247

AAcne Rosacea. See RosaceaAcroangiodermatitis, 15Actinic granuloma, 135–137Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis.

See Sweet’s syndromeAcute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

(AGEP), 28, 216, 218Allergic granulomatosis. See Churg−Strauss

syndromeAnaplastic large cell lymphoma

(ALCL), 87–88Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome,

112–113, 117Arthropod bite reactions, 88–91, 94Aspergillosis

clinical features, 225differential diagnosis, 226–227microscopic features, 225–226sample report, 232

Atopic dermatitis, 9Atrophie blanche, 111–112Auto-eczematization. See Id reactions

BBlastomyces dermatitidis, 218Blastomycosis, 218–222Bullous lupus erythematosus

clinical features, 173differential diagnosis, 173–174microscopic features, 173, 174

Bullous dermatitis, 2acantholysis, 157dermo-epidermal adhesion, 157–158intraepidermal vesicular dermatitis (see

Intraepidermal vesicular dermatitis)keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion, 157subepidermal vesicular dermatitis (see

Subepidermal vesicular dermatitis)

Bullous pemphigoidclinical features, 164differential diagnosis, 165, 167microscopic features

direct immunofluorescence, 164, 166indirect immunofluorescence

examination, 164–166subepidermal blister, 164, 165urticarial bullous

pemphigoid, 164, 166sample report, 182

CCalciphylaxis, 113–115, 118Candidiasis, 216–218Chilblains. See PerniosisCholesterol emboli, 113, 114Chondrodermatitis nodularis

helicis, 243–246Churg−Strauss syndrome, 90

clinical features, 104–105differential diagnosis, 106microscopic features, 105–106sample report, 117

Cicatricial pemphigoidclinical features, 168differential diagnosis, 169microscopic features, 168

Civatte bodies, 38Clinically mimic tumors

neoplasms, inflammatory disorderschondrodermatitis nodularis helicis,

243–245rosacea, 242–243

post inflammatory pigment alteration, 236–237

Coccidioides immitis, 221Coccidioidomycosis, 221–222Condyloma acuminatum, 209, 210, 231

Index

248 Index

Contact dermatitis, 9–10Corynebacterial infection

clinical features, 235differential diagnosis, 236microscopic features, 235

Coumadin necrosis, 110–111Crohn’s disease, 129Cryoglobulinemia

clinical features, 107differential diagnosis, 108microscopic features, 107–108

Cryptococcus neoformans, 220, 221Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis.

See Leukocytoclastic vasculitisCutaneous mastocytosis

clinical features, 78differential diagnosis, 79–80as invisible dermatosis, 241microscopic features, 79, 80sample reports, 92–93Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, 108–109

DDarier’s and Grovers’s disease, 161, 162Dermal hypersensitivity reaction, 90–91, 241Dermatitis herpetiformis

clinical features, 170–171differential diagnosis, 172–173microscopic features, 171–172sample report, 183

Dermatofibroma, 138Dermatomyositis, 52–54, 64Dermatophyte infection, 241

clinical features, 211–212differential diagnosis, 215–216microscopic features

epidermis, 212fungal hyphae, 212–213histologic feature, 212onychomycosis, 214sandwich sign, 213tinea capitis, 213–214

Diffuse dermatitis. See Nodular and diffuse dermatitis

Dyshidrotic eczema, 11

EEczematous dermatitides

atopic dermatitis, 9contact dermatitis, 9–10differential diagnosis, 12–13dyshidrotic eczema, 11eczematous drug reactions, 11

Id reactions, 11nummular dermatitis, 10–11sample reports, 17–18

Eczematous drug reactions, 11Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

clinical features, 176–177differential diagnosis, 177–178microscopic features, 177, 178sample report, 183–184

Erythema annulare centrifugum, 73–74, 91

Erythema induratum. See Nodular vasculitisErythema multiforme, 47–49, 62–63Erythema nodosum (EN)

clinical features, 186–187differential diagnosis, 189–190microscopic features

early lesion, 187, 188Miescher’s granuloma, 189septal panniculitis, 187well-developed lesion, 187, 188

sample reports, 200

FFactitial panniculitis, 197, 199Fixed drug eruption, 43–45Follicle center cell lymphoma, 121Fungal infections

aspergillosis (see Aspergillosis)blastomycosis, 218–222candidiasis, 216–218coccidioidomycosis, 221–222cryptococcosis, 220–221dermatophyte infection

