INCOSE Meeting 12062011 Website PDF - SSSE · This presentation covers a personal elaboration of topics addressed during a post-grad certificate in Space System Engineering completed

ARCHITECTURESARCHITECTURESTsunami Warning SystemTsunami Warning SystemTsunami Warning SystemTsunami Warning System

Manolo OmiciuoloManolo OmiciuoloSpace System EngineerSpace System Engineer

RUAG Space AGRUAG Space AG

This presentation covers a personal elaboration of topics addressed during apost-grad certificate in Space System Engineering completed at the StevensInstitute of Technology (New Jersey USA).

This presentation uses concepts addressed by Stevens lectures, by SE books(see bibliography at the end of the presentation), and notions detailed in the(see bibliography at the end of the presentation), and notions detailed in theNOAA website.

The personal elaboration is enriched by thoughts developed throughout my jobexperience.

Sunch presentation is intended to be a vehicle of information sharing totallyprofit-free in accordance to the spirit of the INCOSE Swiss Chapter.

Manolo Omiciuolo

INCOSE Swiss Chapter: ARCHITECTURES

ContentContent

IntroductionIntroduction

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

TSUNAMITSUNAMI NEEDNEEDCONTEXT CONTEXT DIAGRAMDIAGRAM

OPERATION OPERATION SCENARIOSCENARIO

System System ArchitecturesArchitectures

Functional Functional Physical Physical

3INCOSE Swiss Chapter: ARCHITECTURES


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

System System EngineerEngineer

ArchitecturesArchitecturesFunctional Functional

ArchitectureArchitecturePhysical Physical

ArchitectureArchitecture

DART BuoyDART BuoyFunctional Functional


DART BuoyDART BuoyPhysical Physical


Analysis & Analysis & ValidationValidation

EvaluationEvaluation



• sudden displacements in the sea floor;• landslides;• volcanic activity;

NEEDNEEDCONTEXT CONTEXT DIAGRAMDIAGRAM


TSUNAMITSUNAMI


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Figure 1: TSUNAMI versus WINDWAVES (Source: www.meteoweb.com)



CONTEXT CONTEXT DIAGRAMDIAGRAM


TSUNAMITSUNAMI

Can we PREVENT a Tsunami?

Can we MITIGATE the impact of a Tsunami?

NO

YES, IF

NEEDNEED


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

• community preparedness;• timely warnings;• effective response;

Detect Data CommunicateProcess Data





Local Source Distant Source

Earthquake Earthquake


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Earthquake

Waves of 9 m Height

To the coast in 20/30 min

Earthquake

Waves of high energy

To the coast in 3 h to 9 h





Pacific North West Area

Earthquake


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp





Earthquake t=0


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Warning t=1 hour





ArchitectureArchitectureSystem System

EngineerEngineer

• System Engineering can be seen as:• Process by which a set of objectives• are transformed into an operational system• that meets the stakeholders’ objectives


TWSTWS• that meets the stakeholders’ objectives• and implements the necessary businessprocess• over its useful life ;

• The SE Bible in a few words:• Requirements for the entire life cycle;• Functions, components and interfaces ;• Behavior and performances.

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp





ArchitectureArchitectureSystem System

EngineerEngineer

NEED

Identify Stakeholders –

Active&Passive

Identify Stakeholders

Requirements

CAPABILITIES & CHARACTERISTICS

Generate, Evaluate and

Select System Concept

Develop a System Context

Diagram

Operational ViewOperational ViewThe system must produce Checklists and


TWSTWS Identify and Develop System

Level

USE CASE SCENARIOS

Identify System Objectives

Operational ViewOperational View

1. System Requirements2. Feature Priorities3. External Interfaces

SRRSRRSystem System

Requirement Requirement ReviewReview

must produce a certain set of outputs given a certain set of inputs

Checklists and Hierarchies, Customer Surveys, Benchmarking, etc.

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp




Functional Functional ArchitectureArchitecture

Physical Physical ArchitectureArchitecture

ArchitecturesArchitectures

So far we have described what the system must do by focusing on itsinputs and outputs (rem. capabilities), and system objectives (rem.charachteristics).

� Write the System Requirement Document to support the design;� Follow the traceability of the requirements;� To support early verification (the as-designed system is designed in


TWSTWS� To support early verification (the as-designed system is designed inthe right way) and validation (the as-designed system is the rightsystem);� To support the generation of the needed documents to tackle thePDR (Preliminary Design Review);� To be able to follow any change in the design through flexible toolsand/or graphical ways to represent our system.

ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENTARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp







Operational ViewOperational View

Development of a Functional

Diagram

Functional ViewFunctional View

Development of a Physical

Block Diagram

Physical ViewPhysical View


TWSTWSDiagram

Identification of Internal

Interfaces

Clustering of System

Functions/Subsystems

Block Diagram

Identification of Physical

Interfaces

Selection of

Technologies/Subsystems

PDRPDR

Preliminary Design ReviewPreliminary Design Review

Functional ArchitectureFunctional Architecture Physical ArchitecturePhysical Architecture

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp







• FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE : it defines what thesystem must do (i.e., the system’s functions and thedata that flows between them).

• PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE: it represents the


TWSTWS• PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE: it represents thepartitioning of physical resources available toperform the system’s functions.

• ALLOCATED ARCHITECTURE : it is the mapping offunctions to resources in a manner that is suitable fordiscrete-event simulation of the system’s functions(such architecture goes beyond the scope of thislecture).

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp






From an external view of the system (what it is intended to do)to an internal view (how it will accomplish its intent)...

FUNCTION:• A function is a process that transforms inputs into outputs;• A function describes an action taken by the system or one of its elements;



TWSTWS elements;• A function is represented by a verb or verb-noun pair.

There are several standardized ways to represent a functionalarchitecture (a hierarchical description of a system’sfunctions ):

� FFBD Functional Flow Block Diagram ;� N-Squared Charts ;� IDEF Integrated Definition for Function Modelling ;

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp





ArchitecturesArchitecturesPhysical Physical


From an external view of the system (the system itself and itsuniverse) to an internal view (which resources will comprise thesystem to accomplish the functions)...

RESOURCE:• A resource could be a hardware ;• A resource could be a software ;• A resource could be represented by either people, facilities,


TWSTWS • A resource could be represented by either people, facilities, documents, procedures ; • Resources are also a combination of the above mentioned resources.

There are many graphical representations of a physicalarchitecture with little standardization (a hierarchicaldescription of a system’s resources ) however SysML is nowaccepted as a convention:

� Block Definition Diagram ;� Internal Block Diagram ;

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp



DART Buoy DART Buoy Physical Physical



EvaluationEvaluationDART BuoyDART BuoyFunctional Functional



TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Figure (Source: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml)








TSUNAMI TSUNAMI


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Figure (Source: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml)

TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WARNING WARNING SYSTEMSYSTEM








METAFUNCTION

PROVIDE SURFACE


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

PROVIDE SURFACE BUOY SERVICE








IDEF Integrated Definition for Function Modelling

IRIDIUM CommandsClock Data


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

PROVIDE SURFACE

BUOY SERVICE

Level 1

Buoy telemetry

Data to tsunameter

Acoustic Data

Environment Load

GPS Position

DART Buoy









Level 2

PROVIDE BUOYANCY

SECURE

IRIDIUM Commands

Clock DataLoads


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

SECURE BUOY

PROVIDE POWER

TRANSCEIVE DATA

Acoustic Data

GPS Position

Buoy telemetry

Data to tsunameter

Structure Subsystem

Mooring Subsystem

Power Subsystem

Data Comm Subsystem

Loads









Level 3

TRANSMIT RECEIVE RF

RECEIVE GPS

IRIDIUM Commands Clock Data

Buoy telemetry


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

RECEIVE GPS RF ENERGY

RELAY DATA

MODULATE / DEMODULATE

TRANSCEIVE ACOUSTIC

DATA

Acoustic Data

GPS Position

Data to tsunameter

IRIDIUM Transceiver

GPS Receiver

Computer Modem Acoustic Transceiver








FFBD Functional Flow Block Diagram


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

• Specifies what the system must do, but does not address itsinputs and outputs;• Can represent both parallel and sequential operations;








N-Squared ChartsWAVE IMPACTSTHERMAL LOADSCHEMICAL LOADS

WAVE LOADSEARTH LOADS

IRIDIUM COMMANDS

CLOCK DATAGPS POSITION

ACOUSTIC DATA PACKETS

Provide Buoyancy(Surface

Buoy)

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

LOADSTHERMAL LOADS

STRUCT. LOADS

Secure Buoy

(Mooring)Store

Chemical Energy

(Battery)

H2 GAS POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER

CHEMICAL ACTION

Collect H2(H2


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

• Capture systems’ input and outputs;• Say nothing about process flow sequence;

ACTION (H2 Getters )H2 GAS FLOW

Vent H2(Pressure

Relief Valve)

H2 FLOW

HEAT Transmit/ Receive RF Comms

(Iridium Transceiver)

DATA TO BE PROCESSED

BUOY TELEMETRY

HEAT Receive GPS RF Energy

(GPS Receiver)

