Index

A vitamin, see Hypervitaminosis Abortion, 80

from abruptio placentae, 86 defined, 192 and infectious agents, 201 in New York City, 131 psychogenic, 205 reruITent, 209 spontaneous, 195-198

in wild monkeys, 130-131 Absorption

of acid, weak, 40 of base, 40 of drug, 36, 39

Acetaminophen, 54, 71 Acetazolanide, 140 2-Acetylaminofluorene, 47 Acetylation, 50 Acetyl Co-A transferase, 51 Acetylsalicylic acid, 140 Achondroplasia, 133 Acid bisazo dye, 181, 182 Adenosis, 123 Age, maternal, 294 Agenesis, 19

caudal,20 radial,245

Albumin, 158 labeled, 175 plasma, 62 serum, 56

Alcohol, oxidative mechanisms, 49-51 Alport's disease, 21 Amelia, 245 Amidase, 49 Amine, aromatic, 53 p-Aminohippuric acid, 54 6-Aminonicotinamide, 13

inducing cleft palate, 13-15

325

Aminopterin, 203 Aminopyrine laurate, 65 Amnion nodosum, 93-96 Amniotic fluid, 93 Amphetamine, 53 Amputation, hereditary, 133 Analysis, genetic, 5-8 Anencephaly, 24, 96, 139, 23.3,250-

253, 256,259, 260, 265-269, 277

epidemiology of, 253 Anhidrosis with anodontia, 133 Anodontia with anhidrosis, 133 Anomaly, 80-96

chromosomal, 207-209 congenital,233-234

Antagonism of synalbumin, 20 Antibody, 181

of sheep against rat yolk sac, 177 Aorta, coarctation, 299 Aplasia, 90

of certain organs, 123-124 Arene oxide, 51 Armadillo, nine-banded, 91

quadruplets, 24 Artery, great

malformation, 295-299 single, umbilical, 89-92, 98

Arthritis, rheumatoid, 234 Ascertainment, 232-233 Aspiration pneumonia, 99 Atherosis, 110-111 Atresia

duodenal, 96 esophageal, 309

Attributes demographic, 276-283 interactions, 274-276

Azo, mechanism of reduction, 49

326 INDEX

Baboon, 192 Backcross, 4, 5, 10, 17 Bacterial infection, 99-100

and abortion, 201 Band,annllotic, 80, 82 Barrier

blood-brain, 41 placental, 157-159

Beagle, 138 Bed, capillary, 41 3,4-Benzpyrene, 65 Binding, reversible, of drug, 55-63 Birth defect

British Columbia health surveillance registry, 232-237

Finnish register, 237 genetic register, 240 groups of, 309-310 registry, 227-230 risk register, 239-240 surveillance, 230-232, 238-239 Swedish register, 238

Birth prevalence in different periods, 255-258 seasonal, 255 secular, 255

Birth rank, 307-308 Blastocyst, 85, 87, 160, 162-165, 168

abnormal chromosome in animals, 134,207 Blindness, 234 Blue-tongue virus, 217

vaccine, 102 Breech birth, 304 Breeding experiments, 218 Breus mole, 98, 199 British Columbia registry, 232-237 Bromobenzene, 71 Brucella, 99, 199 Brucellosis, 99

Candida infection, 99 congenital, 100

Cannibalism, maternal, 132 Carbon monoxide, 203 Carbon tetrachloride, A2, 71 Carbonic anhydrase, 56 Carboxylic acid, 51 Cardiovascular system, 233 Carisoprodol, 53 Carnivora, Placental transfer in, 165-167 Cat, 138, 145 Cattle, 134, 207

twin, 108 white heifer disease, 203

Causation, genetic, see Genetic causation Cavity, uterine, escape of fetus into, 82

