Index

Abane, Ramdane, 218Abbas, Ferhat, 227Abbott, G. F., 67–68Abu Abbas, 239Abu Nidal Organization, 227, 228, 239Abu Sayyaf terrorists, 224–225Addison, Paul, 220Afghanistan

Britain and, 20, 197Russia, trans-Caspian railway and,

141Taliban in, 118, 130, 220, 235terrorism and, 221–222, 223, 240U.S. and, 34, 89, 257

Africa, 137–138, 142, 154, 155–156The Aftermath (Churchill), 228Agca, Mehmet Ali, 225–226“The Age of Total War,” 16Aguinaldo, Emilio, 233Ahern, Bertie, 220air force. See Royal Air Force; U.S. Air

ForceAir War College, 76airplanes, 26, 171

terrorism and, 225, 235, 239, 240,241–242

Alcibiades, 86, 108Alexander the Great, 7, 29Alexeiev, 174Algeria, 217–218, 220, 221. See also

FLNAllen, Louis, 142Allenby, General, 43

Altham, Major General, 181Ambrose, Stephen, 53America. See United StatesAmerican Expeditionary Force of 1917,

178Amos, Jim, 51Anarchists, 232, 243Anatomy of Courage (Moran), 49Angelou, Maya, 77animal rights terrorists, 224, 243Annapolis, 57Anson, George, 151anti-abortion terrorists, 224, 241Arabs

-Israeli wars, 43, 61terrorism and, 217–218, 219, 220,

224, 234Archilochus, 107Argentina, 221, 222Argos, 107Arian, 41Aristophanes, 78Aritomo, Yamagata, 172Armistice, 195army. See British Army; U.S. ArmyArmy Field Manual, 136The Army and Vietnam (Krepinevich),

49Aron, Raymond, 120arsenic fumes, 180artillery, defense and, 177–179, 185Aryan Nations, 223Ashcroft, Lt. Cdr., 119

267

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268 Index

Asquith, Herbert, 144Assassins, 219–220, 231–232Athens, 86, 96, 100–101, 103, 105–110.

See also Peloponnesian War;Thucydides

atomic weapons, 36, 141–142, 242. Seealso Hiroshima, Nagasaki and

Attacks (Rommel), 45Auden, W. H., 95Aum Shinrikyo, 242, 243Austro-Hungarian Army, 18

Baader, Andreas, 235Baden-Powell, General, 183Bailey, Jonathan, 10Balck, Hermann, 61Balck, Wilhelm, 182–183Baldwin, Stanley, 207the Balkans, 259, 260Band of Brothers (Ambrose), 53Bannerman, Sir Alexander, 183barbed wire, 173, 178, 180, 183, 185Barnett, Corelli, 163, 164Barrow, Robert, 47Bartlett, Ashmead, 180Bashir, General, 226Basques, in Spain, 222Bassford, Christopher, 111Battle Studies: Ancient and Modern

Battle (du Picq), 42battlefield experience, 8. See also

combat experiencebattlefield studies, 42. See also staff

ridesbattles

of Atlantic, 20of Britain, 20El Teb, 157hoplite, 69, 97, 107Hundred Days, 16, 198of Liao-Yang, 175

Bayly, Sir Lewis, 164Baynes, John, 49BDM Corporation, 61Beatty, David, 157, 162–163Beatty, Lady, 165Beckett, Ian, 18Beirut, 228, 256, 259Belgium, 197, 204, 221–222Bellairs, Captain, 183Ben Bella, Ahmed, 234

Ben Boulaid, Mostepha, 217Benbow, John, 151Berlin, Robert H., 49, 51Bernhardi, Friederich von, 175, 188Berra, Yogi, 1Betts, Richard, 132Bin Laden, Osama

father of, 240terrorism and, 221, 222, 223, 227,

234–235, 243Bismarck (ship), 166Bismarck, Otto von, 104, 261Black, Jeremy, 127, 132Bliss, Tasker, 35Blitzkrieg, 20, 67, 83, 85Bloch, Jean de, 171–172, 181, 189Boer War, 171, 175, 179, 187Bolskeviks, 228, 232, 237Bond, General, 192–193Bonnal, General, 135–136Borge, Thomas, 236Boxer Rebellion, 157, 163Boy Scouts, 183Boyle, William, 162Bradley, 36Brazil, 221, 222Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme, 71Britain. See also Royal Air Force; Royal

NavyAfghanistan and, 20, 197in Africa, 137–138Battle of, 20Bellairs on, 183Boy Scouts in, 183cavalry and, 188, 201as democracy, 215France and, 195, 196, 197, 198Germany and, 195–196, 197–198,

200, 202–203, 211, 215Great Depression and, 200, 203,

215history’s relevance to military

profession in, 23–31in India, 20, 141, 142–143, 197,

215Iraq and, 197Ireland and, 197, 215Italy and, 203, 211, 215Japan and, 203, 211, 215naval/maritime history of, 15,

150–169

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Index 269

New York Times on, 156Palestine and, 211, 215security of, 197, 211, 216strategy and, 136, 137–138, 140, 141,

144study of history in, 14–15tactics and, 140, 151, 187tanks and, 205–206, 209terrorism and, 221, 222, 233Treasury’s Ten-Year rule and, 196U.S. and, 211, 214–215WW I and, 2, 19WWII and, 10, 137–138, 140, 195,

206, 214British Army. See also RTC; specific

individualsadvanced education program for, 63Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff

(CIGS), 23–24conscription and, 196, 210Defence Requirements Committee of,

203Directorate of Doctrine and

Development, 30Experimental Mechanical Force,

199–200, 214Field Force, 205, 209function of, 14–15Higher Command and Staff Course

(HCSC), 25, 30history’s relevance to military

profession and, 23–31Howard on, 82during inter-war period, 195–216mechanization/armored forces in, 195on military history, 82Mobile Division, 205Mobile Force, 202, 212–213New Army Policy, 207–210rearmament of, 206–210, 211–212reform of, 187–188reorganization paper for, 204rivalries/jealousies in, 212–213skills of, 161Staff College Library, 184

British Expeditionary Force, 140, 181,196

British Field Service Manual, 136British Navy, 15, 150–151. See also

Royal NavyBroad, Charles, 198, 200

Brock, 169Brodie, Bernard, 113, 261Bulgaria, 225–226bureaucracies, 3, 4–5, 83, 97–99Burma, 225Burnett-Stuart, “Jock,” 202Burney, Cecil, 165Bush, George H. W., 256Bush, George W., 89, 239, 257

Caesar, Julius, 2, 37Cahill, Joe, 244Cairns, John C., 136–137Callaghan, Sir George, 162–164Cambridge, Duke of, 156Cambridge University, 15campaigns, theatres and strategies,

141–143The Campaigns of Alexander (Arian),

41Canada, 74, 154–155, 224Carlisle, 63–64, 75Castroites, 235–236, 237Catholics, Irish, 222Caulaincourt, Armand Augustin Louis

de, 3causality, 69, 85, 139cavalry, 187–188, 201Cavan, Lord, 197Ceaucescu regime, 226Centcom, 88center of gravity theory, 122, 130, 137,

