296Modified Valsalva maneuver, 38Moth-eaten like destruction, 197MR-spectroscopy, 46Mucoceles of the petrous apex, 284Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 5, 13, 88, 103, 140, 218, 250Mucoepidermoid, 161Mucoepithelial carcinomas have, 382Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, 292

Multiple myeloma, 91, 266, 359Multiple osteochondromatosis, 270Muscle denervation, 166Mycosis fungoides, 359Myelitis, 389

NNasal glioma, 226Nasopharyngeal cancer, 23, 36, 193Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 163, 333Natural Killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, 356Neopharynx, 115Neuroblastoma, 274Neuroectodermal tissue tumors, 2Neuroendocrine carcinoma, 2, 217Neurofibromatosis type, 1, 276Neurogenic tumors, 188Neurosarcomas, 196Nodal calcification, 325Nodal group classification, 316Nodal heterogeneity, 324Nodal staging, 327Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 342Non-malignant lymphadenopathy, 335

OOlfactory neuroblastoma, 2, 221Ossifying fibroma, 231Osteoma, 210Osteomyelitis, 131, 204Osteonecrosis, 204, 389Osteoradionecrosis, 144Osteosarcoma, 90, 196, 226, 270, 358Osteosarcomas, 383

PPaget’s disease, 270Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, 244Papillary thyroid cancer, 2, 9Papillary thyroid carcinoma, 187, 300Paraganglioma, 2Paragangliomas, 188, 280Parallel imaging, 44Parapharyngeal abscess, 193Parapharyngeal space, 164, 181Parathyroid adenoma, 307Parathyroid carcinoma, 307Parathyroid hyperplasia, 307Parotid gland masses, 237Partial laryngectomy, 78Pectoralis flap, 115Percutaneous selective venous sampling, 313Perineural extension, 135, 248Perineural invasion, 140Perineural spread, 155, 212, 256Perineural tumor spread, 139, 168, 196, 366Periorbit, 211Periosteal reactions, 201

Index 411

P (cont.)Peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 225Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), 222Permeative destruction, 197PET/CT, 365, 392PET-CT, 345Petrous apicitis, 285Pharyngobasilar fascia, 164, 182Phleboliths, 129Phlegmones, 131Photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 311Pituitary gland tumors, 274Plasmacytoma, 178, 196, 229, 268Plasmocytoma, multiple myeloma, 382Pleiomorphic adenomas, 161Pleomorphic adenoma, 12, 133, 185, 240, 241Pleomorphic adenomas, 382Plummer–Vinson syndrome, 103Plunging ranula, 133, 257Positron emission tomography (PET), 49, 299Post treatment surveillance, 85, 331Posterior commissure, 64Posterior oropharyngeal wall cancer, 155Prelaryngeal abscess, 65Prestyloid compartment, 184Primary hyperparathyroidism, 307Pterygomandibular raphe, 151Pterygopalatine fossa, 139

QQuality of life (QoL), 389

RRadial forearm flap, 115Radiation associated tumours, 176Radiation induced fibrosis, 176Ranula, 132, 257Real classification, 342Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, 243Retromolar trigone cancer, 137Retrostyloid compartment, 184Rhabdomyoma, 133Rhabdomyomas, 187Rhabdomyosarcoma, 90, 178, 187, 226, 250Rhabdomyosarcomas, 143, 196

SSaccular cyst, 64Salivary gland carcinoma, 333Salt-and-pepper-sign, 203Salvage surgery, 85Sarcoidosis, 254Sarcoidosis Rosai-Dorfman disease, 335Sarcoma, 2, 90, 102Schneiderian papillomas, 5Schwannoma, 161, 210, 247Schwannomas, 134, 188, 275Scintigraphy, 298

SDH mutation, 283Second primary malignancies, 394Second primary tumors, 119Secondary, 308Segmental mandibulectomy, 136Sezary syndromes, 359Shimming, 48Sialolithiasis, 131Sicca syndrome, 355Sinonasal cancer, 36Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, 217Sinus of morgagni, 164Sinus thrombosis, 285Sjögren syndrome, 240, 253, 350Skin cancer, 1, 333Soft palate cancer, 154Solitary cystic lesion of the parotid gland, 248Solitary plasmacytoma, 91Squamous cell cancer, 135Squamous cell carcinoma, 1, 58, 147, 208, 216, 250, 315, 365Squamous cell carcinomas, 55Squamous papillomas, 5Stafne cyst, 204Standardized uptake values (suvmax), 365Stensen’s duct, 238Sturge–Weber-Syndrome, 129Stylopharyngeal fascia, 184Subglottic cancer, 67Supraclavicular fossa, 170Supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SPL), 79Supraglottic cancer, 66Surveillance imaging, 159Surveillance, 403Susceptibility effects, 42Sympathetic chain schwannoma, 192Synchronous primary tumor, 29Synovial, 90, 102

TTemporal lobe necrosis, 174Tensor-vascular-styloid fascia, 184Tertiary hyperparathyroidism, 308Thalassemia, 268Thyroglossal duct cyst, 65Thyroglossal duct cysts, 130Thyroid cancer, 292Thyroid carcinoma, 333Thyroid lymphoma, 306Thyroid metastases, 307Tinnitus, 280, 284Tongue base cancer, 153Tongue cancer, 139Tonsillar cancer, 152Torus tubarius, 164Total laryngectomy, 80Transglottic cancer, 65Treatment surveillance, 376Trismus, 26, 139, 176, 208Tuberculous nodes, 335Tucker’s ‘near-total’ technique, 79

412 Index

Tumor hypoxia, 376Tumor oxygenation, 75Tumor volume, 72, 112, 157, 375Tumour apoptosis, 399Tumour hypoxia, 397Tumour microenvironment, 397Tumour perfusion rate, 397Tumour recurrence, 173Tumour volume, 171

UUltra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide

(USPIO) particles, 45Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma, 304Undifferentiated carcinoma, 250Unknown primary tumors, 374USA-fat, 52US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology, 291, 317US-guided FNAC, 294

VVagal paraganglioma, 192Vanishing bone disease, 268Vascular malformations, 128Verrucous carcinoma, 65Vertical hemilaryngectomy, 79Virtual endoscopy, 39Voice prosthesis, 81, 85von Hippel-Lindau disease, 280

WWaldeyer’s ring, 350Warthin tumor, 5, 12, 240, 244, 382Wegener’s granulomatosis, 210Who classification, 343

XXerostomia, 175, 388

Index 413