INDEX

A

Accuracy Range, 70 Azimuth,70

Active Sensing, 106 Adaptive Neural Nets, 289 Aerostat, 204

Characteristics, 207 Airborne

Platform, 187, 193,206 SARIISAR, 103

Aircraft Coverage Area, 28, 33 Integration, 196 Maritime Surveillance (MSA), 188 Mission Profile, 195 Quantity, 193

Analysis Cluster, 287 Cost, 469 Error, 339, 343

Antenna Beamwidth,81 Gain, 81 Polarisation, 84 Side-lobes, 83

Atmospheric Clutter, 56 Transmission, 58,128 Visibility, 128, 130,412

Attenuation Clear Air, 58 Precipitation, 58 Signal,58

Automatic Ships Identification (AIS), 15,63,422 Tracking, 420

Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS),15 Availability, 474 Avionics, 190

B

Bayes Method, 5, 274 Beaufort Scale, 38 Bragg Back-scattering, 40 Bulk RCS, 68 Bar representation, 139

c C3I,11 C4I,12 CCTV, 8, 292, 306 CFAR,46,72 Classification

ESM,232 IFF,234 Levels, 228 Radar, 229 Stealthy Targets, 235 Target, 224

Classifiers, 224 Non-parametric, 227 Parametric, 226 Statistical, 224,

Cluster Analysis Methods, 287 Clutter

Amplitude Distributions, 47 Atmospheric, 35, 56 Characterisation, 45 K-pdf,49 Land,35,55 Patch,52 Rayleigh pdf, 48 Spectral characteristics, 50 Surface, 46, 51 Sea, 35, 53 Volume, 46, 51, 52 Weibull pdf, 49

COLREG, 434, 437,457 COMINT,116 Communications

Crisis Management, 314

486

Developments, 418 Inter VTC, 314 Link, 336 Naval Surveillance System, 316,

324 Public, 316 Requirements, 317 RSS-VTC, 306 Security, 321 Ship-to-VTC, 307 Type, 316,326 VTMIS,305 VTC-Ship Owners! Agents, 316

Continuous Wave Radar, 76 Cost

Investment, 470 Methodology, 469 Maintenance, 472 Operational, 472 Total,474

Copernicus, 11 Coverage, 3, 28, 33 Currents, 36, 44, 440

D

Database Management, 297, 473 Data Fusion, 241

Algorithms,253,258,259,267 Bayes, 274 Centralised, 245 Demster-Shafer, 276 Distributed, 246 Decision-Level Identity, 270 Feature-Level Identity, 286 Identity, 255 Inference, 271 Levels, 248, 256 Model, 249, 466 Multisensor,241 Nearest Neighbour, 262 Observation Estimation, 260 Positional, 254, 259, 267, 268 Types, 245

Data Links, 305, 323, 328, 329, 334 Daylight Camera Parameters, 141 Decision Support, 428

Demster-Shafer, 276 Fusion Algorithms, 282, 283 Method,S, 276

Depolarisation, 57 Detection

Coherent, 72 Non-coherent, 72 Probability,71 Range, 74

Differential GPS, 150, 364 Carrier-based, 153 Combined, 159 Comparisons, 159 Configuration, 152 Corrections, 156 Developments, 419 Interferometric, 152 LAAS, 151 Local Area (LADGPS), 153 Pseudorange Error Budget, 154 Reference Station, 153 RTCM SC-I04, 156 Specifications, 162 Wide Area (W ADGPS), 151, 155

Direction Finding Techniques, 121, 123

Design, Methodology, 22 Iteration, 23

Display System, 291 Distribution

Rayleigh, 48 Weibull,49

DSC, 161,309,417,422 Ducting,43

E

Over sea, 43 Elevated, 44

ECDIS, 296, 426, 463, 467 ECCM,326 EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone), 1,

166 EUNT,115 EM Characterization of Vessels, 216 ENVISAT, 110

Error Analysis, 339, 343 ERS-2,110 ESM

Data Collection, 326 Data Transfer, 320 Equipment, 365 Intercept Range, 123 Likelihood Vector, 388 Receiver types, 120, 122 Requirements, 117, 119 Simulation Model, 386 Sub-systems, 117