Central nervous system, 120-122 Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 134 Chimerism, 108-109 Chlamydia, 99, 202 Chorangioma, 93-96 Chorionic sac in human, 195 Chorionic villus, and degeneration of human

abortus, 200 Chlorobenzene, 71 Chlorpromazine, 65 Chorioamnionitis, 99 Cholera, 102 Chorangioma, 79,80, 96 Chorangiosis, 96 Chromosome

aberration, 134-135 abnormality, 97-98,206-209 error, 97, 207, 208 sex, 135

Circulatory system, 120-122 Circummargination, 84 Circumvallation, 85-87 Clearance, 61 Cleft lip, 23, 139, 290-294

family pattern, 290 high rate among North American Indians, 235 in mouse, 23

Cleft, oral, 233,289-295,310 cleft lip, 290-294 cleft palate, 294-295

Cleft palate, 5-15, 133, 139, 294-295 family pattern, 290, 295 high rate among North American Indians, induced, 13-15

by cortisone treatment of the mother, 5-J3

by stress, 26 Clomiphene, 204 Clubfoot, 233, 234, 300-302 CMV, see Cytomegalovirus Coagulation, prenatal, 108-109

intravascular, 109 Coarction of aorta, 299 Cobaltous chloride, 52 Coccidioidomycosis of the placenta, 100 Competence, proliferative persistence of, 125 Complex of drug-protein, 56 Compound, foreign, as a reactive metabolite

causing tissue damage, 71 Conception

evaluation of products, 193-200 season of, 279

Conceptus abnormal,192 failure of host to reject, 205

Concordance complete, 297 partial, 297

Confidentiality, 235 Conjugation, 50 Cord, umbilical, 87-93

abnormal, 88 in twins, 89

insertion of, 87-89 velamentous, 87

length of, 93 vessels, 89-93

Corpora lutea, 189 Cortisone, 5-13

in mouse, 5-13 Counseling, genetic, 217, 237 Coxsackie virus, 100 Craniorachischisis, 252 Cross, reciprocal, 4, 9-11, 17

between inbred strains, 10 Cytochrome P448, 52

P-450, 47,49,51-54,64,65,66,71 enzymes, 41-47

Cytomegalovirus, 100, 101, 202 Cytoplasm, maternal effects, 3-33

with inbred strains of mice, 5-18

Deafness, 234 N-Dea1kylation,47-48 Death, prenatal, 106 Defect

cardiac, 298-299 endocardial cushion, 299 miscellaneous, 308-309 neural tube, 250-283, 308 single gene, 133-134 types of, 297 ventricular septal, 233, 299

Deficiency selenium in sheep, 205 sulfatase, placental, 96 vitamin A in swine, 205 vitamin E in rat, 205

Deformity congenital positional foot, 300-302 limb reduction, 309

Desipramine, 40, 54 Desmethylimipramine,65 Development

abnormal fetal ear, 28 characteristics in mammals, 119-123 placental, 103-105

Diabetes, 96 alloxan-induced,21 maternal, 19-21

INDEX 327

Diabetes (cont'd) mellitus and congenital malformation, 19-21

p..Diethylaminoethyldiphenylpropylacetate,51 Differences

in metabolism of hexobarbital, 53 in mode of development, 123

by sex, 53-54 by strain, 53-54

of species, 52-53, 119 Diffusion, passive, 40 Digestion products, transmitted to embryo,

176-177 Digestive system, 120-122 Dihydrodiol, 50 Dimethylaniline, N-demethylation of, 48 Diphenylhydantoin, placental transfer, 125 Disease, in general, 222, 296-297, also see

separate diseases Disabilities, ten most frequent, 234 Dislocation, congenital, 233 Disorder, genetic, 205-206 Distribution of drug in body, 36,41,56-58 Disturbance of speech, 234 DNA, mitochondrial, 23, 24 Dog, main determinants of fetal growth, 112 Donnan equilibrium, 158 Down syndrome, 20,108,135,233,236,260,

