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Index
ABB,26 Abo, T., 58 acquisitions and mergers, see mergers
and acquisitions Adidas, 36 Adler, P. S., 59, 61 Adtranz, 42 Advanced Institute of Management
Research, 49 Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
in 2005, see ATC AIDS, 35 Airbus, 42 Albert, M., 241 Alcan, 26 Alcoa, 26 Allen & Overy, 229 Alusuisse, 26 Amdahl, 99 American Chamber of Commerce
(ACC), 103 Organization of Working Time, 103
American managers, 15, 56, 146 American MNCs, 29, 56, 100, 105, 133
consequences for IR, 101, 88, 139 'country-of-origin' influences in,
151 diffusion of employment practices
in, 141 employment practices in European
subsidiaries of, 132 FDI primacy of, 101 international employment
strategies of, 133 management-labour relations,
142-3, see also IR; labour; trade unions; unions
pay and rewards system, 142, see also HRM
personnel policy, 143-4 practices, organizational effects on,
146 strategies of, 133
subsidiaries in Ireland, 2, 13, 89-98, see also under Ireland
training courses, 143 transfer of practices, 141,
see also under transfer in the UK, management of
employment relations in, 141, see also under UK
union-avoidance strategies, 62, 139, see also unions
workers, seeking to maintain employment security, 56
Americas, 137 Amicus, 137-8 Amoore, L., 7, 54 Anglo-American models, 72, 241 Anglo Saxon, 131
approach, 157 business practices, 131, 134 HR/IR practices, 131 law, 18
arbitraging between legal systems, 218,219,235
arrhythmic production, 179 'arrhythmic Taylorism', 170 Arthurs, H. W., 37-8 Ashmore,] ., 88-9, 97 AT&T, 34 ATC, phasing out of, 194 Audi, 158 Austria, 138, 230
Bair, ]., 9 Bansal, P., 120 Barroso, J. M., 247 Bartlett, C. A., 46 Becker, B., 118 Beiten Burkhardt Goerdeler, 234 Belanger, J., 2, 6, 10-11, 14, 54 Belgium, 42, 137, 223 Bell Helicopter Textron, 38 Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream company,
126
256
Berle, A., 39 Berwin & Berwin, 199 Betty Barclay, 196 Bluhm, K., 161 BMB, 199 BMW, 160 Body Shop, 127 Boeing, 42 Bombardier Inc., 40-5, 49 Bombardier]. A., 40 Bonazzi, G., 171 'borderless world' see under globalization boundary spanners see under social
capital Boyer, R., 60-1, 156-8, 163-4, 242 Boyle, E. H., 214 BP (British Petroleum), 48 branch-plants, 61, 80-1
approach, 62 imagery, 77, 79 model, 80 weakness of, 62
'brand identity', 225 Brannick, T., 98 Brazil, 41 Britain, 63, 87, 194, see also England;
UK British clothing firms/industry, see UK brownfield
hybridization, entry and early development, 170
non-unionized, 59 unionized, 155
Brussels, 224-5, 244 comitology, see under EU consensus see EU;
neoliberal/neoliberalism Bulgaria, 203 Bundeslander, 157 Burawoy, M., 30, 32, 48, 172 Burberry, 196, 199
Canada, 37-8,40-1, 43 capitalism/capitalisms, 241
embedded forms o( 156 internationalism, 248 see also varieties of capitalism (VoC)
capital-labour relationship, 54 CAPITB Trust, 197, 205
Index 257
Carroll, W. K., 38, 39 case-study analysis of a big American
MNC, 135 CE, 155-81 CEE countries/states, 202, 207 Central Europe (CE), see CE Centre de recherche interuniversitaire
sur Ia mondialisation et le travail (CRIMT), 48
Child, J ., 54 child labour, 33 China, 27, 36-7, 48, 78, 124, 160,
187,192,202-3,207, 216 Christian-Democratic, 251 civil society, 250-1, 253 class struggle, 248-9, 252 Clifford Chance Piinder, 229 clothing enterprise/industry, 184
branding capability abandoned, 198 CMT (cut-make-trim), 189 competences/capabilities, 187-8, 208 competitive strategies, 208 development and planning, 189 divergent ownership profiles, 196 domestically anchored firms,
analysis of, 186 firm size, turnover and ownership,
194-7 five types o( 190 German see under German/Germany global production networks,
development of, 200-4 labour market segmentation, 190, 204 low-wage countries, 200 outward processing (OPT) versus
full package, 204 popularity of foreign sourcing, 203 powerful domestic retailers, close
relationships to, 198 product and market strategy, 189,
198-200 quotas and tariffs, 200 segmentation of the labour market,