162, 234Cerna, Lenin, 236The Challenge of Command: Reading

for Military Excellence (Nye), 49,51

Chamberlain, Neville, 203–204,206–208

Charles I (king of England), 165Charles XII, 3Chatfield, Ernle, 167Chelmsford, Lord, 157chemical weapons, 178Cheney, Dick, 256Chihani, Bachir, 217–218Childers, Erskine, 188Chin Peng, 235China, 143, 174, 191–192, 240Christian Identity movement, 223,

243

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270 Index

Churchill, Winstonon Bolsheviks, 228, 232on captains of ships v. war, 161, 162,

164on Germany, 220on history of coalition warfare, 264on Ireland, 220Life of Marlborough, 100strategy and, 136, 146, 258on WWI, 84

Cicero, 250Cimon, 103civil wars

battlefields, staff rides to, 52, 257British, 165in Russia, 197U.S., 14, 56, 70, 184

civil–military relations, 17civilian control v., 250definition of, 251gaps in, 248politics and, 253, 263security and, 248as strategic culture, 249in U.S., 5, 11, 247

clarity, 83Clark, Wesley, 1classical era, 15–16, 41, 81Clausewitz, Carl von, 11, 50, 60, 194.

See also On Waron assessing enemies, 128Bassford on, 111Betts on, 132on center of gravity theory, 122, 130,

137on civil–military relations, 252on commanders, 53, 70death of, 121, 122on French Revolution, 4, 120on friction, 27–28, 90–91, 112, 122,

127–128, 130, 131Gray on, 10Heuser on, 121on history, 74, 75, 111–132Hitler on, 122Howard on, 116on intuition, 29Jomini v., 112, 122Keegan on, 111–112, 113–114Marshall, Andrew, on, 112in military, 120–121, 123

Paret on, 41, 117–119, 125on politics, 87–88, 129–130, 131, 261on reflection, 27, 72–73revisions of, 122–123, 131, 132on strategy, 5, 10, 50, 111–132, 143technology and, 125–127, 143on theories, 6–7, 41–42, 69–73, 80translations of, 41, 122on war, 27, 88–89, 90–91, 92, 117Wylie on, 112

Clinton, Bill, 225coalitions, 32Cohen-Bendit, Danny, 235Cold War, 34, 110, 116, 215, 222

civil–military relations after, 248Millis on, 148security after, 115–116

Collingwood, Cuthbert, 153Collins, Michael, 220Colomb, Philip Howard, 160Columbia, 224, 225, 230, 235–236combat experience, 27–29Combat Operations C3I Fundamentals

and Interactions (Orr), 48command and control, 48

Royal Navy and, 159, 160wireless telephony with, 199–200

Command and General Staff College, 35Combat Studies Institute, 62curriculum at, 57, 62, 66

Command and Staff College, Quantico,49–51

Command in War (van Creveld), 47–48commanders. See also officers; specific

individualsClausewitz on, 53, 70intuition of, 29personality conflicts between, 28–29skills of, 161–162

communicationsin Blitzkrieg, 83electronic v. paper, 72–73in Iraq, 48study of, 46surveillance and, 26through “thought waves,” 189during war, 18–19

Communismin Soviet Union, 19, 218, 228terrorism and, 224, 226, 228

Complexity Theory, 235

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Index 271

computers, 53concept gap, in civil–military relations,

252Congo, 221–222Conway, Jim, 51Cooke, Peter, 78Corbett, Julian, 15, 60Corcyra, 100–101, 109Corinth, 100–101, 107Costello, Edward, 28counterinsurgency, 61, 221, 222, 235Cowan, 168Craster, J. E. E., 186Crouzet, Francois, 15Cuba, 236Culme-Seymour, Sir Michael, 160,

162cultures

gap, in civil–military relations, 251Hale on war and, 16high and low, 17military, 31, 251race, Russo-Japanese War and,

181–182, 192–193respect for, 127–128, 132strategic, 249terrorism and, 219understanding of, 5, 8

Cyrus, son of the [Persian] King, 102,109

Darwin, Charles, 172, 181, 192Davis, Kenneth, 38De Negrier, General, 182, 187–188De Saxe, Maurice, 60Declaration of Independence, 250Defeat into Victory (Slim), 71defeats

Athens, technology and, 96economy and, 19of France’s enemies, 4in Franco Prussian War, 135–136impacts of, 2, 19in Vietnam, 2, 47, 59–61, 88, 89, 137in WWI, 19in WWII, 10, 19

defenseartillery and, 177–179, 185combined arms firepower in,

179–180industry, 6

infantry weapons and, 176offense and, 174–176

The Defense of Duffer’s Drift(Swinton), 48–49

Delbruck, Hans, 16democracies

Anglo-American, 19, 216Britain as, 215civil–military relations and, 250FARC and, 237history and, 86Mahan on, 146terrorism and, 246Thucydides on, 102, 108–109

Democratic Republic Party, 234d’Este, Carlo, 14Deverell, Sir Cyril, 207–208, 209doctrine

combined arms, 85military history, theory and, 30–31,

32Powell, 259teaching/writing, 74for U.S. Marine Corps, 50–51, 58

Dominican Republic, 38, 40Dostoevsky, Fëdor Mikhailovich, 81Dragomirov, General, 176Dreadnought revolution, 134, 161Du Picq, Ardant, 42, 49, 60, 97Duff Cooper, Alfred, 207, 209Duncan, Adam, 153Duncan Prize, 186Dupuy, Trevor N., 46, 67The Dynamics of Doctrine: The Change

in German Tactical DoctrineDuring the First World War(Lupfer), 50

Earle, Edward Mead, 45economies

defeats and, 19naval history and, 15terrorism and, 230, 234war and, 12, 18, 19

education, 81, 97–99. See also militaryeducation

Edwardian Royal Navy, 160, 168Egypt

Italy and, 209staff rides in, 43–44terrorism and, 226, 230

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272 Index

Eisenhower, Dwight D.Army War College and, 57Gelb on, 28–29strategy and, 145on study of military history,

35El Alamein, 43El Moudjahid, 229El Salvador, 236Elis, 107Ellis, Joseph, 71ELN (National Liberation Army), 230English, John A., 48Ensslin, Gudrun, 235environmental terrorists, 224, 243Ephialtes, 103ERP (Revolutionary People’s Army),

236Esher, Viscount, 172esprit de corps, 181, 189Ethiopia, 226Euripides, 81Evans, Richard, 138The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare

(Dupuy), 46Exeter University, 15experience, 8, 27–29, 124–125Experience of War: The United States in

World War II (Davis), 38

The Face of Battle (Keegan), 42, 97the Falklands, 14, 158, 164Fall, Bernard, 38, 89Fanon, Frantz, 229FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of

Columbia), 225, 230, 237Federalist Papers, 250Fehrenbach, T. R., 37Feltrinelli, Giangiacomo, 245Ferdinand, Franz (archduke), 226Finns, democractic, 86Fisher, Sir John, 24, 26, 134, 161,