284-289,309 and age of mother, 284, 288

Drosophila melanogaster, 28 Drug

absorption, 35, 38-40 factors affecting, 39-40 pharmacokinetic models, 38-39 rate of, 38

clearance, 60 concentration in maternal plasma, 35-78 distribution, 41-42 elimination (excretion) of hypothetical

drugs, 66-70 excretion, urinary, 42-43, 54-55, 58-60,63-

64 fetal metabolism of, 64-66

enzymes of, 70-71 excretion, urinary, 63-64

hypothetical,66-70 lipid-soluble, 43 metabolism, 43-54

alcohol oxidation, 49-51 concepts, 43-44 conjugation reactions, 50 cytochrome P-450 enzymes, 41-47 N-dealkylation, 47-48 hydroxylation, aromatic, 48 induction of microsomal enzymes, 52, 54

328 INDEX

Drug (cant 'd) metabolism (cont'd)

inhibition, 51-52 patterns, 54 phase-l reaction, 41-51 phase-2 reaction, 51 variations, 52-54

sex differences, 53-54 species differences, 52-53 strain differences, 53-54

patterns, 54 placental transport, 63, 66-70 plasma concentration of, 35-78 reversible binding, 55-63 transport, placental, 63, 66-70

Duct, dorsal, 124 Dysgenesis, hybrid in Drosophila melanogaster,

28 Dysraphism, spinal, 268 Dystrophy

congenital, 22-23 early onset myotonic, 22-23 nyotonic, congenital, 22-23

Ectoplacenta of embryonic trophoblast, 164 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 133-134 Elimination, fetal, 63-70 Embryo

coagulopathy, 109 form anomalies, 80-96 infection

bacterial, 99-100 fungal, 99-100 viral, 100-102

placental pathology and, 79-115 polyploid, 209 region, 172 rib fusion, 27 transfers, 9-12, 26, 27

Embryology, comparative, 119-129 development in mammals, 119-123 fetal membrane, 125-127 preimplementation, 9 proliferative competence, 125

Embryotoxicity, 17 Embryotroph, origin of, 156 Enamel organ, 125 Encephalocele, 252 Endocervicitis, chronic, 99 Endocrine system, 120-122 Endocytic index, 175 Endocytosis, 174 Enzyme

hepatic, 60-63

Enzyme (cont'd) microsomal, 52, 54 nonspecific, 43

Epidemiology, studies of advantages, 220-221 limitations, 219-220 methods, 215-218 of pregnancy wastage, 189-212 strategy, 245-250

correlative study, 246-249 descriptive study, 245-246 intervention study, 249-250

Epilepsy, 234 Epoxide hydratase, 48, 51, 52 Error, genetic

chromosome abnormality, 97-98 inborn error of metabolism, 96-97

Esterase, 49 Estrogen, 203, 204 Ethylmorphine, 65 l-Ethyl-l-nitrosourea, 17,24

and embryotoxicity, 17 Excretion, urinary, 42-43

by fetus, 63-64 rate affected by binding, 58-60

Excretory system, 120-122 Exomphalos, 260, 309 Exstrophy, cloacal, 263 Extraction ratio, 61

of kidney, 59 Eye, 217

Factors endocrine, 203-204 nutritional, 204-205 physical, 203 psychogenic, 205

Fallot, tetralogy, 298 Ferret, 181 Fetus papyraceous, etiology of, 105-106 Fick constant, 157 Finnish register, 237 Fistula, tracheoesophageal, 309 Flip-flop model, 38 5-Fluorouracil, 140 Foot deformity positional, 310 Freemartinism, 108-109

in cattle, 109 Fructose, 158 Fungus, 202

and abortion, 201 infection, 99-100 mutation, cytoplasmic inheritance for, 24

Furosemide, 71

Fusion of rib, salicylate-induced, 27 vertebral, 14

Gangliosidosis, 97 Gastritis, 99 Gastrulation, 160, 162, 168 Gene

errors, 96-98 fused,21 hairpintail, 21

Genetic analysis, 5-8 causation of defects, 133-135

Genotype, effect of teratogen on, 139 Gestation, ectopic tubal, 109 Globulin, 56, 158 Glucocorticoid, 8-9 Glucose, 158

