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Independent Organizations
No two exactly alike
Hierarchical
Chain of command
Potential Problems?
Personnel changes
Internal reorganization
Problems with the:
Time-in-Rank System
Officers cannot skip rank
Restrict administrative flexibility
Minor disturbances Service calls Administrative
duties
Books, Movies &
T.V.
Real Police WorkVs.
COPS
“Crime Fighting”:
Questions:
• In what ways does the role of policing differ
in reality from what is seen in the media?
• What is a “typical” day for police officers?
• Is there a “typical” day or does the police
role differ on a daily basis?
Patrol Activities
Deter crime
Maintain public order
Respond quickly
Identify and apprehend law violators
Provide aid
Facilitate the movement of traffic and people
Create a feeling of security in the community
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues:
SWAT Teams and Paramilitary Units
History and growth
Overkill?
Walking a fine line?
Evidence-Based Justice
The Police Presence and Deterrence
The Kansas City Experiment
Improving Patrol
Order maintenance
Peacekeeping
Aggressive Patrol
Proactive policing
Targeting specific crimes
Improving Patrol:
Broken windows policing
Neighborhood disorder creates fear
Neighborhoods can give out crime-promoting signals
Police need to aggressively target low-level “quality of
life” crimes
Improving Patrol:
Increases in arrests
Rapid response
Procedural justice
Use of technology
Criminal Justice and Technology: In-Car Cameras
Officer Safety
Professionalism and
performance
Defense against complaints
Leadership benefits
Training
Distraction from the job
Too much reliance on the camera
Too much information
Stress and job performance
Criticisms OfReasons For
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues
Street stories: the world
of police detectives
How Do Detectives Detect?
Informants
Undercover
Interviews
Forensic evidence
Specific focus
General coverage
Informative data gathering
Sting Operations
Organized groups of detectives
Undercover Work
Pose as criminals or as victims
Psychological problems
“War on Drugs: Somalia”:
Questions:
• How organized is the smuggling of khat?
• What are some of the problems with
trying to catch khat smugglers?
Evaluating Investigations
Criticisms: Paperwork, Inefficiency
Improving Investigations
Patrol officers
Specialized units
Collection of physical evidence
Witness identification
Using Technology
Coplink
“Bait Cars”:
Questions:
• In the case of bait cars, how does
technology help catch offenders committing
a crime that is especially difficult to catch?
• Are bait cars a good idea? Why? Why not?
• What problems do you see with bait car
operations?
Careers in Criminal Justice:
Private Detectives and Investigators
Duties and characteristics of the job
Job outlook
Salary
Opportunities
Qualifications
Education and training
Implementing Community Policing
Foot patrol
Federal funding
The Challenges of Community Policing
Defining community
Defining roles
Changing supervisor attitudes
Reorienting police values
Revising training
Reorienting recruitment
Reaching out to every community
Overcoming Obstacles
Criminal Acts, Criminal Places
Combating auto theft
Reducing violence
Gang tactical detail unit
Operation ceasefire
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues:
The displacement problem Types of displacement
Temporal
Spatial
Target
Tactical
Offense
Intelligence and the Intelligence
Process:
Tactical intelligence
Strategic intelligence
Intelligence sharing
Intelligence-led policing
Blueprint
Intelligence process
principles and policies
Individuals’ privacy and
civil rights
National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan
Sharing of information
National model for
intelligence training
Timely and credible
intelligence sharing
Leverage existing systems
and networks, yet allows
flexibility
Fusion Centers
Support for a range of law enforcement activities
Help for major incident operations and support for
units charged with interdiction and criminal
investigations
Provide the means for community input, often
through “tip lines”
Assistance to law enforcement executives
Personnel Service
Internal Affairs Division
Administration and Control
of Budgets
Maintenance and
Dissemination of
Information
Dispatch
Training
Citizen Police Interactions
Forensics
Planners
Police Support Functions
Consolidation
Informal Arrangements
Sharing
Pooling
Differential Police
Responses
Service Districts
Civilian Employees
Multiple Tasking
Special Assignments
Contracting