163Flint, Roy K., 62FLN (Front de Libération Nationale),

217–218, 226–227, 229–230, 234,237, 243

Foch, Ferdinand, 144–145Forbes, A., 179force, use of, 258Fortescue, 14

Forward into Battle: Fighting Tacticsfrom Waterloo to Vietnam(Griffiths), 42

Fox, W. T. R., 141–142France

Britain and, 195, 196, 197, 198cavalry and, 187–188Clausewitz on wars against, 92defeats of enemies by, 4Germany and, 206incompetence and, 85indirect fire and, 179Royal Navy v., 151Russia and, 198strategy and, 136–137, 140, 144–145tactics and, 140terrorism and, 217–218, 221Vietnam and, 89WWI and, 2, 18, 79, 214

Franco Prussian War, 135–136, 171Franklin, Sir John, 158Franks, Tommy, 257Frederick the Great, 27Freedman, Sir Lawrence, 13French Revolution

Clausewitz on, 4, 120Royal Navy and, 151society impacted by, 4terrorism and, 228

French, Sir John, 144–145, 190friction

Clausewitz on, 27–28, 90–91, 112,122, 127–128, 130, 131

technology and, 89, 90–91“Frog and the Peach” (Cooke/Moore),

78Fuller, J. F. C., 24, 60

British Army and, 206, 214on physical activities, 24on principles of war, 136RTC and, 199–200Russo-Japanese War and, 186–187,

191

Gallipoli, 58, 85, 189, 190–191GAP (gray area phenomena), 221–222,

223, 240, 245Gelb, Norman, 28–29Gelbe Gefahr (painting), 172Generals at War (Gelb), 28–29generalship, 48, 110

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Index 273

generational transition, 3George, David Lloyd, 12, 85, 144Germany. See also Hitler, Adolf; Nazis

in Africa, 142Bismarck and, 104Britain and, 195–196, 197–198, 200,

202–203, 211, 215cavalry and, 188Churchill on, 220France and, 206gas used in WWI and, 242invasion of Soviet Union, 3, 20,

142–143invasion of United Kingdom, 20Japan and, 174MI3, 203on Nazis, 5politics and, 88rearmament of, 206–210, 212re-unification of, 138Royal Navy v., 166–167strategy and, 140, 144–145tactics and, 175terrorism in, 228, 234, 235Wehrmacht in Russia and, 61WWI and, 2, 18, 19, 67, 79WWII victories, 79

Gettysburg, 68GFBOs (Grand Fleet Battle Orders),

165–166, 167globalization

civil–military relations and, 260terrorism and, 219, 238–239,

243–245Goerlitz, Walter, 38Gooch, John, 10Gordon, Andrew, 10Göring, Hermann Wilhelm, 20Gort, John Standish, 209Goulding, Cathal, 244Grant, Ulysses, 2, 56

Memoirs, 71at West Point, 56

Gray, Al, 48, 49–51gray area phenomena. See GAPGray, Colin, 10Gray, David W., 46Graziani, Rodolpho, 137–138Great Depression, 86

Britain and, 200, 203, 215Great War. See World War I

Greecehoplite battle, 69Revolutionary Organization

November 17 and, 237Romans and, 41, 97, 250

“Green Books” (U.S. Army), 61Griess, Thomas E., 62Griffith, Samuel B., 39Griffiths, Paddy, 18, 42Guderian, Heinz, 83, 200Guerrilla and Terrorist Organizations: a

World Directory and Bibliography(Janke), 232

The Guerrilla–And How to Fight Him,37

A Guide to the Study and Use ofMilitary History (U.S. Army), 46,51

Guiness, C. D., 177Gulf Wars, 14, 88, 130

Bush, George H. W., and, 256casualties in, 138civil–military relations and, 248, 259Schwarzkopf and, 134

gunpowder, 26Guzman, Abimael, 234gymnasium, 106

Habash, George, 240Haig, Sir Douglas, 144–145, 181, 188Haking, Brigadier General, 181Haldane, A. L., 175, 184Haldane, Richard, 207Halder, Franz, 3Hale, John, 16Hamas, 245Hamilton, Sir Ian, 170, 188, 189,

190–191Hancock, Sir Keith, 12hand grenades, 173, 185, 190Hannibal, 29Hanoverian regulation, 151Hanson, Victor Davis, 69, 96Harmon, Chris, 11Harris, Paul, 10Harris, Rifleman, 28Harrison, George, 244Hasselbach, Ingo, 235Hawke, Edward, 151HCSC. See British ArmyHeadlam, John, 177, 193

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274 Index

Headrick, Daniel, 14Heath, Herbert, 165Hecksher, Eli, 15Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 260Heikel, Mohamed, 43Hellas, 104, 105–106Henderson, G. F. R., 147, 148Henderson, Sir Nevile, 83–84Henry IV (king of England), 156Herodotus

on democracy, 86as father of history, 55on Greek hoplite battle, 69on Persians v. Greeks, 3

Herzog, Chaim, 43hēsucházontas (at rest), 101, 103, 108hēsuchı́a (rest), 105, 107, 108Heuser, Beatrice, 121Hezbollah, 228, 230, 238–243, 245high explosive (HE), 178Hirohito, Emperor, 146Hiroshima, Nagasaki and, 116Historical School, 161–162, 164history. See also maritime history;

military history; specificcountries/individuals

Clausewitz on, 74, 75, 111–132increasing/changing knowledge in,134interpretation of facts in, 133–135,

138–139lessons/principles from, 133, 135–137,

170–194predictability of, 138as science, 133, 138–139, 140, 141strategy and, 133–149terrorism and, 217writing of, 82, 83

History of the German General Staff(Goerlitz), 38

History of the Royal Artillery(Headlam), 193

History of the U.S. Marine Corps inWorld War II, 38

Hitler, Adolf, 80, 202–203, 247on Clausewitz, 122declaring war on U.S., 80on history, 193invasion of Soviet Union by, 3, 20,

80Operation Sealion and, 20strategy and, 135, 146

Hitler Youth, 212HMS Excellent, 163–164HMS Lion, 162Hobart, Percy, 198, 202, 212Hobbes, Thomas, 70, 98–99, 260Hoetzendorf, Conrad von, 193Hoffman, Frank, 11Holland, 204Home, J. M., 186Hood, Horace, 157Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 207–208,

209–210Horne, Alistair, 218Hough, Richard, 165How Democracies Perish (Revel), 246Howard, Sir Michael, 92, 265

on British Army, 82on Clausewitz, 116on history, 11, 75on military profession, 87at Past Futures conference, 8, 9on strategy, 143The Theory and Practice of War, 45translation of On War, 41“The Use and Abuse of Military

History,” 25–26, 45–46Howe, Richard, 151, 166howitzers, 185Huk movement, 233, 235, 240–241humanities, 40, 46, 49, 58“the human,” 96–97, 101, 104Huntington, Samuel, 39, 255Hussein, Saddam, 89, 234, 239

Kuwait and, 88, 226

IDF. See Israeli Defense Forceimperialism/empire, 153incompetence, 78–79, 85–86India

Britain in, 20, 141, 142–143, 197,215

terrorism in, 225, 241Indian Mutiny, 153indirect fire, 173, 177–178

France and, 179Russo-Japanese War and, 173,

177–178, 183, 188, 193industrial mobilization, 17industrialization, 154, 156, 158–161Infantry in Battle (Marshall, George

C.), 45

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Index 275

Infantry in Battle (U.S. Army), 45info terror, 230inspiration, legends and, 30insurgency, 1. See also

counterinsurgencyterrorism and, 226, 233, 240–241

IRA terrorists, 227, 244, 245, 246Iran, 221–222, 226, 239Iraq

Britain and, 197communications in, 48invasion of, 1Operation Desert Storm, 34, 256Operation Iraqi Freedom, 34, 51, 72,

257seizure of Baghdad, 7terrorism in, 230, 231–232, 239U.S. and, 34, 88–89, 91, 146, 229

Ireland, 14Britain and, 197, 215Northern, 32, 220, 227terrorism and, 220, 227, 244

Iron Duke (ship), 166ironclad, 56Islamic fundamentalism, 260Islamic terrorists, 224, 234, 241, 243.