(see Dermatophyte infection)mucormycosis (see Mucormycosis)sporotrichosis, 223–224, 231

GGraft vs. host disease (GVHD)

clinical features, 54–55differential diagnosis, 56–57microscopic features, 55–56sample reports, 65

Granuloma annulareclinical subtypes, 133–134microscopic features, 134–137sample report, 142

Grover’s disease, 157, 161–163, 181, 182Guttate psoriasis

clinical features, 26differential diagnosis, 26–27microscopic features, 26, 27

249Index

HHailey-Hailey disease, 161Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP),

100–101, 116Human papillomavirus infections

clinical features, 206–207differential diagnosis, 209–211microscopic features, 207–209

IId reactions, 11Inflammatory dermatoses

dermal patterns, 1–2diagnosis, 2–3epidermal patterns, 1microscopic description, 2–3report comment, 2–3

Interface dermatitisfixed drug eruption, 43–45, 61–62lichen planus

atrophic and hypertrophic lichen planus, 39–40

Civatte bodies, 38clinical features, 37differential diagnosis, 41–42direct immuno-fluorescence

findings, 40–41oral lichen planus, 40–41sample report, 60satellite cell necrosis, 38, 39

lichenoid drug eruption, 42–43, 61perivascular infiltrate

dermatomyositis, 52–54Erythema multiforme,

Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, 47–49

GVHD (see Graft vs. host disease)lupus erythematosus, 49–52morbilliform drug eruption, 45–46pityriasis lichenoides, 57–60

Interstitial granulomatous drug eruptions, 137Intraepidermal vesicular dermatitispemphigus vulgarisclinical features, 159

differential diagnosis, 161–162microscopic features, 159–161sample report, 181

schematic representation, 157, 158

LLangerhans cell microabscess, 9, 10Leishmaniasis, 227–229

Leukocytoclastic vasculitisclinical features, 97differential diagnosis, 99–100microscopic features, 98–99sample report, 115–116schematic representation, 98

Lichen aureus and Majocchi disease, 74–76Lichen planus

atrophic and hypertrophic lichen planus, 39–40

Civatte bodies, 38clinical features, 37differential diagnosis, 41–42direct immuno-fluorescence findings,

40–41oral lichen planus, 40–41sample report, 60satellite cell necrosis, 38, 39

Lichen sclerosusclinical features, 151differential diagnosis, 154

early lichen sclerosus, 151plasmacytosis mucosae, 151–153

microscopic features, 152early lichen sclerosus, 152epidermis, 151, 152late stage lichen sclerosus, 153

sample reports, 154–155Lichen simplex chronicus

and prurigo nodularisclinical features, 30differential diagnosis, 32–33microscopic features, 30, 31sample reports, 34vertical streaking, 31

Lichenoid drug eruption, 42–43Linear IgA disease

clinical features, 174–175differential diagnosis, 175–176microscopic features, 175, 176sample report, 183

Lipodermatosclerosis, 192–194, 201Livedoid vasculopathy.

See Atrophie blancheLöfgren syndrome, 187Lupus erythematosus

clinical features, 49–50differential diagnosis, 52, 53microscopic features, 50–51sample reports, 63–64

Lupus erythematosus panniculitis, 194, 201Lupus pernio, 127Lymphomatoid papulosis

CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, 84

250 Index

clinical features, 84differential diagnosis, 86–87microscopic features, 85–86sample reports, 94

MMarginal zone B-cell

lymphomas, 121–122Microphthalmia transcription factor

(MITF), 239Microscopic polyangiitis, 106–107Miescher’s radial granulomas, 187Molluscum contagiosum, 203–204Morbilliform drug eruption

clinical features, 45, 69differential diagnosis, 46, 72microscopic features, 45–46, 71sample report, 62, 91

Morphea/scleroderma, 241clinical features, 145microscopic features

deep morphea, 149early morphea, 145, 146perivascular infiltrate, 147, 148square-biopsy sign, 147,1 48well-developed morphea, 146, 147

sample reports, 154Mucormycosis

clinical features, 224differential diagnosis, 225microscopic features, 224–225sample report, 232

Mycosis fungoides, 12, 13

NNecrobiosis lipoidica

clinical features, 138differential diagnosis, 140, 141microscopic features, 138–140sample report, 143

