Index

AAaburg, 408, 409

AASHTO, 17, 18, 32, 38–42, 73, 126, 129,

132, 147, 148, 155, 211

Abdel-Sayed, G., 229, 231, 239, 249, 253, 254,

258, 265

Accorsi, M.L., 210

Advanced Composite Materials in

Bridges and Structures (ACMBS)

Network, 279

Aesthetics, 171, 399, 404, 407, 408, 411, 413,

414, 420

Agarwal, A.C., 6, 122, 134, 148, 255, 261, 264,

298, 360

Aguiniga, A., 286

Aly, A., 154

American Concrete Institute (ACI), 154, 155,

288, 295

American Society for Testing Materials

(ASTM), 240, 250, 251, 279, 286, 359

Analysis, 30, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 44, 61–70,

73–75, 77–80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90,

95–99, 117, 118, 167, 171–173, 175,

177–184, 178–201, 221, 233, 285,

326, 337, 344–348, 350–352,

385–388

ANDECAS, 185–202

Animal overpass, 266–267

Aramid fibre reinforced polymer (AFRP), 272,

273, 282, 286, 288, 300

Arches, 119, 249, 255, 261, 266, 414–419

Arching, 117–123, 125–128, 131, 132,

134–139, 157, 171, 201–205, 229,

235–239, 258, 263, 265

Arroyo, 359

Atlantic Industries Ltd., 266, 268

BBackfill, 229, 231, 233, 235, 238–240, 244,

245, 253, 254, 256–258, 260–265, 267,

352

Bakht, B., 18, 19, 29, 35, 41–43, 51, 62, 63, 66,

74, 80, 83, 85, 88–91, 95, 98, 107, 119,

122, 125, 127, 134, 142, 143, 146, 153,

154, 178–181, 192, 210, 213, 214, 218,

221–223, 239, 243, 253, 255, 259, 261,

264, 285, 299, 320, 324, 325, 338, 343,

346, 347, 350, 358, 360, 385, 413

Bank, L.C., 280

Banthia, N., 277, 278

Bares, R., 36

Barrier wall, 143, 144, 215, 287

Basler, K., 68

BD21/93, 29–31

Bedding, 229–231, 255, 257, 264

Beddington Trail Bridge, 284

Bednarek, 266, 267

Beta method, 397

Billington, D., 407, 413

Bisby, 296

Bolt hole, 251

Brewer, W.E., 262, 263

BridgeWIM (BWIM) system, 355–360, 364,

366, 367, 374, 375, 377, 379, 395, 397

Buckland, P.G., 16, 17

Butterworth filter, 378, 382, 385

Butt joints, 209, 210, 214

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 201

B. Bakht, A. Mufti, Bridges, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17843-14215

CCanadian highway bridge design code

(CHBDC), 8, 12–17, 19, 20, 28, 44–48,

107, 142, 147, 148, 154, 155, 157, 193,

197, 198, 201, 211–215, 218, 225, 239,

240, 243, 244, 246–248, 250, 252–254,

256, 266, 276–279, 283–288, 290, 293,

294, 300–302, 304

Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 38, 42,

165, 198, 275, 290, 295

Cantilever slab of infinite length, 178

Cantilever slab of semi-infinite length, 183

Cantilever span, 175, 176, 183

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), 145,

151, 154, 272, 274, 282–288, 300

Chan, 48, 57, 59–61

Chang, 149

Chatham bridge, 153, 154

Cheese factory bridge, 260

Christenson, 373

Class A loading, 50

Clem, D.A., 262

CL-W Truck, 13, 20, 252

Collins, K.R., 26

Compaction, 229, 240, 254, 256, 257, 260, 262,

263

Computer graphics, 413–415, 417, 420

Conduit, 229–232, 234–239, 241, 243, 244,

247–261, 263–267

Conduit wall, 230, 231, 235–239, 243, 244,

247–251, 253, 255–259, 261, 263–265

Confederation bridge, 284, 413

Connecticut method, 358

Constant C, 378–379

Controlled low strength material (CLSM),

262–266

Convergence of results, 85, 86

Corrugation profile, 241, 242, 267

Cover to reinforcement, 285–286

Crack control reinforcement, 288

Craigellachie bridge, 404, 405

Critical fibre length, 273

Crown, 230, 231, 234, 236, 245–248, 250, 252,

256–260, 264, 403, 410

Csagoly, P.F., 3, 4, 125, 210, 211, 320

Cultural motif, 413–420

CULWAY, 357

Cusens, A.R., 37, 42, 49, 51, 74, 103, 105–108

DDas, 207

Dead load factor, 28, 30, 196

Dead load thrust, 246–247

Deck slab, 8, 51, 55, 56, 60–63, 66–69, 76, 96,

97, 117–159, 162, 165, 167, 171,

173–176, 180, 181, 183, 277–279, 282,

285, 287, 337, 345, 347, 349, 350

Deep corrugations, 230, 231, 234, 241, 243,

