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INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER PHILADELPHIA, PA SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION APRIL 17, 2003. BY LISA BORNEMANN LIGHTING / ELECTRICAL. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER. TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCEVISITOR CENTERVISITOR CENTERPHILADELPHIA, PAPHILADELPHIA, PA
SENIOR THESIS SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
APRIL 17, 2003APRIL 17, 2003
BY LISA BORNEMANNLIGHTING / ELECTRICAL
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTERINDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER
INTRODUCTION
THEATER LIGHTING
TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING
MAIN HALL LIGHTING
GLAZING STUDY
NOT DISCUSSED:
ELECTRICAL DESIGN
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
EXTERIOR LIGHTING
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• LOCATION
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Philadelphia, PA
Redevelopment of Independence National Historical Park
Independence Mall:
Independence Visitor CenterNational Constitution CenterLiberty Bell Pavilion
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
Picture courtesy of Brinjac Engineering
• BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• 54,000 square foot 2 story facility built above an existing 3 story parking garage.
• Steel building with a brick façade.
• Copper hip roof with skylights through part of it and a cupola in the center.
• Large windows cover both the east and west sides.
• Grand Opening: November 19, 2001
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN TEAM
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Architect: Kallmann, McKinnell & Wood Architects
Owners: Independence Visitor Center Corporation National Park Service Philadelphia Parking Authority
MEP Engineers: Brinjac / Kambic & Associates
Lighting Designers: Fisher Marantz Stone
Master Planners: Olin Partnership
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
Philadelphia, PA: Latitude: 39° N Longitude:
75° W
• BUILDING ORIENTATION
Ticket CounterMain Hall
Theater
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTERINDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER
INTRODUCTION
THEATER LIGHTING
TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING
MAIN HALL LIGHTING
GLAZING STUDY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• SPACE CONDITIONS
THEATERTHEATER
FINISHES
FLOOR WALLS CEILING FURNITURE
Rubber – Matte dark grayρ = 0.20
Acoustical Panels and drywall painted matte off-whiteΡ = 0.55
Drywall painted matte off-whiteρ = 0.70
Benches for 170 seats and Podium: Light wood with matte finish
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN GOALS
THEATERTHEATER
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS
TASK HORIZONTAL
Circulation during video 0.1 – 0.2 fc
Circulation before, after, and intermission
5 fc
Reading before, after, and intermission
30 fc
Speaker at podium 30 fc
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN GOALS
THEATERTHEATER
•To highlight the speaker at the podium
•Luminance Ratio 5:1•To have good facial modeling of the speaker and audience•To provide adequate visibility for safe circulation at all times•To provide comfortable viewing conditions•To minimize the power density: below the recommended value of 1.6 W/sq. ft. for a motion picture theater
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
THEATERTHEATER
Recessed 6” aperture CFL downlight
Cove mounted fluorescent T8 strip
Recessed 4” aperture halogen adjustable accent light
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• CALCULATION RESULTS
THEATERTHEATER
Illuminance levelsFloor = 30 fc
Illuminance levelsSpeaker = 15-25 fcWall = 2-3 fc
Illuminance levelsFloor = 3-4 fc
Luminance RatiosSpeaker : Wall = 5:1
Power Density1.04 W/sq.ft. < 1.6 W/sq.ft.
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• FINAL RENDERINGS
THEATERTHEATER
Path of egress during video
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• FINAL RENDERINGS
THEATERTHEATER
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTERINDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER
INTRODUCTION
THEATER LIGHTING
TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING
MAIN HALL LIGHTING
GLAZING STUDY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• LOCATION
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• SPACE CONDITIONS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
WINDOW WINDOW
FINISHES
FLOOR WALLS CEILING FURNITURE
Rubber - Matte dark gray
ρ = 0.20
Gypsum wall board painted off-white
ρ = 0.55
Drywall painted matte off-white
ρ = 0.70
Desk: Light wood with matte finish
Counter: Dark gray, matte, ρ = 0.20
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN GOALS
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS
TASK HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
Reading written or printed tasks 30 fc
VDT Screen 3 fc 3 fc
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN GOALS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
•To use facial modeling to make the workers look approachable•To highlight the back wall to draw people’s attention•To provide a comfortable place for people to work•To prevent direct and reflected glare from VDT screens•To prevent glare and shadows on the work plane•To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 1.5 W/sq. ft.
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
Backlit frosted glass wall
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
T8 fluorescent strip mounted behind glass wall for backlighting
T8 strip mounted in cove as a wallwasher
6” aperture CFL downlight
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• BACKLIT WALL DETAILS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Fluorescent T8 strip
White Back WallFrosted Glass Wall
SECTION AT BACKLIT WALL FRONT VIEW OF BACKWALL
Acoustical Ceiling Tile
3M Film
Office
Backlit Frosted Glass Wall
Fluorescent T8 strip
Fluorescent T8 strip
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• CALCULATION RESULTS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Illuminance levelsCounters = 30 fc
Floor behind main counter = 20 fc
Floor behind side counters = 30 fc
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• CALCULATION RESULTS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Luminance Ratios:VDT Screen and surrounding
counters = 1:3 Screen : computer = 1:4
Power Density: 1.16 W/sq.ft. < 1.5 W/sq.ft
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• FINAL RENDERINGS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTERINDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER
INTRODUCTION
THEATER LIGHTING
TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING
MAIN HALL LIGHTING
GLAZING STUDY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• LOCATION
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• SPACE CONDITIONS
FINISHES
FLOOR WALLS CEILINGSKYLIGHT GLAZING
Gray-Green Terrazzo ρ = 0.30
Gypsum wall board painted off-white (Larson’s Cream)ρ = 0.55
Perforated metal deck w/ acoustical panels, painted matte white. Parts with skylights.ρ = 0.70
Total existing system: Tv=50% SC = 0.38
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN GOALS
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS
TASK HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
Circulation 10 fc 3 fc
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• DESIGN GOALS
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
•To make the space feel like it is outside•To increase the daylight in the space through addition of skylights•To avoid as much direct glare as possible from skylights•Integrate daylight with electric light•To create a pleasing and inviting environment•To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 0.5 – 1.6 W/sq. ft. for a corridor or transition space
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• REDESIGN
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
T5HO Strip Uplighting the roof with light blue gels to match the color of daylight
Surface mounted to bottom of truss, T5HO lamp with cross baffles.
