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Independent Catalyst Test
Report 2015Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulfurization
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FCC gasoline desulfurization� Goal: desulfurize FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss
� Uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating
� Uses selective catalysts to minimize olefin saturation
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Commercial status� Got off the ground in 1999
� There are now 300 units in the world
� Most are Scanfining (ExxonMobil) or Prime G (Axens) units
� Revamps and new builds are ongoing
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FCC gasoline desulfurization catalysts are designed for olefin retention selectivity
• Excerpt from ExxonMobil presentation
• Shows ExxonMobil pilot plant data - olefin
retention selectivity
Excerpt from XOM presentation
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Independent catalyst test report
2015 (ICT 2015)
� Side-by-side pilot plant tests of competitive catalysts
� Catalysts are ranked on activity and selectivity
� Includes competitive analysis
� Includes new insights on the process
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 4 8 12 16 20
Sulfur ppm
Days
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
Cold temp Warm temp
Hot temp
ICT 2015 - desulfurization activity
Other experiments
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ICT 2015 - olefin retention selectivity
� Green and white data
points are from ICT 2015
tests of competitive
catalysts
� Trendlines are XOM pilot
plant data for RT-225 and
RT-235
Note: This chart shows 4 of 20 data points from ICT Report 2015
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ICT 2015 Technology landscape charts
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5
10
15
20
25
30
1 10 100
Ole
fin
s, w
t%
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N chart
temperature increasing
Normal operating window
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ICT 2015 Catalyst ranking grid
Base selectivity -5 wt% olefin saturation
-20°F
-10°F
0°F
+10°F
+20°F
+30°F
Delta
Activity
Delta Selectivity
Test catalysts are placed in this grid
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Pushing the limits• Studying the detailed chemistry of the process
• Pushing severity to make ultra low sulfur gasoline
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Pushing the limitsReactivity of compound groups
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ICT 2015 – olefins by carbon number
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
wt%
olefins
Carbon number
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
wt% in feed
cold
warm
hot
olefins by carbon number
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C5 olefins C9 olefins
ICT 2015 - olefin selectivity by
compound group
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 10 100Sulfur, ppm
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 10 100Sulfur, ppm
Normal operating
window
Normal operating
window
Wt%
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Pushing the limitsSelectivity by individual compound
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2-methyl-2-butene A C10 olefin
ICT 2015 - olefin selectivity by
individual compound
0
1
1 10 100Sulfur, ppm
0
0.1
1 10 100Sulfur, ppm
Wt%
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Pushing the limitsSelectivity for other hydrocarbon types
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ICT 2015 - isoparaffin selectivity
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20
25
30
1 10 100
Iso
pa
raffin
s,
wt%
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
temperature increasing
Normal operating window
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Pushing the limitsIncreasing severity to make ultra-low-sulfur gasoline
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ICT 2015 – octane retention selectivity
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
1 10 100
RO
N O
cta
ne
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst testNormal operating window
Increasing severity
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ICT 2015 – octane retention selectivity
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
1 10 100
RO
N O
cta
ne
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst testNormal operating window
Increasing severity
Other reactions start happening as you go out here
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ICT 2015 – octane retention selectivity
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
1 10 100
RO
N O
cta
ne
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst testNormal operating window
Increasing severity
It is possible to INCREASE octane while going deeper
in desulfurization
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Independent catalyst test report
2015� Competitive catalysts have been tested
� They are ranked on desulfurization activity
� They are ranked on olefin retention selectivity
� Large improvements in desulfurization/octane performance are possible at deep desulfurization
� The report is available to anyone from Hoekstra Trading
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Thanks for your attention!
� George Hoekstra
� http://hoekstratrading.com
� +1 630 330-8159
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