crosses placental barrier, 159 tolerance test for, 20

Glucosuria, insulin-resistant mutant, 21 Glucuronidation, 50, 65 Glucuronyl transferase, 51, 52 Glutathione, 48 Glutathione transferase, 51 Glycine and conjugation, 50 Golden hamster, see Hamster Gonadotropin, induces ovulation, 206 Gonorrhea, 109, 110 Growth

fetal, 112-113 postnatal, 128-129 retardation, 11 0-113

due to abruptio placentae, 11 0-111 due to preeclampsia, 11 0

Guinea pig, 138

Hamster, golden, 138, 145,207 Hearing, impaired, 234 Heart

disease, congenital, 296-297, 310 malformation, 295-299

Hemangioma, 92 Hemicardiac, 108 Hemolytic disease of the newborn, 264 Hemotroph, 157 Hepatitis, 236

neonatal, 102 Hepatocyte, 61 Hernia, diaphragmatic, 309 Herniation, 86 Herpes virus, 101 Hexobarbital, 65

Hip joint deformity, positional, 310 dislocation, 302-305 instability, 302-305

Histidinemia, 21, 22, 27 Histiotroph, 156

macromolecular, 160, 162 Horse, 112 Horseradish peroxidase, 173, 174 Huntington's disease, 21 Hydramnios, 105-106 Hydrocephaly, congenital, 308 Hypoplasia, left ventricular, 299 Hydroxylation, aromatic, 47-48 Hydroxyurea, 140 Hypertrophy, placental, 112 Hypervitaminosis A, 140 Hypospadia, 233, 299-300, 310

INDEX

Hypothesis of polygenic inheritance, 270-272, 292

Hypotrichosis, 133 Hypoxia, chronic, 111-112

Imipramine, 54 metabolic pathway, 46

Impairment, reproductive, 16 Incompatibility, immunologic, 205

Rh disease, 205 Indians, North American, 235 Infection, 99-102, 200-202

bacterial, 99-100 fungal, 99-100 viral, 100-102

Influenza, 293 Inheritance, cytoplasmic, 4, 14,23-24

extrachromosomal, 23 polygenic, 270

Insertion, velamentous, of umbilical cord, 88 Instability of hip joint, 302-305 Insufficiency, placental, 110

causing fetal death, 178 Insulin, 70

as teratogen, 21 Integumentary system, 120-122 Interaction of space and time, 276 Interdependence of placental transport and

elimination, 66-70 Interpretation of unexplained combinations, 261 Iproniazid, 71 Irradiation, 141

prenatal effects, 141 Isoniazid, 71

Jacobson's organ, involution of, 124

329

330 INDEX

Japanese, 253 Jews,253,254,266,267

Karyotype, abnormal, 285 Kidney, 63,65

Lagomorpha, 163-165 placental transfer in, 163-165

Legg-Perthe's disease, 236 Leptospirosis, 99, 202 Leukemia, 260 Lip, cleft, see Cleft lip Lipid-soluble compounds, 42 Listeria monocytogenes, 100, 199,202 Listerosis, see Listeria Locoweed, 203 Loss, prenatal, 190-191

Macaca mulatta, 130 Macromolecule

are binding drugs in hepatocytes, 61 digestion of, 173-176 endocytosis of, 173

Malformations, 283-311 in animals, 133,220,221 of artery, 295-299 case-control studies, 217 cause unknown in humans, 138-139 congenital, 19-21, 221

classification of, 219 epidemics due to viruses, 218 frequency, 243-324

multiple, 260 genetic, 133 of heart, 295-299 induced by environment, 139-146 interactions, 277-283 multifactorial origin, 136-139 occurrence, patterns of, 269 spontaneous, 136-139

