Index 525

AAberdeen, City of 324, 396, 416, 421,

422, 454Aberdeen Daily News (newspaper) 324 Advance of Summer, Pageant, All Saints

206Active Generations 393Agassiz, Louis 11Ahnberg, town of 336Airbus A302, airplane 448Air Guard Bureau 448Air Mail Act of 1925 414Aker, Helena 222Aker, Peder P. 222Alberty, Fran 161Albright, Samuel 67Alexander, Ruth Ann 208All City Elementary (ACE) 508All Saints School 204-208, 236, 238,

239, 258All Saints School Catalogue (book) 206All Saints Retirement Community, 393All Souls Church 150, 151Allen, James M. 68Allen’s Hall, Sioux Falls 138Alternative School 508Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher

Workmen of North America, Local 306 434

American Fur Trading Company 46, 204, 236

American Airlines 448American Fighter Aces 465American Football League, 465American Legion 164American National Bank, Texas 363Amidon, Eliza 80Amidon, Joseph B., children of 87Amidon, Joseph B. 50, 80, 81, 84, 86-92,

94, 105, 166, 288Amidon, Lizzie J. 87, 88Amidon, Mahala 80, 83-86, 89

Amidon, Martha Eugenia, (Seaman) 81, 83, 85, 89

Amidon, William 80, 83, 84, 86-92, 94, 105, 166, 288

Amidon Family, deaths of 87Amidon Seaman, Jenny 83Amidons, slaying of 96, 99Amsterdam, N. Y. 87“Anchors Aweigh,” song 456Anderson, Albert 129Anderson, Laura B. 243Anderson, Laurie Lillehaug 393Andersonville Prison 126Andreev, Eugene 502Ann Arbor, MI 362Apply, Venita 442Aramta, Lebanon 390Arbor Day Plaza 516Argus Leader (See Sioux Falls Argus

Leader)Arlington, town of 336Arlington National Cemetery 396Armstrong, Emma 491 Army Air Force Insignia 475Army Air Force Patches 475Army Reserve Center 309Arrowhead Park 520-521Art Deco, architectural style 382Article for Education 362Astor, Charlotte Augusta 236, 237Astor, John Jacob 204, 236, 237AT-18 medium bomber 469, 472Atlanta, GA 492Atlatl 23Attorney General for South Dakota 396Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary 340Augustana Academy, Canton 209, 402Augustana College 244, 247, 393, 400,

478, 479, 509, 522Archeology Lab 90Heritage Park 209, 304, 400Mirror (student newspaper) 393

Avera McKennan Hospital 480

BB-17 Bomber 460, 462B-24 Liberator Bomber 460, 473, 474B-25 Mitchell Bomber 463, 476, 477Bacon, David Pastor 170Badger, town of 336Bailey, Dana R. 59Bailey, William 123Balko, Ted 442, 446, 447Baltic, town of 170, 188, 202, 510Baltic Lutheran 170Bancroft School 403Banning, Abraham, Richard, and David

152Banning’s Crossing 152-153Banning’s Mill 152-153Baptist Church 201Barber, Richard J., Pvt. 473Barchedine, John 408Barnes, Elsie 122Barnett Laundry 433Bartholdi, Frederic A., sculptor 467–468Bartling, Charles F. 316Battleship X 456–457Beadle, William H. H., Gen. 360–363Beaver Creek 304Beaver Valley, D. T. 171Beck, Guy 374Beloit, IA 120, 121, 304Ben Clare, town of 230, 231Ben Clare Band 230Benton Lutheran Church Cemetery 178-

179Benton Township. 179Berdahl, Andrew 209Berdahl, Karen 209Berdahl-Rölvaag House 209Beringia 22Berlin, Claude 370Berry, Thomas, Rev. 182-183, 185Berry, Tom, Governor 434Bethel Cemetery 127

Bethlehem Lutheran Congregation 304Better Homes & Gardens (magazine) 423Beulah Baptist Church 240Bidne, Arvid, Rev. 486Big Island Lake 401Big Sioux County 66Big Sioux Lumber Company 196Big Sioux River, Falls of, see Falls of the

Big Sioux RiverBig Sioux River 10, 14, 34, 46, 50,

56, 57, 66, 68, 90, 92, 96, 102, 118, 119, 120, 138,145, 152, 153, 154, 162, 163, 170, 174, 175, 186, 188, 192, 195, 200, 212, 218, 240, 242, 243, 248, 252, 288, 289, 305, 314, 328, 340, 374, 375, 415, 451, 478, 481, 504, 505, 517

Big Sioux River crossing 44Big Slide. Sherman Park 376–377Big Stone River Valley 391Bismarck, ND 181Billings Gazette (newspaper) 432Billings, MT 432Bismarck, ND 181Black granite 164, 309Black Hills 421, 422Blake, Bruce 119, 179, 195, 239, 375,

399, 432, 497, 515 Blaze-Szameit, Alexandra 512Blegen, Lu 498Blizzard of 1873 127Blood Run 49“Bloody Friday,” labor clash 434–435Blue Earth, MN 56, 118, 305Blue Mound State Park, MN 478-479Blue Star Memorial By-way 464Blum, Joseph 346, 347Boeing 747, airplane 448“Bolt From the Blue, A” (history presen-

tation) 397Bolton Lake George, N.Y. 87Boone, IA 171

Index

526 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

Booth, C. V. 120B. P. O. Elks Lodge No. 264 370Boardman, George, Sheriff 406Boeing 40-B mail plane 415 Bogdan, Frank M., Col. 473Boston Latin School 403Boston, MA 403Boughter, J. F. 34Boulevard Addition 225 , 515Boulevard Street 126, 225, 515Bowen, Frank 230Boy Scout Troop 207, Sioux Falls 289Bradley, Lee 436, 439Brady, Janet 508Bragstad, Rueben E. 59, 450Brandon (Fortified) Village 38Brandon, City of 34, 38, 48, 56, 162–

163, 175, 212Brandon, VT 162Brandon High School 195Brandon Lions Club 163Brandon Township 162Brandt, Red 273Braniff Airlines 448Brewery Hill 146Brickner, Martin, Pvt. 473Bridgewater, City of 454British Home Fleet 456Brockhouse, Henry 240Brookings, City of 420Brookings, Wilmot W. 58, 62, 67, 198Brown, Knapp 414Brown, Marshall R. 134Brown, Rush A. 414Brown, Thomas H. 72, 134, 210, 268Browning, John M. 450Brundahl, Arthur H., Sgt. 473Buffalo, NY 310Bryan, William Jennings 320–321, 321Buanarroti, Michelangelo 509Buffalo Bill, 290–295Buffalo Bill’s Wild West 293Buffalo House Hotel 232Buffalo Township 317Bullock, Seth, U. S. Marshall

324, 325, 326, 327Bunker Hill Day 363Burleigh, Walter A. 94Burlington, Cedar Rapids, and Northern

Railroad Co. (the Rock Island Line). 210

Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Depot 211

Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad 235, 332, 336

Burnside, George W. 72, 378Bushfield, Harlan, Governor 457Bushfield, Vera 456Butler, Frank 294Butte, MT 473Byg, Anna Raven 178Byg, Nels 179Byg, Nis 179Byg, Peter 178, 179

CCactus Hills 10-11Caesar, Julius 323 Cairo, IL 324Calley, Eunice Woodruff 239Calvary Cathedral 156, 182, 204,

236–239Camden, NJ 456Camp Dewey, Sioux Falls 306, 307Camp Merritt, San Francisco 308Camp Release 166-167Canada 290Canton, Ohio 313Canton, City of 121, 124, 304, 402Carnegie, Andrew 151Carnegie Free Public Library 151Carpenter Hotel 412Carroll, Thomas “St. Paul Tommy” 426,

429, 430, 433Carrow, Joseph 77Cascade Electric Light Company 202Cascade Hook and Ladder Company,

132, 146Cascade Mill dam 374, 375

Cascade Milling Company 154-155Casey, Edward W., Lieutenant 266, 267,

269Cashman, Leonard 288Cassidy Park, Sioux Falls 158Cataract Hotel 128, 114, 146-147, 156,

490Cataract, The (newpaper) 347Cathedral Historic District 150Cavalry Troop A 383 Cedar Rapids, Iowa Falls & Northwestern

Railroad 270Center for Western Studies 49, 85, 88,

89, 181Central Fire Station 146, 148, 149Central Plains Clinic 480Central School 72-73, 134-135, 200, 212,

349, 350, 351Chamberlain, City of 391Chapman, John 120Charles City, town of 352C. H. Atkinson Construction Co. 378Chatelain, Hubert P., gunner’s mate 456Cheman [Chemin] des Voyageurs (Road

of the Voyageurs) 49Cherry, U. S. G., Atty. 248Cherry Rock Bridge 328–329Chesapeake Bay 72Chester, town of 332, 336Cheyenne, WY 422Chicago, IL 226, 427Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific

Railroad 314Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway

212, 270, 332Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Oma-

ha Line 212Children’s Care Hospital & School

484–485Chokecherry Tree (novel) 479Chouteau, William 77Chrisman, Harley, patrolman 433Christian Church, Spencer, SD 173Christensen, Alfred 379Christensen, Marit 379

Christensen Round Barn 379Christianson, Emil M. 458–459Church News (newspaper), Diocese of

South Dakota 239Church of St. Augusta [Cavalry Ca-

thedral], originally called 236, 237, 238

Church of the Holy Sepulchre 236Cigar Manufacturing 112, 113Citibank South Dakota 522Citizens’ National Bank 481City Auditorium 148, 149, 322, 433, 492City Federation of Women’s Clubs 423City Temple, Sioux Falls 139Civil Aeronautics Administration 448Civil Aeronautics Association 451Civil War 56, 72, 94, 132, 198, 290, 314,

