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8/11/2019 Independence Movement of India
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INDIAS STRUGGLE FOR FRE
How India became free on
August 15, 1947
by
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by
MAP OF THE WORLD
Where on earth is India?
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WHY DO WE CARE
Free India, as the worlds largest democr
plays an important role in the world Free India provided opportunities for you/
parents/grandparents to come abroad
Otherwise, you would probably be living iunder British colonial rule, not here in the
You owe a lot to people who sacrificed th
in the past so you could live free today
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Legends Of Indian Freedom
Gandhiji
Subhash Chandra Bose
Jawaharlal Nehru
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HOMAGE TO PEOPLE BEH
INDIAS FREEDOM
Early Freedom Fighters, such as:
Mangal Pandey in 1857 Sepoy Mutiny
Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in 1858
Prominent Leaders, such as:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Jawarhalal Nehru
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Many ordinary Indians, who sacrificed thed ld li f d
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HOMAGE TO PEOPLE BEH
INDIAS FREEDOM
Early Freedom Fighters, such as:
Mangal Pandey in 1857 Sepoy MutinyLakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in 1858
Prominent Leaders, such as:
Mohandas Karamchand GandhiJawarhalal Nehru
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Many extraordinary Indians, who sacrifitheir lives and careers so we could live fr
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STRUGGLE UNDER TWO PERIOD
BRITISH RULE
British East India Company: 1757-1858 Battle of Plassey: 6/23/1757, Palashi, West Ben
miles north of Kolkata. British, under Robert Cliv
Siraj-Ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal. Vastly outnu
British bribed deposed army chief Mir Jafar who
the Nawab by not allowing his troops to fight
Isolated resistance to British rule: 1757-1857
Sepoy Mutiny, 1857: started by Mangal Pandey
Last big battle, 1858: Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhan
British Government: 1858-1947 Queen Victoria Empress of India 1876 1901
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STRUGGLE UNDER BRITISH RU
1858-1947
Inspiration for Freedom: Swami Vivekananda, Sri AurobinBankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindra Nath Tagore, Dada
Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala LajChitta Ranjan Das, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Raja Ram MRoy, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Bhagat Singh, Bagha JatinKhudiram Bose, Surya Sen, Benoy-Badal-Dinesh Format
Formation of Indian National Congress, 1885
Outrage at Viceroy Curzons order to partition Bengal, 190 Formation of Muslim League, 1906: Jinnah left INC & join
after disagreements with Gandhi; called for division of Ind
Emperor George Vs visit to India, 1911, announcing reveBengal partition and transferring the capital from Kolkata t
Delhi World War I, 1914-1918: India helped Englands war effor
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STRUGGLE UNDER BRITISH RU
1858-1947 (continued)
Rowlatt Act: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 4/13/1919, soldiethousands of unarmed men, women and children, killing a
wounding many Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: work in S. Africa, work in
1915-1948, Satyagraha (devotion to truth)(non-violent civdisobedience for freedom), 241-mile Salt March in 24 daysalt tax 1930, Quit India call in 1932, numerous prison terprotest fasts, assassinated on 1/30/1948.
Jawarhalal Nehru: president of INCs Lahore session 192resolution for complete independence from Britain
World War II: 1939-1945, Indias entry by Britain despite p
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: INC president 1937, 1939,Movement, house arrest, escape 1/7/1941, help from abro
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GANDHIJIS SALT MARC
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INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY
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Heroes of I ndia
Gandhijis life was dedicated to the ideals of
Truth, Non-violence and Love. 'The Bhagavad Gita is
my mother,' he once said;and the name of Sri Rama
was his shield. He was the architect of India's freedomand one of the greatest men of this century.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak(29th Couplet)
Described by British as "The Father of Indian Unrest "
Tilak was born on 23.07.1856. His slogan, "Swaraj (Self
Rule) is my birthright", inspired millions of Indians. His
book "Geetarahasya"a classic treatise on Geeta in
Marathi was written by him, in prison at Mandalay.Great
journalist- editor, an authority on Vedas, SanskritScholar, mathematician and a natural leader of India.
Died 01.08.1920 "Swaraj is our birthright,"
thundered Tilak, the Lion of India.He founded schools
and published newspapers, all for his motherland.
countrymen.
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Bhagat Singh : He is the symbol of the heroism of the
youth of India. A revolutionary He threw a bomb when
the Legislature was in session to warn the British
Government. He was put to death but lives in the hearts
of his countrymen.
Ramaprasad Bismil:A brave revolutionary who gave
up his life smilingly for the sake of the Motherland. He
was persecuted by an enraged foreign government,hunted by the police and betrayed by follow workers.
And yet he lit the fire of revolution to burn down the
slavery.He was the brave leader of the Kakori Rail
Dacoity episode. His poetry is also a lamp lighted at thealtar of the Mother land.
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of
Independent India and architect of India's foreign policy,
grew from a anglicized child into a dedicated nationalist
par excellence.
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Rabindranath Tagore was born into a
distinguished Bengali family in
Calcutta, West Bengal on 1861.In 1901
he founded the famous Shantiniketannear Calcutta. This was designed to
provide a traditional ashram and
Western education. He began with 5
pupils and 5 teachers (three of whomwere Christian). His ideals were
simplicity of living and the cultivation
of beauty.
