INCORPORATING GENERIC ISSUES OF COAL BENEFICIATION

TECHNOLOGY IN COAL R&D POLICY

Coal Beneficiation Technology – 2007

Presentation by Dr (Mrs) Malti GoelAdviser & Scientist ‘G’Department of Science and Technology New Delhi, India. Email:mlg@nic.in

Workshop on Coal Beneficiation and Utilization of Rejects, Initiatives, Policies and Best Practices, at Indian Institute of Coal Management, Ranchi on 22-24 August 2007

Current Status

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In d ia W orld O E C ED U SA C hina S .K o rea Japan0

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P er cap ita e lect riccon sum ption in KW hrP er cap ita coa lcon sum ption in Kg

World average energy consumption per capita was 2429 kWhr in 2003,

Per

cap

ita G

DP

Country

PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COAL CONSUMPTION FOR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

PER CAPITA GDP

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India China World USA

energy consumption per capita in India 553 kWhr

Future Projections

2011-12 2016-17 2021-22 2026-27 2031-320

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N. GasOilCoalNuclearHydro

Projections of Electricity Generation Fuel Scenario in IndiaSource: Integrated Energy Policy of India

2003-04 2006-07 2011-12 2016-17 2021-22 2026-27 2031-320

500

1000

1500

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3500

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4500

ThermalRenewableNuclearHydro

Coal Use Growth Scenario and CO2 Emissions Projections

Coal Use Growth Scenario and CO2 Emissions Projections

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1 00 0

2 00 0

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20 0 3 -04 2 0 06 -0 7 20 11-1 2 2 01 6 -1 7 2 02 1 -22 2 0 26 -2 7 20 3 1 -320

20 0

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To ta l E ne rg yIn sta lle d C a pac ityC oa l

Source: Center for Global Change, India

Integrated Energy Policy

Energy security in 21st century will rely on environmentally friendly use of fossil fuels

Current Coal Production in India is about 450 MT/ annum

Framework Actions For Coal Use in Energy Sector

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) signed at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. Ratified by India in 1993Kyoto Protocol introduced in 1997 and came into effect on 16TH Feb 2005 US, DOE Initiative on Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum launched in 2003, India is member among 22 countriesAsia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate in 2005, US, Australia, China, Japan, India and South Korea as partners. World’s first zero emission coal fired plant on FUTUREGEN, India joined in 2006 represented on Government Steering CommitteeCoal R&D programmes of other Nations include; CANMET, COAL2, EAGLE, ZECA, CCPC, CCTI

Science & Technology for Coal Beneficiation Technology

• NCST Report in Energy Sector in 1973

• Thrust to R&D on Coal Beneficiation, Coal Gasification, Liquefaction and IGCC in 1986

• Pre Combustion Technology Assessment Study conducted by DST in 1996

• Gaseous emissions reduction using coal preparation,

• The Study led to Policy guidelines in 1997 for use of washed coal with < 34% ash in power plants at 1000km from pit head or in urban areas

• New guidelines for setting up coal Washeries by Ministry of Coal in 2005

• Clean Coal Technology Initiative (CCTI) – An Indepth Study by DST in 2006 to address issues in Coal-Energy Chain

Science & Technology for Clean Coal Technology – Workshops

• DST-CII Workshop on Pre-combustion Clean Coal Technology in 1996

• DST -BHEL Workshop jointly with Industry and concerned Government Ministries, participation of stakeholders to discuss the findings of the study on CCTI in an open forum on Oct. 26-27, 2006 and develop technology Roadmap.

• International Workshop organized on R&D Challenges in CCS Technology for Sustainable Energy Future organized by DST with NGRI on January 12-13, 2007 at Hyderabad attended by 19 eminent International experts.

• Inter-Sectoral Interaction Meets on CO2 sequestration Technology to give thrust to research in clean coal technology projects

• Indian CO2 Sequestration Applied Research (ICOSAR) network launched for wider dissemination of information

Science & Technology For Using Fossil Fuels for Clean Energy

FOSSIL FUELS

PRE-COMBUSTION

COMBUSTION

COAL CONVERSION

POST COMBUSTION

Coal Preparation Fine coal beneficiationOxy fuel combustionIn-situ coal gasificationCoal bed MethaneCoal Mine Methane

Pulverized FuelFluidized bed combustion Ultra supercritical boilerCFBC, PFBC, IGCC

Coal GasificationCoal-to-oilMolten carbonate fuel cell

Electrostatic precipitatorFlue gas desulphurizationDe-NOxCarbon capture and storage