367, 384, 459, 497Civil War Cannon 200, 212Civil War Soldier (statue) 200Civil Works Administration 423Clark Coats Athletic Field 370, 371Clark, William 77Clarke, China, bank president 428Clayton, Rose 491Cleveland, Grover, President 248, 467Coal Gasification Plant 196Coco Beach, FL 399Cody, William F. (Buffalo Bill) 290–295Colby, Leonard, General 258Coliseum, Sioux Falls 382–

383, 384, 386, 387, 495Annex 382

Collegiate Gothic, architectural style. 391

Colton, Charles 296Colton, Ellen 302Colton, John Edmund 296–297, 298,

302, 332Colton, Paulina J. (Miller) 296, 298Colton, town of 297, 298–301,

332, 333, 336Colton American Legion baseball team

300Colton Courier, The (newspaper) 296

Index 527Colton High School girls basketball

team 303Colton Land and Investment Company

302Colton Methodist Church 296Colton Public Schools 302–303Colton School band 303Colton Telephone Company 296

Columbus College 391, 395, 414, 454Crew 391Mariners (athletic team) 391

Commerce City (Canton) 57Commercial Club of Sioux Falls 197Congressional Medal of Honor 465Conklin, Bill 433Conquering Horse (novel) 478Constitutional Convention 199, 362Constitution Hall 380Convention Hall 382Cooley, A. J. 216Coolidge, Calvin, President 421, 422Coon, Irene Fisher, nurse 484, 485Copper knife 36, 37Corning, Duane “Duke” 448Corson, town of 4, 39Corson, Henry 114Corson, W. H. 114Cosmopolitan Club 392Costine, Rowein 226Coteau des Prairies 13-14, 17Cottam, Geoffrey I. W., M.D. 480County Highway 130 314Courts of Inquiry 312Covell Lake 61Covell’s Slough 92Cradle Roll 141Crippled Children’s Hospital and School

465Crooks, town of 178, 332, 336, 370, 510Crow Creek Agency 104Crown Point, IN 427Cuba 394Curtiss Exhibition Company 370Currey, Paul, 1st Lt. 473Curtiss, Glenn 371, 373

Curtiss Pusher Biplane 212, 370, 371, 372, 373, 414

Custer Battlefield Highway 398Custer, George Armstrong, General 293Custer, City of 327Custer State Park 422Cuthbert, Emily 120Cuthbert, Thomas, Rev. 120-121Czolgosz, Leon, anarchist 313

DDahl, Will 374 Dakota, execution of 105Dakota Boom 54, 186, 230, 231Dakota Cavalry 80, 84, 91-92, 114Dakota Collegiate Institute 201Dakota Conflict of 1862 88, 104-106,

288Dakota History Conference 324Dakota Relays 351Dakota State University 361David, statue of 356Deadwood stagecoach 290Delavan, MN. 306Dakota Democrat (Newspaper) 57, 67,

71Dakota Distributing 195Dakota House, 66Dakota Land Company 56-57, 68, 69Dakota Migration 104Dakota Territory Legislature 118, 183Dakota, War of 1862 50-56, 58Dakotah Territory 66Daniels, John K., sculptor 517Daughters of the American Revolution,

Mary Chilton Chapter 380–381Daughters of the American Revolution,

National Society of 380–381Davenport, Dorothy Day 380–381Dawley, Bill 439Dawley, Delores 439Dawley, Fred 436, 439Dawley, Freda 436, 439Day, George, Pvt. 381

DC-3 aircraft 448Deadwood stagecoach 290Dearborn, MI 479Declaration of Independence 392 Decorah, Iowa 118Decoration Day 164Delavan, MN. 306Delaware River 456Delbridge Museum of Natural History

240Dell Rapids, city of 12, 102, 188, 442,

447Dell Rapids Tribune (newspaper) 447Deming Bros. stagecoach 128Denver, CO 421, 422Department of Air Commerce 448Department of Veterans Affairs 394Detroit, MI 190Devil’s Gulch 144Devil’s Gulch Park 256Devil’s Lake 93De Weldon, Felix W., sculptor 509Dewitt, Mr. 69Diedrich, Mark 167Dillinger, John 426–433Dinky, the, motorcar 338Distinguished Flying Cross 373, 465District No. 10 School Board 122Divorce Capital of the Nation 156-157Donahoe Clinic 480–481Donahoe, John W., M.D. 480Donahoe, Robert R., M.D. 480Donahoe, Stephen A., M.D. 480,

480–481Donahue, Ray 408Don Almo Cigar Factory 113Dodd, Edna 271Dolph, town of 336Doolittle, Jimmy, Lt. Colonel 477Doolittle Raid 477Doolittle, W. T. 163Doran, Mary 83, 88, 89Dow, Wallace L. 109, 114, 138,

204, 207, 208, 226, 514, 520, 521Dresh, R. T. 354

Dubuque, IA 58, 60, 66, 68, 226Dubuque House 58, 59Ducken, Sam K. 140Duffy, Peter, patrolman 428Dunham, Jonathan 158Dunham Park 107

EEagle Boy Scouts, 380Earth-hut villages 40Earthquake (!938) 18, 19East Chicago Police Department. 427East Hall, Lutheran Normal School, Au-

gustana College 245, 246East Sioux Falls, town of 119, 218–221,

222, 224, 231, 252, 253, 520East Sioux Falls Public School 220

Echoes of the Sioux (booklet) 61Eddy, Anna M. 364Edison, Thomas, inventor 313Edgemont, town of 326Edmunds, Newton, Governor 94, 157Edson Grocery 240Edwards, Ninian 77Eells, George 174 Elk Point, DT 120, 121Egan, George W. 346, 347, 348 Egan, Mary Hayden Lyons 180Egan, Thomas 180-181Egan children, Catherine, Sylvester, John

and Tommy 180Eggers School 331Eide, Elias 222Eide, Synva 222Eiffel, Gustave 468Eiffel Tower 468electric rail line 252–255Elgin, OR 473Ellefson, Oscar 458Ellis, SD 127Elm, Elmer 222Elm, John 222Elm, Mabel 222Elm, Mathias 222

528 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

Elm, Oscar 222Elm, Victor 222Elmwood Municipal Golf Course. 240Elmwood Park 102Elmwood Park 240Elster, James and Louise 304Ely, Eugene B., pilot 372–373Emerson Park 403Emerson, Ralph Waldo 403Emerson School 403, 508Emmelmann, F. G., T. Sgt. 473Eminija, town of 56, 57Eminija mounds 30, 34, 35Empire State Building 476Endahl, Ione 510Endahl, Vern 510Enlisted Men’s Barracks, Fort Dakota 96Enterprise, aircraft carrier 456Episcopal Church, 208Episcopal Diocese of South Dakota 208,

459Episcopal Women’s History Project, 208EROS (Earth Resources Observations

Systems) 17Espionage Act 108Eureka Manufacturing Company 134Europe 290European Theater of War 474Evangelical Lutheran Church of America

486

FFaith Preschool 498 Falls City Street Railway Company

232–233Falls Park 2, 6, 22, 50, 58, 191, 192,

504, 522Falls of the Big Sioux River 76,118, 478,

522Fanebust, Wayne 57, 67, 119, 229, 231Fantle, Charles 156Fantle’s Store 156Fargo, ND 416, 421, 422Fawick Flyer 324, 356

Accident, 1912 357Delivery Truck 357Only Remaining 357

Fawick, Marie L. 509Fawick Park 196, 202, 356, 393Fawick, Tomas L., inventor 356, 509Federal Airport aid 448Federal Courthouse 380Federal Farm Loan act 386Federal Reserve Act 386Federal Trade Commission 386Feikema, Frederick Feike (Fred Manfred)

478Festival of Progress 440–443Field Artillery. 147th 384, 385 Fifth mound 30, 31Fire Alarm Bell Tower 147first airplane flight over Sioux Falls

370–371First Baptist Church 138-139, 490first concrete street, Sioux Falls 378First Congregational Church 124First Christian Church 248First Lutheran Church, Sioux Falls 135,

486First Methodist Church 147First National Bank of Mason City, IA

429First Regiment of the South Dakota Vol-

unteers 310First State Bank of Renner 406–409First South Dakota National Guard, Com-

pany B 306First State Bank of Renner 314First Thanksgiving 381Flandreau, city of 46, 56-57, 106-107Flandreau, colony of 104Flandreau Indian School 427Fleetwood, A.T. , Postmaster 91Fletcher, Berkley G., Sgt. 473Florell, Gustave and Ida 162Foley, town of 336Ford Tri-Motor airplane 427 Fort Dakota 58, 60, 84, 86, 94, 96, 99,

102, 104, 106-107, 109, 118, 120-

121, 124, 132, 288, 314Fort Dakota Cemetery 91Fort Dakota Military Reservation 98Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 107Fort Randall 288Fort Randall Cemetery 132Fort Ridgely 47Fort Sod 68-69Fort Sod Park 69Fortified Village Artifacts 38Fosdick mansion 364, 365Foss, Joseph J. “Joe,” Ace Pilot, Gover-

nor 414 , 448, 450, 465–466Foss, Mary Lacey 466 Foster, Cassie 127Foster, John Morrell 414Foster, Robert Jr. 127Foster, Robert and Lillie 127Foster, Sarah 127Fourth of July 240Fox, Frank, Rev. Dr. 124-125Fox-Wisconsin Portage 49Frazier, Troy R., Sgt. 473Frechette, Mary Evelyn “Billie” 427Freimuth, Joe 485French and Indian War 95Frick, W. H. 248“From Glory to Glory” (motto)

204, 207, 208

GGage, Anna 398 Gage, Emily 57Gage, Luther 398Galbraith, Thomas, Indian Agent 167Gale, Artemus 164, 204, 345Gales Grove (park) 164Gallagher, Richard 470, 472Gallet, D. G. 324Gamewell Fire Alarm System 147Garfield, James 93Garfleld School 508Garretson, A. S. 256Garretson, City of 10, 12, 129, 144, 153,