EUROFIX,163 Event Routines, 370

F

False Alarm, 46, 71 Feature

Extraction, 222 Level Identity, 286 Object, 465 Space, 224 Vector, 231

FIFO, 413, 440, 434 Flight Profile, 196 Field-of-View (FOV), 134 F-Number (F/#), 136 FLIR,14 FMCW Radars, 88 Fusion

G

Algorithm, 20, 253, 258, 259, 267 Centre, 20, 343,347 Data, 241 Hardware, 21 Software, 21

Global Positioning System (GPS), 142,364 Accuracy, 146 Biases errors, 146 Carrier Phase Measurements, 146 Differential GPS, 150 DOP parameters, 148 Drms,148

Interference, 150 Measurements, 145 PPS,I44

487

Pseudorange Error Budget, 147 Pseudorange measurements, 146 Receivers, 144 SA, 146 Satellite, 165 Signal, 143 SPS,I44,146 UERE,148

GLONASS, 163, 165 GNSS,I64 GRS, 219, 399 GIS, 296, 463

H

Helicopter, 198 Specifications, 199

HF Radar, 166 Sky-wave propagation, 167 Surface-Wave Path Loss, 168 RCS,170 Antenna, 171 Simulation Model, 364 Spectrum Occupancy, 171 Sea clutter, 172 Sea returns, 175 Parameters, 176

Hybrid System, 340 Hydrographic, 1

I

IALA,5,7,88,434,457,459 Identification, 232

Automatic Ship (AIS), 422 Bayes, 274 Demster-Shafer,276 Feature Level, 286 ESM,232 Fusion, 255, 270

IFF, 234 Integration

Aircraft, 196 Coherent, 72

488

Non-coherent, 72 !MO, 7, 459, 463 Implementation

Planning, 479 Principles, 481 Strategy, 479

Information, Warfare, 12

INMARSAT,311 IR Sensors, 8, 125, 306

Maritime Surveillance, 125 Parameters, 141

ISAR,385 Doppler Shift, 98 Images, 18 Measured Profiles, 381 Principles, 481

ISDN,15 Iteration, 23

K

Knowledge Based Systems, 433

L

LIFO, 434 Likelihood Vectors, 384, 396 LINK 11,330 LINK 16, 337 LLTV, 14, 142,201 LORAN-C, 163 Low Observable Technology, 235

Methods of RCS Reduction, 236 Detection, 238 Classification, 238

M

Maritime Air Operations Centre (MAOC), 13

Maritime Environment, 35 Surveillance system (MSS), 5,319 Surveillance aircraft (MSA), 188,

332 Micro Air Vehicle (MAV),16

Mission profile (aircraft), 195 MSS, 4, 66 Multipath, 42

N

NAVSTARGPS, 163 Non-cooperative Tracking, 421, 432 NAVCCIS, 13 Naval Surveillance

o

Fusion, 341 Systems, 363

OpticallIR sensors, 125 Field -of-View (FOV), 134 F-Number, 136 Image quality, 137 MRT,I40 Radiation, 131 Radiometric units, 126 Performance Parameters, 113, 137 Photometric Units, 127 Specifications, 140

Orbital Parameters, 179 Drifting, 183 Swath Widths, 183

Operational Control Centre (OCC), 15

p

Parametric Templates, 290 Passive Sensing, 106 Path Prediction Function, 429 Pattern Propagation factor, 42 Platform,

Airborne, 187 Sensor, 187

Polarisation Mismatch, 57 Probability

Detection, 71 False alarm, 71

R

Radars Accuracy, 70 Antenna parameters, 80 Data Collection, 327 Detection, 71 Detection Range, 75 Equation, 74 FMCW,76,88 HF Radar, 166 Horizon, 32 ISAR, 17,98 Microwave Imaging, 64, 89 Microwave Radar for VTS, 78,

362 Range Profiling (RPR), 17, 91 Resolution, 70 Scattering Cross Section (RCS), 66 Side-Looking SAR, 92 Simulation Model, 362 Spacebome, 103 Transceiver Sub-system, 86

