Independence - No.258

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Photo : SRDC

Shan Herald Agency for News 3

INDEPENDENCE

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4 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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Photo : SRDC

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INDEPENDENCE

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Photo : Mizzima

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6 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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z.if;odkuf;rmefjzOf=def; a[Mjvdkyfjulef;OmefjvBmndlifb tqjOAif;vBm;cMjeefU urfjerfv.rfrBjqfgq.rf;OMj- odkuf;rmefjqmifjnOfwdkOfUwmif;,kifj,mifjeBUao uefUqefemif;,dif;ndufb vkufjn.efb tvjwif; cMj[Frf,dkOf;wBmulef;Omefj rdlefeifbyD 1996-1997 ylefUrM;-OMjeB/

uefUqefUn.efb,dif;Oef;xd 05_08_09 odkuf;rmefjwyfU

cr, 132 au;oD; nef cov (qefU 3wkrfb) omef;an; n.ef=Of[Fif;ulef; 30wOfq.rf;Omefje.ufjtvj cmOf;,mrf; 10;00rlif; ugMbzMbpM;emif;ekwf; (qdkOfjuFuf;)nMb,k 15 yD? wif;e.ifU,dif;n.efbref; emif;e.ifU (qdkOfjuFuf;) nMb,k 8 clyfb? qdkOfjayMjtrjvkif;=dif; yMjofg (qdkOfjuFuf;) ulef;OmefjuFif;ndlifbau;oD; z.if;o.ifcMyDje.ifU ugMb[MOlOf;wmif;+ifbOmefj,mefuBOmefjr.ufjcdkifjvuf;/

omef;an; +ifUo.ifcMyDje.ifUugMbq.rf;uFyfUedkifjao qdoifbvkufje.ifUref; ugMbxMjn.efwmif;? wlOfref;wif; vkufje.ifU 4-5auMU udkwf;wmif;vifao yefbykwfjuef uefU

qef emif;ekwf;/ odkuf;rmefjv.ufbidkwfjOMj-ayM;rdlOf;vmwfjteydlefj awrM;cMj[Frfo.ifcdlOfyDje.ifUwBm nOfyM;ayMjtrjolwBmxFifj? qldOf;olnrfbrD;ylb[AifylbumifUoif? nMbeMb_acMjqdoifb rD;wDjodkuf;rmefj[Of;rlwf;-OMjeB/

v.ifjeBh emif;ekwf;nrfb[wf;rM;vmwfjtezfgaowMU auMUyAefe.ifU,dif;ref; orfUvmwfjteydlefjckdef;oAifj- vFifbcmOfbvmwfjeifbeB/

wdp.yf;[myfbclOf;Oef;xd 07_08_09 odkuf;rmefjwyfU

vBm;cMj cr, 515 n.ufbiM;odkuf;ugMbOmefju.if;[kif; ndlifbOmefjcFrf? ,mrf; 08;00 rlif;wdnOfo.ifauMUzlOfar;? qBm;eefb nMb,k 25emif;vD nMb,k 22 (rD;vkufjn.efb vBj 1vdlef) ndufbulef;Omef;odyf;yBm [myfbclOf;ugMbwmif;OAif;? ugMbyB.bo.ifcMzlOfar;wDjvBm;cMjOef;xd 09_08_09 /

vBj=UOMj odkuf;rmefjzOfOmefju.if;[kif;yFwfjrlwf;? awy.ufjcdkef;=def;auMj nrfbqmifjrdlOf;/ =def;qBm;eefb-emif;vD wdkufU[M[Awf;,OfUrdlOfjylefUrM;nrfbayM;[dkif? yDje.ifUqldOf;[Awf;umefwmif;rldif;xB;olifbidkef;rdlOf;tvjvBj[Awf;? clOf;efg;=def;okrf;ugMbwif;erfwif;vBm/Omefju.if;[kif;r.ufj 30 =def; odkuf;rmefjzOfyFwfjrlwf;/ ¾

Photo : SRDC

Photo : Mizzima


INDEPENDENCE

ulef;Omefj=Ofvlrf; wmwfbr.ufb ukef[kif;3 Omefj tqjOAif;vBm;cMj nefpM;zOf=def;_vdkyfja[Mj ugMb,lbomyfbOAif;vBm;cMjqdlOf;eefUodkuf;rmefjqdoifb {jrdlOf;,lbcdkef;OmefjzfgOmefjref;? orfhwAuf;cmef;qfgUwmifbOmefjwmifbndlifbqdlOf;nrfbpM;a[MjvdkyfjzOf=def;ugMbqB.jxFrf 3Omefj/

ulef;Omefj ndlifb=OfcBm; tqjOAif;rldif;udkifqdlOf;yBmjugMbwmif;wlifbvmOf;eefh ,lbq.rf;yDjzfge.ifUref;ndwf;n.wf;? r.ufj 80-100 auMUydkifjndif,lboOf;q.rf;OwfUOM;/ ZBmboifc rkefqOfj qB.jwdwf;awMb,.ef;wmif;urfUxFrf auM

odkuf;rmefjwAuf;qfgUwmifbOmefjndlifb ugMbq.BjqdlOf;pM;qkwfbzOfvdufjvBm;uljwDj rdlefeifbvMjoAOfj erfUvefjoDbayMU xkifUrmOf; rlbaqj-erfUcrf;/ qdlOf;rD;erfUqfgugMbqB.jcOfjomef wmif;udef wmif;,FrfU nDj,lwf;nDj,M clOf;ekifjwmif;rBauMjrD;/

ulpf;uMj v.ifjqB.jxFrfqdlOf;eBU odkuf;rmefj[mrfj_wAifugmrf;euf;OBU wuf;nrfbvBjyefn.ufbcmOfb/ qdlOf;vBjxkufba[MjvdkyfjugMb,lbq.rf;OAif;eefU rdlOfjtwbref; odkuf;rmefjyefugMbqB.jxFrf,lb? nrfbvBjqB.jxmifb[mifj/ ulef;Omefju.if;? ymifp.ifb ndlifb=OfcBm; qdlOf;yBmjugMbwlifbvmOf; ,lbq.rf;OwfUOM;eefU qB.jxFrfvBjvyfU

vyfU / Oef;xd 11_08_09 oifc OwfUwlifbvmOf; wif;wuMbyM;xlOfj 2 vrf; wmifbcOfjerfUclOf;c.ifawugMbqB.julef;Omefj? wyfU 64b515 cOf[mrfjOBU? nrfbvBjugMbqB.jxFrf/

Omefjulef;pM;zOfeBU nrfbu.rfUvBm;cMjulpf;? yM;wif;tqjOAif;au;oD;-rldif;udkif/odkuf;rmefjqfgUulef;OmefjrdlOf;,lbcdkef;OmefjuOfbzfgref;ao[mrfjn.ufbe.ufjOmefj/ uAOfbvlpfjulef;OmefjwkufU,mufjcmefqfgeBU wlifbOlif;wB;uAif;rBb rldif;u.ufb wdkufUOlefU[Mv.uf;vBm; ydlOfjwMbqmifjqB.jxFrfyDje.ifUzljxlyf;az; vlpfjvBm;omifbxkufbokwf;,lb-OMjeB/ ¾

Oef;xd 25_05_09 Oef;twbydkwfb=if;[Aef; zlju.ef;=if;[Aef;qefUokifOAif;erfUcrf;aWMbOdef;Odef;olpfb n.ufbacMjoifb{jcl;o.efcOf uAyf;idkef;uMj=if;[Aef; wDjvkufj[Aef; uljqefUqefU wifjtwbqefUn.ef qefUiOfjqefUumif tvjqefUokif/ qefUn.ef auMUvfg3b900 ysM;? qefU 1 xdkifqefU 7 auMUvfg3b900-6b500 ysM;? qefUokif 6b800 -8b000 ysM;/ e.ufjaoeefU rdlOfjvkufj[Aef;ugMbvlif;oBmrBmqdkOfjoAifauMj wAuf;qfgUodkOfUOfgOFyfbz.rf@ (Form) auMUvfg 500 ysM; tvjodkOfUyyfUwFrfjauMUvfg 1 vlOf uMjcef 2b800ysM;/

Oef;xd 24_06_09 qdoifb{jcl;o.efvmwfjvkufj[Aef;zfgref;odkOfUyyfUwFrfj auMUvfg1 vlOf uMjcef 2b400 ysM;? orfU{jcl;o.efcOfuAyf;idkef; ,Mb{jylefUOef;xd 30_06_09oifbvmwfjOMj- cl;auMUvfgnrfbuAyf;idkef;yefq.rf;eifbOef;wwf;ruf;OBUqmifjpM;wmif;zdwf;,lyfj,.rf;aoydlif ([dkOf) xkufbylwf;n.ufbumef?xdkifwDjcl;o.efrmifauMUvBjqluf;idkef;efg;x.if;wlOfuOfbqBmbwFef;yefvkufj[Aef; qdlOf;yBbrD;idkef;/ cl;o.ef,dif;auMUedkifjqdkOfj emif;olpfban; nMb,k 48 yD? uAyf;idkef;olifbyef wluf;

vdkef; 1 Oef;ulpf; vBjxkufboifbudkwf;vdkOfjumefcl;o.efqlOfjcmOf;-eB,lb/

Odef;Odef;olpfbrM;rfgb nrfbrD;oif? rdlOfjvAOfukdifUumifUrmufjrD;vDyAef? v.ifjnrfb[Awf;odkOfjeBU cl;o.eftvjayMjtrjvkufjn.efb zfgzfgauMj=U? u.yfjref;emif;qrfqfg cOfjn.ufbvBjzljerf;qefUokiftvj zfgauMjnrfb[wf;wuf;oAif/

vkufj[Aef;qefU 9 auMUedkifjauMjvmwfjOMj- ref;emif;uBU teeMjwdlOfjuljv.ifjv.ifjao wAuf;uAyf;idkef;edlOfvkufj[Aef; zwfUzAifbvdlefvfgnrfb,.rf; 4 y.ufj? edkifjvdlefvfgvBjofgbyef[drf; 1 oFefysM;? qlOfjqMjeBU cFef;uAyf;idkef;cdlOf;,fg;vdlOfuOfb? qmifjyAef,.efUref;emif;awvBjvdkOfjumefylwf;qefU efg;[mifyD2009 eBUtvj eFwfj[MerfUw.ef; OBUerferf-OMjeB/ (qkrf;odkuf;rmefjqdoifbOBU {julj=if;[Aef; efg;rldif;rmefjywf;ydkefU ndkwf;umef[Aef;umefo.ef[mifyD 2009 ? n.efeMjymifvdlufjwifjyD 2010)/

aWMbOdef;Odef;olpfb yAefqmOf;cdlOf;rmefj? ,mrfjyAefcl;o.efwDj OAif;uRufUtr;aocBmUugMb,lberfUcrf; rdlOfjvdlefusKef@ 2006 /=if;[Aef;qefUokiferfUcrf;eBU rD;xdkifqefU10 ? vkufj[Aef;rD; 2b223 auMU? cl;o.efwif;rlwf; 60 auMU/ ¾

zlju.ef;=if;[Aef;erfUcrf; wAuf;uAyf;idkef;vkufj[Aef;

efg;vdlefusKef@ 2009 aWMbOdef;Odef;olpfb teeMjwdlOfjOMj aw[Awf;wlefjuxdefugMb+rf;wmef;OwfUeBao wAuf;uAyf;id kef;vkufj[Aef;xFifjauMUvfg 400 ysM;? wif;oAifjvBjidkef;r.ufj 980b000 ysM;? ulpf;uMj nOf[Awf;wlefjuxdefr.ufj 30b000 ysM; tvjvAifUo.rf;oifcqOfj 2 oFefysM;ulpf;? idkef;udkwf;vdlOfeefU nrfboyf;vFif;teoif? ref;emif;nOfofgbx.if;wlOfuOfbwif;rlwf;/

cl;o.efauMUekdifjvmwfjOMj- rldOfjaWMb

aWMbOdef;Odef;olpfb

8 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

ZBmbokefbvBjulef;wkuf;,.ef;odkuf;rmefjudkwf;,dkwf;v.ifjzOf=def;a,;_vdkyfja[MjOmefjulef;