Necrobiotic collagen, 134, 138, 139Nodular and diffuse dermatitis

granuloma facialeclinical features, 125differential diagnosis, 125, 127microscopic features, 125–127sample report, 131

reactive lymphoid hyperplasiaclinical features, 119differential diagnosis, 121–123microscopic features, 120–122sample report, 130

sarcoidosisclinical features, 127differential diagnosis, 129–130microscopic features, 127–129sample report, 131

schematic representation, 120Sweet’s syndrome

clinical features, 123differential diagnosis, 124–125microscopic features, 123–124sample report, 130

Nodular vasculitis, 190–192, 200Nummular dermatitis, 10–11

PPalisading granulomatous dermatitis

granuloma annulareclinical subtypes, 133–134differential diagnosis, 135–137microscopic features, 134–137sample report, 142

necrobiosis lipoidicaclinical features, 138differential diagnosis, 140–141microscopic features, 138–140sample report, 143

rheumatoid noduleclinical features, 140differential diagnosis, 141, 142microscopic features, 141, 142sample report, 143

schematic representation, 134Palmoplantar dermatitis. See Dyshidrotic

eczemaPanniculitis, 2

artifactual panniculitisclinical features, 196–197differential diagnosis, 199microscopic features, 197–199sample reports, 201–202

erythema nodosum (EN)clinical features, 186–187differential diagnosis, 189–190microscopic features, 187–189sample reports, 200

lipodermatosclerosis, 192–194, 201lupus panniculitis

clinical features, 194differential diagnosis, 196microscopic features, 194–195sample report, 201

nodular vasculitis, 190–192, 200septal vs. lobular patterns, 185, 186

251Index

Papillary microabscesses, 171Pautrier’s microabscess, 9, 13Pemphigoid (herpes) gestationis

clinical features, 169differential diagnosis, 170microscopic features, 169–170sample report, 182–183

Pemphigus vulgaris. See Intraepidermal vesicular dermatitis

Perivascular dermatitisanaplastic large cell lymphoma

(ALCL), 87–88arthropod bite reactions, 88–90, 94cutaneous mastocytosis, 78–81, 92–93dermal hypersensitivity reaction, 90–91erythema annulare centrifugum, 73–74, 91lymphomatoid papulosis, 84–87, 94morbilliform drug eruption, 69–72, 91perniosis, 82–84, 93pigmented purpuric dermatoses, 74–77, 92PMLE, 81–82, 93urticaria, 77–78, 92viral exanthems, 72

Perniosis, 82–84, 93Pigmented purpuric dermatoses, 74–77, 92Pityriasis lichenoides

clinical features, 57–58differential diagnosis, 58–60microscopic features, 58, 59PLEVA and PLC sample reports, 65–66

Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC)clinical features, 57–58differential diagnosis, 58–60microscopic features, 58, 59vs. pityriasis rosea, 66

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA)

differential diagnosis, 58–60vs. erythema multiforme, 65–66microscopic features, 58, 59vs. lymphomatoid papulosis, 65–66vs. Pityriasis rosea, 66

Pityriasis rosea, 16–18Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP)

clinical features, 29differential diagnosis, 30follicular plugging, 29microscopic features, 29parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis, 25

Pityrosporum folliculitis, 215Plasmacytosis mucosae, 151–153Polyarteritis nodosa, 108–109Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE),

81–82, 93

Pompholyx dermatitis. See Dyshidrotic eczemaPorphyria cutanea tarda

clinical features, 179differential diagnosis, 180microscopic features, 179–180sample report, 184

Post inflammatory pigment alteration, 236–237, 245

PRP. See Pityriasis rubra pilarisPseudoporphyria, 180–181, 184Psoriasiform dermatitis, 8, 18

guttate psoriasisclinical features, 26differential diagnosis, 26–27microscopic features, 26, 27

lichen simplex chronicus and prurigo nodularis

clinical features, 30differential diagnosis, 30–32microscopic features, 30, 31sample reports, 34vertical streaking, 30, 31

nummular dermatitis, sample report, 33–34

PRPclinical features, 29differential diagnosis, 30follicular plugging, 29–30microscopic features, 29

psoriasis vulgaris, 26clinical features, 22eczematous dermatitis, 24microscopic features, 22–24pityriasis rubra pilaris, 25psoriasiform keratosis, 25seborrheic dermatitis, 24, 25stratum corneum like psoriasis, 24, 25

pustular psoriasisclinical features, 27differential diagnosis, 28–29microscopic features, 27–28