GPS INPUT

HEAT PROCESSED DATA Relay Data (Computer

)

DATA TO TSUNAMETER

HEAT DATA FROM TSUNAMETER

Modulate/ DemodSignal

(Modem)

MOD. DATA

HEAT DEMOD. DATA

Transceive Acoustic

Signal(Acoustic

Transducer)

ACOUSTIC DATA PACKETS








Block Definition Diagram

DART Buoy

Structure Subsystem

Mooring Subsystem

Power Subsystem

Data Comm Subsystem


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Battery

H2 Getter

Pressure Relief Valve

IRIDIUM Transceiver

GPS Receiver

Computer

Modem

Acoustic Transducer

• Can be noted a mapping one-to-one of the first level hierarchybetween functional architectureand physical architecture.








Internal Block Diagram

Mooring Subsystem

Structure Subsystem

Data Comm Subsystem


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Power Subsystem

• Show the interface connections among the subsystems of aDART Buoy;• The empty little square is a port associated with thecomponent and the connector, designating the connection of thetwo;




ArchitectureArchitectureEvaluationEvaluation




USE CASE SCENARIOS

TSUNAMETER OCEAN ENVIRONMENT


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

DART DART BUOYBUOY

MAINTENANCE TEAM

IRIDIUM SATELLITE




ArchitectureArchitectureEvaluationEvaluation




USE CASE SCENARIOS

DART DART BUOYBUOYTSUNAMETER


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp Use case scenarios to be traced onto the functional architecture!

EARLY VALIDATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE: WE DESIGNED THE RIGHT ARCHITECTURE TO ADDRESS THE INITIAL NEED!










TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

Figure (Source: http://forum.woodenboat.com/showthread.php?31625-Tidal-Wave)

Figure (Source: http://fwww.tsunami.noaa.gov)

ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION METHODS









1122334455

ResponsivenesResponsivenesss

ScalabilityScalabilityFunctionalityFunctionality

Architecture AArchitecture A

Architecture BArchitecture B

OptimumOptimum

ExistentExistent


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION METHODS

0011

OpennessOpenness

ModularityModularity

AvailabilityAvailability

AffordabilityAffordability

SimplicitySimplicity



NEEDNEED

SYSTEMSYSTEM

CONTEXT CONTEXT DIAGRAMDIAGRAM

Tsunami DART Buoy


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp ArchitecturesArchitectures

USE CASE USE CASE SCENARIOSSCENARIOS

AnalysisAnalysis

ValidationValidation




MODEL MODEL TRACEABILITYTRACEABILITY

CONSISTENT CONSISTENT GRAPHIC AND GRAPHIC AND

DOCUMENTATIONDOCUMENTATION


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

MORE PRECISE MORE PRECISE COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

V&V V&V TRACEABILITYTRACEABILITY

THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION


THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION

Manolo Omiciuolomailto: [email protected]: [email protected]



� The rule of thumb is to partition each function (at any level) into 3 to 6subordinate functions ;

� Two basic approaches are used to develop functional architectures:� DECOMPOSITION (top-down);� COMPOSITION (bottom-up);� Using both is the best solution .

� First work on the Use Case Scenarios (all the possibilities the

TIPS & TIPS & TRICKSTRICKS


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

� First work on the Use Case Scenarios (all the possibilities theproduct/system can be used for) than think of the functional architecture;

� Iterate continuously between the System Requirement Document(functional requirements) and the functional architecture ;

� The Physical Architecture should be as far as possible a one-to-onemapped to the functional architecture ;

� A good architectural analysis helps defining properly the SubsystemsRequirements Documents .

� A very important part of the SE role is the evaluation of the architectures (i.e.,are there any shortfalls? Overlaps?)



MBSE SWMBSE SW

Vitech MBSE: ONION MODEL


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

J. A. Estefan, Survey of Model-Based System Engineering Methodologies, INCOSE MBSE Initiative.



TSUNAMITSUNAMIMore InfoMore Info

http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov

http://ptwc.weather.gov/

http://www.ess.washington.edu/tsunami/general/warning/warning.html


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/

http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/

DART Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis systemsBPR Bottom Pressure RecorderNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationPICO Platform Instrumentation for Continuous ObservationTWC Tsunami Warning CenterTWS Tsunami Warning System



BibliographyBibliography

• Dennis M. Buede, The Engineering Design of Systems 2nd edition, Wiley;


TWSTWS

SummarySummary

BackBack--UpUp

of Systems 2nd edition, Wiley;

• Larson, Kikpatrick, Sellers, Thomas and Verma, Applied Space Systems Engineering, McGrawHill;