See also AssassinsIsrael

Israeli-Arab wars, 43, 61Palestine and, 219, 222terrorism and, 241–242U.S. and, 219, 228

Israeli Defense Force, 44Italy, 245

Britain and, 203, 211, 215Egypt and, 209Mussolini and, 146

Janke, Peter, 232Janowitz, Morris, 39Japan. See also Russo-Japanese War

Britain and, 203, 211, 215China v., 174conquest of Southeast Asia, 20Darwin and, 172, 192Germany and, 174Hirohito and, 146invasion of Manchuria, 196naval operations of, 174Okinawa, 47, 49Red Army, 227

strategy, Russo-Japanese War and,181–183

U.S. nuclear weapons against,145–146

WWII and, 19, 142–143Jellicoe, Sir John, 157, 160, 161–168Jena-Auerstadt, 120Jenkins, Brian, 242Jerram, Martin, 165Jervis, John, 151, 153, 168Jeudwine, H.S., 186The Jewish War (Josephus), 71Jews, 219, 223, 224“Jihad in America” (documentary), 223Joffre, Joseph, 144–145John Paul II, 225–226, 228Johnson Administration, 256Johnson, Harold K., 63Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 255Joint Intelligence Committee, 143Joint Services Staff College, 10Joint Vision 2010, 6Jomini, Baron, 56, 60

Clausewitz v., 112, 122strategy and, 136Summary of the Art of War, 67, 70theory and, 32, 70

Joseph (bible), 212Josephus, Flavius, 71journals, 64, 75, 185, 187judgment, 27, 32Juin, Alphonse, 137JVP (Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna),

221–222

KADEK (Kurdistan Freedom andDemocracy Congress), 234

Kaiser Wilhelm II, 134, 144, 172Kaldor, Mary, 126–127Kaplan, Robert, 81, 114, 115, 254Keegan, Sir John, 18, 25

on Clausewitz, 111–112, 113–114The Face of Battle, 42, 97The Mask of Command, 48on Wellington, 29

Keir, J. L., 177Kennedy, Paul, 15Kharkevich, 174Khmer Rouge, 231, 237Khomeini regime, 226kı́nēsis (motion), 104–105, 109–110

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276 Index

King’s College London, 12, 15–16Kipling, Rudyard, 153Kirk Commission, 79Kirke Report, 189, 198Kissinger, Henry, 135Kiszely, John, 9knowledge gap, in civil–military

relations, 252Knox, Bernard, 81Knox, W. G., 175–176, 181Kolko, Gabriel, 144Korea, 143, 239Korea: The Limited War (Rees), 38Korean War, 37, 38, 59, 253Kosovo, 130Krepinevich, Andrew F., 49Kriegsakademie, 30, 51Krulak, General, 31Kurdish terrorists, 241Kurdish Workers Party, 228, 234Kuropatkin, Alexei, 174, 191Kuwait, 88, 226

Lacedaemonians, 105–106The Land Ironclads (Wells), 171, 186The Last Parallel (Russ), 39Lawrence of Arabia, 43Leavenworth, Fort, 58, 75. See also

Command and General StaffCollege

Lebanon, 44, 221, 240, 259Lee, Robert E., 36, 56, 220Leeds University, 10legends, inspiration and, 30Lenin, Vladimir, 231, 232. See also

Marxist-Leninist groupsLevantines, 220, 243libraries, 52Libya, 224–225, 236Lichtenberg, G. C., 69Liddell Hart, Sir Basil, 24, 60

British Army and, 199–201, 206,207–208, 214

on literacy, 39on strategy, 38, 147on study of war, 193–194

Life of Marlborough (Churchill), 100Limited War: The Challenge to

American Strategy (Osgood), 37Lincoln, Abraham, 253Lindsay, George, 198, 201–202,

212–213, 214

“Linebacker II” bombing, 135Literature in the Education of the

Military Professional (U.S. AirForce Academy), 49

Livy, 41Locarno treaty, 197London, Jack, 191–192Loos, 85LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil

Eelam), 238Luce, Stephen B., 35

Naval War College and, 51, 56–57,58, 64, 76

Lupfer, Timothy, 50Luttwaks, Edward N., 49, 121Luvass, Jay, 69

MacArthur, Douglas, 261, 264Machiavelli, Nicolò, 5machine guns, 186–187, 199

Russo-Japanese War and, 173, 176,178, 185, 186–187, 190

Madden, Charles, 166Madison, James, 250Madrassas, 243Magsaysay, Ramon, 233Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 35, 58, 60

on democracy, 146on East v. West, 172Naval War College and, 57, 58, 64,

76on Royal Navy, 168on sea power, 156on tactics, 139

Makers of Modern Strategy: FromMachiavelli to the Nuclear Age(Paret), 49

Makers of Modern Strategy: MilitaryThought from Machiavelli to Hitler(Earle), 45

Malay Communists, 240–241Malayan Emergency, 233Malaysia, 235Manchuria, 196. See also

Russo-Japanese WarMantineia, 107Mao Tse-tung, 86, 89

influences on, 122terrorism and, 231, 235, 237,

240–241Mao Tse-Tung on Guerrilla Warfare

(Griffith), 39

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Index 277

Marighella, Carlos, 242marine corps, 57. See also U.S. Marine

CorpsMarine Corps Gazette, 37, 42maritime history, 15, 100–101,

150–169. See also naval historyMarne, battle of, 144Marshall, Andrew, 112Marshall, George C., 35

civil–military relations and, 247Infantry in Battle, 45on strategy, 141on Thucydides, 99–100, 110

Marshall, G. H., 177Marshall, S. L. A., 36–37, 38, 39, 42,

49, 97Martin, William Fanshawe, 160Marxism, 81, 82, 126Marxist-Leninist groups, 224, 237The Mask of Command (Keegan),