Oef;xd 13_08_09 ZBmbwlifUedkifokefbvBjulef; rdlefeifb uOfUiOfjokefbvBjulef;qdkifjwB; SHRF ? qkrf;uyf;omefv.ifjemif;,dif;wB; SWAN ? odifbOFwfUv.rfUwB; SSEO ?odkOfb[Fif;ekrfb SYP ? auMyBm;,lbvDqdkifjwB;SHC tvj auMqB.jxFrftvjyluf;y.ifqdkifjwB;SRDC =rfjuefn.ufbacMjydkefzmOfb toUo.rf;odkuf;rmefjzOfOmefjulef;a[Mjvdkyfj wAuf;qfgUcBmUOmefj efg; 3 tqjOAif; qdkifjwB;y.wf;umif/

acMjydkefzmOfbwFrfjOMj- twbOef;xd27_07-01_08_09 (cmOf;wmif; 5 Oef;)qkrf;odkuf;rmefjzOf=def;ulef;Omefj 500 vif

Oef;xd 18_08_2009 OmB;Oef; rlbqkrf;[email protected]'@oD@qldOfhcldOf;wB;rldif;usyefb (SND

- Japan) tvj qmOf;cldOf;rldif;wB; rldif;usyefb(SSND - Japan) ndufbwif; qldOf;[email protected]'@oD@=rfjnAef[Fif;r.ufj 100 auMUc.efjwkrfuefugMbteumifqgf eMjvkrf;z.if;wmifqkrf;okduf;rmefj wDjOAif;wlOf@uAOf@? wkuf;,.ef;{jukdwf;,kdwf; v.ifj[Awf;[mBUqMUeldOfulef;rldif;egf; qkdifjwB;/ toho.rf;v.ifj okduf;rmefjylefhyFefokefbvBjulef; egf;qkdifjwB;/ e.ufjaoeefUnOfacMjyk defzmOfbtvjacMjwkuf;,.ef; ,kdefjw.wfjofgbwlj[yfhvdufjvkrf;z.if;wmifrmefj/

cmOfbwB;v.wfjvFOf; 20_8_2009

wB; rldif;usyefb teumifqgf eMjvkrf;z.if;wmifqkrf;okduf;rmefj OAif;vlifwlOf@uAOf@

l6bxyjvKoyjokhS@@

Photo : SHAN

Photo : SND


INDEPENDENCE

vlify.ifqdkifj qOfjnMbeMbqkrf;odkuf;rmefj uljodkyfbodkyfbuljymefymefeBU nrfbqfgjvlify.ifqdkifjnefulef;rldif;vdlufjwifjcdkefjrM;?1962 qkrf;odkuf;rmefjcOf ,dkwf;nMbeMbrldif;=rfjwkrftvj rldif;wB;/ wifjtwbeefUrM;nrfbyluf;y.ifv.ifjcdkefj,fgbyef ulef;rldif;oif?Omefjrdlif;wluf;wFrfbu.wf;zmef ,myfbzdkwfbudef;qfg? vBjxkufbylefhyFefokefbvBjulef;nrfbxmwfbnrfbOBm;? cMj[Frfulef;rldif; oifc tvjvkufj[Aef;qdlOf;teumifqfg wkuf;,.ef;[email protected]'@oD@? ZB;zOfOmefjvdkyfja[MjqfgUcBmU?ayMUxkyfU uefhqefvlvBmemif;,dif;? ylefUyFefokefbvBjulef;uljv.ifjv.ifj/

1U yD 1950 nOftcbzdlufbteeMjwdlOfjao wyfUodkuf;rmefjcOfjrM; yuf;oOf;efg;rldif;wB;q.wfbwlOfj ylefUyFefokefbvBjulef;/

2U yD 1962 q.rfodkuf;aebOdef;n.ef=Ofodkuf;rmefj,dkwf;nMbeMb? vkufj[Aef;qefUq.rfwMjukifj vkufU[dkefbomefcwf; vBjxkufb,dkOf;wBmyAefZkif/

3U yD 1974 cMj[Frfvkufj[Aef;wBm yAefZkif rdlOfjymifqMUnl;wmefU/

4U yD 1979 vdkyfja[Mjulef;rldif;oefvB.ymifyDh? ukif;yOf; tqjOAif;rdlif;yefb? vif=def;200 yBm/

5U yD 1985-86 vdkyfja[Mjulef;rdlif;OmefjyMboM? Omefjumwfb? wdkOfUaoMU tqjOAif;uAif;w.if; vif=def; 100 yBm/

6U yD 1988 wdrwfU cMj[Frfulef;rdlif;tvjvkufj[Aef;? oifc qdlOf;vkufU[dkefbteumifqfgomefcwf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefjtvj vBjxkufb,dkOf;wBmyAefZkif/

7U yD 1996-98 nOfqkrf;vkufUzdkefUteeMjao [Awf;wwf;oDbwwf;awMbulef;rdlif; vdkyfjcBmUOmefj nOfZB;zOf Omefjndlifbrdlif;wB;y.wf;umif vif=def; 77b950 emif;,dif;xkufbodkuf;rmefjuefUqef 248 auMU?

acMjydkefzmOfb ]qmOf;wB;efg;qdkifjxB;}Oef;xd 20_08_2009

vBjxkufbodkuf;rmefj cMjwBmyAefZkif 1b767auMU/

8U yD 1999-2002 emif;,dif;xkufbodkuf;rmefjuefUqef 371 auMU/

9U yD 2002-2005 vBjxkufb odkuf;rmefjcMjwBm 142 auMU/ emif;,dif; vBjxkufbodkuf;rmefjuefUqef 77 auMU? uefUqef,OfhnOfwBm (12)auMU/

10U vldefoFyf@xFrf@VldOf@ 2007 wdrwfU? cMj[Frfoifctvjulef;rldif; qdlOf;vkufU[dkefbteumifqfgomefcwf; qkrf;odkuf;rmefjtvj vBjwBmrmwfbyAefZkif/

11U vldefusL@vBm@-anM@uwfh 2009vdkyfja[MjcBmUOmefjndlifb efg;tqjOAif;au;oD;?rldif;udkif? vBm;cMj 40 Omefj/ zOfOmefj 8 Omefj=rfjvif=def; 500 vif/ cMj[FrfwBm 3 auMU?emif;,dif; vBjxkufbuefUqefvlvBm 1 auMU/

ndifedlOfodkuf;rmefj ylefUyFefokefbvBjulef; efg;rldif;wB;tvj efg;rldif;=rfjwkrfeefU

ulef;OmefjyBmjaz;cOfjrM;rdlif;qdkifjxB; =Ofulef;nrfb,.rf; 2 vmefUyBm/ rdlif;qdkifjxB;vBj[yfUykefjz.efjawMbulef;yBmjaz;euf;eMyM;ymefj/ayM;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj odkyfbylefUyFefokefbvBjulef;ugMb,lbqdkif ulef;yBmjaz;wuf;cOfjrM;efg;rdlif;qdkifjxB;xFifjwif;erf nrfb[mifU/

u.yfjeB [Of;ulef;qmOf;wB; efg;rldif;qdkifjxB; nefyAefedlOfUvdlwfjoBmvAOfuef wif;ulef;rldif;wB;eBU nrfbu.wfbuBbwlpf;vBmvBjtvj qifbvBjvkufUteumifqfgtvj qdqrfjtoho.rf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj yAefqkrf;auMbumef[BmUylefUyFefokefbvBjulef;edlOfulef;rldif;/

,.efUydlOfjeef [Of;cMjqifbvBjwkuf;,.ef;xdkifqdkifjnM@osFef@ (ASEAN) wif;qmwfjqdkifjvkrfjZMU UN {jcOfjrM;qB.jxwf;omifedlOfqkrf;odkuf;rmefj nefylefUyFefokefbvBjulef; ,lbefg;rdlif;qdkifjwB;tvj efg;rldif;=rfjwkrf? {jcOfudkwf;,dkwf; v.ifj[Awf;[BmUqMUawMbedlOfulef;rldif;eefU cMj,OfU/ ¾

xK'ylxyr]C'yr0C'yh-K;yj 9uh,5b'yrd:dyj ]:'yhl6bdyr,Koyhz;y;Koyhd5oyr,5b'yrooytd5oyro6,yjsdyT0K9yh 05b;yrcodK'y0y. -;yhs^,yhm:,yj0:,yr

10 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

Oef;xd 21_08_09 umifefgn.efOef;c.if@oD@nOfcdkef;qdkifjwB; (RCSS) [Awf;ymifoyf;vFif;qFifjcmOfbn.ufbacMjydkefymOfb wDjvFefvdef? qkrf;odkOfbwB; xB; Z'ifb ugMbcOfj=rfjwif;erf/ qOfjodkuf;vlif ,.wfjodkuf; qdqFifjukduf;yM;[mifjxBmbvuf;xmef uAOfbuyf;odkuf;rmefj zOf=def;ulef;Omefj? a[MjvdkyfjcBmUOmefj?wdrwfUayMUxkyfU_,dkOf;wBm efg;tqjOAif;vBm;cMj rldif;udkif au;oD;? OBm;aowyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB;wif;wyfrmefj,dkOf;uefrdlOfjumifvdlefusL@vBm@/

qOfj,.wfjodkuf; oyf;qFifjteOMj-wifjtwbvBm;vkufUzdkefUauMbwifjrD;rM;eBUymifwdkuf;rD;rM;uljokdyfbuljymef? yDeBUymifwdkuf;erfvdlOfuljyD? nefwyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB;vrfwyfh,dkOf;rmefjerfvdlOfuOfb odkuf;rmefjwBmerfvdlOfuljyD/ OBm;ymifwdkuf;,OfU odkuf;rmefj[Awf;wwf;4 wwf;awMbodkuf;wB; vlpfjvBm;nrfbayUarMj ayMUumufb [kuf;[BmUwAuf;wAif ulef;rldif;/ulef;rldif;nrfbrD;wmif;zdwf;oif nrfbrD;wmif;olj? odkuf;rmefjcMjwBmulef;rldif;[Of; yAefumefzAOfjrlpfUqmOf;cdlOf;/ oifqdlOfUOMj odkuf;awMbodkuf;wdkuf;ueftwU nrfbyAefoif? iOfjikef;

[Of;wifjOBUwDjvFefvdef odkuf;rmefj[ef,lb[Awf;oifnrfbrM;,dkOf;/

ref;qOfjodkyfbvmwfjxFifjOMj [Of;wkuf;,.ef;{jqmwfjqdkifjnM@osFef@ (ASEAN)

wif; qmwfjqdkifjvkrfjZMU (UN) wlpf;xdkifv.ifj=rfbvlrfjulef;rldif;wB;/ ayMbvoDbnM@osFef@ nrfb,kifjumefrdlif; efg;rldif;uefeefU{j[efxdkifOMj [Of;yAefulef;=rfjvlufjvAOfueftvj {jOlefUxdkifz.ifj/ ayM;cmOfbv.ifjeBUn.ufbodkOfb,OfU RCSS aw,dkefjvdufjyAefwmif;umefxdkifnM@osFef@? ,mrf;vAOf z.if;wdkufU[kyfjuAyf;acMjrkef;vuf;xmef (omufjaob) OMjeB/

OBm;eefU zljrD;ykefjz.ef; vlnmefbacMjydkefymOfb RCSS ZBmbnif;udwfh/ rD;=Of[kyfjOMj- odkuf;rmefjylefhyFefokefbvBjulef;urf;eBh(twbOef;xd 27_07- 05_08_09 cmOf;wmif;OlifjyBm) odkuf;rmefjzOf=def;ulef;Omefj372 vif? odkifbOBUcOfjomef 3 vif? a,;cOfj49 vif? qmufjxBeM; 1 vrf;? [mefUcBmclOf;6 [mefU? =if;oDcOfj 2 vif? clufUndwfberfUref; 1 vif? avMU 2 odlif;/ a[MjvdkyfjcBmh39 Omefj? ulef;Omefj,dif;qBm;vBj xkufbwd

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vBm;[Awf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj yAefvBm;auMbumef[BmUefg;rdlif;_zAOfjrlpfUqmOf;cdlOf;/ zlj[ufUqmwfjqkrf;,dyf;u.ifjumifbvkufUzdkefU rldif;wB;rdlif;,mif; rldif;csmif; rldif;'cFifb rldif;cmif tvjrldif;,mif;vFif qdlOf;eBU nrfbw.efUugMb[FrfnOfwBmulef;rldif;rmefj? odkuf;rmefjyAefvlify.ifqdkifjao nrfbeyfUxdkOfokefbvBjulef; nrfbrD;qfgulef; [kuf;[BmhyMbxdlefb[efykefjokefbwlOfulpf;/u.yfjeBwkuf;,.ef;{j qdkifjrldif;nM@osFef@tvj qmwfjqdkifjvkrfjZMU wlpf;xdkifqB.jvdlOfulef;rldif;? cFef;awMjOlefUxdkifydlOfjwMbokefbvBjulef;ao qB.jxFrftujvdwfjyef[M efg;rldif;rmefj? ,MbyB.b{jodkuf;rmefjcMjwBm ulef;rldif;,lb? uyf;uBmbv.ifjeBU ulef;rldif;wB; yBmjcOfjrdlif;xB;auMj awrD;erfrM;tvj wkuf;,.ef;{jwlpf;qB.jaourf;- acMjydkefymOfbc.wfb,.wfjugMbeifbeB/ ¾