165, 209, 216, 256–257, 440Garretson, James 209 Gasification Plant Explosion 203Gatch, Thomas L., Captain 456General Beadle College 361Georgia 373German Fest 510, 511Germania Hall 198–200, 362Ghost Dance 264, 265, 293 Ghost Shirts 263, 264, 265Giebink, Robert, M.D. 498, 500Giants in the Earth (novel) 102, 209,

400, 402 Gibraltar, known as 118Gillis, Lester “Baby Face Nelson” 426,

428, 429, 431, 433Glacial Drift 13Glacier 11, 12Glidden, Josephine 132Glidden Memorial Chapel 132, 133Goddard, Caroline 167Goddard, George 166Goddard, Jenny 167Goddard, John B. 166, 167Goehring, Phillip 112Goodhue County, MN 103Goodwin, Rebecca 68Grace Lutheran Church 486Graff, A.N., Mayor 448, 450Grand Army of the Republic 72, 212Grand Hotel, Garretson 256, 257Grand Lodge of Iowa, Masons 268Grange Avenue, Sioux Falls 497Granite Cutters’ National Union - East

Sioux Falls, Dakota, Branch 224Grant, Ulysses S, Gen., President. 93Grassel, Sister Blandine 454Grasshopper invasion, 1870s 136-137Great Bear Recreation Park 10Great Bend of the Big Sioux River 14Great Depression 270, 273, 351, 390,

408, 434, 435, 440, 481, 497Great Northern Railway 235,

332, 335, 336, 337, 422Great Plains Zoo 344, 459

Index 529Green Bay, WI. 49Green, Eddie 428, 429Gregory, Edward M., Pvt. 473Grigsby, Melvin, Col. 126, 198, 225,

322, 344, 515Grigsby’s Cowboys 126, 322

Grinde, C. A. 328Grumman F4F, fighter 466Guadalcanal, Battle of 456, 465 Grupp, Carl 33Guggenheim Fund 416

HHale, Gen. 309Haley & Lang Co 113Halk, South Jutland, Denmark, village

of 178Hall of Statuary 361Halloween 399Hanford Tri-State Airlines 414Hamilton, John 428, 429Hamre, Aad 222Hamre, Aadina 222Hannus, L. Adrien 24, 90Hanson, C. F. 171Hanson, Ray 446Hanson, Vince 186, 187Hardwick, MN 447Hare, William Hobart, Bishop 156.

204, 205, 206, 236, 237, 238Harris, John, Dr., Superintendent 508Harrison, Benjamin, 198Harris, Willann 491Hart, Thomas F., Col. 473Hartford, city of 8, 16, 180, 447Hartford Ash 8Hartford Township 179Hartman, Carol 317Hartman, Christine 317Hartman, John Sr. 316–317Hartman, townsite of 316Hartman Hall 316Hatlestad, Nita 498Haugen, J. O., Rev. 304

Havana, Cuba 311Hawthorne School 403Haydl, Helga 510 Hayes, Ardie, Rev. 490, 492Hayes, Harley 433Hayes, Lenora 491Hayti, town of 336Hayward, O. A. 122-123Hayward Elementary School 122Hegge, Sivert O. 129Heidebrink, Louie 36Hempfling, John 316Henegar, Russel D., conductor 392Henkin, Joseph 412–413Henkin, Morton 413Henkin, Sylvia 397, 413Henry Ford Community College 479Henry, Patrick, patriot 487Here’s Life (org.) 465Heritage of the Plains (journal) 479Hewett, S. M. 288Heywood, Joseph Lee 145Highmore, town of 396Hill, Alfred J. 34, 56-57Hill, James J. 235Hills, MN 458Hilltop area, Sioux Falls 486Hilpert, John M. 324Hilton, Amos W., Rev. 138HISTORICAL MARKERS

PROLOGUE:GEOLOGIC 1CACTUS HILLS 10EARTHQUAKE (1938) 18GREAT BEND (of the Big Sioux

River) 14INLAND SEAS 6MAGMA 4ROCKY RIDGE 16SIOUX QUARTZITE 2TWIN MOUNDS 12VOLCANIC ASHFALL 8

CHAPTER 1: PREHISTORIC 21COPPER KNIFE 36EARTH-HUT VILLAGES 40

EMINIJA MOUNDS 34FIFTH MOUND 30FORTIFIED VILLAGE 38LINEAR MOUND 32MAMMOTH 24MOUND BUILDERS VILLAGE 26SHERMAN PARK INDIAN BURIAL

MOUNDS 28

CHAPTER 2: HISTORIC 431851 INDIAN TREATY 50FUR TRAPPER AMBUSH 48HISTORIC RIVER CROSSING 44PHILANDER PRESCOTT 46PRESCOTT GRAVE MARKER 47

CHAPTER 3, MINNESOTA TERRI-TORY 53

DAKOTA LAND COMPANY 57DUBUQUE HOUSE 58EMINIJA 56HATTIE C. PHILLIPS 61HONORING PIONEERS 55JOSIAH PHILLIPS 60PIONEER MEMORIAL, THE 54SENEY ISLAND 62

CHAPTER 4: UNORGANIZED TERRITORY 65

DAKOTA DEMOCRAT, THE 71FORT SOD PARK 69INCIDENT AT FORT SOD 68SEACOAST GUN 72SITE OF FORT SOD 69SQUATTER GOVERNMENT

AT SIOUX FALLS CITY 66TRI-STATE MARKER 70

CHAPTER 5: DAKOTA TERRITO-RY, PART I, 1861 to 1869 75

AMIDON AFFAIR 80AMIDON GRAVES MYSTERY 90AMIDON STONE HOUSE 84BARRACKS OF FORT DAKOTA 97DAKOTA CONFLICT 88

EARLY SETTLERS’ ASSOCIATION 102

FLANDREAU COLONY 104FORT DAKOTA 96FORT DAKOTA, D. T. 96FORT DAKOTA MILITARY RESER-

VATION 98FORT DAKOTA SOLDIERS 100JOHN AND KIRSTI THOMPSON,

PIONEERS 102MAKANA NA OTA E ‘EN, IN MEM-

ORY OF 92MASSACRE SITE 93MILITARY ROAD 101MINNEHAHA COUNTY 76OLD YANKTON TRAIL and STAGE

ROAD 78OWANCATOWIN 107SITE OF THE THOMPSON SOD

HOUSE 103TWO CEMETERIES 86U.S. SENATOR R. F. PETTIGREW

108YANKTON TRAIL 79

CHAPTER 6: DAKOTA TERRITO-RY, Part II, 1870-1879 113

CATARACT 114CIGAR MANUFACTURING 112COL. MELVIN GRIGSBY 126GRASSHOPPER INVASIONS, 1870s

136FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 138FIRST CONGREGATIONAL

CHURCH 124FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL 134FIRST UNITED METHODIST

CHURCH 120FOSTER CHILDREN TRAGEDY 127HAYWARD SCHOOL 122IVERSON CROSSING ROAD 118MOUNT PLEASANT CEMETERY

132STAGECOACH STATION 128ST. PAULUS LUTHERAN CHURCH

530 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

129WILLOW CREEK LUTHERAN

CHURCH 140CHAPTER 7: DAKOTA TERRITO-

RY, PART III, 1879-1879 143BANNING’S MILL AND CROSSING

152BENTON LUTHERAN CHURCH

160BRANDON, THE CITY OF 162 CASCADE MILLING COMPANY

154DEVIL’S GULCH 144DIVORCE CAPITAL 156EARLY FIREFIGHTING IN SIOUX

FALLS 146ELIZA TUPPER WILKES 150HISTORY OF VALLEY SPRINGS 159JAMES BROTHERS 145LYON HOUSE, THE 164 McHARDY PARK 163OLD NIDAROS, THE TRAVELING

CHURCH 170SPLIT ROCK CREEK TRAGEDY 174SWEDONA EVANGELICALCOVENANT CHURCH 171TAOPI 166VALLEY SPRINGS , THE TOWN OF

158W. H. LYON FAIRGROUNDS 165

CHAPTER 8: DAKOTA TERRITO-RY, PART IV, 1880-1889 177

ALL SAINTS CORNERSTONE 208BERDAHL-RØLVAAG HOUSE 209CRADLE OF STATEHOOD 198FIRST INDUSTRIAL PARK 196FROM GLORY TO GLORY 204GASLIGHT ERA, THE 202HANGING OF AN INNOCENT

MAN, THE 180 MEREDITH HALL 201OYEN-PERSON LOG CABIN 186PETER BYG, PRAIRIE FIRE VICTIM

178

PRISON QUARRY 190QUEEN BEE MILL 192ROCK ISLAND DEPOT 210SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL FOR

THE DEAF 182ST. OLAF ROLLER MILL AND

POWER DAM 188TERRITORIAL BRIDGE 212THOMAS H. BROWN MEMORIAL

210

CHAPTER 9: DAKOTA TERRITO-RY, PART V, 1880-1889 215

BEN CLARE, DAKOTA TERRITORY 230

BISHOP HARE’S GRAVESTONE 238BOULEVARD STREET 225CALVARY BRONZE TABLET 238CALVARY CATHEDRAL 236EAST SIOUX FALLS, THE CITY OF

218GREAT NORTHERN 235HORSE-DRAWN STREETCARS 232ILLINOIS CENTRAL DEPOT 234PALISADE , VILLAGE OF 217PETTIGREW-TATE LAND GRANT

244FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH 248QUARTZITE PAVING STONES 228RIVERSIDE SCHOOL 243ROWENA, DAKOTA TERRITORY,