Marmoset, 169 Marshland abortion syndrome, 203 Maternal effects, 3-33

age, 288 and cleft lip, spontaneous, 23 in human teratogenesis, 18-21

diabetes mellitus, 19-21 phenylketonuria,19-21

measurement, 12-13 mutant, 21-23

histidinemia in mouse, 21-22 reproductive capacity and X-irradiation, 15-

16 after X-irradiation, 15-16

"Matroclinous" difference, 14 Measles virus, 131 Meat, cured, intake, 281-282 Medicine, comparative, 222 Membrane

extraembryonic, 155, 161, 166, 168, 181-183 fetal, 125-127,156,178 plasma, 41

Meningomyelocele, 263 MEOS, see Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing sys­

tem Mesoderm, 160, 164 Metabolism

of drugs fetal, 64-66 hepatic,61 inhibition, 51-52 pathway, general, 44 pattern, 54 variation, 52-54

inborn errors of, 96-97 indicator of imbalance, 20

Metaplasia, squamous;95 Metatarsus varus, 300, 301 Methotrexate, 140 Methylation, 50, 51 Methylazomethanol acetate, 140 3-Methylcholanthrene, 54 Methylmercury, 143

embryotoxicity, 144-145 teratogenicity, 144-145

Methylprednisolone, 40 Microspore in tissue cells, 41 Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system(MEOS),

49 Microsome, hepatic, 65 Mineral intake, 282-283 Miscarriage studies, 277-279

rates, 272, 276, 277, 279 Mitomycin C, 141, 142 Model, pharmacokinetic, 38-39

flip-flop, 38 Monkey, see different species Monosomy X, 98 Monster, acardiac, 106 Morphogenesis,modeso~ 124 Mouse, 17-18, 134, 136, 145, 207

embryonic death, 129 histidinemia, 21-22 inbred strains, 5-18

recombinant, 17-18 Musculoskeletal system, 120-122 Mustine hydrochloride, 128, 179,180,182

as teratogen, 182

Mutation, 21-23, 133,206 dominant lethal, 206

Mycoplasma hominis. 202

NADPH cytochrome c reductase, 49, 52, 65

Naphthalene, 48 epoxide,48

N eoprontosil, 49 Neural tube defects, 250-283

age, 264-266 blood group, 264 parity, 264-266 place, 250-255 plurality, 259 race, 250-255 sex, 259 trends, 256-258

Nicotinamide, 13 Nipple, 124 Niridazole, 49 p-Nitroanisole, 65 p-Nitrobenzoic acid, 49 Nitrofuran, 49 Nitrofurazone, .66 Nitroquinoline N-oxide, 49 Nomenclature standard

of human diseases and operations, 219 of veterinary diseases and operations, 219

Nutrition embryonic, 177 hemotrophic, 157 histiotrophic,157,172,177,179,182

Oligohydramnios, 93-96 Oophorectomy, 204 Organ

enamel,125 hemophagous, 166, 167 Jacobson's, 124 paraplacental, 126 sense, 120-122

Organogenesis, 119 Otitis, 99 Ovary, 125 Ovum

blighted, 207 fertilized and lost, 129, 130, 132

N-Oxidase, 47

PAH, see p-Aminohippuric acid Palate, cleft, see Cleft palate Paralysis, cerebral, 234 Patent ductus arteriosus, 233, 297-298, 310

Patroclinous reciprocal cross, 14 Pattern of family, two hypotheses, 270 Pea, canned, intake, 281-282 Penicillin, 70 Phenobarbital, 52, 54, 66 Phenol, 48, 51 Phenylacetic acid, 53 Phenylazopyridine, 49 Phenylbutazone, 40 Phenylketonuria(PKU), 18-19

maternal, 19 Phocomelia, 245 Pig, 134, 167,207

fetal relationship in, 169

INDEX 331

highest risk of congenital defects, 138 placental transmission, 168

Piperonyl butoxide, 51 Placenta

abru ptio, 11 0-111 at altitude, high, III amino acids cross by active transport in