Psoriasiform keratosis, 25Psoriasis vulgaris

clinical features, 22eczematous dermatitis, 24microscopic features, 22–24pityriasis rubra pilaris, 25psoriasiform keratosis, 25seborrheic dermatitis, 24, 25stratum corneum like psoriasis, 24, 25

Pustular psoriasisclinical features, 27differential diagnosis, 28–29microscopic features, 27–28

252 Index

RRaynaud’s phenomenon, 145Rheumatoid nodule

clinical features, 141differential diagnosis, 141, 142microscopic features, 141, 142sample report, 143

Rosacea, 242–243, 246

SSarcoidosis

clinical features, 127differential diagnosis, 129–130microscopic features, 127–129sample report, 131

Sarcoptes scabei, 229Satellite cell necrosis, 38, 55Scabies

clinical features, 229differential diagnosis, 230microscopic features, 229–230

Schamberg’s disease. See Pigmented purpuric dermatoses

Sclerosing dermatitislichen sclerosus (see Lichen sclerosus)morphea/scleroderma

(see Morphea/scleroderma)Sclerosing panniculitis. See

LipodermatosclerosisSebo-psoriasis, 24Spongiotic dermatitis

acute spongiotic dermatitis, 5–7chronic spongiotic dermatitis, 8eczematous dermatitides

atopic dermatitis, 9contact dermatitis, 9–10differential diagnosis, 12–13dyshidrotic eczema, 11eczematous drug reactions, 11Id reactions, 11nummular dermatitis, 10–11sample reports, 17–18

pityriasis rosea, 16–17, 18reaction pattern, 5, 6stasis dermatitis, 13–15, 18subacute spongiotic dermatitis, 7vesicular dermatophytosis, 17vs. psoriasiform pattern, 8, 19

Sporothrix schenckii, 223Sporotrichosis, 223–224, 231Squamous cell carcinoma, 243, 244Square biopsy sign, 146, 148, 149

Stasis dermatitisclinical features, 13differential diagnosis, 15microscopic features, 13–14sample report, 18

Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS), 47–49Subcutaneous panniculitic-like T-cell

lymphoma (SPTCL), 196Subepidermal vesicular dermatitis

little to no inflammationepidermolysis bullosa acquisita,

176–178porphyria cutanea tarda, 179–180pseudoporphyria, 180–181

predominantly eosinophilsbullous pemphigoid, 164–167cicatricial pemphigoid, 168–169pemphigoid (herpes) gestationis,

169–170predominantly neutrophils

bullous lupus erythematosus, 173–174dermatitis herpetiformis, 170–173linear IgA disease, 174–176

schematic representation, 157, 158Sweet’s syndrome

clinical features, 123differential diagnosis, 124–125microscopic features, 123–124sample report, 130

TT-cell lymphomas, 122Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans

(TMEP), 79, 80Thrombotic disorders. See Vasculitis and

thrombotic disordersTinea. See Dermatophyte infectionTinea versicolor

clinical features, 233differential diagnosis, 234–235microscopic features, 234

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 47–49, 62–63Transient acantholytic dermatosis

clinical features, 162differential diagnosis, 163–164microscopic features, 162–163sample report, 181–182

UUrticaria, 77–78, 92, 241Urticarial vasculitis, 101–102

253Index

VVasculitis and thrombotic disorders

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 112–113

atrophie blanche, 111–112calciphylaxis, 113–115cholesterol emboli, 113, 114Churg-Strauss syndrome, 104–106coumadin necrosis, 110–111cryoglobulinemia, 107–108cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, 108–109Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), 100–101hypercoagulable states, 117leukocytoclastic vasculitis

clinical features, 97differential diagnosis, 99–100microscopic features, 98–99sample report, 115–116

microscopic polyangiitis, 106–107urticarial vasculitis, 101–102vaso-occlusive disease, 109Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), 102–104

Vaso-occlusive disease, 109Verruca Plantaris, 207, 208, 210, 231Vesicular dermatophytosis, 17

Viral exanthems, 72Viral infections

herpesvirus infectionsclinical features, 204–205differential diagnosis, 205–206microscopic features, 205, 206

human papillomavirus infectionsclinical features, 206–207differential diagnosis, 209–211microscopic features, 207–209

Molluscum contagiosum, 203–204Vitiligo

clinical features, 238differential diagnosis, 239microscopic features, 238–239

WWegener’s granulomatosis (WG)

clinical features, 102–103differential diagnosis, 103–104microscopic features,

103, 104sample report, 116

Well’s syndrome, 90