THE TOWN OF 226SILVER RUSH 216ST. AUGUSTA CHURCH CORNER-

STONE 238STONECUTTER JOHN ELM 222TOWN PUMP, THE 242WEST SIOUX FALLS 240

CHAPTER 10: SOUTH DAKOTA, PART I, 1889-1899 251

ELECTRIC MOTOR LINE 252FEDERAL COURT TRIAL SITE 268GARRETSON 256GOVERNMENT BUILDING, THE

282INSTITUTION OF ORGANIZED

KINDNESS, AN 278LOST BIRD 258LOWELL SCHOOL 275MINNEHAHA COUNTY COURT-

HOUSE, THE 274ROWENA METHODIST CHURCH

276SHINDLER 270TASUNKE-OTA 266

CHAPTER 11: SOUTH DAKOTA, PART II, 1889-1899, 287

BEAVER CREEK LUTHERAN CHURCH 304

BUFFALO BILL 290CAPTAIN JONAS H. LIEN GRAVE-

STONE 309COLTON, JOHN EDMUND 296COLTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS 302FOUNDING OF COLTON 298HARTMAN, TOWNSITE OF 316IVERSON CROSSING BRIDGE 305JONAS H. LIEN, ARMED FORCES

RESERVE CENTER 309LT. JONAS LIEN 306RENNER, VILLAGE OF 314WILLIAM McKINLEY, PRESIDENT

310YANKTON TRAIL BRIDGE 288

CHAPTER 12: SOUTH DAKOTA PART III, 1900-1909 319

1900 CAMPAIGN WHISTLE-STOP 322

1908 PALISADES BRIDGE 343A PARK BORN IN CONTROVERSY

344CHERRY ROCK BRIDGE 328CHERRY ROCK BRIDGE PLATES

329EGGERS SCHOOL 331HELEN GALE MCKENNAN 345HOWARD WOOD 351

HUNTIMER 352KAUFMANN HOUSE MYSTERY

346MANCHESTER BISCUIT COMPANY

330MCKENNAN PARK ZOO 344MINNEHAHA COUNTRY CLUB 340PEOPLE’S PARTY CONVENTION

320SOUTH DAKOTA CENTRAL 332SOUTH DAKOTA CENTRAL RAIL-

ROAD 336TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S VISIT TO

EDGEMONT 326THOMAS L. FAWICK 356WASHINGTON HIGH SCHOOL 349WHS CORNERSTONE 351

CHAPTER 13: SOUTH DAKOTA, PART IV, 1910-1919 359

BIG SLIDE 376BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM

H. H. BEADLE 362CHRISTENSEN 1917 ROUND BARN

379COLISEUM,THE 382DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN

REVOLUTION 380FIRST CONCRETE STREET 378FIRST FLYING MACHINE 370MILL DAM TRAGEDY 374PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

386SCULPTOR H. DANIEL WEBSTER

360WALLNER GARDENS 366WOMAN’S ALLIANCE 364

CHAPTER 14: SOUTH DAKOTA, PART V, 1920-1929 389

1882 ROYAL CLEAVES JOHNSON 1939 396

AAUW, SIOUX FALLS BRANCH 404

ALBERT M. MANSOR 390

Index 531COLUMBUS COLLEGE 391DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AF-

FAIRS 394EMERSON SCHOOL 403JAPANESE GARDENS 423JAPANESE GARDENS ARBOR 423J. F. MADDOX 423LINDBERGH LANDING 416MCKENNEN PARK BAND SHELL

CORNERSTONE 393OLE RÖLVAAG’S WRITING CABIN

400PUMPKIN CENTER 398RADIO STATION KSOO 412RADIO STATION WFAT 397RENNER FIELD 410SIOUX FALLS MUNICIPAL BAND

392SOO SKYWAYS AIRPORT 414WOMEN BANDITS 406

CHAPTER 15: SOUTH DAKOTA PART VI, 1930-1939 425

AIRPORT CORNERSTONE 450BLOODY FRIDAY 434DILLINGER GANG BANK ROB-

BERY 426FESTIVAL OF PROGRESS 440JOE FOSS FIELD 450MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 448NATIONAL CORN HUSKING CON-

TEST, 1938 442POWDER HOUSE BLAST, 1936 436

CHAPTER 16: SOUTH DAKOTA, PARTVII, 1940-1949 453

BATTLESHIP X 456BLUE STAR MEMORIAL BY-WAY

464BOMBER RAMS SKYSCRAPER 476DONAHOE CLINIC 480FORGOTTEN HEROES 473FREDERICK MANFRED’S “SIOUX-

LAND” 478

JOE FOSS 465JOE FOSS - FLYING MARINE 466LADY LIBERTY 467MIDAIR COLLISION 469PILLARS OF THE NATION 458PRESENTATION CHILDREN’S

HOME 454SIOUX FALLS ARMY TECHNICAL

SCHOOL 460

CHAPTER 17: SOUTH DAKOTA, PART VIII, 1950-On 483

ALL CITY ELEMENTARY 508ARBOR DAY PLAZA 516ARROWHEAD PARK 520BIRTHPLACE OF THE MODERN

HOT AIR BALLOON 488CHILDREN’S CARE HOSPITAL &

SCHOOL 484MARTIN LUTHER KING 490McKENNAN PARK HISTORIC DIS-

TRICT 515MISSION CHURCH 486MOSES 509MR. SOCCER” MANFRED SZAMEIT

510OLD COURTHOUSE AND WARE-

HOUSE HISTORIC DISTRICT 514

OLD NIDAROS CHURCH REPLICA 518

PATRICK HENRY MIDDLE SCHOOL 487

PHILLIPS TO THE FALLS 522“RISE” AND THE BIG SIOUX RIVER

504SHERMAN CENTENNIAL PLAZA

517SIOUX FALLS HISTORIC DISTRICT

507SOUTH DAKOTA ACHIEVE 498STRATOSPHERE BALLOONIST 502

History of Minnehaha County (book) 57, 59, 94

History of the Sioux Falls Municipal

Band, The (book) 392, 393Hitler, Adolph 510Hobsonville (Shindler), first called 270Hokenson Cemetery. 222Holien, Ried 113Hollister, Dorothy 498, 499 Hollister School 498, 499Holy Land 236Homestead Act of 1862 158Hoover, Herbert, President 497Hope School 498Horse-drawn Fire Wagon 149Hotchkiss cannon 261Houlton, ME 150Howard, C. K. 104, 106 ,Howard, Tom 3Hoyt, Thelma Berry 57Hubbard, C. W. 218Hudson, DT 120, 121Hugil & Blatherwick, Architects 450Humboldt, Wellington Telephone Com-

pany 316Huntemer, P. W., Mrs. 420Huntimer, Charles and Ellen Family 353

Huntimer, Alice 353Huntimer, Amelia 353Huntimer, Bernice 355Huntimer, Frank 353Huntimer, Frederick 353Huntimer, Lucille 354Huntimer, Martin 352Huntimer, Susan 353

Huntimer, Charles B. 352Huntimer elevator fire 355Huntimer, Ellen Sweeney 352Huntimer, town of

General Store 354St. Josephs Parish 352St. Joseph the Workman Catholic

Church 352Huron, City of 416, 421, 422Huseboe, Arthur R. 49, 479Hvid, Hans Zahl 140Hydro Electric Plant 62

IIce Age 10I De Dage Fortaelling om Norske Nykom-

mere i Amerika (In Those Days A Story About Norwegian Immi-grants in America) (novel) 400

Ihlen, MN 174, 175Illinois Central Depot 219, 234, 332Illinois Central Railroad

218, 226, 230, 231, 234, 422Indiana 362Industrial Park, Sioux Falls 196Ingham, Septimus Watson 120Inkpaduta, Chief 92, 94Iowa 373, 478Iowa State University 373Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 97Irving, Washington 135Irving School 135, 508Isostatic Rebound 18Italian Renaissance 509Ivanhoe (novel) 226, 227Iversen, Kaj 179Iverson Crossing 305Iverson Crossing Bridge 305Iverson, Norman 119Iverson, Ole B. 118, 119, 305Iverson, Thelma and Elma 467Ives (East Sioux Falls), known as 218I Win, racing horse 316

JJames, Frank 144, 145, 256James, Jesse 144, 145, 256Jane Addams School 508Jaycee’s Outstanding Young Men 465Jayne, William 80, 92Jefferson, Rosanne Parker 491Jelsma, Verlys 485Jenney, Adeline, Poet Laureate 158, 159Jennings, Kate 331Jensen, Jim 442, 447Jensen, Nellie 442, 447Jerome, Bible translator 509

532 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

Jochumsen, Birthe 179Joe Foss Field 448, 490, 502John Morrell Company Packing Plant

434, 435Johnson, Andrew 98Johnson, Earl, Rev. 141Johnson, Hans J. 316Johnson, John and Carl 316Johnson, John O. 321Johnson, Leonard 179Johnson’s Grocery Store, Hartman 316Johnson, Royal C., Congressman 394,

396John the Baptist 236Jones, Rowena 226Jordan Hall, SFC 78

KK K Stores 195Kagel, Jerome, 1st Lt. 473Kangisapa (Black Crow) 106 Kansas 202Kari-Keen airplane 448Kaufman murder trial 346–348

First Flandreau Trial 348Special Prosecutor 348

Kaufmann, Emma 346–348Kaufmann, Moses 346Kawani, Koichi 423Keeler, Carleton H., 1st Lt. 473Keith, Hale, police officer 426, 428, 429,

431, 433Kelly, George 510Kennedy Space Center 399Kentfield, Nancy 153KEY CONTRIBUTORS

Amundson, Loren H. 301 Anderson, Lavonne 64Bailey, Rose 64Brende, Herman and Marvel 424Byg, Cecil 178Center for Western Studies 214Dockendorf Equipment Co. Inc. 52Eitrheim, Joan 20