208 skill profiles, 197-8 UK firms, see under UK
clothing/industry firms value chain, five ways of organizing,
190, see also value chains
258 Index
CMS network, 223 CMT, 199, 201 Coats Viyella, 195-6 Code of Practice on Voluntary
Dispute Resolution and the Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act, 103
Cohen, D., 112 collective bargaining see under trade
unions Collings, D. G., 87 Collings, S. T., 22 Collings, T., 13 Collinson, D., 31 comitology, see under EU Commission of Inquiry Report, 99,
246 communism, 170, 247 Comor, E. A., 34 company
decision-makers, 246 commitment to, 143 compensation and reward policies,
121 core vision of, 123 culture, 168 values, 143
competitive/competitiveness, 46, 151, 244-5, 251
conglomerates, 63 contingency theory, 45 Conville, P. , 236 coordinating firms, 192, 201
competitive strategies of, 186 in developed economies, 190 employment practices, case-study
evidence, 145 four options, 201 German and UK, 204 networks, lack a strong
coordinating headquarters, 223
outsourcing of manufacturing, 204, see also outsourcing
product strategy, 190 sourcing strategies of, 192
core competence of the firm, 116, 186, 193
core employees, 116, 118, 125 corporate/corporations
American, 139-41, see also American MNCs
codes of conduct, 36 crisis of, 78 culture, 143, 169 ecological response, 120 goal of maximizing efficiency and
profit, 136 HR, 121, see also HRM policy repertoires, 81 profitability, 78 restructuring of, 37-8 restructuring, global programme of,
143 strategies/strategy, 60, 72, 74, 81
corporate law/law firms, see law firms corporate social responsibility, 47,
252, see also under social Courtauld, 195-6 cross-border, 10, 19, 218, 222
cooperation, 37 knowledge diffusion, 14 merger, 18 networks, 208 transfer, 157
cross-national comparison, 147, 193 institutional differences, 144 trade liberalization of, 241 transferability, 21, 215
Czech Republic, 161-2
Daimler Chrysler, 42 Danone, 161 DBS (Digital Broadcasting Satellite),
34 De Ly, F., 216 Digital, 99 Dedoussis, V., 62 Delors, ) ., 245
Growth, Competitiveness and Employment, 245
Deringer-Bruckhaus, 233 developing and developed countries,
82, 184 Dezelay, Y., 235 DG EMPL, 246 Dicken, P., 26, 29, 43 Dickman, M., 158 DiMaggio, P.).. 21
disembedded/ disembedding, see also embedded
liberalism, 20 liberalization, 249 of market competition, 249
Djelic, M.-L., 235 dominance/dominant
effects, 5, 53, 58, 140 practices, 56 reference points, 72 systems, 140 UK strategy, 202
Domsch, M., 161 Donaghy,]. M., 104 Dore, R., 243-4, 247, 252 Dorrenbacher, C., 155-9, 181 'double-breasting', 96, 100-1,
see also IR draft EU Constitutional Treaty, 249 Dunphy, 127 Durand, C., 161 Durkheim, E., 248
eastern Europe, 48 eastern Germany, 42 Ebbinghaus, B., 239 economic
activity, four freedoms of, 244 determinism, 243 imperative, 121-2 integration, 246 socio-economic model of
networking, 134 Economic and Monetary Union, 240 Economic and Social Research
Council, 49 Economist, The, 87 Edwards, P., 2, 6, 10, 11, 14, 48, 54 Edwards, T., 160 EEN (European Environmental
Network), 232 EES, 245 Egan, D., 48 El Ltd, a subsidiary of General
Electric, 99 Eisenach Opel factory, 157, see also
Opel Elementary Technology Units (ETUs),
see ETUs Elger, T., 6, 11-12
Index 259
embedded/embeddedness, 25, 46, 123, 132, 140
of companies, 131 divergent strategies, 186 effects', 29 'liberalism/liberalization', 4, 6, 239,
248-9, 251 Embraer (Empresa Brasileira de
Aeronautica SA), 41 EMDA (Electrical Manufacturers and
Distributors Association of Ireland), 198-9
empirical research, 48, 55, 83 employment practices
comparing institutional frameworks of, 133-5
corporate strategy of individualization of, 148
crisis of, 61 diffusion of, 132 dynamic configurations of, 132 employment relations, 70, 134 individualization of, 147 integration of, within business
units, 144 layer-cake of different historical
models, 175 in MNCs, 132 regulation of, 70, 136, 240 scope for local adaptations of, 144 segmentation of, 177