human, 158 changes during pregnancy, 126 chorioallantoic, true, 165

endotheliochorial,167 circumvallate hypoplastic, 199 coccidiomycosis, 100 cumulate, 156 detachment, premature, 110-111 development, 125-127, 171-172 diffusion, passive, 63 diseases of, 79 drug

concentration, 35-78 transport, 63

erythritol absent in human, 100 of ferret, 165 glucose crosses human, 158 Grosser's classification of mammalian, 126 of guinea pig, 162

divisible, three stages, 163 hypertrophy, 96 hypoxia, chronic, 111-112 insufficiency, 80 lacking one artery, 79 lesions of, 98 of macaque, 170 in multiple pregnancy, 103-105 pathology and embryo, 79-115

and fetus, 79-115 chorangioma, 93-96 cord vessels, 89-93 extraamniotic placentation, 80-87 extrachorial placentation, 80-87

332 INDEX

Placenta (cant'd) pathology and embryo (cant'd)

and fetus (cant'd)

insertion, velamentous, of umbilical cord,87-89

oligohydramnios, 93-96 polyhydramnios, 93-96 separation, nontoxic, III

part of the fetus, 79 percreta, 109 pinocytosis, 63 of rabbit, 163 reflects the diseases of the mother, 79 transport, active, in human, 63, 158

Placentation extraamniotic,80-87 extrachorial, 80-87

Plasma, fetal, and drugs, 63 Plurality in pregnancy, 259 Pneumonia in neonatal obstructive aspiration, 99 Poliomyelitis, 100 Polydactyly, 133

postaxial, 139,309 Polygenic inheritance, hypothesis of, 270-

272,292 Polyhydramnios, 93-96 Polypeptide, 158 Polyploidy, 207-209 Ponies, see Shetland ponies Potter's syndrome, 83, 84, 94 Preeclampsia, 110, 111 Pregnancy

abdominal, 109 abortion, recurrent, 209 chromosome abnormality, 206-209 community-wide study of the island of

Kauai,Hawaii,131 conception products, 193-200 and drug, 203 extrauterine, 109-110

membranous, 84 factors

endocrine, 203-204 immunologic, 205 nutritional, 204-205 physical, 203

gene disorder, 205-206 infection, 200-202 multiple, 103-109

placenta in, 103-105 and toxin, 203 tubal, 109-11 0 wastage, 129-152, 189-212

causes, 200-209

Pregnancy (cant'd) wastage (cant'd)

detection, 189-212 evaluation, 189-212

Pregnanediol, 204 Primates, nonhuman, 137-138

high,169-170 lower, 170 placental transfer, 169-172

Procaine, 65 Progesterone, 204 Progress, morphogenetic, 124 Protein

dexamethasone-binding, 26 plasma, 59-61 serum, 63, 158

Protozoa and abortion, 201 Puncture, amniotic, causes cleft palate, 9

Rabbit, 134, 137, 164,165,207 Rat, 136-137, 144

determinants of fetal growth, 112 mustine-treated, 180

Recombinant inbred strain, 17-18 Register, 229

Edinburgh, rapid, 240 Finnish,237 genetic, 240 risk, 239-240

Registration, compulsory of chronic disease, 228 implies legislation, 228

Registry, 227-230 definition, 227 Swedish, an early warning system, 238

Regression method, 275 caudal, 19 linear probit, 12

Reproductive capacity, 15 of irradiated female mice, 15-16

Reproductive system, 120-122 Resorption, 194 Respiratory system, 120-122 Retardation

of growth, 110-113 mental, 19, 22, 234

Retinoic acid, 140 Rh blood group, 264 Rhesus monkey, 112, 169, 192 Rib fusion, 27 Risks, relative, 247 Rodent

histricomorph, 162-163 myomorph,160-162

Rubella, 100,102,202,255 and cataract, prevalence of, 249

Rubella virus, 102, 143 Rupture of amnion, 92

Salpingitis, 109 Sensitivity, sex-linked embryonic, 12 Septicemia, 99 Sex, 259

correlations, 284-285 difference, 53-54

Sheep, 112 Shetland ponies, 112 Sikh, 253, 254, 267 Smoker, heavy, and loss of pregnancy, 203 Sodium salicylate, 26 Space, endometrial, competition for, 104 Speech disturbance, 234 Spin. a bifida, 24, 133, 233, 250-256, 259,277