Problems in adoption of CCT

• Coal availability for desired application• Increasing cost of Power generation• Poor quality of coal• Technology to suit local production

lines• Coal regulations• Technology for coal mining

Generic Issues - Technical

Understanding coal performanceFundamental generic research on coal combustionRapidly advancing Clean Coal Technology to achieve goals of zero emission technology. In India efforts towards clean coal technology development began almost two decades ago, has not kept pace with the developments Lack of Research environment in Indian Industry

Generic Issues- Financial

Low Pricing of Washed CoalAdditional Cost involved in adoption of Clean Coal TechnologyKey questions are Who Invest and Why Invest in clean coal technology development, Inadequate R&D infrastructure in academic Institutions and National LaboratoriesCost effectiveness in the long run

Generic Issues- Policy

Research on Impact Assessment of Coal Quality for Clean Power GenerationIntegrated Energy Policy 2006 suggests creation of R&D fund for EnergyAppropriate marketing strategy needed for utilization of clean coalRate & Responsibility of Coal Producer and Coal user industryGeneric Evaluation of Industrial Research

Coal Beneficiation Technology Status

-Clean Coal Technology –Indian Scene

Technologies where capabilities exist in India –Fully developed and Commercialized

Technologies where research has already begun – need technology Transfer

Advanced Technologies -research has begun need collaborative research

Technology Where Capabilities Exist

• Preparation of Low Rank Coal• Coal Washing of Rejects• Briqutte production• Pulverized Fuel Combustion• Electrostatic precipitator• Fluidized bed combustion• Fisher-Tropsch synthesis for

coal-to-oil• Super critical steam boiler• Circulating fluidized bed coal

combustion

Technology Where research has Begun- are in Commercial/ Demonstration Elsewhere• Ultra supercritical steam boiler• Pressurized pulverized coal

combustion• Integrated gasification coal

combustion (IGCC)• Pressurized fluidized bed coal

combustion • Integrated gasification fuel cell• Coal Water mixture• Selective catalytic conversion

(De-NOx) • Lignite liquefaction

Technologies of Future - are in Research Phase World wide

• In-situ coal gasification• Coal bed Methane• Coal Mine Methane• CO2 recovery• Carbon separation and

sequestration• Oxy fuel combustion• CO2 Conversion and

Utilization• Hyper-RING

A CBM Field

Flagship Technology - In-situ Coal Gasification

A Consortium of several organizations

viz.BHEL, SCCL, CMRI and ISM proposed

IGCC demonstration unit at Truchy

Controlled Retractable Injection Procedure (CRIP) in the inseam injection well of UCG

Flagship Technology - Oxy-Fuel Combustion

• Oxygen is separated from combustion air and used for burning coal

• CO2 concentration in flue gas can be as high as 90%

• Better technology feasibility for CO2 capture exists

• NOx emissions also reduced• Improved economic efficiency expected

Flagship Technology - Carbon Capture Research

• Pre-Combustion– Coal gas separation

• Post Combustion or Industrial– Solvent– Cryogenic– Absorption– Adsorption

Third generation

of clean coal

technologies

Carbon Storage Research Projects

Geological sequestration pilot study in Basalt formations of Western IndiaCollaborative research on screening criteria development for geological sequestration in Saline Aquifers Feasibility Studies on CO2 injection proposed for EOR from Hazira gas. Scoping studies carried out CO2 Capture by Photosynthesis is most efficient process of CO2 Capture at Low Concentrations to enhance sequestration of CO2 In Terrestrial eco system proposed

Addressing Generic Issues

Bottlenecks – Integrated approach to coal quality, quantity and its utilization in power generation in an environmentally friendly mannerTechnology Assessment and Feasibility StudiesLessons Learnt – Coal Gasification vs Coal CombustionIntroducing Supplier Chain for improving coal qualityTechnologies for improving coal efficiencyBest Practices or Bench MarkingNew coal based energy generation technologies that produce higher concentration of CO2 in flue gas would also facilitate carbon capture and storage Baseline Methodologies for CDMNew breakthroughs on the horizon

Bottlenecks in coal

Beneficiation

Technology Assessment

Studies

Lessons learnt

Beat PracticesVs

Benchmarking

Introduction of new coal

based technology

New Breakthroughs

Baseline Methodologies

For CDM

S&T and Industry

Suggestions for Addressing the Issues

For Selected Technology

Thank You Very Much!

For Further information: Email: mlg@nic.in

The views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of the organization