48Massoud, Ahmad, 226Masters, John, 193Mattis, James, 9, 11

on history and military careers,7

Iraq and, 48, 51Maude, Colonel, 181, 189Maurice, Sir Frederick, 12Maxwell, 75May, E. S., 177McClellan, George, 56McNamara, Robert, 54, 255McNeil, Russell, 68media, 17

terrorism and, 229–230war reporting and, 72

medieval era, 16Medina Sidonia, Duke of, 164Megarian Decree, 100–101Meggido, 42–43Meinhof, Ulrike, 235Memoirs (Grant), 71Men Against Fire: The Problem of

Command in Future War(Marshall, S. L. A.), 36–37, 38, 39,42

Metz, Steven, 128Mexican-American War, 37, 56Middle East, 42–44. See also specific

countriesMilitärische Gesellschaft, 30

military careers, 7, 9. See also militaryprofession

Military Classics (Berlin), 49, 51military culture, 31, 251military documentation, 18military education. See also war studies;

specific schoolsafter WWII, 35–36Gray, Al, on, 49–51history, military careers and, 9Turner on, 8, 40–41, 47in U.S., 9, 35–36, 55–77, 254

military historians, 13–14, 65. See alsospecific individuals

military historybiased use of, 39books on, 36–53British Army on, 82history of war and, 12–20makers and recorders of, 8profession of arms and, 78–92rank and study of, 25recurring themes and, 46theory, doctrine and, 30–31, 32threads of continuity and, 46timeless verities of combat and, 46in U.S., 55–77uses of, 71–76, 87–91war studies and, 9, 26within wider historical studies, 26

“Military History and the ProfessionalOfficer ” (Millett), 39

military profession. See also professionof arms

Britain and history’s relevance to,23–31

U.S. and history’s relevance to, 34–54military, recurring problems in, 9Military Strategy: A General Theory of

Power Control (Wylie), 112Military Studies in the Jihad Against the

Tyrants (al Qaeda), 242–243Millen, Raymond, 128Miller Maguire, T., 191Millett, Allan R., 39Millionenheere, 18Millis, Walter, 36, 148Milne, Archibald Berkeley, 157Milne, Sir George, 189, 199, 201,

214Milosz, Czeslaw, 99–100, 110mines, 185

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278 Index

Minié ball, 56The Minimanual of Urban Guerrilla

Warfare (Marighella), 242Modern Strategy, 115Monash, General, 184Mongols, 232Montgomery, Bernard Law, 28–29, 36,

138, 140–141Montgomery-Massingberd, Sir

Archibald, 24, 32during inter-war period, 198, 201,

202, 203, 204, 207, 214Montross, Lynn, 38Moore, Dudley, 78Morale: A Study of Men and Courage

(Baynes), 49Moran, Lord, 49Morris, Thomas, 28mortars, 185Moslems, 219. See also AssassinsMost, Johannes, 241Mowatt Committee, 179Mubarak, Hosni, 226Munich, 210, 247munitions, guided, 53Murray, Williamson, 9, 50Muslims. See MoslemsMussolini, Benito, 146

Namier, Lewis, 83–84Napier, Sir Robert, 155–156Napoleon Bonaparte, 122

as commander, 29courses on, 56French Revolution and, 4, 120on God, 86Nelson v., 152Soviet Union invasion by, 3strategy and, 135–136

Napoleonic Wars, 15, 41, 150–151National Maritime Museum, 15National Security Council, 256National Zeitung, 191Native Americans, 56NATO, 59, 237Naval Academy, 81Naval Defence Act, 156naval history. See also specific ships

of Britain, 15, 150–169Dreadnought revolution and, 134,

161

Naval War College, 8Barrow at, 47Center for Advanced Research, 64Center for Naval Warfare Studies, 64curriculum at, 35, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46,

50, 64Luce and, 51, 56–57, 58, 64, 76Mahan and, 57, 58, 64, 76Press, 64Turner and, 8, 64, 76War Gaming Department, 64

The Naval Review, 162, 164navy. See British Navy; U.S. NavyNazis, 5, 19, 146, 215, 216Nelson, Admiral, 15, 36

Barrow on, 47Royal Navy and, 151, 152–153, 159,

168at Trafalgar, 47

Neo-Nazi Drops Out (Hasselbach),235

Nepal, 241New People’s Army (NPA), 233Newport, 58, 75Nicaragua, 236

Ortega brothers in, 231, 236terrorism in, 231, 236

Nicholas II (Tsar of Russia), 173, 174Nimitz, Chester W., 359/11 Commission report, 4Nizaris. See AssassinsNoriega, Manuel, 1Normandy landings, 20, 140–141nuclear weapons. See also atomic

weaponscourses on, 36and delivery systems, 26impacts of, 26, 53, 59, 61, 116, 148strategy and, 125, 145–146terrorism and, 241

Nye, Roger H., 49, 51

O’Brien, Patrick, 15Ocalan, Abdullah, 234officers. See also specific individuals

difficulties of history for, 81–87guidelines for, 46reading program for U.S. Marine

Corps, 51–53of Royal Navy, 154, 156–158self-education of, 46–47, 73

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Index 279

study program at Army War College,45–47, 51

Oklahoma City bombing, 227Olympic games, 105

Atlanta attacks, 223Omaha Beach, 84On Infantry (English), 48On Strategy: The Vietnam War in

Context (Summers), 47, 137On War (Clausewitz), 41–42, 45, 60,

244Patton and, 137, 149

One Hundred Days: The Memoirs ofthe Falklands Battle GroupCommander (Woodward), 53

operationsanalysis, 28, 32, 36books about, 48–49courses in, 35, 50Desert Storm, 34, 256Iraqi Freedom, 34, 51, 72, 257“Just Cause,” 256problems, 40Sealion, 20theory, 59

Operations (U.S. Army), 57opponents, understanding, 4, 31–32, 89,

92Orr, George E., 48Ortega, Daniel and Humberto, 231, 236Osgood, Robert, 37Ouknov, General, 177Ovonramwen (king of Benin City), 155Oxford University, 12, 17Oyama, General, 174

Pacific, naval battles in, 20Pagden, Anthony, 96Pakistan, 225Palestine

Britain and, 211, 215Israel and, 219, 222terrorism and, 219, 220United Nations Truce Supervision in,

42–44Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO), 44, 219, 240Palmer, David R., 60Panama, 1, 256Paraguay, 221, 222Parameters, 46

Paret, Peteron Clausewitz, 41, 117–119, 125Makers of Modern Strategy: From

Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age, 49translation of On War, 41

Paris Peace Accords, 135Passchendaele campaign, 16, 19, 85,

144Past Futures conference, 8, 9Pastrana, President, 237Patton (movie), 53Patton, George, 7, 137, 149Pax Britannica, 150, 153, 156peace

Accords, Paris, 135civil–military relations and, 254Kaplan on, 254Royal Navy and, 150–169study of history during, 3, 4, 8support operations, 31Thirty Years, 101Thucydides on, 105, 109Van Riper during war and, 9

Pedroncini, Guy, 145Peloponnesian League, 107Peloponnesian War, 2–3, 40, 55, 95The Peloponnesian War (Thucydides),

40, 55the Pentagon, 91, 125, 253, 256People’s Liberation Front. See JVPPercival, General, 192Pericles, 101Pershing, John J., 57Persia, 231–232The Persian Expedition (Xenophon), 41Peru, 241, 246Pétain, Phillipe, 140, 144–145Peters, Ralph, 114Philippines, 20