Additional Skylights
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• REDESIGN
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
Additional skylights will be added to the already existing skylight configuration
Locations of additional skylights
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• REDESIGN
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
Direct Glare Prevention from Skylights
Use Micro Sun Shielding Louvers embedded between the two panes of glass in the skylights.
They reflect the direct solar rays while allowing the diffuse skylight to pass through.
Diffuse Skylight Solar Radiation
The Micro Sun Shielding Louver is used in this example. The skylights still appear clear.
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• CALCULATION RESULTS
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
With electric light only
Illuminance on floor = 12 fc Power Density:
1.56 W/sq.ft. < 1.6W sq.ft.
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• RENDERINGS
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTERINDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER
INTRODUCTION
THEATER LIGHTING
TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING
MAIN HALL LIGHTING
GLAZING STUDY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• GLAZING STUDY Calculations performed in Radiance
Existing skylight configuration and new skylight configuration
Dates: June 21 and December 21
Times: 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 4:00 pm
Sky conditions: Clear
Glazing: Existing Glazing – Transmittance = 54%, SC = 0.38
Calculation Results
Existing skylight conditions do not provide a uniform illuminance on the floor due to the shape of the skylights.
The maximum illuminance levels are the same for both configurations, but the new configuration is much more
uniform
There is plenty of light on the floor most times of the day and year. The times when electric light will be necessary are after 4:00 pm.
December 4:00 pm: 12-20 fc
June 4:00 pm: 100-150 fc
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLAZINGS COMPARED
GlazingVisible Light
TransmittanceU-value Winter
U-value Summer SHGC SC
Outdoor Visible Light
Reflectance
Sungate 500 (2) Clear 74% 0.35 0.38 0.6 0.7 16%
Solarban 80 (2) Clear 47% 0.29 0.29 0.23 0.27 32%
Solarcool (2) Azuria 26% 1.09 1.14 0.36 0.41 19%
Solarban 60 (3) Azuria 52% 0.29 0.31 0.3 0.35 9%
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• GLAZING STUDY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• GLAZING STUDY MECHANICAL LOAD COMPARISON
Glazing Type Cooling Load
(BTU/hr)
Cooling Load (Tons)
Heating Load
(BTU/hr)
Heating Load (Tons)
Sungate 500 (2) Clear
168780 14.1 205625 17.1
Solarban 80 (2) Clear
155281 12.9 201317 16.8
Solarcool (2) Azuria
187569 15.6 260544 21.7
Solarban 60 (3) Azuria
165967 13.8 202035 16.8
Compared with mechanical loads for existing skylight configuration: Cooling = 11.7 tons Heating = 16.2 tons
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• CONCLUSION •Additional skylights are recommended:
Electric light is only rarely required
People will feel close to the outdoors
Minimal heating and cooling load changes with properly selected glazing
•Power densities were below requirements
•Design solutions meet the required criteria
•Designs had minimal intrusion on the spaces
All fixtures were hidden in coves or at least recessed
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AE FACULTY
DR. MISTRICK
DR. MOECK
ED WUNDERLEY
AE FRIENDS
KEVIN OLSAVSKY – BRINJAC ENGINEERING
FISHER MARANTZ STONE
FRIENDS AND FAMILY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
QUESTIONS?????
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• CONTROLS
THEATERTHEATER
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
• BACKLIT WALL DETAILS
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• GLAZING CONFIGURATIONNew glazing panes: 3’4” x 6’5”
Old glazing panes: 3’4” x 2’1”
New glazing Area: 1480 sq. ft.
Old glazing Area: 564.6 sq. ft.
Increase in area by 162%
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• STRUCTURAL STUDY Due to an increase in load with the skylights a structural study was performed
Deflection and Moment Calculations were performed
W10x22 + C6x8.2
W10x33 + W6x9
W10x22
New skylight added to existing skylight to match larger skylight
W10x22 + C6X8.2
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• STRUCTURAL STUDY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
Power Density: Theater
TypeLamp Wattage
Input Wattage
Number Fixtures
Total Wattage
FA 32 38 25 950
FB 32 29.5 22 649
FC 20 20 2 40
Total Wattage 1639
Square Footage 1580
Power Density 1.04
THEATERTHEATER
• POWER DENSITY
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER
• POWER DENSITY Power Density: Ticket Counter
TypeLamp
WattageInput
WattageNumber Fixtures
Total Wattage
FD 26 26.5 16 424
FE 32 35 4 140
FF 32 37.3 7 261.1
FF-1 16 17.5 1 17.5
Total Wattage 842.6
Square Footage 729
Power Density 1.16
Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA
Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical
MAIN HALLMAIN HALL
• POWER DENSITY
Power Density: Main Hall
TypeLamp Wattage
Input Wattage
Number Fixtures
Total Wattage
FG 54 62 10 620
FH 54 58.5 88 5148
Total Wattage 5768
Square Footage 3700
Power Density 1.56