Enderwick, P., 98 England, 42, see also UK environmental values, 125-6 EP, 247 Escada, 196 ethnocentric, see under MNCs ETUs, 171, 172, 177, 246,253 EU, 2, 7, 19, 28, 37, 42 137, 155, 160,
199,228,235,240 accession countries, 222 Bolkestein Directive, 247 Brussels comitology, 245, 247, 253 Brussels consensus, 20, 239, 252-3 Constitutional Treaty, 250 Charter of Fundamental Rights of
2000,249 decision-making process, 245 economic integration, 241 governance, 244
260 Index
EU - continued imbalance within institutions, 246 key element in the official discourse
of, 240 market liberalism, 247 'symbolic politics' of the, 19 tariff-free trade agreement, 203 trade, 243
Euratex, 198 Eurocrats, 251 Euro-liberalism, spectre of, 244-53 Europe, 43, 56, 137, 178, 225 European
Commission, 252 'European social model', 239, 244-5
insulated from 'global' challenges to, 244
rhetorical commitment to the, 244
integration, 243, 246, 248 European Employment Strategy,
see EES European Parliament, see EP European Union, see EU European Works Councils, see EWC Euro-Tobib, 252 EWC, 26, 136, 145, 177, 180-1 Exxon,26
Fame and Factiva, 187 FDI, 7, 36, 162, 181
developments in Irish public policy on, 101
FDI-dependent economies, 87 global downturn in, 87 in Ireland, see also under Ireland
Ferner, A., 30, 86, 105, 111 Fiat, 160, 170-1, 174, 178 Fichter, M., 159, 181 Finegold, D., 198 Florida, R., 57-8 flexicurity, 245 Fordism, 170, 172 Foreign direct investment (FDI), see FD! Fortune 500 companies, 36, 89 France, 26, 137-8 free market
agenda, 19 concept of, 248 self-regulatory virtues of, 244
French-Canadians, 39 Frenkel, S.)., 35-6 Freshfields, 229, 233 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, 229 Fruin, M., 59, 61 Frybes, M., 181 Fukuyama, 119
Garth , B. G., 235 GATf (General Agreements on Trade
and Tariffs), 34 GCC, 184, see also global commodity
chain GDP. measure of value added,
not sales, 26 General Electric, 26, 162 General Motors, 27 Gennard, ]., 86 Gereffi, G., 9, 192 Gerhart, B., 118 German/Germany, 37 42, 87, 105,
137-8, 140, 179, 196, 200 clothing firms/industry comparison
with UK, 186, 194-5, 198, 206, 208
co-determination system, pillars of, 158
concentrations of ethnic minority populations, 205
coordinating firms, 201, 204, see also coordinating firms
FDI, 159, see also FDI firms, in Hungary, 159, see also
Hungary firms, direct importing and full
package manufacturing, 202 MNCs, 157-8
in Britain/UK, 131, 156 hybridization, 159, see also
hybridization pluralistic HRM, Anglo Saxon
context, 157, see also HRM; lR
in Spain, 158 Standortdebatte, 15 7 transfer of, 158 and UK coordinating firms,
see under coordinating firms Ghoshal, S., 46, 112 Gleis:; Lutz, 224
global competition, growth of, 32 firms, 213-36 HRM, see under HRM intellectual property rights see
intellectual property rights law firms, see global law firms MNCs, key players, 86 models, 179 networks, 213-36 politics, 34-5 production networks, 186, see also
global commodity chain (GCC) global commodity chain (GCC), 184,
see also clothing industry global law firms, 18, 222, 236
advisers to national governments and the largest MNCs, 228
characterized on two dimensions, 227
'choice of law' principle, 216, 218, 235-6
complex federations of national partnerships, 18
convergence or Americanization, 236
coordinated quasi-firm network, 223 distribution of rewards, 220 global firm model, 225 intellectual property rights, see
intellectual property rights levels of cooperation, 225 networks, types of, 220-3 partnership structure, 220 practice groups, 228 referral systems/networks, 221, 236 rewards, 220, 228 'regulatory arbitrage', see under
arbitrage globalization/anti-globalization, 40,
246,249,252 activists, anti-globalization, 35 ambiguities of, 241 backlash, anti-globalization, 250 'borderless world' emergence of,
241 critics of, 24 current dynamic of, 19 effects of, 54 era of, 215
Index 261
established regulatory processes of 'social Europe', 239
impact of, 185 labour market segmentation, 184-209 logic of, 38 neoliberal/neoliberalism, see
neoliberal/neoliberalism theory, deterministic strands of, 1
'governance without government', concept of, 217