Photo : SHAN

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INDEPENDENCE

umefrldif;

Oef;xd 17_08_09 ozM;_wkrfauMqdkifjwB; SSC - Shan State Congress qlOfjcmOf; (nefc.if@oD@nOfcdkef;qdkifjwB; RCSS

[Awf;qOfjwMbe qwf;[Fef;ymifukrfvlif wDjiOfjqdkifjvB.wB;vFif;ao auMbwifjrM;rdlOfj[mifyD 2008) +ifUymifukrfauMy.ifumef 7 auMUy.ufjurf; 3 wDjvFefvdefwB;-xB;wDjedkifj/rD;zljcOfj auMy.ifumef SSC cOfj=rfj 6 auMUqOfj[mefvmOfoFif wif; qOfjnkwfU au;oD;(RCSS) ? qOfjydkefcrf; qkrf;uyf;omefwB;(TCC)/ usylOf;vlifb (zlOf;wAif;osdefb) =rfjwkrf [email protected]'FwfUwdufU vM;=b (LDU)?ckefwlb'Aifb rkufhqkrf;ylwf;yB.bqdlOfhqmwfjynlOf;(PNLO) ? wMUnBmjpkefU rlbqkrf; qdlOfUqmwfjOMU (WNO) qdlOf;eBUcOfj=rfj/ ydlifvlifref;nkyfbukrfv.ifj,dlif;nmef; zFefumefcAefbwFrfjydlifc.wfbz.wfjwkrfauM wMbqmOf;cdlOf;efg;qdkifj

wB; uljqmOf;cdlOf;,lb=rfjuefugMbvBjuwf;,Aeftvj =rfj[Awf;omifjeMjumefugMbq.rf;uefvBjrdlOf;eMj/

eMjumefauMy.ifumef SSC nefwdkufU=rfjuef[Awf;omifj,lbeBU 1U cAefbwFrfjydlifc.wfbz.wfjwkrfauM 2U odkyfbcOfj[Molef;wkrfqkrf;qdlOf;yBbcOfjyM;rM; {jvBjcOfj=rfjq.rf;3U [mifj[Fef;ydlOfjwMbcyf;cdkif qwf;ymifukrfvlifxFifj/ nAef;nmef;wkrfauMqdkifjwB;eBU ydlOfjwMb{juljrlbuljqkrf;efg;qdkifjwB; vBj=yfUxlyf;nkyfbnlOf;vFufjvBmjuef {jqmifj=rfjuefn.ef=Of[Awf;omifjeMjumefwMimef;ugMb/ e.ufjaoeefU ,dlif;ql;ydlOfjwMbumefz.rfU=rfjuljqmOf;cdlOf; wmifwlOfqdkifjwB;ywf;ydkefU? yBb=rfjumefuefvBjuljv.ifjurf;vAOfauMj [Awf;zfgref;?odkyfbuyf;omefvlifUvFif;uef-qdlOf;eBU/

ayM;vdlefelOf@OFrf@VdlOf@ 2009 wkrf

auMy.ifumefwkrfauMqdkifjwB;qlOfjcmOf;+ifUymifukrfnkyfbv.ifjumefrdlif;wmif;eMj

auMqdkifjwB;awqwf;ymifukrfxFifjy.ufjurf; 4ao=rfjuefwFyf;wwf;ydlifc.wfbz.wfjwkrfauMnef=rfjuefcAefbwFrfj,OfU qFufbyefvAyfj[Aef;OBUeefU/ nmef;+ifUr.ufbyM;qkrf;efg;rldif;vBmvBmqkrf; (qkrf;wB;tvj qmOf;cdlOf;vBmvBmqkrf;) ulpf;yBbayM;? ymifukrfy.ufjurf; 1 qwf;rdlOfjvdlefusFef@edOf@'D@ tvj y.ufjurf; 2efg;vdlefar@ 2009 /

ozM;_wkrfauMqdkifjwB; (SSC) eBUyluf;wifjrM;rdlOfjymifukrfvlif 3 Oef; 21-23_12_08 vlpfjwmif;cwf;qfg c.if@oD@nOfcdkef;qdkifjwB; RCSS [Awf;qOfjwMbe qwf;[Fef;qfgUqdkOfjOMj ymifukrfc.if@oD@[ufUqdlOfUqmwfjqdkifjwB;y.ufjurf; 1 (The 1st Shan State

National Patriots’ Council Conference)

wDjiOfjqdkifjvB.wB;vFif;/ vBmrlbvBmqkrf; efg;qdkifjwB;ugMbcOfj=rfj/ ¾

yBm? a[Mjvdkyfj 39 Omefj? urfjerfyAefefg;tqjOAif;vBm;cMj/ ulef;Omefj 100 yBmvBjxkufbwdrwfUukrf;cifayMUxkyfUcMwlOfcMqfg/ ulef;OmefjxkufbcMjwBm wDjanbokwf; 3 auMU? 2 auMUyAefemif;,dif;/ e.ufjaoeefU emif;,dif;auMUedkifj xkufbodkuf;rmefj 4 auMU yefbykwfjuefuefUqefawMbeMjawMbwMqOfjzlOfefg;[Bj/

qBm;crf;[mefZMU =OfeMj SHRF vmwfjOMj- nefodkuf;rmefjzOf=def;ulef;OmefjeBU[Awf;q.rf;acMjqdoifbyMjedlOf/ vBj[yfhacMjoifb

{jnOferfUref;=wf;aozOf=def;/ rD;v.ifjuyf;omefw.ifjxmrfyMjedlOf vBmvBmurf;? ayM;qefUyMjwfgj'Bm;imef;OMj zOfugMbuMjeefU,OfUeBauMj qefUedlOfckdef;qdoifbvlif;OMjyBbayM;-zOfxFifjeBtvj odkyfbzOfxFifjwduf;wduf;-OMjeB/ emif;qmrfw.if; qkrf;uyf;omefv.ifjemif;,dif;wB; (SWAN) auMj vmwfjOMj-vBm;[Awf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefjurf;eBU nrfbrD;wmif;nluf;nBmuljqkdifjrdlif;aondwf;-OMjeB/

e.ufjaoeefU qldOf;wlifUedkifokefbvBj

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l6bxyj,krokhS_

12 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

umefokduf;

ndifedlOfiOf;vBm;qkrf;ulOf;umifh wif;odkuf;rmefjcAifjcFifumefodkuf; awMbuef[mOfj[Fif;?odkuf;rmefjn.ufbclefUo.ufjvBmwDjvBmi.efjtvjo.ifZBmbzMbpM;wdkuf;,dkOf;uef? OBm;eefU odkuf;ulOf;umifUugMbylwf;u.ifjodkuf;rmefj qdlOf;yuf;yfgU=if;imef;trju.ifj/

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ugMbwmif;vkrf;iOfjikef;odkuf;auMj ,dkOf;urf;vAOf/

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5 u.if-OMjeB/ yAefcmOfbumifvBmzmrf;vFefydlefj?[Fif;odkuf;urfjerf wdkufUrD;ZBmbzdlifusM;odlif;/

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zdlifusM;odlif;


INDEPENDENCE

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ZBmbedkifjwmif;edkifj vFifbcmOfbefg;ydkefUwDjvmwfj- ,.efUymifwdkuf;eMjvdefulOf;umifUao qkrf;odkuf;rmefjvrf;wdulef;[myfbacsM;tvjrdlOfjvAOfefg; OAif;vMjoAOfjauMj umifcrfjumifcdkef;q.rf;wmif;[Fifj=dwfbiFOfr.if? [mefUuMU[mefUcBmauMjr.ufj,mrf; 08;00 rlif; umifcrfjulpf;[yf;ydufU,AefoDb-eB,OfU/

tcb[Bm;imef;efg; CCTV Oef;xd 28_08_09 wkuf;,.ef;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj tujvdwfjyef[MvlpfjvBm;uwf;,Aef awMbqmOf;cdlOf;n.efbqkrf;ulOf;umifU/

Oef;xd 29_08_09 twbumifefgxdkifumifOef; ,dkOf;uefnrfb[mOfj[Fif;/ ulpf;uMjoAifu.ifjn.ufbyAefwDjyAefwDj cfgjiBm;qfgUvBm;odkuf;rkwf;,dkOf;uef rdlefeifbq.rf;[drf;+rf;csdif;okpfb=dOf?Olifjumifcsdif;okpfb=dOf cdkefjugMbvmOfbuBm;? Olifj

umifvmOfbuBm;tvj vFefvdefrldif;tcb [drf;+rf;,mifvlifqBmU-vfgqdlOf;eBU/ odkuf;rmefjwdkufUcwf;qfgcfgjavMb wdkuf;{j,dkwf;vBjwyfUvB.okifvlif nefrD;Olifjumifcsdif;okpfb =dOfwif;vmOfbuBm;? ulpf;uMjyBbvBjvM;vM;? nefwBmrmwfbauMjrD;erf-eB,OfU/

ZBmbedkifjwmif;edkifj odkuf;rmefjauMj[mifj[Fef;olifbod kuf;ugMbxFrfxFifjwduf;wduf;/rD;cmOfbOMj nefolifbugMbxFrf[Fif;odkuf;xFifjeefU yAefvBmvBmwyfUu.if efg;wyfUqkrf;vlif(wyfUr) 55 b 33 b 99 omrfwyfUqdlOf;eBU/OAif;qyf;wmif;uM;ugMbeMjvdefulOf;umifU rdlefeifb vMjoAOfj oFefOD ukefvlifqdlOf;eBU odkuf;rmefjwdacsM;uM;uljwDj? edkifjOAif;vfgeyfU=Ofodyf;? uM;ulef;rldif;nrfbayM;[wf;vFefj? urfjerfyAefuM;odkuf;rmefjtvjuM;qdlOf;rmefjwdacsM;ulpf;-OMjeB/

yDbwkqdwfUy.wf;+ifb rmifwDjrmifqkrf;qdlOf;yuf;ukrf;eMjvdefqrfwmif;uM; cdkefjql;eMjvdefulOf;umifU rldefeifboFefOD? rldif;vD?ukif;oMb? ulwfUcBmqdlOf;eBUauMj vBjxkufbodkuf;rmefj+ifUugMbq.rf;z.ifj/

xFifjZBmbedkifjwmif;edkifj y.wf;rldif;omwfbrldif;wlefauMj qkrf;odkuf;OMU wif;odkuf;rmefjrD;v.ifjwlifUedkifvmufbvBm;/ Oef;xd 28_08_09 odkuf;OMUvkufUwmif; =Ofymifb-=Of,.wfj?=pfjanMj? erfU=;ckefbqdlOf;eBU ugMbc.efjuefwDj=pfjanMjao nOfolifbugMbwmif;rldif;uRwfjr.ufj 200-300 / umifefg 29_08_09 uM;odkuf;rmefjvkufUrldif;omwfb vlif;ugMbrldif;wlefykifbyMbcFrf r.ufj 3 wyfUu.if? wyfh cv, 43rldif;yAif; nefvFufjvBmjcBmUykwfjwyfhuefeefhauMj cdkefjrdlOf;xdkifrldif;omwfbao nrfbodkyfbrdlOf;rldif;yAif;? cdkef;vlif;rM;q.rf;-eB,OfU/

Oef;xd 29_08_09 umifefg vlwfUumyfbvAuf;odkuf;rmefj vkufhwmif;wMjcDjvAuf;cdkefjugMbwmif;uAif;wkif 7-8 vrf;? ulef;Omefjvmrf;OMjvFyfjawugMbwmif;rldif;vM;-OMjeB/ ¾

14 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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rD;vdufjzdkefedkifj qFufbydkefefg;OAif;vlifrldif;u.ufb (ukifjxAyfj) ,dlif;ql;[Fif;umefulef;wB;qdlOf;zmwfbOmefj,mefrldif;{jylefUaz; arMZmifUildifUtOjulef;[BmUqkrf;wB; qdlOf;nFOfb[MuOf;udefwB;eifbuef/