244, 247, 250–252, 254, 265, 266

Depth of cover, 230, 246, 252

Design live load, 2, 7–19, 32, 38, 214, 244

Design vehicle, 9–13, 39

deV Batchelor, B., 122, 124, 127, 278

Diagnostic test, 326

Diaphragms, 56, 57, 66, 75, 90, 119, 120, 127,

128, 135, 136, 139, 142, 147, 156–158,

221, 284

Dilger, W.H., 180, 181

Dimokis, A., 210

Distribution coefficient method, 36–38, 42,

83–85, 95

Dome, 414–419

Dorton, R.A., 3, 4, 126, 142, 324

Dowling, 359

DTRUCK, 14

Duncan, J.M., 263

Dyduch, 149

Dynamic load allowance (DLA), 19, 20, 28, 30,

196, 197, 199, 239, 244

Dynamic test, 19, 146, 307

EEden, 300, 302

Edge stiffening, 122, 132, 138–142, 157, 160,

173, 175, 179, 181

Elleby, H.A., 41

El-Salakawy, 288

EMPA, 271

Engineered backfill, 240, 253, 256, 262

Engineered soil, 229–231

Epistemology, 399

Equivalent base length, 3–6

Erki, M.-A., 221, 298

Essery, 256

ETH Zurich, 410

Ethics, 399

FFatigue limit state (FLS), 28

Fibre reinforced bridges, 280

Fibre reinforced composite, 273

Fibre reinforced concrete, 272–274, 277,

286–287

422 Index

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP), 155, 157–158,

225, 273–277, 280–290, 293–297, 299,

301–303

Fibres, 273–276, 278–279

Fibre volume fraction, 159, 273, 278, 279

Force analysis, 35, 173

FORTA Corporation, 135, 139

Foundation, 230, 238, 254–255

Fox Lake Bridge, 217, 218

Free bending moment diagram, 75

Free edges, 157, 172

Free shear force diagram, 75

Frosch, 288

GGalleta bridge, 352

Gangarao, H.V.S., 210

Ganter bridge, 410, 411

Ghali, A., 181

Girges, Y.F., 238

Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), 133,

145, 151, 154, 155, 158, 159, 204, 205,

223, 224, 272, 274, 276–278, 280, 281,

285, 286, 288, 298–304

Golden Mean, 401–404

Golden ratio, 401–403

Graphite, 276

Grout laminated wood deck (GLWD), 224, 225

Grout-laminated bridges, 224–225

HHarman, 356, 357

Harmonic analysis of beams, 77–80

Hartley, J.D., 263

Haunch, 230, 255, 257, 260, 261, 264

Hay, 300, 302

Hendry, A.W., 74

Hewitt, B.E., 122, 127

Heywood, 357

Hitsuishi-jima, 412

Holland, D.A., 178–180

Homam, 298

Hook, W., 262

Hsiung, B., 413

Hurd, J., 262

IIndian Road Congress (IRC), 50, 52, 54

Internal panel, 173, 175–176

Internally restrained deck slabs, 122–133

Invert, 229, 230, 236, 238, 253, 255, 260

Isotropic reinforcement, 126, 129

Issa, M., 278

Iwakuro-jima, 412

JJacob, 359

Jaeger, L.G., 18, 42, 62, 63, 66, 74, 80, 83, 85,

88–90, 95, 98, 107, 127, 179, 210, 213,

214, 221, 271, 324, 325, 338, 347, 385,

413, 414

Japanese method, 358

Johns, 302

Jung, F.W., 4

KKennedy, D.J.L., 27

Kevlar, 276

Khanna, 132

Kollbrunner, C.F., 68

Krishna, J., 57

LLatheef, I., 210

Lee, J.K., 250

Leonhardt, F., 413

Limaye, 151, 154

Limit states design, 27–28

Lindquist bridge, 153, 154

Little, G., 36–38, 49, 57

Live load factor, 30, 32, 197

Live load thrust, 239, 247–248

Logic, 399

Long, 233–236

Longitudinal arching, 237, 238

Longitudinal direction, 230

Longitudinal flexural rigidity, 36, 43, 56, 65,

101, 103, 237

Longitudinal seam strength, 250–251

Longitudinal torsional rigidity, 36, 67, 68, 101,

103

Low modulus fibres, 278

Luxor, 404, 405

Lyari River Path, 414, 419

MMachida, A., 290

Madsen, H.D., 25, 26, 207

Maheu, J., 143

Maillart, R., 407–410

Malvar, 132

Marienfelde bridge, 281, 282

Massonnet, C., 36

Index 423

Matsui, 147–150

Mattsson, 265

Meier, U., 271, 272, 284

Memon, 149, 151, 154

Menn, C., 407, 410, 411

Metaphysics, 399

Micrograph, 277, 278

Mikhailovsky, L., 251

Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO),

122, 125, 126, 142, 143, 145, 299

Mitchell, 207

Morice, P.B., 36–38, 49, 57

Moses, F., 43, 356

Mufti, A.A., 73, 90, 91, 119, 134, 135, 139,

145, 147, 152–154, 159, 163, 167,

180, 183, 221, 225, 233, 236, 271, 274,

277, 279, 285, 299, 307, 343, 346, 413,