Ex Machina Publishing Company 524Fanebust, Wayne 255Grupp, Carl 33Hannus, L. Adrien 25Hanson, Milton 52Hofer, Dallas 286Hogan, William S. 286Huseboe, Arthur R. 52Jacobson, Verlyss 42Jennings, Carol 110Kentfield, Jon H. 74Kilian, Tom 247Kolbe, Robert 339Lillehaug, Leland 110Mary Chilton DAR Foundation 64Mashek, Carol 142Metli, Dianne 64Minnehaha Century Fund 452Moe, Cecil 186Munson, Aaron and Jan 119Neish, Richard and Ardis 451Olson, Gary D. 74Oyos, Lynwood E. 74Richardson, Jeanne Schulte 195Rieper, Robin Burns 239Seten, Don 110Sioux Falls Area Community Founda-

tion 20Sioux Falls Board of Historic Preserva-

tion 250Sioux Falls, City of 318Siouxland Heritage Museum 176Sioux Valley Genealogy Society 358Smith, Clayton F., Rev. 142Smorada, James, Journalist 424Thiele, Alica P. 42Thompson, Harry F. 42Tingley, Ralph and R. N. Kay 20Tomhave, D. W. 5Underberg, Richard 142Webster, William L. 133Webster-Voigt, Jane 28Whealy, Don 169Yeager, Terry and Stephanie 538

Key West, FL 311

Kidder, Jefferson P., Judge 180Kilian, Tom 35, 49, 57, 247King, Martin Luther, Jr., Dr. 490–493Kirby, Joe 228Kitteredge, Alfred, Sen. 363Kitty Hawk, NC 370, 414Kiwanis Avenue, Sioux Falls 340, 480Kiwanis Park 62, 104Kleinheinz Brothers 112Knife & Fork Club 490Kolding, Denmark 179Kuehn, Ann Louise 365Ku Klux Klan 494, 495, 497

LLacey, Charles 90Lacey, Ed 436Lacey, Sheldon 436Ladies’ History Club 150Laframboise, Joseph 80Lake County 332Lake Norden, town of 336Langford, William B. 340Larchwood, IA 270Larson Hardware powder house 436Lassig, M. 212Late Wisconsin glaciation 13, 14, 16, 76

Des Moines Lobe 14, 15James Lobe 14, 15, 17

Latin Vulgate Bible 509Laura B. Anderson Elementary School

390LaValley Township 304Leakey, Emily 249Leakey, Milton R. 248-249Laura B. Anderson Elementary School

243, 508Lebkuchen 511ledger book drawings 264League of Nations 386, 387LeMars, IA 152Le Sueur, Charles Pierre 46, 48, 49Leao, Daniel and Catherine 127Ledyard, Lottie 124, 134

Lee, Clarence 174, 175Lee, E. K. 174, 175Lee, Susan 174, 175Lee, Thorsten 163Legislative Divorces 157Lien, Burre H., mayor 225, 306Lien, Jonas H., Lt. 306–309Lien Park 4, 306, 390Lien Park quarry 164Life (magazine) 465Lifto, Eurby (livery owner) 301Lifto, Norma 355Lillehaug, Leland A. 392–393Lillibridge, Edith Kellar 364Lincoln, Abraham, President 88, 105,

362Lincoln County 304Lindbergh, Charles A., Col. 416–422Linear Mound 32Lions Club, Sioux Falls Downtown 512Little Bighorn, Battle of, 1876 293Little Crow, Chief 50, 80, 84, 91Little Flower orphanage 454Little Missouri, DT 322Little Missouri River. 326Living Bear, father of Plenty Horses, 267Lizard Speaks: Essays on the Writings of

Frederick Manfred (book) 479Lodi Township, MN 166, 167Loftesness, Ray 239Logan, IA 347“Long Forgotten Trail” (poem) 78Longfellow School 403Long Island, NY 421, 422Lord Grizzly (novel) 478Lost Bird 262Lowell School 275, 493Lowe, Melissa 491Lucas, Mary 432Ludeman, Carmeta 498Lupisella, Anthony P., Sgt. 473Lutheran Normal School 244–247Luverne, MN 478Lynch, Sister Adorine 455Lynn, H. D. “Doc” 391

Index 533Lynn, Pat 391Lyon, William H. 78, 151, 164Lyon, Winona (Dolly) Axtell 151, 164Lyon Park 72, 73, 164, 200Lyons, town of 332, 336MMaas, Randy 382 Maddox, J. F. 423Madison, city of 332, 361, 412Madüsee, Pomerania, Germany 510Magma 4, 306

Corson Diabase 4Main Avenue, Sioux Falls 497Makana Na Ota E ‘En 92Mammoth 23, 25Manchester Biscuit Company 330Manchester, Lawrence D. 330Manfred, Frederick F., author 175, 478-

479Manila, Philippine Islands 308Manila Trenches, Battle of 312Mankato, MN 104, 105Manly-Hearted Woman (novel) 478Mansor, Albert M. 390Mansor Pioneer Park 390Mapleton Township 314MAPS

Airbase Crash Site 470Amidon Burial Mound 90Ben Clare in 1903 231Beringia 22Dakota Migration, 1869 104Dillinger Gang Getaway Route 433Eminija Mounds 39First Ice Age 10Fort Dakota 97Fort Dakota Military Reservation 98Fortified Village Site 39Glacial Drift (in SD) 13Grasshopper Damage in 1876 137Great Bend of the Big Sioux River 14Interior Seaway 6James and Des Moines Glacial Lobes

15Late Wisconsin Ice Sheet 13

Le Sueur’s 1701 Map 49Linear Mound 32Lindbergh’s Transcontinental Tour 421Maximum Glaciation 15North Village 40Origin of Glaciers 12Palisade, Dakota Territory 217Rocky Ridge 16Security National Bank Floor Plan 428Sioux Falls, federal survey, 1859 59Sioux Falls 1881 45Sioux Falls City, 1862 89Sioux Quartzite Deposits 3Soo Skyways Airport 415South Dakota Central Railway 335South Village 41Split Rock Creek Tragedy Site 175Wounded Knee Massacre Site 261

Marcell, MN 400“Marching Through Georgia” (song) 198Marilao, Battle of 309Mark Twain 128Mark Twain School 403Martin Luther King Day 490Mary Chilton Chapter of the Daughters of

the American Revolution 164Maryland 182Maryland Flying Camp Militia 381Mashek, Carol Martin 78, 225Masonic Lodge 210Masonic Lodge No. 5 268-269Masonic Temple Annex 266Masquery, Emanuel L., architect 507massacre site, 1864 450Masters, Henry 67, 86, 87Mastodon Jasper Crusher 226, 227Mathison, Dina 222Maxwell Hardware, Sioux Falls 433May Fete, All Saints 204Mayflower (ship) 380–381McCarthy, Mother M. Raphael 454McCormick, Samuel, contractor 225, 515McHardy, Bryson, Dr. 162, 163McHardy, Hazel 162, 163McHardy Park (Brandon) 48, 162, 163

McKean, Bill 397McKennan, Dr. William 345McKennan, Helen Gale 126, 225,

344–345, 459, 481, 515McKennan Hospital 344, 481McKennan Park 126, 342, 344–345

392, 459, 515McKennan Park Band Shell 393McKennan Park Historic District 515McKennan Park Zoo 344World War I Memorial 383

McKenzie, W. B. “Bram” 412–413McKinley, Ida Saxton 310McKinley School 349McKinley, William, President 310–313,

320, 322, 323, 327McKinney, Dennis 132McKinnon, Thomas, Mayor 420, 495,

497Medal of Honor. 292Medary, Town of 56, 57, 68, 69Medora, DT 322Meehan, John 374Memorial Continental Hall 380Menominee Indian Reservation, WI 427Meredith, Evan B., Rev. 138, 201,

240, 241Meredith Hall 201Meredith Park 240Meredith School 240Methodist-Episcopal Church, Ben Clare

230Methodist Church, Sioux Falls 134Methodist Episcopal Church, Rowena

226Meyer, Wanda 317Meyers, Margaret 432Michaels, Jon 512Mid-Continent Airlines 448Milbank, City of 459Miles, Nelson A., General 266, 268Miller, J. H., Jr. 202Milwaukee depot 310, 313, 322, 384Milwaukee Railroad 102, 313, 315

332, 352, 355, 422

Miner, Nelson 92Minneapolis, MN 47, 373, 427, 478Minnehaha Country Club 340–342

Aerial View, 1938 341Clubhouse, 1917 342Clubhouse, 1965 342First Clubhouse, 1905 342

Minnehaha County, 76, 102Minnehaha County and South Dakota

State Historical Societies 378Minnehaha County Courthouse 514Minnehaha County Commissioners 118Minnehaha County District Court. 181Minnehaha County Fair, Renner 314Minnehaha County Historical Society

57, 78, 83, 85, 88, 89, 90, 98, 179, 185, 186, 225, 239, 317, 382, 392, 393, 397, 399, 432, 474, 491, 506

Minnehaha Granite Company 226Minnesota 478Minnesota Archeologist (journal) 167Minnesota Territory 68Minnesota Uprising of 1862 166Minute Man 363Missouri River 107Mitchell, Billy, Gen. 477Mitchell, City of 416, 421, 422Modern Cleaners plant 433Moe, Art 186, 187, 518Moe Hospital 436, 481Monarchs, Renner baseball team 314Monroe, LA 473Montfaucon, France 396Montevideo, MN 166Montgolfier hot air balloon 489Moreau, Theodore 340Morrell Employees Association 434Morrison, E. B., M.D. 484Morse, Emma 86, 87Morton, Sterling J. 516Moses statue 509Moses, Susan and Jacob 295Moulton, C. R. 272Mount Pleasant Cemetery 91, 132, 133,

534 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

175, 309Munson, Aaron 119Munson, Dave, Mayor 522Munson, Dave, Mayor 432Myers, W. E. 34Myklebust, Arthur 490