Lala Lajpat Rai :A great national leader
who came to be called the 'Lion of
Punjab.' Worked tire- lessly to improve
education, to promote unity among
Hindus and to reform society.
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Madan Mohana Malaviya :The founder of Benares
Hindu University. His boyhood was spent in utter
poverty. By his scholarship, pure life and selflessness he
won such respect that he collected more than thirteenmillion rupees for the University. He was the tireless
exponent of the greatness of India and her culture.
Raja Rammohan Roy has come to be called the Maker of
Modern India. Without giving up what was good and
noble in the past, he laid the foundations for a great future.
He put an end to the horrible custom of burning the living
wife with the dead husband. He was a great scholar and an
independent thinker. He advocated the study of English,Science, Western Medicine and Technology. He spent his
money on a college to promote these studies.
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Dr.M.VISVESVARAYA :One of the makers of modern
India. 'MV' was a genius. Perfectly honest and devoted to
his work, he set new standards of efficiency. This is the
story of a poor boy that became the Grand Old Man ofIndia.
Dr.C.V. Raman: The genius who won the Nobel Prize for
Physics, with simple equipment barely worth RS. 300. Hewas the first Asian scientist to win the Nobel Prize. He was
a man of boundless curiosity and a lively sense of humor.
His spirit of inquiry and devotion to science laid the
foundations for scientific research in India. And he won
honor as a scientist and affection as a teacher and a man.
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Jhansi Lakshmi Bhai: The great heroine of the First war of
India Freedom. She lived for only twenty-two years. She
became a widow in her eighteenth year. Jhansi, of which she
was the queen, was in the grip of the cunning, cruel British.She was the embodiment of patriotism, self-respect and
heroism. She was the queen of a small state, but the empress
of a limitless empire of glory.
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) was the only child of
Kamla and Jawaharlal Nehru. Mrs.. Indira Gandhi was
the Prime Minister of India from1966-77 and 1980-
84. Mrs.. Gandhi acquired a formidable international
reputation as a "statesman", and there is no doubt thatshe was extraordinarily skilled in politics. She was
prone, like many other politicians, to thrive on
slogans, and one -- Garibi Hatao, "Remove Poverty" -
- became the rallying cry for one of her electioncampaigns.
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(EXTRA)ORDINARY FREED
FIGHTERS Freedom fighters suffered and sacrificed
Examples I know: My parents both suffered jail t One of many incidents:
Defying police ban, my father started to deliver a speemeeting in Midnapore on 3/4/1932, supporting Gandhnon-cooperation
Police beat him severely on the meeting ground and ja
My mother visited him in jail and wept to see the welt mhis back
She was found guilty for this visit and was jailed as we
I.I.T., Kharagpur stands at the location of the Hij
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INDEPENDENCE, 8/15/19 Mountbatten, Indias Governor-General, announ
partition, 6/3/1947 Independent Pakistan, 8/14/1947
Independent India, 8/15/1947
Jawarhalal Nehru, Prime Minister
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Deputy Prime Minister
(Mountbatten 1947-1948), Rajagopalachari, Governor
Violent clashes between Hindus, Muslims and S
Millions of refugeesR bli f I di 1/26/1950
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PARTITION OF INDIA
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TRANSFER OF POWER
8/15/1947
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REFUGEE TRAIN
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MOUNTBATTEN SALUTIN
INDIAN FLAG
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The Voice of Freedom
Jawaharlal Nehru, gave this following speech as India's first Prime
Minister to the Constituent Assembly in New Delhi at midnight on
August 14, 1947. Though this speech is full of ideals andembellishments to inspire a nation, about to make a newbeginning, it is historic and can be recognized as the first voice of
Independent India.
'Awake to freedom' "Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes
when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially.
At the stroke of midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.A moment comes which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the
new, then an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. Itis fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to India and herpeople and to the still larger cause of humanity.
At the dawn of history India started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filledwith her striving and the grandeur of her successes and her failures. Through good and illfortune alike she has never lost sight of that quest or forgotten the ideals which gave her
strength. We end today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again.
The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity, to the greater
triumphs and achievements that await us. Are we brave enough and wise enough to grasp
this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future?
Freedom and power bring responsibility. That responsibility rests upon this assembly, asovereign body representing the sovereign people of India. Before the birth of freedom wehave endured all the pains of labour and our hearts are heavy with the memory of this
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Independence Day Celebrations 15 August
An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's
assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another
state, more rarely after the end of a military occupation. Most countries honour their respective
independence day as a national holiday and some countries or nations' independence-date
honours are contested.
"Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we will redeem ourpledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour,
when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but
rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends and when the soul
of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.... We end today a period of ill fortune, and India
discovers herself again."
On 15 August 1947, India attained freedom from the British Rule. Every year, August 15 iscelebrated as the IndependenceDay in India. This national festival is celebrated with great
enthusiasm all over the country.
The Independence Day of any country is a moment of pride and glory. On this special occasion,
rich tributes are paid to the freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives and fought to free their
motherland from the clutches of the oppressors - British who ruled the country.
The British had initially come for trade but gradually took over the total administration of the
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