Huk movement in, 233, 235, 240–241terrorism and, 224–225, 233, 234,

235Phipps Hornby, Geoffrey, 160Pierce, William, 242PKK. See Kurdish Workers PartyPlevna, 171, 174PLO. See Palestine Liberation

OrganizationPlunkett, Reginald, 162, 169Plutarch, 86, 250poison gas, 171, 173, 242

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280 Index

politics. See also Communism;democracies

civil–military relations and, 253, 263Clausewitz on, 87–88, 129–130, 131,

261Germany and, 88security and, 114, 115–116society and, 31, 126strategy and, 143–146technology and, 126terrorism and, 221–222, 223,

224–225, 229–230, 240–241,244–246

Thucydides and, 97, 100–101, 102,106–110

U.S. and, 5, 87–89, 114Westphalian period of, 116

Polybius, 80, 82Posse Comitatus, 223Powell, Colin, 255Powell Doctrine, 259power, 86

terrorism and, 218–219, 231, 237,244–246

Pownall, Henry, 209Princip, Gavrilo, 226The Principles of War (Altham), 181Prior, Robin, 18profession of arms, 43, 78–92The Professional Soldier (Janowitz),

39Prusso-Germans, 174

al Qaeda, 4terrorism and, 219, 227, 229,

234–235, 239, 241, 243Quaddafi, Col., 225Quantico, 75

U.S. Marine Corps, The Basic School,39

U.S. Marine Corps, CombatDevelopment Command, 52, 75

U.S. Marine Corps, Command andStaff College, 49–51

Queen Elizabeth (ship), 164

race, Russo-Japanese War and,181–182, 192–193

RAF. See Royal Air ForceRahe, Paul, 10Rahman, Abdul, 233

railroads, 18, 56Ranke, Leopold von, 27Razviedchik, 182reading, 148–149

groups, 52–53program for U.S. Marine Corps,

51–53Reagan, Ronald, 229Rees, David, 38reflection, 27religions. See also specific religions

Royal Navy and, 153terrorism and, 219–220, 223–224,

226–227, 234–235, 243, 245Renaissance, 16Revolutionary Organization November

17, 237, 239revolution-in-military-affairs debate,

126–127Richmond, Herbert, 167, 169Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery

(Kennedy), 15The Road to Ramadan (Heikel), 43Robbins, Lionel, 12Roberts, Field Marshal Lord, 187Robertson, C. C., 186Robida, Albert, 171Rodney, George Brydges, 151Rogers, Captain, 185–186role gap, in civil–military relations, 246,

252Romans

on democracy, 86Greeks and, 41, 97, 250terrorism and, 114

Rommel, Erwin, 29, 45Rooke, Sir George, 151Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 247Roosevelt, Theodore, 182, 192Root, Elihu, 35, 57Rossiter, J. H., 183ROTC, 74Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 99Royal Air Force (RAF), 161

during inter-war period, 199,204–205, 211

Royal Artillery Institute, 186Royal Geographic Society, 157–158Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, 25,

42, 97Royal Military College, 8, 10

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Index 281

Royal Navy, 211. See also specificindividuals

in Africa, 154, 155–156Canada and, 154–155decentralization of, 151Edwardian, 160, 168expeditions of, 157–158fleet victories of, 151Germany v., 166–167GFBOs, 165–166, 167Gordon on war at sea and, 10gunnery practice/paintwork, 157Historical School, 161–162, 164imperialism/empire and, 153industrialization and, 154, 156,

158–161officers of, 154, 156–158peace and, 150–169piracy and, 154religion and, 153Saturday Review on, 159as sea power, 153–156Syndicate of Discontent, 161, 162tactics and, 151, 160technology and, 151, 158–161trade and, 154Victorian, 150–169

RTC (Royal Tank Corps) avant garde,198–202, 203, 208, 212–213

Rudd, Mark, 235Rudolph, Eric, 223Rupert, Prince (of England), 165Russ, Martin, 39Russell, Bertrand, 69Russell, Edward, 151Russia

civil war in, 197conquest of Caucasus, 20France and, 198Skobelev and, 114trans-Caspian railway, Afghanistan

and, 141Russian Army, 18Russo-Japanese War. See also specific

individualsbackground to, 172–173barbed wire and, 173, 178, 180, 183,

185character of, 180–181combined arms firepower in defense

and, 179–180

cultures, races and, 181–182,192–193

defense and artillery in, 177–179,185

defense and infantry weapons in, 176defense/offense in, 174–176emotion and, 192–193hand grenades and, 173, 185, 190indirect fire and, 173, 177–178, 183,

193lessons learned from, 170–194machine guns and, 173, 176, 178,

185, 186–187, 190morale and, 181–183, 188, 209society and, 170, 181, 184strategy and, 181–183, 191–192technology and, 170–171, 172–173,

183, 184, 187, 189–190trenches and, 178, 180, 183,

185–186, 190WW I and, 10, 184, 188–189

Saladin, 231Salisbury, third Marquess of, 136Sanchez, Ilich Ramirez, 226Sandhurst. See Royal Military AcademySandinistas, 236Sankey, C. E. P., 185Saudi Arabia, 229Scales, Robert, 128Scharnhorst, Gerhard von, 25, 28, 51Scheer, Reinhard, 166Schlieffen Plan, 18, 134Schmitt, John, 50–51School of Advanced Airpower Studies,

63School of Advanced Military Studies, 63School of Application for Cavalry and

Infantry, Fort Leavenworth, 57Schrader, Charles R., 62Schwarzkopf, Norman, 134sciences

fiction, 170–171history as, 133, 138–139, 140, 141natural, 90political, 59, 84social, 59, 90, 133technology and, 159of wars, 32, 36

Scott, Robert, 158Scowcroft, Brent, 1

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282 Index

securityafter Cold War, 115–116after September 11, 230of Britain, 197, 211, 216civil–military relations and, 248politics and, 114, 115–116U.S. and, 114, 230

Sedan, 174Sendero Luminoso, 234, 241separatism, national, 222–223September 11, 3, 226

failure to anticipate, 4impacts of, 230, 259terrorism and, 242, 243World Trade Center/Pentagon on, 91

Serbia, 226Shackleton, Ernest, 158Shalikashvili, John, 1Shaw, George Bernard, 165Sheffield, Gary, 18Sherman, William T., 57Shinseki, Eric, 1A Short Account of the Russo-Japanese

War for Examination Purposes(Footslogger), 188–189, 190

Sicily, 101, 102, 109, 220Sikhs, 243Sinnreich, Richard, 9Skelton, Ike, 50skinheads, 224Skobelev, Mikhail, 114Slim, William, 2, 71Small War Manual (U.S. Marine

Corps), 261Smiles, Samuel, 172Smith-Dorrien, Sir Horace, 190social studies, 81Social-Darwinian sense, 181societies

Bloch on war and, 171–172, 181changes in, 32French Revolution’s impact on, 4politics and, 31, 126Russo-Japanese War and, 170, 181war and, 10, 12, 16–20, 41, 114, 148women’s role in, 17