NNational Association for Retarded Chil-

dren 498 National Aviation Hall of Fame 465National Bank of South Dakota 480, 481National Corn Husking Contest, 1938

442–447post office 447replica of Mount Rushmore 442

“Tent City” 445, 447 National Reg-ister of Historic Places 119, 170, 210, 211, 288, 305, 328, 343, 349

National Garden Clubs, Inc. 464National Historic Preservation Act of

1966 515National Park Service 515National Register of Historic Places 514,

515National Rifle Association 465NATIVE AMERICANS

Arikara (Ree) 93Chippewa 166Crow 95, 264Dakota Sioux 104, 107, 256Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux 293Lakota 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263

, 264, 265, 266 Mandan 22Oglala Sioux 442Omaha 34, 40, 49Oneota 22, 76Paiute 264PaleoIndians 21, 22

Archaic hunter-gatherers 21, 22Plains Village 21, 22, 38Woodland 21, 22, 28, 34, 76

Mound Builders 26, 27, 28, 36Plains Indians 41Ponca 34Ree 40Santee Sioux 57,84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 93,

106, 166Santee Sioux

Farmer Band 167Sioux 22, 40, 46 , 478Sioux of the Lakes 77Sisseton Sioux 69Yankton Sioux 93, 94, 388Yanktonais 69

NBC radio network 442, 445Nebraska 183, 478Nebraska City, NE 347Nebraska School for the Deaf, 182Nebraska Territory 516Neish, Dick 397Nelson, George “Baby Face” (alias) see

Gillis, Lester 431Nelson, Lawrence Emerson 78Nelson, Jonas and Anne 314Nelson, Joseph S. 450Nelson, Nancy Owen 479Nelson, Raleigh and Minnie 132Nelson, Robert E., M.D. 480Nesbit, William 436, 439Neuharth, Allen H. 399New Jersey 386New Theater 157New Ulm, MN 56New York 182New York City 192, 476Nidaros Church Replica 518–519Nidaros Lutheran Congregation 102Nidaros Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran

Church 170Niobrara, NE 104, 106, 107Nixon, Richard, President 516Nobel Peace Prize 387, 490Nock, George P., attorney 267Nordland Heritage Foundation 400North American Aviation Company. 477North Ben Clare 321

North Carolina 469 Northern Natural Gas Company 504Northern States Power Company 273Northfield, MN 144, 145Northwest Airlines 448Norton, Charles 397Norwegian Lutheran Church, Sioux Falls

135Nunda, town of 332, 336Nusz, Jerry 187Nusz Construction Company 187Nyberg, Roy Duke 504, 505

OOakley, Phoebe Ann “Annie”

290, 293, 294–295 Oaks, Daniel W. 123Oaks School 122, 123O’Connor, Hazel 504Oesterreicher, Geo., 2nd Lt. 473O’Gorman, Thomas, Bishop 391. 507O’Hagan, Hank, Cpl. 473, 475O’Hanlon’s Addition to East Sioux Falls

520Ohio, state of 294Ohio Volunteer Infantry 310Old Courthouse and Warehouse Historic

District, 382Old Courthouse Museum 357, 432Old Main, Lutheran Normal School, Au-

gustana College 244, 246, 247Old Nidaros Church 103, 170, 518Old Nidaros Church Replica 187Olive, The (touring boat) 328Oliver, Betty Lou 476Olson. Leo, bank teller 433Omaha, NE 343, 415, 436Omaha Railroad depot. 386Omaha Railroad Line 422Omeg, Minnie 157One Great State Movement, 198Ordway, Nehemiah, Gov. 198Orr, Russell T., M.D. 480Outdoorsman (TV show) 465

Over, W. H. 38, 40, 41Owancatowin (Blue All Over) 107Oyen, Iver 186Oyen-Person Log Cabin 186, 187

PP-51 fighter airplane 448 Pacific war zone 456Packard automobile, 1934 429, 430, 433Palisades Bridge 343 Palisade, village of 217, 256, 343Palisades State Park 165, 217, 256Palmer, J. A., Rev. 124Pan American Exposition 313Pancake Days, Sioux Falls Lions Club

512Panic of 1893 201, 218, 240, 252, 520Pankow, Karl 197Pankow Brothers Foundry and Machine

Shop 196-197Parent-Teachers Association 403Parfit, William, Rev. 127Parker, Floyd H. 436, 438, 439Parker style bridge 305Parker, Ted 491Parker Through Truss bridge 288-289,

328Parkston, town of 346, 347Parliman, Polly 376Patrick Henry Junior High School 487 Pattee, John 96Patten, Charles W. 216, 256, 343Patten’s Mill 343Peabody, Helen 258Peabody, Mary 364Peabody Sisters 208Peck, C. H. 414Peck, Porter P., Mayor 269Peder Victorious (novel) 209Penitentiary, South Dakota 191People’s Party 108, 320–321

People’s Party Convention 320Peregrine Pickle (novel) 479Perry Nature Park 218

Index 535Person, Lars 186Peters, Edward H., M.D. 480Peterson, Anna 222Peterson, Edward 222Petterson, Alma 222Petterson, Petter 222Pettigrew, Bessie 109Pettigrew, C. M. 428 Pettigrew, Frank 188Pettigrew, Justin 188Pettigrew, Richard Franklin 44,

108, 109, 126, 188, 192, 198, 225, 232, 233, 235, 244, 247, 296, 320

Pettigrew-Tate Land Grant 244Pettigrew Home and Museum 108Pettigrew’s Pasture 232Phelps, Jarvis W. 316Philadelphia, PA 360Philippine Insurrection, 1899 394Philippine Islands 108, 306, 394Phillips Avenue, Sioux Falls 497, 515Phillips, Hattie C. (Daggett) 60, 61, 121Phillip’s House 321Phillips, Josiah L. 60, 61, 67, 91, 121Phillips to the Falls 522–523Piantanida, Janice 503Piantanida, Nick 502, 503Pickell, Marlo M., Sgt. 473Pierce, Franklin 93Pierre, City of 360, 361, 363, 421, 422Pilgrims 381Pillars of the Nation 458–459Pillsbury, Frank W. 344Pine Coulee, Battle of 166Pine Ridge Indian Agency 266Pioneer and Soldiers Memorial Cemetery

47Pioneer Memorial 54Plato, Nancy 50Plymouth Harbor, MA 380–381Plymouth Rock 381Poinsett, town of 336Political Bandwagon (magazine) 324Political Gallery, Indianapolis, IN 324

Polreis, Agnes 346–348Pony Express 290Pope Julius II 509Populism 108Populist Party 126, 320–321Portage des Sioux peace treaty 77post office car 271Potosi, WI 353Powder House Blast, 1936 436–439Powderhouse Road 98Powers, D. E., attorney 267Prairie Avenue, Sioux Falls 507Prairie du Chien, WI 49Prairie Fire of 1880 178Pratt & Whitney engines 474Pratt Pony Truss 328Pratt Through-Truss Bridge 343Precambrian 76, 228Prescott, Philander 46, 76Presentation Children’s Home 454–455Presentation Sisters 454, 481Princeton University 386Prison, Territorial 190–191Prohibition 270, 398Pruitt, Gene, lawyer 428Pterosaurs 7Public Enemy Number One 429Pues, Fred 86Pulaski, TN 497Pullman Car Company of Chicago 254Pumpkin Center 398–399Purple Feather (book) 78Purple Heart 396

QQuarry, Prison 190Quartzite, Sioux 3, 507Quartzite Bathhouse, Garretson 443Quartzite Paving Stones 228Queen Bee Mill 45, 62, 192–195, 247

RRadio Station KISD 397Radio Station KSOO 397, 412, 413

Radio Station KUSD 397Radio Station WEAT 397Radio Station WFAT 397, 412, 413Radio Station WNAX 430 Radspinner, Jennie 167Ramsey, Ted, photographer 430, 433Randolph, John 228Rattling Wings Woman 92Raven Industries 330, 488–489Raymond, Frank and Martha 128Recollections of Rev. J. F. Wretlof (book)

171Reconstruction Finance Corporation 440Red & White grocery store 390Red Cross 270, 459Redfield, City of 416, 421, 422Red Wing, MN 174Red Wing 77Redwood Falls, MN 442, 447Reeves, Harry “Slim” 436Regimental Band 384Renner, City of 18, 170, 314–315, 332,

379, 406, 416, 447, 518Renner Band 314Renner Corner 315, 331Renner Field 416, 417, 420, 421, 422Renner Flyers, baseball team 314Renner Lutheran Church 170Renner Mercantile 314, 315Renner Park 31

Renner, Leonard 314-315Renville, John 80Republican Party 108Revenue Act of 1913 386Revolutionary War 361, 363Rhodes, Kent R., Pvt. 473R.H. Weber building 365Richards, Benjamin B. 230Richards, Clarence 230Richardson, Jeanne Schulte 195, 433Richardson, Maurine 433Richardson Romanesque Architecture

210, 211, 514Richard the Lion-Hearted 236Richmond, VA 72

Richter, C. F. 19Richter scale 19Rickenbacker, Eddie 466Rider, Chloe Selleck 91Rieper, Robin Burns 239Ringling Bros. Circus 234RISE River Improvement Study and

Evaluation) 504–506 Riverdale Park 212, 213Riverfront Master Plan 504 River Rats (atheletic team) 398Riverside, Sioux Falls 390Riverside School 243Robinson, Doane 46, 49Rock Island Railroad 210, 213, 422Rock Island Railroad Bridge 212Rock Island Railroad Depot 69, 210Rockport, IL 171.Rock Rapids, IA 134, 234Rocky Ridge 16Roeder, Bernard F., Vice Admiral 456Rogers, Catherine 406, 408Rogers, Joseph 106Rogers, Zera 406Roisum School 336Rölvaag, Jennie 400Rölvaag, Ole E. 400–402Rome, Italy 509Ronlund, N. J. 171Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, President