epidemiology, 253 with hydrocephaly, 260 occulta, 268

Stenosis, infantile, hypertrophic pulmonary, 299 pyloric, 233, 305-308, 310

Stilbestrol in mother, and vaginal carcinoma in daughter, 123

Stillbirth, defined, 193 Strabismus, 234 Stress, 26 Sulfamethopyrazine, oral for pregnant women

127 ' Sulfate conjugation, 50 Sulfuryltransferase, 51 Surveillance, 229-232, 238-239

in Canada, 239 definition, 238 in England, 239 in U.S.A., 238 in Wales, 239

Sweat gland, 124 Swedish register, 238 Swine, see Pig Synalbumin antagonism, 20 Syndactyly, 81 Syphilis, 100-102 System, maternal, 3, 231

T -locus genes, 21 Talipes, 260

calcaneovalgus, 300 equinovarus, 300, 301

Tay-Sachs disease, 97 Tea consumption, 280-281

and anencephaly at birth, 280, 281

Teratogen, specific, 181-182 influenza, 279 potatoes, blighted, 279 zinc, lack of, 283

Teratogenesis, human, 18-21, 178-183 Teratology, 119-154

aplasia of organs, 123-124 comparative, 129-146 defects, genetic causation, 133-135

chromosomal aberration, 134-135 single gene, 133-134

experimental, 3-33 maternal effects, 8-18

malformation induced, 139-146 spontaneous, 136-139

in man, 138-139 in mouse, 136 in primate, 137-138 in rabbit, 137 in rat, 136-137

pregnancy wastage, 129-132 Testosterone, 65

non-postural,301-302 postural,301-302

INDEX 333

Thalidomide, 140, 143, 183, 245-249, 255 babies, 248 embryopathy, 91 sales of, 248

Thiopental, for abortion-scheduled women 127 '

Thymus, 124 Tolerance, 25 Toxemia of pregnancy, 110 Toxicity of drug, 9, 70-71 Toxin, 203 Toxoplasma, 100-101 Toxoplasmosis, 100-102 Tracheoesophageal fistula, 309 Trait

bla, 22 symmelia, 24

Transfer maternal, 156 placental, 155-186

and embryonic development, 160-172 extraembryonic membrane, 160-172 methods for studying, 172-177

Transferrin, 158 Transfusion syndrome, 97,105-106 Translocation, 289 Transport

active, 59 placental, 63, 157

334 INDEX

Transposition, 299 Triamcinolone-glucose tolerance test, 20 Trichomonas, 202 Triploidy, 98,134 Trisomy, 98, 207-209, 287,289 Trophoblast, 274 Trophotropism, 89,104 Trypan blue, 173

teratogenic, 177 Turner's syndrome, 108 Twins

abnormal cord, 88-89 acardiac, 106-108 amorphous, 106-108 discordant monozygotic, 104 dizygotic, 103 heterokaryotic, 106-108 human monozygotic, 103 identical, 103 monoamniotic, 109

Ungulate, placental transfer in, 167-169 Uptake, pinocytic, 176

Vagina, 124

Vertebra fusion, 14 Vibrio fetus, 199 Vibriosis, 99, 202 Villitis of unknown origin, 82, 102 Vmcristine, 140 Virus

infection and abortion, 100-102,201 vaccine, 101

Volume, effective, of central compartment, 57

Vomiting, excessive, in pregnant women, 205

Wastage of pregnancy, 129-132 in animals, 130 in humans, 131

causes, 200-209 and dietary deficiencies, 205 direction and frequency, 189-193

tabulated, 201 Wastage, reproductive, in the U.S.A., 131

X-irradiation, 15 Xanthine oxidase, 49 Xenopus, 24