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Photo : SHAN


INDEPENDENCE

Oef;xd 08_08_09 ckefrsdefUxkef;qmOf;ynlOf; auMU,mrfjyAefzljwFef;ulef;rldif;oxkifb (NLD) cBjtev.ifjwlOfxlyf; efg;ymifvkufU[dkefbteumifqfg omefcwf;qkrf;odkkuf;rmefj rdlOfj 8888 OMj- rdlOfjvkufj[Aef;cOfwlifUwdkefbvkufU[dkefbomefcwf; cdkefjrM;[if;ulpf;/ nrfbrD;iOfjikef;n.ef=Of? nrfbrD;,dlif;nmef;rdlefuef? nrfb=UtwUtwUOMj [Awf;wMbnDjoif? zfgn.ef=Of? wuf;vBjx.rfbugmrf;zfg qdlOf;eBU-OMjeB/

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qldOf;rD;wlOfxlyf;yFwfboDbwlOfr.ufbcBjv.ifjvBjumefUokrf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj

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qBm;[mefvAwf;- auMUwlOfxlyf; efg;ymifvkufU[dkefbteumifqfg 8 oDbwlOfauMj vmwfjOMj- z.if; 8888 eefU qkrf;wlifUedkifefg;OAif;wif;qkrf;,dyf;u.ifjwmif;e.ufj nrfbrD;v.ifjuyf;omefuef? qkrf;efg;OAif;auMj rifzfgrifref;? ,.ef;wmif;qB.jxFrfwmif;e.ufj (qkrf;

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qdlOf;cOfqdqrfjOMj- nefoifc n.ef=OfvkufU[dkefbomefcwf; vlpfjvBm;uwf;,AefrdlOfjoFyfUxFrf@VdlOf@ 2007 auMj awMjeifbeef/ u.yfjnrfbOmif;zFef_rD;iOfjikef;,dyf;ukrf;oifbumefaoyAefrM;tvj umefUokrf;xFifj/ yAefv.ifj,lyfj,.rf;v.efUv.efU/ rdlOf;eMjxMbyBmrM; oifOMjudlwfbrD;v.ifjvkufU[dkefbomefcwf;xFifjqdkif eifb[dkOf awyAefumefxdkifwDjeefU wuf;vBjrD;iOfjikef;,dyf;ukrf;n.ef=Of? rD;,dlif;nmef;? rD;v.ifjc.wfbz.wfjqdlOf;eBUvDimrf; qifbqmifjayUqkrf;odkuf;rmefj/

ymifvkufU[dkefbteumifqfg omefcwf;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj oFyfUxFrf@VdlOf@ 2007 eefUcdkefjoifUckdwf;umyfjvdlOfymef 8 oDbwlOf yAefumefodkOfb (Media)? zljodkOfbcmOfbefg;ulef;rldif;(Citizen Journalist) qdlOf;yuf;wMq.rf;aonOfcmOfbolifbe.ufjrdlif;/ rdlOfj 8888 twUn.ufbcmOfbulpf; nrfbrD;[mifjxBmb? zljodkOfbcmOfbtwUtwUnrfbrD;? ,lbwDjulef;=def;ao y.ifbcmOfbulpf;/ ¾

ckefrsdefUxkef; qBm;[mefvAwf; n.ifbvmwfU

Photo : SHAN

Photo : SHAN

Photo : SHAN

16 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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l6bxyjvKoyjokhS@+

18 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

d.K,yr9C9yhd.K,yr9C9yh

]K9yh,5boyS9C,yhzy.,oyr/ 9K'yrp5j]:9yh9wrSpeak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival

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0wKr-6boyrly. Z#QT_T#QQ+X

xxtyvK'yhvb'y1. The Shan of Burma

by Chao Tzang Yawnghwe

2. The White Umbrella

by Patricia Elliott

3. Burma in Revolt

by Bertil Lintner

20 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh

When the desires of men are curbed

There will be peace

And the world will settle down of its own accord

Tao Te Ching, Chapter 37

Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher

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Your words will be taken as an insult

If you don’t know how to go

You will take the wrong path

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xyfrHwkdufyGJjzpf?15/11/2000 rkefqmv/ rmavmf/ rmrGef;tkyfpku vDeDrif

wkd@vufxJuae rkdif;ukd;ukdjyefvnfodrf;ykduf?18/11/2000 rkefqmv tkyfpku 0 wyfeJ@ ukd;uef@wyfzGJ@

awG&J@ tultnDeJ@ rkdif;vkHukdodrf;ykduf? rkdif;ukd;ukdjyefwkdufzkd@óud;yrf;?20/11/2000 etzwyf cr& 290 eJ@ vDeDrifwkd@t=um;

erfhqk teD;rSmwkdufyGJjzpf?23/11/2000 odEDM (qJef@0D) puc 16 u wyftiftm; 10

&if;eD;yg;eJ@ MI-23 wkd@ rkdif;ukd;ukdykd@vGwf?24/11/2000 rkdif;vkH¶Sd vDeDriftkyfpk XmecsKyfukd cr& 242

u 0ifa&mufpD;eif;odrf;ykduf? vDeDrif bufu wyfzGJ@0if 100avmuf vufeufcs? pucr–; AkdvfcsKyfjrifhv_dif&J@ (wa,mufrS t¶SifrawG@csifbl;qkdwJh) trdef@a=umifh vDeDriftygt0if 89 a,muftpkvkduftòyHvkduf (wef;pDckdif;+yD;) ypfowfcH&/ aoewf 87 vufqkH;¶_H;?

2/12/2000 rkdif;ukd; ta&;tcif;twGif; vlaotavmif;102 a,mufawG@¶Sd?

tm%modrf; vDeDriftkyfpkukd okwfoif+yD; wmeJ@ Armppfwyfu rkefqmv tkyfpkukd twif;vufeufcsckdif;? rkefqmv/r&rf*rfwkd@ukd zrf;qD;oGm; (rkefqmvjrif;+cHaxmifxJ b0ed*kH;csKyf)?aemufykdif; MDA wyfzGJ@0ifa[mif;tcsKd@ukd vufeuf 50 ukdifcGifhay;+yD; Xmaejynfol@ppfvkyfckdif;?

tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; rkdif;ukd;a'ovJ etzwkduf¶kduf xdef;csKyfr_atmuf t+yD;tykdif a&mufcJhwm ,ae@wkdif?

aoG;pGef;wJh 'Djzpf&yfrSef&J@ oHa0* awG;qcsuft&- qif/ajracG;eJ@ a¹rykHjyif ukd owd&rdygw,f?

Shan State Journal (Jan 2001) ukd rSDjirf;ygw,f?0 jynfe,fom;/ wmhikd@um;

22 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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EdkifiHa&;

typf&yfo#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA ajrmufydkif; xdef;csKyfe,fajrESifhrsufESmcsif;qdkifwav#muf tajccsonfhwyf&if;rª;/ wyfcGJrª;rsm;tm; ta±S@ajrmufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wdkif;rª;AdkvfcsKyf atmifoef;xGËfu ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; qifhac:cJhonf[k o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; owif;&yfuGufuqdkonf?

xkd@tjyif typf&yf SSA ajrmufydkif;xdef;csKyfe,fajrESifhrsufESmcsif;qdkife,fjcm;wav#mufY ppftpdk;&tiftm; ydkrdkjznfhwif;ae&m,l&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ pcef;a[mif;rsm;vnf; jyefvnfrGrf;rHjyifqifwyfcs&rnf[kqkda=umif;/ rdkif;&,f/ wef@,ef;/ rdkif;±–;®r@e,frS p&zt&m±Sdrsm;vnf; typf&yfrsm;tay: rsufajcrjywfapmifh=unfh&rnfjzpfa=umif; - tpnf;ta0;Y rSm=um;onf[kqkd.?

tjcm;wzufwGifvnf; ppftpdk;&. e,fjcm;apmifhwyf toGifajymif;a&;tpDtpOfudk acgif;cgjiif;qefonfh w±kyfe,fpyf tajcpdkuf UWSA 0wyfzGJ@/ MNDAA udk;uef@wyfzGJ@/ NDAA rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@/ KIA ucsifvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf/ NDA-K 'Drdkua&pDopfwyfrawmf - ucsifwyfzGJ@rsm;. e,fjcm;wav#muf ppftpdk;&wyf tiftm;wdk;csJ@ jznfhwif;r_rsm;ESifh w®yifwnf; pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;enf;vnf; ydkrdkwdk;jr‡ifhvkyfaqmifvmaea=umif; typf&yftzGJ@rsm;ESifh t0iftxGuf±SdonfhukefonfwOD;uqdkonf?

typf&yf SSA ajrmufydkif;wyfzGJ@xdef;csKyfe,fajr ta±S@bufwv$m; (oHvGifjrpftaemufbufjcrf;)um;/ 0 a'o taemufbufjcrf; ESifh uyfvsufwnf±Sdaoma=umihf tiftm;awmifhwif;onfh 0 wyfzGJ@tm;xdk;ppfqif wdkufcdkufv#if typf&yf SSA ajrmufydkif;wyfzGJ@vnf; ppftpdk;&tbdk@ taESmifht,Sufjzpfae ojzifh SSA

e,fajrtwGif; xdk;azgufae&m,lEdkif&ef ta&;}uD;onf[k oHk;oyfolrsm;ajymqdkae=uonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh (8.8.09)

typf&yfrsm;tm;xdef;csKyf&ef &rcppfwk dif;±kH; ta&;ay:pnf;a0;

“=o*wfpf 2 &ufu vm;±_d;ppfwdkif;±kH;rSm tpnf;ta0;vkyfw,f? wyf&if;rª;/ wyfcGJrª;awG 80 avmufwufw,f? txl;ojzifh typf&yfajrmufydkif; SSA eJ@rsufESmcsif;qdkifa'orSm pcef;cs=uwJh wyfrª;awGqdkbJ? ®r@e,fp&zwyfzGJ@rª;awGvJygw,f?”- [kppfwdkif;±kH;t&m±Sdrsm;ESifh 0ifqef@onfhtrnfraz:vdkolwOD;uajymygonf?

tpnf;ta0;wGif - typf&yfrsm;tay:xm;±Sdonfh enf;AsL[mopfxyfrHcsrSwf&m/ AdkvfrGef;OD;aqmifaom (wef@,ef;®r@e,f)ref@yefXmae jynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@/ avm0frm;OD;aqmifonfh (rdkif;&,f®r@e,f) rdkif;[Xmaejynfol@ppf wyfzGJ@rsm;tm; etzwyfESifhtwltypf&yfe,fajrtwGif; xdk;azgufpcef;cscdkif;rnf[k ajymqkdrSm=um;cJh.?

“jynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@awGudk e,fajrcsJ@xGif xdk;azgufcdkif;r,fhae&mawGuawmh rdkif;&,fta±S@awmifbufw0dkufeJ@ wef@,ef;®r@e,f rdkif;aum0fta±S@zuf oHvGifjrpftaemufzufurf; wav#muf-typf&yf SSA - N wyfr[m (1) e,fajrxJtxdav” -jynfol@ppfacgif;ydkif;ESifh &if;ESD;onfhyk*~dKvfwOD;uqdkonf?

atmifoef;xGËf

zg;wkvkd‹c¶kckef Akdvfoef;a¶$vkyfykH uifrf vkdtrSwf&

4/8/09

owif;axmufr ESpfOD;v$wf16/8/09

*|ef,ufawm ukdvGwf


INDEPENDENCE

2010 a±G;aumufyGJrwdkifrD jynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@tjzpf toGifajymif;&eftypf&yf o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA ajrmufydkif;wyfzGJ@OuUX tm; vm;±_d;tajcpdkuf ta±S@ajrmufwdkif; (&rc) wdkif;rª;uvm;±_d;ppfwdkif;±kH;odk@xyfrHac:,lawG@qHk wdkufwGef;zdtm;ay;cJha=umif; ajrmufydkif;o#rf;jynfowif;&yfuGufu qdkonf?

“*sLvkdifv27 &ufae@uaygh/ vm;±_d;wdkif;rª;qifhac:vdk@OuUX}uD; p0fvG,farm0f ppfwdkif;±kH; a±$vD&dyfomtxd oGm;awG@&w,f/ jynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@ tjzpfajymif;zdk@ xyfajymw,fqdkbJ”- [kvm;±_d;ppfwdkif;±_H;t&m±Sdrsm;ESifh eD;pyfonfh todkif;t0dkif;uqdk onf?

jynfol@ppf toGifajymif;&efSSA-N acgif;aqmif oHk;}udrfajrmuf acgif;cg

aygufwJh tcsuftvufawGvJajymw,f”- [k tqdkygyk*d~Kvfuo#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymjyygonf?