446, 466Roosevelt, Theodore, President

320, 322–325Ross, Agnes 57ROTC 380Rothrock, E. P. 19Rough Riders 322Rowena, town of 218, 226, 231, 360Royal C. Johnson Veterans Memorial

Hospital 391, 394–396, 414Roy, J. E., Rev. Dr. 124Ruvald, H. J. 94Ryan, Thomas 226Rölvaag, Jennie Berdahl 209Rölvaag, Ole Edvart 209

536 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

Rutland, town of 332, 336

SSabin vaccine 484salaried firefighters, Sioux Falls 147Salk vaccine 484San Antonio, TX 504Sando, O. O., Rev. 129, 131San Juan Hill, Cuba 322Santa Monica, CA 423Santa Cruz, Battle of 456, 457Santee Agency 106Santa Fe Railway 336Santee Sioux, Massacre of 93Savannah, GA 237Savo Island, battle of 456, 457scalping, practice of 95Scarlet Plume (novel) 478Schaetze, Jacob, Jr., and Katie 164Scheckle, N. M. 354Schöningen, Germany 510School and Public Lands Committee 362Schwarz, Joseph, Architect 114, 138, 382Scott, Axel and Brita 140Scott, Marion 159Scott, Sir Walter 226, 227SD Air National Guard 465SD Army National Guard 465SD Sports Hall of Fame, 465seacoast gun 72Second Air Force 460Security National Bank 426–433Selected Letters of Frederick Manfred,

1932-1954 (book) 479Sells, Charles A. 467Seney, George I. 192Seney Island 104Serling, Robert J. 421Session, A. B., Chief of Police 408Seventh Cavalry 258, 261, 266Sharpe, Edwin 134Sherman Centennial Plaza 517Sherman, Edwin A. 154, 234, 376, 459,

517

Sherman Park 377, 395, 517Sherman, Paul F. 298, 344, 332Sherman, village of 256Sherman, W. T., Gen. 126Sherrard, William and Elizabeth 138Shindlar, William 272Shindlar [Shindler], first called 272Shindler, town of 270–273Shindler State Bank 270Shinlder Elevator 273Sibley, H. H., Colonel 167Sibley, IA 152, 158Sieler, Helen 436, 438 Silent Sioux, automobile 356, 357Silver Creek Post Office 128Simmons, James, Staff Sgt. 473Sinai, town of 336, 338Sioux City, IA 96, 256, 257, 414 , 415,

421, 422, 436, 438, 448, 495Sioux City and Great Northern Railroad

256Sioux Falls Airport Holding Company

414Sioux Falls and Manitoba Railway 332 Sioux Falls Air Races, 1929, 1930, 1931

414Sioux Falls Argus Leader (newspaper)

94, 185, 119, 219, 321, 323, 324 370, 374, 381, 393, 397, 399, 409, 422, 430, 433, 497

Sioux Falls Army Air Force Base 394, 473, 474, 498, 499

Sioux Falls Army Air Force Technical Training School 76, 380, 460–465, 469–478

Sioux Falls Broadcasting Association 412

Sioux Falls Chamber of Commerce 450Sioux Falls, city of 102, 109, 128, 132,

136, 370Sioux Falls Community Chest 364, 365Sioux Falls, first schoolhouse 134Sioux Falls Market 369Sioux Falls, Yankton & South Western

Railroad 235

Sioux Falls Band 125Sioux Falls Brewery, 346, 523Sioux Falls Chamber of Commerce 458,

459, 504Sioux Falls City 56, 57, 66, 68, 80, 84,

86, 88, 89, 94, 96, 166, 288Sioux Falls City Auditorium 348Sioux Falls City Commission 450, 504Sioux Falls City Council 232Sioux Falls College 78, 201Sioux Falls Daily Press (newspaper) 494Sioux Falls Free Public Library 151Sioux Falls Garden Club 464, 467Sioux Falls Gas Light Company 202Sioux Falls Great Plains Zoo 240Sioux Falls High School 135, 481Sioux Falls in Retrospect (book) 59Sioux Falls Lutheran Hospital 481Sioux Falls Municipal Airport 93, 414,

448–451, 502Administration Building 450, 451

Sioux Falls Municipal Band 392–393Sioux Falls National Bank. 481Sioux Falls Parks and Recreation Depart-

ment 213, 458, 504, 517Sioux Falls Police Department 433Sioux Falls Press (newspaper) 152Sioux Falls Public Library 150Sioux Falls Serum Company’ 273Sioux Falls to Madison Railway 332Sioux Falls Traction Company 245Sioux Falls Woman’s Club. 150Siouxland 175, 478–479Siouxland Heritage Museums 77, 109,

181Sioux Quartzite 76, 78, 90, 191, 201,

218, 229, 236, 252, 256, 257, 306, 328, 349

Sioux Sea Serpent 152Sioux Uprising of 1862 80, 84Sioux Valley Hospital 481Sioux Vocational Hospital and School for

the Handicapped 498Sioux Vocational School 498Sistine Chapel 509

Sitting Bull, Lakota Sioux 293Skunk Creek 123, 332Skyrocket (publication) 226Smith, Al, presidential candidate 497Smith, Charles A. 94Smith, Clayton, Rev. Dr. 393, 422Smith, Ellis O. 420Smoked Yank (book) 126Smollett, Tobias, author 479South Dakota Achieve 498–501South Dakota Air National Guard 448,

466Soo Skyways Airport Company 414–415

South Dakota All State Orchestra 393South Dakota Amateur Baseball Tourna-

ment 314South Dakota Centennial 159South Dakota Central Land Company

298South Dakota Central Railroad 235, 298,

332–335, 352, 353, 355South Dakota Children’s Home, 132, 138South Dakota Fish & Game Department

440South Dakota Golf Association 340South Dakota Horticultural Society 366,

516South Dakota Intercollegiate Conference

391 South Dakota Land Company 332South Dakota State Legislature 522South Dakota National Guard 420, 434South Dakota Rapid Transit and Railway

Company 218, 252South Dakota Record (newspaper) 82, 83South Dakota Review (journal) 479South Dakota School for the Deaf

182, 183, 184, 185, 247South Dakota School of Medicine 480South Dakota Sports (newspaper) 399South Dakota State Agricultural College

306South Dakota State Capitol 360,

361, 363

Index 537South Dakota State Historical Society

181South Dakota Statehood 76, 198South Dakota State Tree 516South Dakota, U.S.S., Battleship 456–

457South Dakota Volunteer Infantry, First

Regiment 306–309“South Jutland” (poem) 179South Sioux Falls, town of 232-233South Sioux Falls Rapid Transit 235Spanish-American War, 1898 126,

309, 311, 322, 384, 394Sparks, Dorothy 123Spellerberg Park 136Spellman, Orville J., Pfc. 473Spirit Canyon [Devils Gulch], so called

256Spirit Lake Massacre 94Spirit of St. Louis (airplane) 416–422Spitznagel, Harold 340Split Rock Creek or River 144, 174, 175,

212, 216, 217, 256, 343, 440 , 443 Split Rock Park 256, 440Split Rock River Dam 440–443Split Rock Township 118, 119, 226Spotted Elk, Lakota Chief 260Sprague Edison Company of New York,

254Springdale Township, Lincoln County,

270, 272spring flood, 1912 374Sproesser, George 112“Star-Spangled Banner, The”, song 456Statue of Liberty 459, 467–468St. Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, En-

gland 236St. James, MN 495St. John’s Baptist Church 490, 492St. Joseph Cathedral 507St. Joseph’s Catholic Church 352St. Joseph’s Parish 352St. Lukas Congregation 304St. Michael’s Pro-Cathedral, 507St. Olaf (Baltic), town of 188

St. Olaf Roller Mill and Power Dam 188, 188–189

St. Paul, MN 106, 156, 235, 429St. Paulus Norwegian Evangelical Lu-

theran Church 129, 130, 131St. Rose Academy 349stagecoach travel 128Stamp Act 487State Bank of Shindler 273State Constitutional Convention 126State Game Lodge 422State Highway Commission 398steam pumper 148steamrollers. 378Stelgard, Harry 230Sterling, W. B., U. S. District Attorney

267Stevens, William 132Stone, Jack 94Struck by the Ree, Chief 93Sues, O. L. 322Supreme Court of Dakota Territory. 181Sverdrup Township 102Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Mission

Church, Swedona 171, 172, 173Swedona, Settlement of 171Sweeney, Mary 498Swenson, Joah 365S. W. Hewitt and Company 3052Szameit, Alexandra 510Szameit, Hans-Peter 510, 512Szameit, Heinrich 510Szameit, Manfred Georg Sigismund

510–513

TTaopi, Chief (Nagiskan) 166, 167Taopi, D. T. 166Taopi, MN 166Taopi Creamery 296, 297, 298, 353Taopi Methodist Church 296Taopi Township 296Taopi Township School District No. 62

302

Tabbert Construction Company 486Tasunke-Ota (Plenty Horses), 266–269Tate, Samuel L. 244, 247Tennant, Harold W., Lt. 414, 422, 448 Tennessee marble 360, 361Tepee Day, SFC 78Terrace Park 92

Japanese Gardens 423Terrace Park Band Shell 393

Terral, Floyd, Pvt. 473Territorial Council 126Territorial House of Representatives 108Texas 202, 361Their Fathers’ God (novel) 209“They Were Able” (poem) 158Third Crusade 236This is the Year (novel) 478Thomas Greenhouse 433Thomas, Lizzie 120Thomas Lodging House 182, 183Thomas, town of 335, 336, 339Thompson, Berthine 102Thompson, John 102, 103, 170Thompson, John T., Gen. 431Thompson, John and Kirsti, family of