Socrates, 86The Soldier and the State (Huntington),

39Somalia, 91, 257Sombart, Werner, 16

the Somme, 16–17, 19, 85, 208Sophocles, 81Soviet Union, 110

agricultural disaster in, 86Communism in, 19, 218, 228in Egypt, staff rides with, 43–44Fulda Gap offensive, 259growth of military power in, 61invasion by Germany/Hitler, 3, 20,

80, 142–143invasion by Napoleon/Charles XII, 3operational analysis and, 28terrorism and, 223, 239–240theory and doctrine in, 30U.S., Israel and, 43WWII and, 214

Spanish Armada, 164Sparta, 100–101, 103, 105–110Spector, Ronald, 35Spencer, Earl, 156Spiller, Roger J., 36Spragge, C.H., 177Spruance, Raymond A., 35Sri Lanka, 221–222, 224, 238staff rides, 42–44, 52, 257Stalin, Joseph, 146, 147Starry, Donn, 62Stiehm, Judith, 73, 76stock bubbles, 86Stockdale, James, 49Story, J. P., 178Strachan, Hew, 15Strassler, Robert, 96strategic culture, 249strategies. See also specific

individuals/countriesbooks on, 45, 48–49Brodie on, 113courses in, 35, 50, 59definitions of, 139designing, 5exit, 260grand, 143–146history and, 133–149politics and, 143–146Russo-Japanese War and, 181–183,

191–192tactics and, 139–141, 148theatres, campaigns and, 141–143theory, 59, 61

Strategy (Liddell Hart), 38

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Index 283

“Strategy in a Post-ClausewitzianSetting” (Honig), 113

Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace(Luttwaks), 49

Street Without Joy (Fall), 38Sturdee, Sir Frederick, 164submarines, 59, 171Sudan, 221–222, 226, 234, 240Summary of the Art of War (Jomini),

67, 70Summers, Harry G., 47, 60, 137Sun Tzu, 50, 60, 122Sunni, 219, 231“Sure Shot” (“Tirofijo”), 237surveillance, 26, 53Swinton, E. D., 48–49, 186Syndicate of Discontent, 161, 162Syria, 231–232systems analysis, 53, 59, 61systems engineering, 36, 54

tactics, 40. See also specific countriesbooks about, 48–49courses in, 50strategy and, 139–141, 148

Taliban, 118, 130, 220, 226, 235Tamil terrorists, 224, 230, 238

Web site of, 230, 243tanks, 171, 186, 205–206, 209. See also

RTCTannenberg, 19Taruc, Luis, 235technologies. See also specific

technologiesAthens’ defeat and, 96changes in, 1, 8, 10, 26–27, 32,

53–54, 56, 115, 140, 141–142Clausewitz on, 125–127, 143friction and, 89, 90–91information, globalization and,

116–117new, 56politics and, 126Royal Navy and, 151, 158–161Russo-Japanese War and, 170–171,

172–173, 183, 187, 189–190science and, 159terrorism and, 241–243, 246U.S. and, 65, 67, 77, 89, 114,

125–127telegraphs, 18, 56

terrorism. See also September 11, 2001;specific countries/groups

airplanes and, 225, 235, 239, 240,241–242

animal rights, 224, 243anti-abortion, 224, 241causes of, 218–224civil strife and, 119communism and, 224, 226, 228cyber, 230definition of, 217, 220economy and, 230, 234environmental, 224, 243fatigue, 235France, Algeria and, 217–218, 221,

226–227, 234, 237future of, 238–246globalization and, 219, 238–239,

243–245Harmon on, 11history and, 217hostages and, 224–225, 235–236, 244how groups end, 231–237how it works, 224–231politics and, 221–222, 223, 224–225,

229–230, 240–241, 244–246power and, 218–219, 231, 237,

244–246rape and, 221religion and, 219–220, 226–227,

234–235, 243, 245resentment/humiliation and,

219–220, 234–235revenge and, 220revolution and, 227–228Romans and, 114state-supported, 224–226, 235–236,

239–241strength/duration of, 239success of, 231, 237suicide, 238, 245suppression of, 233technologies/weapons and, 241–243,

246Web sites and, 230, 238, 241, 242,

243Terrorism & Political Violence, 223Thatcher, Margaret, 229theatres, campaigns and strategies,

141–143Themistocles, 2, 102–103

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284 Index

Theodosius (king of Abyssinia), 155Theophrastus, 97theories. See also center of gravity

theoryClausewitz on, 6–7, 41–42, 69–73,

80Complexity, 235doctrine, military history and, 30–31,

32historical analysis v., 6–7Jomini on, 32, 70

The Theory and Practice of War(Howard), 45

Thieu, Nguyen Van, 135Third Reich, 181This Kind of War (Fehrenbach), 37Thomas, Hugh Evan, 165Thomas, Sir Shelton, 192Thompson, Julian, 136Thucydides, 10, 11, 65, 77, 250

on democracy, 102, 108–109as educator, 95on Greek hoplite battle, 69as historian, 80, 83, 86Hobbes on, 98–99on “the human,” 96–97, 101, 104Marshall, George, and Milosz on,

99–100, 110on Megarian Decree, 100–101on peace, 105, 109on Peloponnesian War, 2–3, 40, 55,

95on Pericles, 101–104, 108–110politics and, 97, 100–101, 102,

106–110Rahe on, 10Rousseau on, 99on Themistocles, 102–103

Thutmosis III, 42The Times (of London), 191Togo, Admiral, 174Tolstoy, Leo, 81Tools of Empire (Headrick), 14Torrington, Lord, 151Tovey, John Cronyn, 166Trafalgar, 191

Nelson at, 47Royal Navy and, 150, 151, 152, 164

The Transformation of War (vanCreveld), 48

Travers, Tim, 18Trenchardian logic, 159

trenches, 178, 180, 183, 185–186, 190trend analysis, 124, 238, 245–246Treves, Sir Frederick, 183Trotsky, Leon, 16, 138–139Turabi, Hasan al, 226Turkey, 228, 231, 234Turner, Stansfield

on Clausewitz, 41–42on military education, 40–41, 47,

50Naval War College and, 8, 64, 76

The Turner Diaries (Pierce), 2422003 Staff College “Defence Research

Paper,” 161The Two Vietnams (Fall), 38

U-boats, 161, 167, 203Ulster, 220, 222Union or Death group (Black Hand),

226United Kingdom. See also Britain;

IrelandGermany invasion of, 20terrorism and, 221

United NationsCharter, 240FLN and, 229Truce Supervision in Palestine, 42–44

United States (U.S.). See also September11, 2001

Afghanistan and, 34, 89, 257on asymmetric threats and strategy,

128Britain and, 211, 214–215Civil War, 14, 56, 70, 184civil–military relations in, 5, 11, 247education in, 81gangs in, 220history’s relevance to military

profession in, 34–54Hitler declaring war on, 80immigration policy of, 45in Iraq, 34, 88–89, 91, 146, 229Israel and, 219, 228on Jomini v. Clausewitz, 112, 122military education in, 9, 35–36,