government and corporations, divide between,
44 have to ensure 'level playing field',
41 support, extent of, 43
Gramsci, A., 48 Granovetter, M., 248 greenfield
hybridization, 166, see also hybridization
international reorganization, 166 investment, cases, 155 Italian, 177 operations, 64 situations, 164 subsidiaries, 70 Toyota, 59 US factor, 99
Gunnigle, P., 2, 13, 106
Haarmann and Hemmelrath, 234 Hall, P. A., 29, 40, 193, 243 Held, D., 209 Hengeler MUller, 224 Hennas & Mauritz, 199 Herbert Smith, 224 Hewlett Packard, 122 Hofstede, G., 21 Hollingsworth,] . R., 242 'hollowing out', 47-8 home country
diffusion and host-country resistance, 163
models, 178 versus host country dichotomy, 176
home and host country, interactions between, 64 management repertoires, 81 societies, 63
262 Index
Honda, 38 host country
alien HR/IR, lOS context, 88 convergence with, 99 dynamics, importance of, 155 institutional determinants, impact
of, 140 isomorphic pressures exerted, 131 local isomorphism, 124 practices, 99, 105 resistance, 180
Howell, C., 240 HRM!HR/IHR, 14, 179, see also lR;
labour; trade unions; unions alternative approaches to achieving
its goals, 124 barriers to implementation, 109 decentralization of, 111 diversity management, 56 global HRM integration, 109-27 implementation challenges, 123-5,
138 'international suitcase employee',
125 labour abuses, 122 principles, policies and practices,
13, 26, 56, 111, 118, 123, 138 social responsibility motivation,
121 theory and practice, 118 three areas: institutional, cultural
and organizational, 123 three sustainability goals, 126 unbalanced lives, 125
human capital or capability (absorptive capacity), 113, 116, 118
Hungary, 137, 158, 162, 165 Hutton, W., 34 hybrid/hybridized/hybridization, 58,
63, 76-81, see also brownfield; greenfield; japanese/Japanization; MNCs
adaptation to local conditions, 60 analyses of, 59, 74 development, 169, 176 existing debates on, 155 exogenous hybridization, 159,
see also hybridization
forms of, 61 home-and host-country effects,
see home-and host-country home and host societal effects, 57 limitations of, 61 models of, 156, 163 multidimensional perspective on,
160 outcomes, 155 policy repertoires, 76 problematizes transplantation, 7 4 process of, 63,74 pull hybridization, 16, 160, 164-9,
180 reverse diffusion of practices, 160 theory, insights and limits, 156-7 variant in analyses of, 59
Hyman, R., 2, 4-5, 19, 30, 48, 134
IDA, 13, 95, 99 IMF, 235 India, 35 industrial development
employment relations framework, 133
peace, logics of, 36 protectionist approach to, 98
Industrial Development Agency (IDA), see IDA
Industrial Development Authority (IDA), see IDA
industrial relations (IR), see lR Industrial Relations News, 100 information and communications
technology (ICT) sector, 89 innovations, 53, 59, 180 integrative networks, see networks Intellectual Property Committee,
35 intellectual property rights (IP), 35 International Association of
Machinists and Aerospace Workers in Montreal, 43
International Bar Association, 228, see also global law firms
international business law, 216, see also global law firms
international human resource management (IHRM), see HRM/HR/IHRM
international law, internationalization of legal firms, see global law firms
internationalization global firm model, 213, see global
firms network model, 213 of trade, 218
Intervention Board Executive Agency (IBEA), 102
IPOs (initial public offerings), 225 IR, see also labour; trade unions;
unions actors, 192 approach, 98 current British IR, 134 differentiated, 145 double-breasting, 96 implications for, 86 Irish, see under Irish policy and practice, 86 principle of abstention of the state,
133 systems, 145
Ireland/Irish, 56, 86-8, 97, 99, 101, 104-S
accommodating host environment, 102
American MNCs in, 86-106 Congress on Trade Unions (ICTU),
102 contrasting strategies on trade
union recognition, 90-S Global Capitalism, State Policy
and Industrial Relations, 86-106
union avoidance, 92-4 changing strategies, 101 corporate profits, low level of tax