(ppftpdk;&. EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_tjyif tjcm;tr_aygif;rsm;pGmpGyfpGJcH&+yD; cE WD;axmifYaxmif'%f 106 ESpfuscH&ol) SSA

acgif;aqmif AdkvfcsKyfaqxJefESifh e0wtpdk;&wkd@ 1989 pufwifbm24 &ufu - 1? ESpfOD;ESpfbuf typftcwf&yfpJxm; &ef2? a'ozGH@®z;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ESpfzufyl;aygif;vkyfaqmif&ef 3? EdkifiHa&;udpPrsm;udk aemifwufvmrnfh 'Drdkua&pD tpdk;&opfESifhom ajymqdkaqG;aEG;&efponfh oabmwlnDcsufrsm;jzifhtypf&yfcJh a=umif; -qdkygonf?

Ttcsuftvufrsm;udk typf&yfoSsrf;jynfwyfrawmfwyfrª;rsm;/ t&m±Sdrsm; cd kifcd kif+rJ+rJpG JudkifusifhokH;aoma=umifhjynfol@ppftoGiful;ajymif;a&;udk vufcHvmatmif pnf;±kH;Edkif&efrsm;pGmtcuftcJ±Sda=umif;vnf; 23§6§09 p&z t&m±SdcsKyfAdkvf&JjrifhxHay;pmY twdtvif;az: jycJhonf[kqdk.?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh (9.8.09)

xdkawG@qHkyGJY vm;±_d;ppfwkdif;rª;AdkvfcsKyfatmifoef;xGËfutypf&yf SSA ajrmufydkif;OuUXtm; jynfhol@ppfwyfzGJ@tjzpf toGifajymif;&ef tqifoifhjzpfrjzpfar;jref;cJha=umif;/ p0fvG,farm0fuvnf; o#rf;jynfwyfrawmftypf&yfwyfzGJ@ taejzifh *|ef 23 &ufae@u AdkvfcsKyf&JjrifhxHtajctaerSef tm;vHk;wifjycJh+yD;jzpfa=umif;/atmufajctqifhvli,ft&m±Sdrsm;/ wyfrª;rsm;u tpdk;&.apwemtay:em;vnf&ef tcsdef,l±Sif;jyae&a=umif;/ tv,ftvwf ppfa&;acgif;aqmiftrsm;pk vufrcHEdkifao;ojzifh bmr# rwwfEdkifa=umif;/ a±G;aumufyGJ+yD;I'Drdkua&pD tpdk;&opfay:aygufvmrSomtoGifajymif;a&;udpPjyefvnf aqG;aEG;apvdka=umif;/ pdwf±SnfoD;cH&ef arwWm&yfcHvdka=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf[kqdk.?

“p0fvG,farm0futJ'DvdkvSnfhywfjiif;awmh wdkif;rª;}uD;uqufraqG;aEG;awmhbl;/ tjcm;typf&yftzGJ@awmfawmf rsm;rsm;uvJvufcHbl; usaemfwdk@vJvufrcHEdkifao;bl;vdk@ t"dyüg,f

vSnfhuGufwpfcka':atmifqef;pk=unfudk tif;pdefw&m;¶Hk;u csrSwfvdkuf

wJh tvkyf=urf;eJ@axmif'%f (3) ESpf uaeqdkif;ihHjypf'%fay;vdkufwm[m (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;orD;rdk@vdk@) EdkifiHawmf t}uD;tuJ&J@n‡mwmr_t&vdk@ ppftpdk;&owif;pmawGuqdkygw,f? 'Dtcsufudkppftpdk;&eJ@+idrf;csrf;a&;,lxm;wJh UWSA 0jynfaoG;pnf;nD!$wfa&;wyfrawmf wyfr–;wpfOD;u tckvdk a0zefygw,f?

“AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;orD;qdkwm[dk;t&ifwkH;u olwdk@rajymbl;zl;As/ tckrS ajymvmw,fqdkawmhxl;jcm;csuf¶Sd r,fxifw,f? 'Dwdkif;jynfrSmAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; udkarhazsmufxm;vdkufw,fav/ AkdvfcsKyf&J@ordkif;a=umif;udk azsmufw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;orD;rqdkxm;eJ@/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ordkif;a=umif;udkawmifolwdk@y,fypfwm? tcktcgrSaumuf+yD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;orD;vdk@ajymvmwm usaemfwdk@uawmhr,Hkygbl;Asm/ 'guvSnhf uGufwckbJ?”

RFA 17/8/09 morning

p0fvG,farm0f

24 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

jynfaxmifpkjzpfay:zdk@AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u wdkif;&if;om;awGudk pnf;¶Hk;EdkifcJhovdk a':aqmifqef;pk=unfuvJ wdkif;&if;om;awG&J@ ,Hk=unfr_udk &wJholvdk@vltrsm;em;vnf=uygw,f?'ga=umifhbJ a':aqmifqef;pk=unf EdkifiHa&;xJyg0ifcGifhr&atmifuef@owfwm;qD;r_awGvkyfaewJhtay: wdkif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!$wfr_xdcdkufw,fvdk@ajymqdkr_awG¶Sdvmygw,f?

xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifr_awGjzpfvmEdkifw,fvdk@vnf;oHk;oyf xm;ygw,f?“ppftpdk;&taeeJ@ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&J@orD;udkawmifrS

&uf&ufpufpuf rn‡mrwm vkyf&ufw,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@wdkif;&if; om;awGtay:rSmvJbJ ydk+yD;zdtm;ay;r,f/ ydk+yD; &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfEdkifr,fvdk@ oHk;oyfygw,f? Oyrm wcktaeeJ@ cGefxGef;OD; tay:ypf'%fcscJhwmudkjyef=unhfyg? ESpf±Snfaxmif'%fcscJhwm jynfaxmifpkordkif;rSmwcgrSr¶SdcJhao;bl;? wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnf;awGtay: olwdk@óuufwJhyHkpHvkyfcdkif;vdk@r&bl;qdk&if &uf&ufpufpuf=urf;=urf;ñuwfñuwf vkyfvmEdkifw,fvdk@ oHk;oyfygw,f?”

jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;[m 'Drdkua&pDta&; eJ@ wdkif;&if;om;ta&;vdk@ynm¶SifawGrSwfcsufcs=uygw,f? ppftpdk;&uvnf; 'Drdkua&pDaz:aqmifzdk@ vrf;jyajryHktwdkif;taumiftxnfazmfaew,f?wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tzJG@ (17) zJG@eJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&; &xm;+yDvkd@xkwfaz:ajymqdkavh±Sdygw,f? 'gayr,fhuef@owf wm;qD;r_awG/typf&yf+idrf;tzJG@awGuvnf; 2008 zJG@pnf;yHkt& wyftoGifajymif;vJa&;udk vufrcH=uao;wma=umifh ppftpdk;&&J@vrf;jyajryHktay:a0zefajymqdkae=uwmjzpfygw,f?

VOA (16-8-2009 eHeufydkif;)OD;ausmfxif. qufoG,far;jref;csuf

a':pkudkawmifvkyf&uf/ wdkif;&if;om;awGtwGufydkqdk;

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0wyfzGJ@rsm;taeeJ@jynfe,f+idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@twl zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;twGuf tm;oGefaqmif¶Gufvsuf¶Sd&mrS =o*kwfv 4 &ufrae@u atmufajctqifhrsm;&J@ tpnf;ta0;wpfckukd UWSA

XmecsKyf yefqef;òrd@rSm ðyvkyfcJhygw,f? 'Dtpnf;ta0;eJ@ywfouf+yD; 0wyfr–;wOD;u ckvkdajymygw,f?

0 wyfrSL;? ? “+yD;cJhwmawmh +yD;oGm;yg+yD? u|efawmfwkd@u a'owGif;zGH@òzd;a&;vkyfief;awG/ u|efawmfwkd@ ukrü%DawGyg/ tckrkd;&moD pkdufysKd;a&;a&muf+yDqkdawmh a'owGif;rSm awmifapmif;avSum;xpfvkyfief;awG/ qefpyg;/ a&bmnmayghAsm/ u|efawmfwkd@a'owGif;zGH@òzd;a&;vkyfief;awGyJ vkyfwmyg? A[kdtaeeJ@ r[kwfygbl;?”

UWSA 0wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;taeeJ@ acgif;aqmifrsm;&J@vrf;!$efr_t& aqmif¶Gufaewmjzpf+yD; rdrde,fajrukd usL;ausmfvmr,fqkd&ifawmh ckcHumuG,fykdifcGifh ¶Sdw,fvkd@qkdygw,f?

0 wyfrSL;? ?“+idrf;csrf;a&;yJ vkdvm;w,f? ppfjzpfwmukdb,folrSrvkdvm;bl;? wu,fvkd@0ifvm&ifawmh ukd,fhukd,fukdumuG,fzkd@ ukd,fhrSm tcGifhta&; ¶Sd+yD;om;yg/ u|efawmfwkd@+idrf;csrf;

+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh zGH@ òzd;a&;udkom 0 wyfvdkvm;a&;ukd jrwfEkd;w,f/ b,folrSppfrwkdufcsifygbl;? wu,fvkd@olwkd@tJ'Dvkd 0ifvm&ifawmh u|efawmfwkd@e,fajrumuG,fzkd@ u|efawmfwkd@rSm wm0ef¶Sdw,f?”

+yD;cJhwJhvykdif;awGtwGif; ppftpkd;& t&m¶Sd}uD;rsm; yefqef;òrd@ukd t}udrf}udrf oGm;a&muf+yD; wyftoGifajymif;vJa&;udpPrsm;aqG;aEG;vsuf¶Sd&mrSm 'DudpPukd 0acgif;aqmifrsm;u aemifwufvmwJh tpkd;&vufxufrSmrSaqG;aEG;zkd@ ajymqkdcJh+yD;jzpfw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f// wifatmifckdif (RFA) 5§8§09


INDEPENDENCE

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wdkif;&if;om;jy\emrsm;udk ppfa&;enf;jzifhajz&Sif;Edkifrnfr[kwfouJhodk@,if;odk@ajz¶Sif;yguppfrSefaom+idrf;csrf;a&;udkvnf; &¶SdEdkifvdrfhrnfr[kwfa=umif;rGefjynfopfygwDOuUX}uD;EdkifaxmrGefu etz ppftpdk;&tm; owday;vkdufygw,f?

wdkif;&if;om;udpPudk ppfa&;eJ@ajz¶Sif;vdk@r&Edkif (EdkifaxmrGef)od &ygw,f?

0jynfaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;wyfrawmf UWSA u rGefjynfopfygwD. &yfwnfcsuftm;óuqdka=umif; UWSA wyfr–;wOD;u ajym=um;ygw,f?

etz urf;vSrf;csufu wdkif;&if;om;awGtwGuf bmrStusKd;&v'faumif;awG jzpfvmrSmr[kwfvdk@ rGefjynfopfygwDu'DvdkvufrcHa=umif; qHk;jzwfvdkufwmudk usaemfwdk@u axmufcHw,f? 'Dvdk&yfwnfcsufa=umifh usaemfwdk@a'orSm etz u wyftif tm;awGwdk;csJ.xm;+yD; qufzdtm;ay;aew,f?

usaemfwdk@wdkif;&if;om;awGbufuawmh +idrf;csrf;pGmeJ@ajz&Sif;csifw,f? 'gayr,fh etzbufu t&ifcsKd;azmufvm &ifawmh b,fvufeufudkiftzGJ@rSwwfEdkifrSmr[kwfbl;/ jyef+yD;wkef@jyef&rSmbJ? - [k ajymygw,f?

bk&m;oHk;qle,fpyfwae&mwGif usif;ycJhonfh 62 }udrfajrmufrGeftrsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;ae@tcrf;tem;odk@a'ocH etz/xd ki f;tm%myd ki frsm;ESi f h tqd kyga'o±S d b0wltypf&yftzGJ@tpnf;wdk@vnf; wufa&muftm;ay;cJh=uygw,f?

etz .e,fjcm;apmifhwyfajymif;&ef urf;vSrf;csufudkyxrqHk;vufcHcJhonfh wdk;wufaomAk'<bmom u&iftrsKd;om;wyfrawmf DKBA t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh eD;pyfolpD;yGm;a&;orm;wOD;u

“DKBA rSmu txufydkif;u oabmxm;awGtay:rSmrlwnfaew,f? omrefatmufajceJ@ tv,ftvwftqifhtzGJ@0ifawGu 'De,fjcm;apmifhwyfudpPrSm vufrcHEdkif=uayr,fh olwdk@twGufa±G;pm&mvrf;uodyfr±Sdbl;? 'DrGefjynfopf&J@ &yfwnfcsufeJ@ywfouf+yD; DKBA &J@txufydkif;utoHawGawmh r=um;rdbl;?omreftzGJ@0ifawGuawmh tm;us=uwmawmh usaemf=um;&w,f” - vdk@ajymygw,f?