55–77, 254military history in, 55–77nuclear weapons against Japan,

145–146in Pacific and WWII, 142–143in Philippines, 20

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Index 285

politics and, 5, 87–89, 114security and, 114, 230in Somalia, 91, 257study of history in, 5, 14superiority of, 61, 260technology and, 65, 67, 77, 89, 114,

125–127terrorism and, 221, 224, 229, 233,

243, 244war colleges in, 8War of Independence, 14WW I and, 79

University of London, 12University of Reading, 10The Unparalleled Invasion (London),

191–192Upton, Emory, 35, 51, 261Uruguay, 231U.S. Air Force, 59

Academy, 49, 81U.S. Army. See also Command and

General Staff Collegeair corps in, 57, 59Center of Military History, 46, 51,

61Infantry Journal, 45Institute for Military Assistance, 40joke about turning waltz into drill,

66Military History Institute, 63Military History Research Collection,

63School of Advanced Military Studies,

62–63School of Fire, 178Training and Doctrine Command, 57,

62U.S. Navy v., 47

U.S. Army War CollegeAdvanced Strategic Arts Program, 63,

76combat arms officers at, 41conference on “The ‘New’ American

Way of War,” 127–128, 129curriculum at, 50, 57, 63–64, 73officer study program at, 45–47, 51Stiehm on, 73, 76West Point and, 57

U.S. Congress, 250, 253U.S. Constitution, 250U.S. Department of Defense, 51, 74,

114, 127

U.S. Marine CorpsAmphibious Warfare School, 39The Basic School, Quantico, 39blood stripes on uniforms of, 37Combat Development Command,

Quantico, 52, 75Command and Staff College,

Quantico, 49–51customs/traditions of, 37doctrine for, 50–51, 58history’s relevance in, 34–54Mike Company, 40reading program for officers, 51–53Recruit Depot, 37Small War Manual, 261

U.S. Marine Corps University, 11Command and Staff College and,

49–51conference, 8

U.S. Military Academy, 46U.S. Navy, 47. See also Naval War

College“The Use and Abuse of Military

History” (Howard), 25–26, 45–46USS Cole, 238, 240Uzbekistan, 240

Valery, Paul, 259values gap, in civil–military relations,

251van Creveld, Martin, 47–48, 121Van Riper, Paul, 9, 11, 75Vasittart, Robert, 83–84Vegetius, 60Velez, Marulanda, 237Verdun, 19, 85Versailles Treaty, 203Victoria, Queen (of England), 155, 156,

160Victorian Royal Navy, 150–169Vietcong, 240–241Vietnam War, 1, 127–128

books on, 49civil–military relations and, 253, 255defeat/failures in, 2, 47, 59–61, 88,

89, 137France and, 89impacts of, 34, 36, 38–40, 41, 45,

59–61insurgency and, 1Kolko on, 144“Linebacker II” bombing, 135

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286 Index

views, rejection & suppression of, 4Villalobos, Joachim, 236Villeneuve, Pierre Charles Jean Baptiste

Silvestre de, 152Von Bülow, 70Von Mellinthin, Friedrich, 61Von Moltke, Graf, 171–172, 261

Wales, Prince of, 156war colleges. See also specific colleges

“learning against the clock” in, 27National, 7study of war in, 35, 75–76in U.S., 8

war studies, 16disciplines under, 13growth of, 20master’s degree in, 25military history and, 9, 26at Royal Military Academy, 42

War Through the Ages (Montross), 38Wards, G. T., 192Warfighting, 51, 52Warrender, George, 165Warrior Politics (Kaplan), 114wars. See also battles; civil wars; specific

warsart of, 36, 41, 70chance in, 112, 127, 131character of, 173, 179, 180–181, 244Clausewitz on, 27, 88–89, 90–91, 92,

117communications during, 18–19costs of, 43Crimean, 141economy and, 12, 18, 19of English and Spanish Successions,

151four elements of, climate and, 118Franco Prussian, 135–136games, 35glorification of, 17guerrilla, 217, 220, 236, 239, 244human element of, 28, 49of Independence, U.S., 14Israeli-Arab, 43, 61of Jenkins Ear, 151Korean, 37, 38, 59, 253last, study of, 2, 79levels of, 48–49limited, 118, 120

memorialization of, 17Mexican-American, 37, 56Munich, 210Napoleonic, 15, 150–151nature of, 5, 119Peloponnesian, 2–3, 40, 55, 95People’s Revolutionary, 26principles of, 147, 188–189reality of, 90, 92reporting, 72science of, 32, 36Seven Years, 151simulations and games, 116society and, 10, 12, 16–20, 41, 114,

148theories of, 41–42three block, 31trinitarian, 117–118, 122, 130universal element in, 118, 119–120,

128, 130Zulu, 157

Warsaw Pact, 59The War of Atonement (Herzog), 43The War with Hannibal (Livy), 41Wass de Czege, Huba, 62Waterloo, 47, 68weapons. See also specific weapons

biological, 242changes in, 15, 19, 53chemical, 178of mass destruction, 242, 260terrorism, technologies and,

241–243, 246Web sites, terrorism and, 230, 238, 241,

242, 243Webster, Sir Charles, 12–13, 17Weinberger, Caspar, 259Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 29, 47Wells, H. G., 171, 186Weltanschauung (world view), 86West Point, 73

Army War College and, 57curriculum at, 56, 58, 62, 81Grant at, 56

Westmoreland, William, 89white supremacy groups, 223, 224, 242,

245Wijeweera, Rohan, 221–222Wilhelmina, Queen (of Netherlands),

192Wilson, Arthur “Old Ard Art,” 157

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Index 287

Wilson, Sir Henry, 85Wilson, Trevor, 18Wilson, Woodrow, 136Wing, F. D. V., 179Winters, Dick, 53wireless telephony, 199–200, 210Wolsley, Lord, 172women, 17, 238Woodward, Sandy, 53, 136World Crisis (Churchill), 232World Markets Research Company, 243World War I (WWI). See also specific

battles/individualsArmy War College study of, 45blockade during, 19Britain and, 2, 19casualties of, 138Churchill on, 84events determining outcome of, 20France and, 2, 18, 79, 214Germany and, 2, 18, 19, 67, 79lessons learned from, 2, 58–59, 137,

148Russo-Japanese War and, 10, 184,

188–189strategy and, 144–146U.S. and, 79World War II v., 2, 19–20, 144–146

World War II (WWII), 253. See alsospecific individuals

allies in, 14Army War College study of, 45books on, 37–38, 61Britain and, 10, 137–138, 140, 195,

214defeats in, 10, 19German victories in, 79military education after, 35–36preparation for, 57–58Soviet Union and, 214strategy and, 137–138, 142–143,

144–146study of, 59U.S. in Pacific and, 142–143Waffen SS/Red Army during, 86World War I v., 2, 19–20, 144–146

Wylie, J. C., 112

Xenophon, 41, 69

Yemen, 239–240Yoshibashi, Major General, 188Young, Peter, 25

Zawahiri, Aiman al, 234Zinni, Anthony, 1

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