on,88 industrial promotion agencies, 101 inward-investing MNCs, 97, 99, lOS open, pro-business, POl-friendly
economy, lOS series of centrally negotiated
agreements, Sustaining Progress (2003-2005), 88
strong advocates of national level accords, 88
trade unions, 89
Index 263
union-neutral stance, lOS world's eleventh largest recipient of
FDI, 87 world's most globalized economy, 87
ISO 9001 certification, 172 Italy/Italian, 138
collective bargaining system in, 135 MNC, 16 Social Pact (or tripartite agreement)
of 1993, 134
Jacoby, S. M., 143 Japan/Japanese/'Japanization', 26, 31,
56,63, 156,178 companies, generalizability of their
parental model, 60 home-influenced company
practices, 56 hybrids/hybridization,
branch-plants, 64, see also hybrids/hybridization
TNCs, 32 work organization, 58
management/managers, 56-7 model, 58, 73, 171 parent company, corporate
practices of the, S 7 problems of, 156 production principles, introduction
of kanban, 166 subsidiaries, 56, 64-72, see also
transplants/transplantations Jones Day Reavis, 229
Kelly, A., 98 Kenney, M., 57-8 Keynesian
economic management, 248 monetarism, 245
KFAT, T&G and GMB, see under UK clothing firms/industry
Klar-Text (2003) annual rankings, 187 Kochan, T. A., 99 Kogut, B., 112 Konrad, M., 236 Korzeniewicz, M., 9 Kostova, T., 21, 113-14, 116 Krippner, G., 250 Kristensen, P. H., 8, 46-7
Local Players in Global Games, 46
264 Index
Kurdelbusch, A., 159 Kuruvilla, S., 35
labour, 131, see also HRM; IR; trade unions; unions
conditions, 162 decommodify, 240 empowering, 252 global production networks for, 206 impact of sourcing strategies, 185 individual flexible models, 161 lack of job security, 179 law and trade union organization,
140, see also under global law firms
market characteristics, 123 organized, 55, 88, 192 power, 55 regulation of, 79 segmentation, 186, 206-7
Lane, C., 3, 9, 17-18, 29, 159 law, 216
convergence on a single model of, 235
'choice of law', 235 and the economy, inter
relationship between, 215 firms, 224, 229, see also global law
firms Clifford Chance, 236 four Magic Circle firms, 236 Linklaters and Allen & Overy, 236 Slaughter & May, 236
law-making and lawyering, 215, 218
more US dominance, 235 Leana, C., 112, 115-16 Legrain, P., 24 Lepak, D., 116 Levy, D. L. , 48 lex mercatoria, 216, 218 Lex Mundi, 221 Liker, J. K., 59 Lisbon, European Council in, 245 Lithuania, 203
management, 59, 70, 167-9, 178 case studies, 11, 71-3, 133 culture, individualism over
collectivism, 134
family-management, 178 hegemony, 80-1 -labour relations, 141, 145 micropolitics, 71-3 paternalistic, 16 7-9 prerogatives, 70, 98 rhetoric of, 70 -worker relations, 71
management buy-outs (MBOs), 196 managerial and non-managerial
employees, 143 Marginson, P., 141, 181 market
alternative socio-political priorities, strained by, 241
fundamentalism, 20 principles, dominance of, 250 social control of, need for, 251 socially embedded, 248 societies, 241
Marks & Spencer, 202 Martin International, 196 Martindale-Hubbell, 214 Martinez Lucio, M., 140 Martiny, D., 216 Marx, Karl, 243 McDonalds, 87 McHugh, D., 31 McMillan, J., 35 Means, G., 39 Meardi, G., 3, 8, 16, 61, 77, 209 Meiksins, P., 140 mergers and acquisitions, 18, 225,
228, 236 Mexico, 160 Meyer,]. W., 214 Mickethwait, ]., 24-5 micro firms, 195-6, 203 micropolitics/micropolitical, 7, 9, 12,
71, 73, 75 action, 15 activity, arenas of, 9 organizational, 12 pervasiveness of, 9 processes, 54, 74, 141, 82 of the workplace, 71
Mielczarek, A., 181 Milkman, R., 56, 62 MIT (Massachusetts Institute of
Technology), 187
MNCs, 2, S-6, 8, 14, 86, 112, 114, 120,157,160,162,177,243
agglomerative effects, 7 autonomous dynamic of financial
flows, 242 behaviour, studies of, 4, 7, 140 case studies/data, 86, 178 case-study analysis, 133, 135 corporate ecological response, three
main motivations to adopt, 120 countervailing power, 6, 11 decentralization of authority, three
considerations, 144 diffusion and hybridization, 157,
see also hybridization diffusion of work practices in
MNCs, 16, 132-3 effects of diverse institutions, 243 embeddedness of, 4, see also
embedded ness escape restrictive industrial