103Thompson, John and Kirsti 314Thompson, Kirsti Haugen 102, 103, 170Thompson, Louisa 174Thompson, Ole 174Thompson, Roadi 174Thompson Sod House 103Thompson’s Grove 102Thompson submachine gun 426, 430,

431, 433Thomson, Verl 397Thorsten Lee Sandhill Crossing 175Tiffany and Company 361Time Magazine 490Tiffany stained glass 204Tipperary County, Ireland 180Tirpitz, German battleship 456Tollgate, OR 473town pump, West Sioux Falls 242Transportation Committee of the Sioux

Falls Chamber of Commerce 378travois 107Treaty, Sioux of the Lakes, 1815 77Treaty of Traverse des Sioux 50, 51Treaty of Versailles 387Tredegar Foundry 72Tri-State Fair 290Tri-State Literary Society 230Tri-State Marker 70Tri-Valley Independent School District

No. 153 302Tripp, Sarah A. 157Tripp, William 157Trolley, 22nd St., Sioux Falls 342, 377Troy, NY 237Trumbo, George B. 80, 91Turton, town of 454Tuscon, AZ 427Tuthill Park 14TWA Airlines 448Twedell, Sam 434Twin Mounds 12

UUnited Airlines 414 , 448United Church of Christ, 124 United Fund 364United States Army Air Forces base 448United States Distinguished Service

Cross 396United States District Court fo 269United States District Court, Sioux Falls

266United States National Tree 516University of Georgia 490University of Michigan 362University of Nebraska 306University of Sioux Falls 78, 201, 240,

522University of South Dakota 396, 399,

465, 478School of Medicine 394Volante, The (newspaper) 399

USA TODAY (newspaper) 399

538 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

US Department of Commerce 416US Marine Corps 465US War Department 394USS Birmingham 372, 373USS Maine 311, 312USS Pennsylvania, 373U.S. Third Cavalry Regiment. 292

VValley Springs, city of 76, 158, 159,

230, 234Valley Springs Centennial 159Valley Springs Roller Mill Co., 158Valley Springs Public High School 159Van Demark, Guy, M.D. 484Van Demark, Robert, Sr., M.D. 484Van Eps, Inez C. 124, 132Van Horn, Catherine Egan 180Van Horn, James 180Van Meter, Homer 428, 429Vatican 509Venetian Gothic Archetecture 204Verendrye, Chevalier 48Vermillion, City of 165, 396Vermillion River 107Veterans Administration 393, 394Veteran’s Hospital 365Vienna Bakery, Luverne, MN 330Viola, The, touring boat 328Virginia Convention 487Volcanic Ash 8Volkswagen 513Volkswagen Beetle 510Volunteer Fire Department, Sioux Falls

146

WWa-keyan-doota 92Waldorf Building 476Walking Buffaloe [sic] 77Wallace, Henry A. 446Walla Walla, WA 473, 475Wall Lake, SD 128, 165Wallner, F. X. 366–369

Wallner Gardens 366–369Walters, Robert B., Staff Sgt. 473War of the Worlds (radio play) 447Washington, DC 72, 361, 380, 396, 490,

493 Washington High School 72, 164, 200,

306, 349–351, 360, 383, 397, 456, 481

Orange and Black (student newspaper) 393

WHS Cornerstone 351Washington Pavilion 73, 135, 150, 164,

306, 349, 487Watanya Cecila, “Little Sure Shot” (An-

nie Oakley) 293Water Department, Sioux Falls 448Waterford at All Saints 204Waterloo, IA 232Watertown and Sioux Falls Railway. 336Watertown, city of 235, 332, 333, 336,

415Watson, Jesse Buel 80, 91Wayne Township 122WCTU 150Webster, Daniel 361Webster, Ethel Fielder 361, 363Webster, Harry Daniel 360–363Webster, Helen 123Webster, Madison 226Webster, Nelson 226Webster, Noah 361Webster, Winfield 226Wegner Arboretum 222Wehde, Barbara 172Wehde, James 331, 472Weir, Dale 520Weir, Dorothy 520 Welk, Lawrence 240Welles, Orson 447Wellington Corner, general store 398Wells Fargo 432Wells, H. G. 447Wells, Phillip H., interpreter 267Wentworth, town of 332, 336Western American Literature (journal)

479Western Auto Company 299Western Avenue, Sioux Falls 500Western Bridge and Construction Co 343Western Flyer autos 299Western Town Company 57, 58, 60, 62,

66, 68West Germany 510West Nidaros Lutheran Church 187, 518Westport, CT 363West Sioux Falls 240–241, 242West Sioux Hardware 240West Soo Amusement Park 240W. H. Lyon Fairgrounds 165Whatley, G. A., Col. 473Wheeldon, Fay, Mayor 450Wheelock, A. B. 348White Lodge (Sioux) 80, 84, 91, 93Whitfield, C. M., Mayor 467Whiting, Wayne, Staff Sgt. 473, 475Whittier School 243, 403Wik, Reynold 397Wild West, Buffalo Bill’s 290-291Wilkinson, H. S. 406, 409Willoughby Spit 372Wilkes, Eliza Tupper 150, 151Wilkes, William A. 150William the Conqueror 236Williams Piano Company 397Willmar, MN 235Willmar and Sioux Falls Railway 256Willow Creek Lutheran Church 140, 141Wilson, Woodrow,President 386, 386–

387Wilson Service Station 433Winham, Peter 90Wisconsin 197, 352Wisconsin Glacier 22Withers, M. W., Rev. 492Wold, Peter Olson 140Woman’s Alliance 364–365 Woman’s Suffrage 150Woodard, Aaron 48Wood, Howard, Coach 351Woodlawn Cemetery 247, 494

Woodruff, Dean 239Woody, Willard 469Woolworth, Alan R. 57Woonsocket, City of 454Works Progress Administration 256, 440,

448, 454World for Campus Crusade for Christ

International 465World War I 76, 108, 112, 195, 240, 351,

380, 386, 387 , 394, 414, 431, 459, 481

World War II 76, 204, 351, 380, 392, 394, 398, 414, 448, 456, 458, 459, 466, 474, 480, 486, 488

Worthington and Sioux Falls Railroad Company 162

Wounded Knee Creek 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 267

Wounded Knee Massacre 95, 258, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 268

Wovoka, Paiute shaman 264Wretlof, John E. 171Wright brothers 370Wright, Emarine 152Wright, Jennie 182, 185Wright, Robert B., 2nd Lt. 473

YYankton, city of 67, 80, 86, 94, 128, 157,

181, 182, 230Yankton Trail 184Yankton-Sioux Falls Stage Trail 44, 78,

79, 92, 128, 145Yankton Agency 93Yankton Press and Dakotaian (newspa-

per) 145Yankton Trail, 288-289 Yankton Trail Bridge 92, 288, 289Yankton Trail Park 14, 288Yeager, Burt 450Yeager, Mark, Eagle Scout 506Yellow Bird (Lakota Medicine Man) 260

Index 539Yellow Hair (Sioux warrior) 293Yellowstone Caldera 9YMCA Block, Sioux Falls 430, 433Yost, Ed 488Yost, Mat 374Young, Sutton, Atty. 248Younger Brothers 145Young, Georgeanne H. 157

ZZaayer, Alberta 433 Ziebarth, Edna 272Zintkala Nuni (Lost Bird) 258, 259Ziolkowski, Korczak, sculptor 466Zuckmantel, Transylvania, 510

540 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History

Key ContributorMAJOR FINANCIAL CONTRIBU-TOR. Terry Yeager, MD, dedicates this page to the loving memory of his par-ents, Anson and Ada May Yeager, for their lifetime of service to the nation during wartime and to the community of Sioux Falls and the state of South Dakota. Dr. Yeager attended Augustana College and graduated from the Wash-ington University School of Medicine in St. Louis in 1988. He completed training in Diagnostic Radiology in Hawaii where he met his wife, Steph-anie. They have one son, Mark, who was born while Terry was stationed in Fairbanks, Alaska. The couple moved to Sioux Falls in 2000. Terry works as a radiologist for Sanford Clinic. Mark Yeager’s Eagle Scout project was one of the markers referenced in this book.Lives of Service: Anson and Ada May (Bidwell) Yeager

Dr. Terry and StephanieYeager

They met in chemistry class at South Dakota State College. He was a West River boy who grew up on a ranch and went to high school in Sturgis and Faith. She was an East River farm girl who went to high school in Colman. There was chemistry between them, but World War II intervened.

Anson was editor of the Collegian when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. He dropped out of school early in 1942 and completed Officer Candidate School. The war took him to England, North Africa, Italy, Camp Croft, SC, as com-mander of a training company, and, during the post-war occupation, to Japan.

Ada May graduated State in 1943, and enlisted in the Waves, where she served as a cryptographer in Washington, DC.

Anson found time between assignments to visit Ada May in Washington in May of 1944, where their romance was rekindled. They were married in uniform later that year in the nation’s capital, he with the rank of lieutenant, she with the rank of ensign. They were to have five children.

When Anson was discharged with the rank of captain, he returned to State to complete his education. He joined the Sioux Falls Argus-Leader as a reporter in 1947 and rose to the position of executive editor in 1961. Anson wrote award-winning columns for the paper, many devoted to his travels with Ada May around the world. A collection of his stories was published by the Center for Western Studies in 2000. He was inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame in 1998. He died in 2005, she in 2009. They rest side by side in the Black Hills National Cemetery near Sturgis.

Top: Anson Yeager became executive editor of the Sioux Falls Argus-Leader in 1961. Bottom, left: Anson Yeager and Ada May Bidwell were married in uniform in Washington, DC, in 1944. Their first child was born while Anson was on Nation-al Guard duty in Alaska during the Korean conflict. Bottom, right: In later years Anson wrote widely acclaimed columns, many based on travels with Ada May.

Index 541

542 Twelve Thousand Years of Human History