Radiation Target, 131 Black Body, 132

Radio VHF-FM,307 MF-HF,310

Rain Reflectivity, 56 R&D, 113 RCS, 4, 66, 216

Bulk,67 Fluctuations, 68 Reduction, 236 Swerling type, 69

Reconized Surface Picture (RSP), 350 Reconnaissance, 1 Refresh Time, 3 Reliability, 474 Remote Pilotage, 431 Resolution

Range, 70 Azimuth,70 Angular

Responsivity, 137

Revisite Time, 2, 3, 28, 31 Risk Assessment, 453, 454

s Safety Domain, 438 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)

Advanced SAR (ASAR), 110 Doppler Beam Sharpening, 109 Focused,92 Payload,110,111 Principles, 98 Processing, 96 Resolution, 93 Side-looking, 92 Space SAR, 103, 109, 111 Spotlight, 92 System requirements, 102, 106

Satellite ENVISAT, 105, 114 ERS-1,442 ERS-2, 110, 115 INMARSAT,311 Orbital parameters, 109

Sea

489

Clutter Amplitude Distribution, 47 Clutter spectral characteristics, 39 Conditions, 36 Currents, 36, 44, 440 Waves, 37 Pierson-Moskowitz Model, 40 Multipath, 42 Reflectivity Coefficient, 46 State, 37

Search and Rescue (SAR), 1,206 Modelling, 212, 446 Search Patterns, 210 Vessel Features, 209

Sensors Active, passive, 106 Attributes, 251 Maritime Surveillance, 65 Multisensor, 106 Platforms, 187 Hydrographical, 445 IR,126 Meteorological, 445

490

Optical, 125 Ship

Automatic Identification (AIS), 422

Automatic Tracking, 420 Domain Theory, 460 Motion Data, 427 Rotations, 41 Sailing speeds, Safety in VTS Areas State Model of ship safety, 456

Simulation Accelerated Simulation, 355 Analytic, 29 Characteristics, 352 Event Based, 357 Event Routines, 370 Fusion Post, 390 Ground Truth, 368 Naval Surveillance Aircraft

Coverage Area and Revisit Time, 28

MSS, 349 SIMS, 4, 5, 365 Traffic Flow, 404 Validation. 356 Verification, 356

Simulator GRS, 219, 350, 399 TURBO (Traffic Flow), 404

SNR.72 SCR,75 SOTDMA. 424. 427, SOLAS, 425, 463 Surveillance, 1

Aircraft, 188, 192 Automatic Dependent, 15 Civilian, 15, 19 Dependent, 361 Independent, 361 Naval, 11, 15, 19,20 Parameters, 3 Requirements. 2 VTMIS,20

Spacebome Radars, 103 Swath width, 104, 183 Active and Passive Sensing. 106

Sub-surface, 1 Stealth, 235, 238 Swerling Models, 69

T

Tactical Picture Common, 12

Target Classification, 3, 224 Count. 3 Identification, 3 Non-fluctuating, 69 Radiation, 131 Stealthy, 238

Target Recognition Automatic, 215, 228, 229 Classification Feature Extraction, 222 Principles, 221

TIMMS, 11 Tracking

Automatic Ships, 420 Cooperative, 421 Multi Target, 259 Non-Cooperative, 421, 432

Traffic Efficiency, 450 Picture, 19 Safety, 449 Separation Schemes, 457, 459 Simulator (TURBO), 404

Transceiver Sub-system, 86 Transponder

Tracking. 364, 421 TURBO, 404

u

Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV), 199 Classification, 200 System. 202 Characteristics, 203

v

Visibility, 412, 128, 130 Voting Methods, 290 VTC

Communications, 306, 307, 313, 314,

Architecture, 315 VTMIS, 7, 8 VTS, 7,8,15,63,451

Architecture, 363 Area, 8 Committee, 7

Configuration, 9 Control Centre (VTC),8 Design Methodology, 22 ECDIS,467 Issues to be resolved, 433 Recording and Playback, 431 Silent, 417

w

Waves Amplitude Distribution, 37 Sea, 37 Spectral Density Functions, 39

491