relations regimes, 242 ethnocentric, 29, 139, 141, 158,
160, 173 fragmentation, internal sources of,
134 home-country dominant practice,
177 HRM policies in, 132, see also HRM;
HR/IHR 'hybridization a Ia management',
179-80, see also hybridization internal micropolitical forces, 8 international competitive
advantage, 14 inward-investing, 13, 94-S, 97-9,
lOS IR policies and approach of, 98 Italian, 16 local actors, 10, 140 locational decisions, 242 mimetic isomorphism, 3 policies/policy, 2, 140 Quakerism, 181 research design, 135-7 resource flows, 114 social capital, creation of, 14 subsidiaries, 98, 132, see also
subsidiaries transnational social spaces, 6
Modell Flucht, 157 Montreal, 39, 43 Moran, T. H., 36 Morgan, G., 3, 6, 18, 30 Morley, M. ]., 13 Muller-Camen, M., 124 Multifibre Arrangement
Index 265
(MFA)/ Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), 194
multi-skilling, 167 multi-tasking, 167, 178 multi-unionism, difficulties of, 99,
see also unionism multinational corporations, see MNCs Multilaw, 221
NAFTA, 7, 43, 161 Nahapiet, ]., 112 national business systems, see NBSs National Economic Social Council
(NESC), 104 NBSs, 3-4, 6, 11, 16, 20, 29, 81
adaptability of, 13 analytical distinctiveness of, 4 Brussels consensus, 20 change of course in the priorities
of, 246 comparative analysis of, 3 conflict between, 239 disembedding liberalism, 249 evolution of, 2 MNCs, regime arbitrage capacity
for, 6 neo-liberal/neo-liberalism, see also
globalization patterns of, 151 structural determinants of, 16 theory, 1 see also varieties of capitalism (VoC) voluntaristic regimes, 6
Nestle and Nike, 27 Netherlands, 137-9 networks, 8, 10, 58, 111, 221
four types of, 221 global internal, 14, 18, 109 inter-organizational, 10 organizational, 75-6 social, 11, 39 of subsidiaries, 20 of suppliers, 49, 56
266 Index
Neumann, L., 181 New International Division of Labour
theory, 161 New York Stock Exchange, 247 NGOs (non-governmental
organizations), 122 Nike, 122 Nohria, N., 21 Nordic countries, 140 Norm Thompson Outfitters, 122, 127 Norr Steifenhofer Lutz, 234 North American Free Trade
Agreement, see NAFT A
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), 87, 244
Offe, C., 35, 246 Ohmae, K., 241 Oliver, N., 58 ONS Labour Market Trends, 194 Opel, 179 organizational development
competence-based strategies for, 190
culture and employee socialization, 121
factors, 123 forms of, 220-33 politics, 53
Osland, L 120 outsourcing, 173
implementation of, 178 practices for employment, 185 tercjaryzacja, a Polish neologism,
173 terziarizzazione, the Italian term,
173
Palpacuer, F., 186, 190, 192 parent/parent company
central authorization from the, 143 and host business systems, relative
strengths of, 140 periodic communication between,
143 practices, salience of, 73 production network, 165 and subsidiary, 143 systems, 131
PaulS., 199 Pechiney, 26 performance
criteria, 78 ranking, 142 -related pay, 159
Perlmutter, H., 141 Peugeot, 162 pharmaceuticals companies, 35 Pharmaco, 89 Philippines, 36 Philips Electronic, 26 Pogue, 229 Poland, 137, 161, 165, 170-1, 178, 202 Polanyi, K., 241, 248, 250 Polish trade unions, 17 4, 177 political
economy framework, 24-49 economy, two basic types of, 193 processes, 47 transactions examples of, 41
politics of cross-national diffusion
multinationals, 1-21 of production, 30 three domains of, macro, meso and
micro spheres/processes, 25, 30, 34, 47
three levels of, 45 Portugal, 13 7 post-Washington consensus, 244 Powell, W., 21 power
contradictions of, 32-4 forms of, 30-1
Pries .. L., 15 7 privatization, 170, 17 4, 225 Probert, L 3, 9, 17-18 Prodi, R., 247 production
organization, established repertoires of, 72
process, organization of, 70 Taylorist, system, 171 workers wage, system for, 167
Prusak, L., 112 Pulignano, V., 8, 15-16, 21, 77
Quack, S., 3, 18, 179 quality circles, 80, 116
quasi-cartel system, 26 Quintanilla, L 86
Ramsay, H., 9, 27 Rands, G., 121 Reich, R. B., 241 research design and methods, 63-4 Reynolds, 26 Roche, W. K., 89 Rolls-Royce, 38 Romania, 170, 202-3 Rosenzweig, P., 21 Roth, K., 113-14, 116, 120 Ruggie, J. G., 239, 248, 250-1 Runciman, W. G., 31