414

Multi-presence in one lane, 15–16

Multi-presence in several lanes, 17–19

Murison, 226, 227

Mythe bridge, 404–406

NNCHRP, 287

Neale, K., 296

Near surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR),

274, 286, 293, 294

NEFMAC, 145

New Jersey type barrier, 143

Newhook, J.P., 152, 154, 159, 163, 164, 166,

202, 290

NLGA, 213, 300

Nominal dead load, 28, 196

Nominal failure strength, 28, 196

Normal distribution, 24, 25, 27

Nowak, A., 26

Nylon, 276

OOhta, T., 407, 412, 413

Ojio, 357, 360

Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code

(OHBDC), 12, 13, 15–20, 29–32, 38,

41, 42, 44, 117, 126–130, 132, 136, 138,

139, 141, 142, 198, 211, 212, 214, 220,

229, 239, 253

Ontario provincial standards specification

(OPSS), 212

Orthotropic plate, 36, 40–42, 51, 73, 74, 104–

114

PPama, R.P., 37, 42, 49, 51, 74, 103

PAN-based carbon fibres, 273

Panel, 173, 175–176

Parthenon, 401–405

Petrou, 149

Pinjarkar, S.G., 19

Plastic hinge, 244

PLATO, 51, 100, 109–114

PLATOIN, 101, 108, 110–112

Polypropylene, 276

Portage Creek Bridge, 299, 300

Prestress losses, 218–221

Probabilistic mechanics, 20–27

Proof test, 222, 346

PUNCH, 163–166, 168

Punching shear, 120–122

Pythagorean theorem, 400, 401

RRacine, 302

Reduction factor, 7, 9, 17–20, 30, 48, 250

Rehabilitation, 143, 154, 210, 211, 215, 274,

276, 286, 293–300, 326

Relieving slab, 259

Resistance factors, 17, 28–30, 197, 212, 243,

244, 249, 286, 289, 294, 295

Riel, L., 406, 407

Rise, 230, 231, 249, 252, 260, 266, 267

Rizkalla, 283

Rodin, 408, 409

Root, 91, 104, 143, 161, 171–176, 179–183

Rope, 272, 273, 286

Rowley, 359

SSafety index, 23–26

Salginatobel, 408–410

Salmon river bridge, 152–154

Sanders, W.W., Jr., 41

Sargent, D.D., 154

Scaled-down, 17, 233

Scott, 357

SECAN, 58, 90–102, 99–102, 110–114, 388

SECANIN, 91, 93, 99, 101, 110

Sen, R., 277, 278

Serviceability limit state (SLS), 27, 28, 243,

244, 274, 285, 288

Sexsmith, R.G., 16, 17

Shallow corrugations, 231, 234, 243, 250, 252,

253, 265

424 Index

Shear-weak grillages, 88–89

Shehata, E.F., 290

Sheikh, 298

Shoulder, 231

Sioux Narrows Bridge, 207

Smoothing, 382–385

Soil classification, 240, 247

Soil-steel bridges, 229, 231–234, 236,

239–241, 243, 244, 252, 256–265

Span, 27, 69, 93, 101, 172, 231, 378

Springline, 230, 231, 236, 250, 257, 260, 261,

264

Standard proctor density, 240, 256, 263

Steel-wood composite bridges, 221, 222

Stockton soil-steel bridge, 266

Strength analysis, 35

Stressed-log bridges, 222–225

Structural health monitoring (SHM), 279, 307,

352

Sundquist, 265

Sunniberg bridge, 411

Super●Cor®, 241, 242, 266, 267

Svecova, 300

Szerszen, 149

TTadros, G., 181, 283, 284, 407, 412

Taljsten, B., 293

Tariq, 290

Tavanasa, 408, 409

Taylor, R.J., 210, 211, 218

Telford, T., 404, 406

Tendon, 218, 223–225, 273, 277, 280–288, 295

Teng, J.G., 280, 295, 296

Tharmabala, T., 210, 221

Thickness ratio, 127, 173, 175, 176, 179, 183

Thrust beams, 260, 261

Timber, 30, 39, 42, 91, 207, 208, 213, 221,

222, 282, 286, 300, 303, 304, 343,

345

Timber stringer, 303, 304

Timoshenko, 101

Timusk, 298

Transverse direction, 231

Transverse flexural rigidity, 36, 56, 63, 66, 83,

101, 104

Transverse torsional rigidity, 36, 63, 69

83, 101

Two-girder bridge, 61–70, 62–65, 119, 120

UUltimate limit state (ULS), 27, 28, 30, 44–47,

213, 243, 244, 274, 287, 294–296

Unit weight, 244, 275

VVaslestad, 253, 260

Vehicle edge distance, 48, 61

Vehicle load, 2–20, 31, 32, 88, 117, 252

Ventura, 154

Vogel, 285

WWall, 143, 248–250, 259–261, 267, 358, 373

Walsh, H., 210, 218

Waterloo Creek Bridge, 153, 154

Weighing-in-motion (WIM), 355, 356, 359

Whitehorse Creek soil-steel structure, 267, 268

Williams, 256

Witecki, A.A., 4

Wysokowsky, 266

YYamada, 357, 360

Youn, 149

ZZnidaric, 356

Zuos, 408, 409

Index 425