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Photo : SHAN

26 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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Photo : SRDC

28 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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2009 tapmydkif;u ay 40»60 ajruGuf wuGufv#ifxdkif;bwfaiG 8 odef;±Sd&mrS ,ae@txd ajr,maps;uGuf w&dyf&dyfwufvmaeonf[kqkd.? ae&maumif; (vrf;rESifheD;) v#if bwf2 oef; txdvnf;aumif;/ a*smifus§ ajruGufrnD§a& 0yfaomae&mY bwf 1 oef;txd vnf;aumif;/ tkwfeDcJwa'gifhv#ifxdkif;bwfaiGjym; 70 rS 1³5 bwftxdjzpfa=umif;/ e,fjcm;apmifhppftpdk;&tm%mydkifrsm;u r,fqkdifbufjcrf;rS0,f,lwifoGif;cGifhrðya=umif; tqdkygyk*~dKvfu ajymygonf?

“azaz:0g&Dvup+yD; rJacgifjrpf taemufbufurf;wav#muf ppftpdk;&wyfawG aemfcrf;tzGJ@udk vdkufvH ±Sif;vif;wJh

ppfjzpfawmhrvdk jzpfaeawmh rdrdvHkòcHa&;twGuf wmcsDvdwfudkajymif;a±G@=uw,f? wcsKd@vJajymif;zdk@twGuf ajruGufvm0,fxm;w,f”- trnfraz:vdkonfh a'ocHwOD;uvnf;ajymjyygonf?

azaz:0g&Dvv,fydkif;wGif w±kwfavS wpD;ypfcwfcH&r_a=umifha±$}wd*Htajcpdkuf aemfcrf;wyfzGJ@ (cGefqm. MTA vufeufcstzGJ@/ tiftm; 100 0ef;usif±Sdppftpdk;&cGifhðyxm;onfh jynfol@ppftzGJ@) tm;acsr_ef;ypf&ef w¶kwftpdk;&zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh jrefrmppftpkd;&wyfu vdkufvH±Sif;vif;jcif;/ em;*pftzGJ@pnf;yHkt& vufeufudkiftypf&yftzGJ@rsm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; vufatmufcHwyf§e,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf 2010 a¶G;aumufyGJ rwdkifrDtoGifajymif;&ef zdtm;ay;r_tm; 0 wyfzGJ@u acgif;cgjiif;qef+yD; ppftpdk;&ESifh t®yif tiftm;wdk;csJ@vufeufwyfqifjcif;a=umifh aus;vuf±Gmom;rsm;vHkòcHpdwfcs&aom a'oodk@ajymif;a±G@ aexdkif&jcif;jzpfa=umif;qdkygonf? Ô

o#rf;oHawmfqifh

30 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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ppftpkd;&u ppfukdif;wkdif;eJ@ csif;jynfe,frSmaexkdif=uwJhuluD;wkdif;&if;om;uluD;rsKd;EG,fpkemrnfukd azsmufzsuf+yD; xm'kdcsif;vlrsKd;rsm;omjzpfa=umif; twif;tusyf vufrSwfxkd;ckdif;wm[m uluD;wkdif;&if;om;awGtay:vlrsKd;wkH; ppfqifa&;vkyfwmjzpfwJhtwGuf csufcsif;&yfqkdif;zkd@eJ@ wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;wef;wlqufqHa&;awmif;qkdwJhqENjyyGJwckukd jynfya&muf uluD;wkdif;&if;om;awG jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDa&;v_yf¶Sm;ol pkpkaygif;tiftm; 60ausmfu tEdN,EkdifiHe,l;a'vDòrd@rSm Zlvkdif 13 &uf ðyvkyfcJh=uygw,f?

uluD;trsKd;om; uGef*&ufOuUX OD;vufvef;u ppftpkd;&tEkdifusifhaewmawGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f?

“uluD;acgif;aqmifawGukd twif;tusyf ac:+yD;awmholwkd@[m uluD;vlrsKd; r[kwfbl;qkd+yD; vufrSwfxkd;ckdif;w,f?tifrwef ¶kdif;wJhudpPjzpfw,f? 'grsKd;urBmay:rSm b,fEkdifiHrSmrSr=um;zl;ygbl;? usaemfwkd@ vlrsKd;emrnfukd a¶G;cs,fykdifcGifh¶Sdw,f?uluD;qk dwm Armjynfr Sm r¶ S db l ;qk dwJ h pum;rs K d ;'Dae@ajymvmygw,f? 'DvkdykHpHrsKd;eJ@ wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;ukd b,fvkdrS azmfaqmifEkdifrSm r[kwfygbl;? 'Dppftpkd;&uvlrsK d ;p k Htay:rSma&m jynfolvlxkw&yfvk H ;tay:rSma&mt+rJAk dvfuspkd;rk d;zk d@ wvdrfuuspfOm%fawGokH;+yD;&wJhenf;eJ@tEkdif,lzkd@ vkyfwmjzpfw,f?”

uluD;wk dif;&if;om;trnf twif;tusyfazsmufck dif;Iuef@uGufqENjy

uluD;ausmif;om;rsm;'Drkdu&ufwpfwyfOD; OuUX ukdvlvGef;uvnf; ukd,fhvlrsKd; ukd,fhtrnfeJ@yJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaecsifwJhtwGuf awmif;qkd&wm jzpfa=umif;eJ@ acwftqufqufu uluD;wkdif;&if;om;awGtESdrfcHb0eJ@aecJh&wmukd ajymoGm;ygw,f?

“wkdif;&if;om;&J@ tcGifhta&;qkdwm ukd,fhvlrsKd;&J@trnfeJ@ukd,fhvlrsKd;&Je,fajrxJrSm usaemfwkd@ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aecsifw,f/usaemfwkd@ uluD; ta&;vkyf&if;eJ@ 'Drk dua&pDtwGufvnf;wkdufoGm;rSm jzpfw,f? tm%mykdifawG trsKd;rsKd;+cdrf;ajcmufw,f/usaemfwkd@cHcJh&wm 1967 cgawmfrD ppfqifa&;rSmvnf; uluD;qkd&ifolwdk@ armif;xkwfcJh=uw,f/ aemufykdif;jy\emqufvmw,f?wcsKd@u uluD;qkdwmrajym&J=ubl;? usaemfwkd@arG;&mygtcGifhta&;jzpfwJhtwGuf usaemfwkd@[muluD;jzpfw,f? t&ifuwnf;jzpfw,f? aemifvnf;jzpfr,f?”

uluD;wkdif;&if;om;awG[m ppfukdif;wkdif; uabmfcsKdifh0Srf;[krRvif;a'o cE WD;òrd@e,f av¶SD;òrd@e,feJ@csif;jynfe,f wGef;ZHòrd@e,fawGrSmtrsm;pkaexkdif=uwmjzpfygw,f? wrl;òrd@ay:rSm¶SdwJhuluD;wkdif;&if;om;awGukd uluD;wkdif;&if;om;r[kwfyJ xm'kdcsif;wkdif;&if;om;awGjzpfa=umif; Zlvkdif 15 &ufae@u twif;tusyfvufrSwfxkd; ckdif;cJh&muae 'Djy\emawGpwifcJhygw,f? Ô

ytkd0f;tzGJ@tpnf;aygif;pkHyg0ifwJh ytkd0f;nDvmcHusif;yEkdifa&;tpnf;ta0;w&yfukd xkdif;-jrefrm e,fpyfwae&mrSm usif;yaew,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?

usif;ya&;tzGJ@OuUXtjzpf wm0ef,lxm;wJh OD;cGefwifaqGOD;u- “vuf¶Sd xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyfrSm v_yf¶Sm;aewJh ytkd0f;vufeufukdiftzGJ@ ESpfzGJ@jzpfwJh Akdvfr–;}uD;cGefol&def OD;aqmifwJh ytkd0f;trsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@/ Akdvfr–;}uD;cGefOuUmOD;aqmifwJhytkd0f; jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@/ ytkd0fhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;awGtygt0if vli,ftzGJ@/ trsKd;orD;tzGJ@eJ@ vlr_tajcðy tzGJ@tpnf;awGyl;aygif;+yD; ytkd0f;trsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;/ wef;wltcGifhta&;&¶Sda&;awGukd aqmif¶GufoGm;zkd@ &nf¶G,fw,fvkd@odygw,f?

wdkif;&if;om; aoG;pnf;a&;udpP ytdk0f; nDvmcHusif;yrnf“awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawGxJ tcsif;csif; pkpnf;nD!Gwf

r_vkdtyfygw,f? ytkd0f;ytkd0f;csif;/ u&if u&iftcsif;csif;/ ucsifucsiftcsif;csif;/ o#rf;tcsif;csif;nD!Gwfzkd@vkdygw,f/ ppftm%m¶SifpepfukdðzwfcsEkdifzkd@twGufnD!Gwfzkd@vkdtyfygw,f? 'ga=umifhrkd@usaemfwkd@ytkd0f;trsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;ya&; aqmif¶Gufw,fqkdwm ytkd0f;trsKd;om; wckwnf;&J@vGwfajrmufa&;ukdaqmif¶Gufwmr[kwfygbl;/ jynfaxmifpk}uD;wck&J@ vGwfvyfa&;ukd&nfpl;+yD;aqmif¶Gufw,fqkdwm tav;teufajym=um;csifygw,f?”

jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;cGefjrifhxGef; ajymoGm;wm jzpfygw,f? ytkd0f;trsKd;om;nDvmcHukdvmrJh pufwifbmvxJrSm usif;yoGm;zkd@¶Sdygw,f? RFA (20.07.09)

Radio Free Asia


INDEPENDENCE

oHvGif a&umwm pDrHudef; qdk;usKd;rsm; aqG;aEG;wifjyjrefrmeJ@ xkdif;tpkd;& ESpfzufoabmwlnDcsuft& oHvGif

jrpfwav#muf a&umwmawG aqmuf+yD; &vmrJh v#yfppfpGrf;tifawG xkdif;EkdifiHa&mif;cszkd@ pDrHudef;[m a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;awGtay:qkd;usKd;awG ykd+yD; oufa&mufapwJhta=umif; aqG;aEG;yGJwckukdAefaumufòrd@rSm =o*kwfv 4 &ufae@[m usif;ycJhygw,f?

obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;tzGJ@jzpfwJh oHvGifapmifh=unfha&;tzGJ@eJ@ xkdif;vl@tcGifhta&; tzGJ@tpnf;awG OD;pD;usif;ycJhwm jzpfygw,f?

oHvGif a&umwm pDrHudef; qdk;usKd;rsm; aqG;aEG;wifjyxkdif;tm%mykdifawGukdtaxmuftxm; tcsuftvufawGeJ@ajymjycGifh&cJhygw,f”?

'DaqG;aEG;yGJrSm autif,l ukd,fpm;vS,fwOD; wufa&mufcJh+yD; oHvGifa&umwmaqmufvkyfrJh pDrHudef;a=umifh a'ocH u&ifvlrsKd;awGykd+yD;zdESdyfcHae&wJhta=umif; wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhygw,f?

xkdif;EkdifiH&J@vuf¶Sd tm%m&tpkd;&taeeJ@ 'Da&umwmwnfaqmufrJhudpPukd taumiftxnfazmfzkd@ tcsdef,l pOf;pm;aeqJjzpfw,fvkd@ tpnf;ta0;rSm t"duyg0ifaqG;aEG;olwOD;jzpfwJh 'Drkdu&ufygwD0if/ oHwreft&m¶Sda[mif; Mr. Surapong

Jayanama u ajymygw,f?xkdif;0ef}uD;csKyftaeeJ@a&umwm aqmufvkyfrJhudpPt

ay:vl@tcGifhta&;/ obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;twGufvkyfaqmifaewJh NGO tzGJ@tpnf;awGbufu wifjyvmwJh tcsuftvufawGukd vufcHpOf;pm;zkd@ pkHprf;ppfaq;a&; aumfrwDzGJ@wmukd twnfðyxm;+yD;yg+yDvkd@ oluajymygw,f?