Sadowski, D., 111 Sally, R., 30 Sassen, S., 225 Schmitt, M., 111 Schroeder, Chancellor, 42 Scott, W. R., 21 Shannon Free Airport Development
Company, 99 Sharpe, D. R., 31 Siemens, 38, 42, 159, 162 Silver, B., 31 Singapore, 87 Single European Market, 240 Skadden Arps, 229 Sklair, L., 48 Slaughter, A.-M., 217 SMEs (small and medium enterprises),
222, 224, 235-6 Smith, C., 6, 11-12, 140 Snell, S., 116 social
Europe, 19, 240, 247 industrialization model, collapse of,
179 management and work practices,
rejected, 171 motivation, 121-3 reputation of the company, 122 responsibility, 33, 120-2, 125 sustainable strategy, 125
social capital, 118, 124-5 boundary-spanners, 116 building all three types of, 125 cognitive, 113, 125
Index 267
creation and sharing of knowledge worldwide, 116, 118, 125
critical to effective coordination and control, 112
defined, 14, 112 described as, 113 knowledge exchange of/knowledge
absorption and sharing, 115, 125
in MNCs, 116 relational, 112-13, 115, 125-6 structural, 113, 115
socialist, 171, 179 peculiarities defined, 170
societal effects, 53 society
analysis of, 29 effects of, 53
Sony,87 Soros, G. , 244 Soskice, D. W., 29, 40, 193, 198, 243 South Africa, 35, 160 South America, 160 Southern Italy, 160 Soviet Union, 27, 170 Spain, 87, 132, 137-8, 140, 158 Stability and Growth Pact, 1997,
Prodi's denunciation of, 247 standardization, 16, 29, 162 Stanojevic, M., 181 Starik, M., 121 states
policies of liberalization and flexibilization, 82
process of material wealth creation, 40
socialism, chaotic conditions of, 16 Statistics Canada, International
Merchandise Trade: Annual Review, 48
Steedman, H., 197-8 Steilmann, 196 Steuer, M. D., 86 Stibbe, 224 Stiglitz, L 244, 252 strategic management,
competence-based approach, 187-8
Streeck, W., 2-3, 6-7, 21n2 Stryker, R., 215
268 Index
subsidiaries/subsidiary, 12, 54, 56, 72 actors, 21 American/US multinationals, 103,
131-2 behaviour, 132 British/UK, 137 commercial and labour market
circumstances of, 7 4 countervailing power of, 21 development trajectory of, 57 effectiveness, 59 embedded/embeddedness, 132, 145,
see also embedded/embeddedness evolution of, 55 foreign, mediated outcome, 158 greenfield see greenfield (order) hierarchies of power, 76 at home or abroad, 62 international subsidiaries, 53-83 inward-investing, 78 Italian, 137 key features of the dynamics of, 76 networks of, 20 objectives and priorities of newly
established, 5 operations of, 61, 71, 73, 76 optimal and suboptimal levels of
performance, 61 organization of work and
management-worker relations, 70, see also lR; labour; trade unions; unions
overseas, 62 relationship between headquarters
and overseas operations, 71 roles of, 74 subordinate role of, 61 three contrasting conventional
models of, 12 transfer of parent company
practices to, 70 transplants, hybrids and
branch-plants, 56 very diverse IR and employment
regulation systems, 145, see also HRM; IR
supply chain, 184 sustainable/sustainability, 125
agenda of, 14
concept of, 119 development, defined, 119 eco-innovation, 127 identify sources of eco-innovation,
121 link between, 121 motivations of, 123 new product design, 122 strategies/strategy, 120, 121, 124,
127 three goals, 127 three principles, 120
'sweatshop', 192, 205 Swenson, P., 251 systems effects, 58 systems, society and dominance
model, 54 dominance effects, see under
dominance dominance provisional character of
such, 59 from dominance to system effects
transplant, 57 highlights the contradictory and
shifting pressures, 54 interplay, 56, 61 see also societal effects see also system effects
T&G, 138 Takeovers Directive, 247 Tariffs, 194 Taylor, S., 13-14, 116 Teece, D., 193 Thelen, K., 2-3 Thompson, E. P., 250 Thompson, P., 31, 48 Thomson Corporation, 26 TNCs, 29, 31
acceptance of standards, three factors, 36
complex coalitions of interests, 45 complex issues of strategy, 26 'corporate glue', 48 country-of-origin effects, 29 critics of, 27 distinctive features, 25 economic and political powers of,
32