RFA (04.08.09)

¶Srf;jynfeJ@ u&ifjynfxJ pD;qif;wJhoHvGifjrpfeJ@ Ta Sang

eJ@ Hutgyi a'oawGrSma&umwmESpfck aqmufvkyfzkd@¶Sd+yD; v#yfppfpGrf;tm;ukd xkdif;v#yfppfpGrf;tif xkwfvkyfa&;Xmeu 0,f,lzkd@pDpOfaew,fvkd@od&ygw,f? a&umwmaqmufrJh ae&m[m +yD;cJhwJhZGefvqef;ykdif;u ppftpkd;&eJ@ 'DaubDatwyfawG yl;aygif;xkd;ppfqifcJhwJh u&iftrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf KNLA wyfr[m (7) e,fajr tajccsxm;wJh udpPawGukd aqG;aEG;cJh=uygw,f?oHvGifapmifh=unfha&;tzGJ@ ukd,fpm;vS,ftaeeJ@ wufa&mufvmwJh ¶Srf;trsKd;orD;tzGJ@acgif;aqmifeef;csrfawmif;uawmh 'DpDrHudef;a=umifh vuf¶Sdjrefrmjynfbufjcrf;rSm bmawGjzpfaew,fqkdwmxkdif;vlxkukd wifjycGifh&cJhw,fvkd@ tckvkdajymygw,f?

“'DvkdrsK d;tpnf;ta0;[m tvGefta&;}uD;ygw,f?usrwkd@taeeJ@vl@tcGif hta&; csK d;azmufcHae&wJh udpPwifr[kwfygbl;/ wkdif;&if;om;a'oawG&J@ obm0t&if;tjrpfawGukdppftpkd;&u ukd,fusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf b,fvkdtokH;csaewm qkdwmwifjyaqG;aEG;cGif h&ygw,f? 'DpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfrJ hae&ma'oawGrSm jrefrmppfwyf&J@ vl@tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufr_/wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;awG odef;eJ@csD+yD; tkd;tdrfpGef@cGm xGufajy;cJh&wJhtajctaeawGukd tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufvmwJh oufqkdif&m

&cdkifjynf vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ALA . xdkpOfuppfOD;pD;csKyf cdkifrdk;vif;. tajccHrl ig;csuf -

(1) &cdkifwyfrawmfwnfaxmifa&;(2) tjcm;wdkif;&if;om; awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@rsm;ESifh vufwGJa&;(3) vufeufudkifvrf;pOfonfom atmifyGJtwGuftmrcH(4) &cdkifjynfolrsm; nD!Gwfa&;(5) &efol@xH 'l;axmuftnHhcHolopPmazmufrsm;tm;

cGifhrvGwfa&;

4§6§1977-200932 ajrmuf cdkifrdk;vif; uG,fvGefjcif; txdrf;trSwf

cdkifqef;xGef;atmif.zwf=um;csuf (e&if*s&m owif;pOf)

&cdkifhol&Jaumif;t±dk;wGefoH

32 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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zuf'&,frlonfpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_ysufjym;a&; aoG;xdk;v_H@aqmfr_[k jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGifazmfjycJhjcif;tay: yifvHknDvmcHwufa&mufcJh&olo#rf;jynf0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;OD;a±$tkH; ujyif;xefpGmuef@uGufvdkufonf?

*sLvd ki f 27 &ufae@u jrefrmhtvif;t,f'DwmxHvdyfrla&;om;xm;aom pmrsufESm 3 rsufESmyg jyefvnfajz¶Sif;a&;awmif;qdkpmrdwWLudk rZÆdruvufcH&&SdcJhonf?

“bmrSwk@Hjyefazmfjy/ ajymqdkwmr¶Sdao;ygbl;? a&;xm;wJh(aqmif;yg;) urSm;aew,f? [kwfrSr[kwfwm? tJ'gudkjyifapcsifwmyg” - [k OD;a¶$tkH;uajymonf?

jynfaxmifrsm;wef;wl&nfwlpkaygif;xm;jcif;jzpfa=umif;xif±Sm;ygonf? odk@aomf 1948 jynfaxmifpkawmfonf jrefrmjynfe,fryg0ifbJwnfaqmufcJhaoma=umifh jynfaxmifpktwkomv#ifjzpfonf”- [k ajz¶Sif;csufay;pmxJwGifa&;om;xm;onf?

xdk@tjyif “jynfaxmifpktwkrS jynfaxmifpktppftjzpfajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;&efawmif;qdkjcif;onfrdrdwdk@&oifh&xdkufaomtcGifh ta&;udk awmif;qdkjcif;jzpf&m/ w&m;r#wpGm pOf;pm;olwdkif;z,f'&,frludkvufcHEdkif=uvdrfhrnfxifygonf” [kqdkxm;onf?

jyefvnfajz¶Sif;ay;&ef jrefrmhtvif;tjyif/ a=u;rHkowif;pmwkdufESifh&efukeftajcpdkuf tywfpOfowif;*sme,frsm;odk@ vnf;rdwWLrsm; ay;ydk@cJhonf?

ay;pmxJwGif 1947 azaz:0g&DvtwGif;usif;ycJhonfhyifvHknDvmcHwGif wufa&mufcJh=uaom ¶Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; wdkif;&if;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wjynfaxmifpepf rvdkvm;ojzifh jynfaxmifpktjzpfom pkaygif;&ef/ EkdifiHa&;wef;wlnDr#r_±Sd&rnf/ udk,fydkifjyÏmef;cGifh±Sd&rnf/ cGJxGufydkifcGifh±Sd&rnf[ktusdwfte,faqG;aEG;cJh+yD;aemuf yifvHkpmcsKyfudkoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uonf[kyg¶Sdonf?

“jynfaxmifpk vlOD;a& 40µ r#&Sdaom vlrsKd;pkrsm;. jy\emudk ajyvnfap&ef rajz&Sif;Ekdifrcsif; jynfaxmifpk}uD;. jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfr[kwf” - [k OD;a±$tHk;urSwfcsufay;xm;onf?

OD;a±$tHk;a&;om;cJhonfh “r+ydKuGJEdkifaom jynfaxmifpk}uD;wnfaqmuf=uygpdk@”-pmtkyfonfpmrsufESmaygif; 311 rsufESm±Sd+yD;/ tcef;aygif; 17 cef;&Sdum jrefrmjynfwGifaexdkifaom vlrsKd;rsm;qif;oufvmyHk/ yk*HEdkifiHawmfay:aygufvmyHk/ ordkif;0ifyifvHkpmcsKyfESifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ay:aygufcJhaom zGJ@pnf;yHktajccH Oya'tay:pma&;ol. tjrifrsm;a&;om;xm;onf?

xdkpmtkyfonf 2008 twGif; EkdifiHa&;v_yf±Sm;olrsm; t=um;ysH@ES@HcJh+yD;/ w&m;0if yHkESdyfxkwfa0&ef pmaypdppfa&;udk wifjycJhaomfvnf;,ae@xdwdkifcGifhjyKcsufr&&SdcJhay?

86 ESpft&G,f OD;a&$tkef;onf 1993 wGif “wwd, jynfaxmifpkb,fodk@b,fyHk” trnf±Sdpmtkyfudka&;om;xkwfa0cJhzl;onf? xdkESpfwGifolonf ppftpdk;&.trsKd;om;nDvmcHodk@ 8 jynfe,f jynfaxmifpkrlpmwrf; wifjycJhojzifhtm%mydkifrsm;u axmif'%fwESpfcsrSwfcJhonf?

olonf 2010 a&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf®yif&ef jynfaxmifpkudk tajccHI 'Drdkua&pDpepfudktajccHrnfh “jynf axmifpk'Drdkua&pD r[mrdwftzGJ@” - trnfjzifh+yD;cJhonfh 2008 ESpfOD;ydkif;wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? Ô

(rZdÆr) e,l;a'vD

zuf'&,frl t"dy`g,fzGifhqdkcsuf OD;a¶$tHk; uef@uGuf

Zlvkdif26 &ufae@xkwfjrefrmhtvif;owif;pmY uavmiftrnfudkom,m. ‘owdtpOftod,SOfI’ acgif;pOfaqmif;yg;wGif pma&;oluz,f'&,frlonf pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_ysufjym;ap&efaoG;xdk;v_H@aqmfenf;wckjzpfonf[ka&;om;cJhonf?

“EdkifiHawmfudk tpdwfpdwftr$mr$mcGJzdk@&nf±G,f+yD;z,f'&,fudk toufoGif;zdk@óud;yrf;ae=uw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;awGt=um;rSmajr‡mufyifhay;ae=uw,f? z,f'&,feJ@pcJhvdk@uawmh0g;tpnf;ajyovdky&rf;ywm®yuGJ+yD;tm;vHk; usm;pmjzpfyGm;rSmr,Hkr±SdeJ@” -[kowif; pmwGifyg&Sdonf?

“a¶S@ujzpfcJhwJhEdkifiH}uD;awG ®yuGJwmjiif;r&wJh om"uyJ?'ga=umifhz,f'&,f[mjynfaxmifpk ®yuGJapr,fhrsKd;aphygaew,fqdkwmowdxm;&ygr,f” [kvnf; qdkxm;onf?

OD;a¶$tHk;upma&;ol udkom,m taejzifh z,f'&,frlESifhywfoufI rodem;rvnfjcif; rjzpfEdkifa=umif;ESifhol.tmabmf jzpfaomfvnf; aemufuG,fwGif wpHkw&m±Sdaea=umif; OD;a±$tHk;u oHk;oyfonf?

OD;a±$tHk;uzuf'&,frlESifhywfoufI ordkif;a=umif; aemufcHrsm;jzifh jyefvnfajz¶Sif;&mwGif “jynfaxmifpk[lonfh oabmrSm


INDEPENDENCE

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34 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

PDF udk etz aoG;wdk;prf;“udk;uef@a'orSmjzpfwJhyÉdyuQ[m etzzufuaoG;cJG

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36 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

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o#rf;oHawmfqifh (28/8/09)


INDEPENDENCE

umwGef; [efav;&J@ vuf&mpkpnf;r_ trSwf 2 xGuf+yD{&m0wDowif;Xme&J@ yifwkdif umwGef;q&m [efav;&J@

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2007 -2008 {&m0wDr*~Zif;rSm tywfpOf a&;qGJcJhwJhumwGef; 100 ausmfxJupdwfóudufumwGef; 50 a±G;xkwfxm;wmjzpfw,fvdk@ ukd[efav;u ajymyg w,f? ppftpdk;&vufxufjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;udk ay:vGifxif[yfapwJh ol@&J@ umwGef;vuf&mawGeJ@ywfoufvdk@udk[efav;u “umwGef;q&mawG uawmhppftpdk;&udkðzwfcsEdkifwJh tiftm;awmhr¶Sdbl;? 'gayr,fhb,facwfrSm b,fvdk tajctaeqdk+yD; a&;oGm;&wmaygh? tm%m±SifvufxufacwfrSm etz&J@ tajctae/ ol&J@pepfudkyHkazmfxm;wJhordkif;awmh usefcJhrSmaygh?”

tckxkwfwJh umwGef;awGxJu oltóudufqkH; umwGef;vuf&mwcsdK@udk udk[efav; ajymjyygw,f? “befuD;rGef;&,f/ *rfbm&D&,f Armjynf rD;avmifaewmudk a&cGufyHk;ao;ao;/ c&D;ua0;a0;/ rD;owfzdk@a&wGif;cyfaew,f? ukvor*~&@J pyg;ESHtcufawGqdwfau|;ypfvdkufw,f? olbmrSrodbl;/ *±kvJrpdkufEdkifbl;av?ukvor*~uvJbmrSrvkyfEd kifbl;? aemuf+yD;tef*sDtdk tv–±SifawGulnDwJh ypPnf;awG/ aiGawGtqifhqif h jzwfvdkufwmaemufqHk;us awmh'kuQonfawGyg;pyfxJa&mufoGm;wmu w puf/ESpfpufxJ tJ'DoHk;av;ckavmufawmhóudufw,f?”

umwGef; [efav;&J@ vuf&mpkpnf;r_ trSwf 2 xGuf+yDwJhyHkav;? avSav;eJ@[dkbufurf;udk ul;zdk@urf;uvnf;a0;w,f/avSxJrSmtdyfaewJh vlvJygao;w,f? tJh'DyHkav;vJ oabmusygw,f? ol@vuf&mvJaumif;ygw,f? uGefysLwmtoHk;ðyxm;wJhtwGuf awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f? ta&mifzGJ@pnf;yHkav;awGvJrqdk;ygbl;? uav;a&m/ vl}uD;a&m=unfhvdk@aumif;wJhyHkawG jzpfaewmaygh?”

tdENd,EdkifiHa&muf t¶SifynmaZmw uawmh 2007 pufwifbm a±$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ukd[efav;&Jh vuf&mxJuoabmuswJh umwGef;wckudk tckvdkajymjyygw,f?

“awmfawmfrsm;rsm; oabmusw,f? w&m;a[maewJhbk&m;±Sifudk av,mOfysHawGeJ@ a±S@rSmvnf;ppfom;awGeJ@ppfcsDwufvmwJh yHku pufwifbmwkef;u OD;Zif;wdk@odyfoabm uswJhyHkyJ? psmef0ifaewJhbk&m;¶Sifudk ppfwyf}uD;eJ@0dkif;vkyfw,fqdkwJh pdwf"mwfu atmufwef;usr_ tqifh wtm;udk edrfhoGm;w,fqdkwJhoabmrsKd;vdk@ OD;Zif;wdk@cHpm;rdw,f?”

udk[efav;&J@ umwGef;vuf&mawGeJ@ywfouf+yD; puFmylu jrefrmbavmh*g wOD;ajymjywmu- “*rfbm&Dvmwkef;u yHkav;awGobmusw,f? aejynfawmfqdkwJh wdkif}uD;em;rSmapmif;wD; aewJhyHkaygh? xl;rjcm;em;qdk+yD;yg;pyfu ±Gwfaewmav? tJ'DyHkav; oabmusrdw,f? usaemfwdk@twdkuf tcHawGtay: oa&mfxm;wJhyHkav;awGoabmusygw,f? usaemfwdk@u|Efkyfwdk@onf qdk

vlóudufrsm;wJh umwGef;uawmh rESpfuarvrSm wdkufcwfoGm;wJ h em*pfrkefwd kif;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@Ek di fiHwumuay;wJhtulnDawGudk tef*sDtdktzGJ@tpnf;awGuae wqifh+yD;wqifhaemufqkH; 'kuQonfawGqD ra&mufawmh bmr#rusefwmudkazmfusL;xm;wJh umwGef;jzpfygw,f? tckaemufqkH; a&;qGJxm;wJhjyefay;OD;awmh aus;Zl;¶Sifa&bdkifhbdkifvdk@emrnfay;xm;wJh umwGef;jzpfygw,f? tJ'DykHrSm rpPwm*sif0uf,ufaxmudk ykckH;xrf;jyefoGm;+yD;AdkvfcsKyfr–;}uD;oef;a±$ taemufuae flying kiss ay;aewJhykHjzpfygw,f?

aemfap;azm DVB

(20§08§2009)

38 Vol. 26, No. 258, 2009

L

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm vufwavmjzpfysufaewJhowif;awGudkxdkif;tajcpdkuf umwGef;q&m udk[efav;u EdkifiHa&;eJ@EG,f+yD; umwGef;awG qufwdkufa&;qJGaeygw,f? jynfy*sme,feJ@tifwmeufawGrSm ol@umwGef;awG qufwdkufygaewmudk y&dwfowfuvJawmfawmf oabmusae=uwmyg? udk[efav;&J@EdkifiHa&;oa&mfcsuf umwGef;awGudkEdkifiHwumowif;pm}uD;wcsKd@uxyfqifhazjyaewmudk awG@&ygw,f?

udk[efav;qJGwJhEdkifiHa&;¶kyfajymifawGrSm+yD;cJhwhJw&ufESpf&ufwHk;u qJGvdkufwJh umuGef;tay: awmfawmfav;vlajymrsm;aeygw,f? tar&dueforRwtdkbm;rm;vufoHk; pum;jzpfwJhajymif;vJ&r,fqdkwJhpum;vHk;udkoHk;+yD;qJGxm;wm awG@&ygw,f?tar&dueforRweJ@ jrefrmEdkifiHta&;b,fvdkqufpyf+yD;a&;qJGxm;wmvJcifAs?

“owif;pmtmabmfrSm Change Change jrefrmEdkifiHrSmtOD;qHk; Change rJh[mqdkvdk@awmh usaemfhrsufvHk;xJrSm Change

udkrjrifbJ Chain csdef;óud;udkbJjrifw,f? tdkbmrm;&J@pwdkif Change

Change qdkayrJhaemufuG,frSmawmh jynfolawGcsdef;óud;awGeJ@taESmifcHxm;&wmudko¶kyfaz:xm;wmyg?”

+yD;cJhwJhtywfuqJGxm;wJhum;wGef;u Oya'txufrSmb,fol¶Sdaew,fqdkwmqGJxm;wJh¶kyfajymifwckudkawG@&w,f?Oya'&J@txufrSm b,folrSr&Sdbl;qdkayrJh Akdvfoef;a¶$u¶Sdaew,fAs/ Adkvfoef;a¶$udkoa&mfcsifvdk@ Oya'pmtkyftxufrSm olwdk@¶SdaewJhoabmudk oa&mfxm;ygw,f?

w&m;¶Hk;rSmw&m;ol}uD; xdkifaewJhyHk/ +yD;awmhw&m;ol}uD;acgif;udkwleJ@xkxm;wJhyHk? tJ'Dt"dyüg,fubmvJcifAs/

“w&m;ol}uD;u a':pktay:tvkyf=urf;eJ@axmif'%f3ESpf trdef@csvdkuf+yD;+yD/ oluodvsufeJ@cswmvm; rodvdk@cswmvm;? AdkvfcsKyfr–;}uD;uoufn‡mpGmeJ@ (18) vqdk+yD;awmh jyefjyifw,fAs/ usaemfhtjrifu w&m;ol}uD;eJ@ w&m;¶Hk;txufrSmppf tm%mydkifawG±Sdaew,f qdkwmaz: jyvdkufwmyg/”

a':atmifqef;pk=unf&J@aetdrfxJckd;0ifwJh rpfpwm,ufawmudk ppftpdk;&ujyefv$wfay;vdkuf+yDcifAs/ 'DudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD;b,fvdkwifjyzdk@tpDtpOf¶Sdao;vJcifAs/

“ol@zmomol 'dkifAifpifbkwfay:wufvmw,f/ rqdkifwJhol awGtukefqJGcsoGm;w,f/ a':pkwdk@ a':0if;0if;wdk@a&xJckefcs&w,f/ atmufrSm tif;pdefaxmif}uD;vkyfxm;w,f/ rqdkifwJholawG qJGcsoGm;w,f? tckawmhol@udk u,frJhol rpfpwm*sifrf0ufAfu ,ufawmudkqJGxkwfoGm;w,f? quf+yD;a&epfaewma':pk/ a':0if;0if;wdk@ (3) a,mufbJ usefcJhw,f? tJ'D umwGef;udko¶kyfazmfr,fvdk@pdwful;xm;ygw,f?”

umwGef;q&m[efav;/ pkwfcsuftaoG;xufudk[efav;taeeJ@'DvdkyH kawGa&;qJGwJhtcgrSm jrefrm

jynfol awGtwGufb,fvdktaxmuftyHhay;Edkifr,f/b,fvdktusKd;¶Sdr,fqdkwmeJ@ywfoufvdk@aum udk[efav;&J@apwem b,fvdk¶SdvJcifAs/

“umwGef;qdkwmvJ jynfol@tmabmfbJav? jynfolawGb,fvdkcHpm;ae&w,fqdkwmvJ vltrsm;ud kodapcsifw,f/'Doabmyg? t"duawmh usaemfowif;awGem;axmif&w,f/0goemygwmvJygygw,f/ jrefrmjynf&J@owif;awG[m 10 yk'frSm9 yk'favmufu qdk;¶Gm;wJhowif;awGjzpfaew,f/ owif;XmeawGeJ@awmhrqdkifbl;ayghav/ aomu=um;xJu tòyH;av;jzpf&apawmhqdkwJh apwemeJ@yg/ tm;vHk;udk ajymif;jyefawG;=unfh/ olwdk@&J@tqdktrdef@awG vrf;pOfawG ajymif;jyefawG;=unhfvdkufawmhtJ'DumwGef; awGjzpfvmw,f?”

OD;wifatmifcdkifrSudk[efav;tm;qufoG,far;jref;csuf

(RFA 16/8/09 Morning)

pmrsufESm 36 rS

“AdkvfcsKyfr–;}uD; yg0guawmfawmf}uD;w,f? wurBmvHk;vJodw,f? ArmjynfrSmqdk&ifzdef@zdef@wHkatmifygbJ? 'gayrJhtJ'D yg0gudkbmjzpfvdk@cg;rSm csdwfxm;&wmvJ? acgif;xJESvHk;om;xJbmjzpfvdk@xJhrxm;&wmvJ - wu,fawG@jzpf&iftJ'Dvdk ar;rdrSmyg?”

1988 tm%modrf;jyD;aemufydkif; EdkifiHa&;umwGef;aygif;2000 eD;yg;a&;qGJcJhygw,f?

“usaemfwdk@EdkifiH&J@ ppftm%m¶Sif}uD;yHkudk usaemfqGJvmwmESpfaygif; 20 ¶Sdae+yDpdwfnpfvm+yD? 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawGrSmorRwykHqGJ&&if tvGefqHk; 4 ESpf trsm;qHk; 8 ESpfbJ? usaemfhb0rSm 'Dvl&J@yHk}uD; tESpf 20 vHk;qGJvm&wm usaemfwdk@bJnHhvdk@vm;?awmfvSefa&; omatmifjrifcJh&if orRwwa,muf+yD; wa,mufudkoav#mfaeoifh+yD?”

umwGef;q&m[efav;u umwGef;orm;csnf;bJ tpdk;&ðywfusatmifrpGrf;aqmifayr,fh acwfwacwf&J@ tkyfcsKyfolordkif;udka&;qJG&oljzpfw,fvdk@,Hkk=unfygw,f? tJ'ga=umiffh jrefrmEdkifiHtajymif;vJjzpf+yD;'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHaz:aqmifEdkifcJh&ifawmifrS umwGef;ynmeJ@bJ qufvuftouf¶Sifr,fvdk@ qHk;jzwfxm;ygw,f?

Ô Ô Ô


INDEPENDENCE

Photo : SHAN

[efav;ESifhpyfvsOf;IEkdifiHa&;umwGef;q&m[efav; (1965 zGm;) . trnf

&if;rSm pdkif;qdkifvsufjzpf.? o#rf;jynfawmifydkif; awmif}uD;c±kdiferfhckwf-aemifrGefZmwd/aemifrGefapmfbGm;rsKd;±kd;vnf;jzpf.? &efukefAcadamy of Fine Arts Yynmqnf;yl;cJhaom o#rf;vli,fjzpf.?pdkif;qkdifvsuf. uavmifemrnf - om*d/ tkduftGrf/ qmvDrJef;/[efavwf ponfrsm;teuf [efavwf ([mefvAwf; Haanled

zuf,m;yif) udk tokH;rsm;&mrS [efav;tjzpf Armr_ðyvkduf&onf?2003 ESpfOD;ydkif;(8/1/03) Y pdkif;qdkifvsuf([efav;)o#rf;oHawmfqifhowif;pOf±kH; odk@a&mufvmcJh+yD;aemuf rdrdynmudktokH;cscGifh&vmcJh.? ol.vuf&mxufjrufr_a=umifh {&m0wD/ rZdÆr/ acwf®yifponfhowif;Xme *sme,fpmapmifrsm;u tqufrjywf zdwfac:awmif;qdkvmojzifh xifausmfI pifay:a&mufjcif;jzpfonf?,cktcg pdkif;[efav; udk,fwkdifu tvGwfumwGef;q&m (Free-

lance cartoonist) tjzpfcH,lxm;onf[k qkdaomfvnf; {&m0wDrD'D,mukr`%D}uD;Y trsm;qkH;a&;qGJae&oljzpfonf?

(pmwnf;)

11/08/2009

ppftkyfpktif;pdefw&m;¶kH;u a':pktay: pD&ifcsufcs

Photo : SHAN June 2004

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95dyr]:dyr,oyr ]Goyh]wh;5'yhdK'y R d;ysoy,oyrxGoy,y.r/ ,y.rsoy,oyrxGoyd;y/ s6,yrz;ysb,y0b'yrS,oyr]dyr]b'yr

-um;uykdupm;Edkif igjrifwmrif;eJ‹wl/ rif;jrifwmigeJ‹wl/ b,fol‹vlrSr[kwf=-um;utjrwfxkwf/ vHñuyfynmu|rf; ol‹tpGrf;

S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand

!" $%& '( $%)& *+,-*,. ,& /01,- 2& /3.-5*06 (7778 e-mail: [email protected]

www.shanland.org, www.mongloi.org, www.khonkhurtai.com, www.mongloi.org/burmese

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';yh'6oyr d5;yrdK'yt ;G'yr ];yjdwKr / l6bdyrzuzwKrx5oytxCoy-;yhs6xyhsPyr]6xyh]'yl5oyrp5'yrpkTmCdyj/ z5ho,yr z5b'y vCdyjodyr'5b'ytoup:oytv5Pyr]u05b;yr95dyr]5'yr;wtv,yj0w:h

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Independence - No.258