evolutionary models of, 46 global ambitions, 40 global oligopolists, 26 hybrid arrangements, 27 as National and Global Players,
24-49 are political actors, 24 transnational solution, 46 transnational space, structuring the,
239-53 two core features, 24
Tobin tax, 252 Toronto, 39 T6th, A., 3, 8, 16, 61, 77, 209 Toyota, 26, 38, 162, 172 Trade Commissioner Bolkestein, 247,
see also EU trade unions/unionism, see unions Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual
Property (TRIPS), 35 Trades Union Congress, 244 transfer, 156, 169, 173
attraction (pull) from abroad, 156 diffusion (push), 156 dynamics of, ISS HRM and IR, 124, 17 4--6, see also
HRM; IR, trade unions; unions micropolitics of, 12 outcome of cross-border, 157 process, 16 selective, 169 two aspects of, 156
transnational corporations/organizations, see TNCs
transnationality index (TN!), 26 transplant/transplantation, 57-9,
72--4, see also international subsidiary
convergence of interests between workers and managers, S 7
directly from home factories to overseas subsidiaries, 57
dynamic and contested process, 73
and hybridization, 61 'model' production regimes, of, 59,
73 policy of selective, 61
three key themes, 81 two key arguments, 73
Index 269
transplants, hybrids or branch-plants, 72-81
Triumph, 196 'trust-breaking' behaviours, 115 Turkey, 202 Turner, L., 30 Tuscaloosa (USA), 157 Ttiselmann, H.-J., 157
UK, 26, 29, 31, 42, 58, 137-8, 185, 187, 196, 200
American MNCs in, 3 clothing/industry firms, 195-7, 205,
208 comparison with Germany, 194 ethnic minority owners, 196 graduate recruitment
problematic, 197 immigrants in, 205 polarized, 195 shielded by MFA/ATC, 194 sourcing strategies of, 203 unions, under KFAT, T&G and
GMB, 205 white-collar staff, 206
current British IR, 134 industry, outsourcing of
manufacturing operations, 205 UK law firms, see global law firms
UK Economic and Social Research Council, 181
Ukraine, 203 UNCTAD, 213-14, 87, 226 UNICE (Union of Industrial and
Employers Confederations of Europe), 246
unions, 88, 92, 94, 171, 174-S, 253 avoid/avoidance, 70, 99-100 collective bargaining, 94, 97-8, 100,
131, 134, 148 communist rank-and-file, 175 contemporary industrial relations,
251 density, 88, 97, 136-7, 143 in Ireland, 99
Federated Union of Employers (FUE), 95
270 Index
unions - continued in Italy, 135-9
FEMCA-CGIL (Federazione Operai Chimici), 139
Fim-Cisl, 'social movement' union, 175
FIOM-CGIL (Federazione Jtaliana Operai Metalmeccanici), 138
unitary trade union representative body (rappresentanza sindacale unitaria or RSU), 135
levels of, 88 pattern of, 100 in Poland, 17 4-6
Solidarity, 171, 174, 177 policy, 251 recognition, 70, 97, 100
and avoidance contrasting strategies on, 90-S, 102
remove the, 143 representation and collective
bargaining, 133 rights and responsibilities of, 98 role of, 88, 142 role in employee voice, 143 suppression approach, 92 system of employee representation,
135 three major handicaps for, 253 'US greenfield' factor, 99,
see also American corporations; American MNCs
wages, harmonization of, 177 work force, 168
unionization, rate of, 96, 206 United Nations, 26 United States, 25-6, 28, 37, 42-4, 59
MNCs, see American corporations; American MNCs
multinationals, see American MNCs
value chains, 9, 17, 186, 188-9 Van Buren lll, H., 112, 115-16
varieties of capitalism (VoC), 3, 17, 29, 54, 186, 193, 208, 214, 233, 236
Volkswagen, 160, 180-1 Foundation, 10
voluntarism/voluntarist, in Britain, 133, 134
Wagner, K., 197-8 Wang, 99 Wajcman, J., 48 Walesa, L., 174 Wal-Mart, 26 Wallace, H., 243 Wallace,]., 99 Washington consensus, 244-53 Weber, M., 215 welfare capitalism, 4, 143 Wensum, 196 Western European, 190 Weston, S., 140 Whitley, R., 30 Wiesenthal, H., 246 Wilkinson, B., 58 Wolf, M., 24 Womack, J.D., 57 Woolridge, A., 24-S World Bank, 235, 244 World Commission on Economic
Development, 119 World Investment Report, 2004,
213 World Trade Organization (WTO), 19,
34-6, 41-2, 194, 228, 235 supranational institutions, 19
Wortmann, M., 181
Yoruk, D. E., 192 Yugoslavia, 170
Zander, U., 112 Zara, 199 Zeitlin,) ., 8, 46-7 Zurn, M., 217