Upload
rabab-maher-
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 Incognizance: Discordance between Theory and Practise
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/incognizance-discordance-between-theory-and-practise 1/6
Bn`dhnbzcn`l
Kbs`drkcn`l gltwlln
[eldry cnk Qrc`tbsl
Cmdnhst Musfbms cnk Crcg Nctbdns
Wcgcg Mcelr
Lvln bj c plrsdn rlcks cnk tlc`els c
eunkrlk teduscnk gddis dn bntlffl`tucf
cnk indwflkhlcgfl bssuls gut kdls ndt
c`t dn cny dj bt, teln bt wbff ndt glnljbt ebm
ct cff . . .
~ Bmçm Cf-Heczăfb ( Cffçe RbrĬcmu)
Bsfçm bs plrjl`t. Musfbms crl, `ctlhdrb`cffy , ndt.
Gdrn c Musfbm (dr bntd c Musfbm jcmbfy) dr ‖glbnh” c Musfbm
kdls ndt bmpfy dnl bs lqubpplk td splci, tlc`e dr wrbtl cgdut
Bsfçm.
7/23/2019 Incognizance: Discordance between Theory and Practise
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/incognizance-discordance-between-theory-and-practise 2/6
Cff Musfbms nllk td gl subtcgfy lku`ctlk td `dmprlelnk tel
glcuty dj Bsfçm, cnk tedsl dj us wed ̀ eddsl td secrl wectlvlr
indwflkhl wl hcbn, ‐ prbvctlfy dr pugfb`cffy ‐ nllk td kd sd
lvln mdrl.
Fbttfl kljlrln`l jdr Bsfçm
Lxcmbnbnh tel cpprdc`e tdwcrks tlc`ebnh Bsfcmb` cnk Sur‒çnb`
Ptukbls bn lku`ctbdncf systlms, tel rlspl`t dwlk td Bsfçm bs
qulstbdncgfl, weltelr bt bs terduhe tlc`ebnh mltedks dr tel
tlc`elr.
Jd`ussbnh dn unbvlrsbtbls, dgslrvbnh tel typl dj stuklnts
plrmbttlk td lnrdf jdr c klhrll bn tel jblfk, crl stuklnts wedsl
hrckls crl cvlrchl dr flss (ndt tect B pfc`l bmpdrtcn`l dn tel
lku`ctbdncf hrckbnh systlm cnyedw).
Xeln `dmpcrlk td ‖ebhe-hrckbnh” klhrll jblfks, bt puts bntd
plrspl`tbvl edw Musfbms vblw Bsfcmb`/Sur‒çnb` Ptukbls? bt bs
ndt jdr tel ‖ebhe-hrcklrs”, gut jdr tel cvlrchl wed `dufk ndt
lnrdf lfslwelrl. Pdml lvln `dnsbklr bt c vb`l td stuky Bsfcmb`
Ptukbls unflss dnl must dr vblws bt cs cn lcsblr dptbdn td dgtcbn
c klhrll.
Bs bt c wdnklr teln tect mcny hrckuctls crl ndt jdrwcrk
tebnilrs jdr tel glttlrmlnt dj tel \mmce dr ndt jbt td
prdpchctl Bsfçm! Mcny kd ndt lvln unklrstcnk tel tlxt dr
`dntlxt dj [el Edfy Sur‒çn, cfteduhe tely tebni tely kd, jdr
telbr hrcsp dj tel Crcgb` fcnhuchl flcvls fbttfl td klsbrl.
7/23/2019 Incognizance: Discordance between Theory and Practise
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/incognizance-discordance-between-theory-and-practise 3/6
Flt cfdnl Crcgs rlsbkbnh bn Crcg `duntrbls, prl`bslfy Musfbms,
wed cttc`i dtelrs weln tely kd ndt splci jfulnt Crcgb`,
bmpdsbnh telbr fbnhubstb` wcys dn telm, weln telbr rlcsdns jdr
splcibnh tel fcnhuchl ecs ndtebnh td kd wbte Bsfçm gut tel
brrlflvcnt ‖ltenb`” dnl.
Xl `cnndt lxpl`t dtelrwbsl weln tel lmpecsbs bn tlc`ebnh
Bsfçm bs fdwlrbnh tel stcnkcrks.
Bff prlpcrlk
Gl bt unbvlrsbtbls, s`eddfs, prbvctl `br`fls, `lntrls, sd`bcf
hctelrbnhs, lt`., telrl crl slvlrcf unklrfybnh `dmmdncftbls
mcny prlc`elrs cnk prdpchctdrs secrl.
[d ncml c jlw? [el fc`i dj indwflkhl dr bmprdplr mltedk ct
tc`ifbnh `ecfflnhbnh qulstbdns cnk tdpb`s. Xdrks cnk c`tbdns
crl bnecrmdnbdus ‐ ndt jd`ussbnh dn, dr cppfybnh, tel
sbhnbjb`cn`l (cnk `dnslquln`ls) dj mcbntcbnbnh c `dnhruln`y
gltwlln wect bs scbk cnk kdnl. Plfl`tbvl tlc`ebnh gy tlc`ebnh
wect tely kllm subtcgfl, bn c``drkcn`l wbte telbr fbjlstyfls,
cnk ndtebnh `dntrckb`tbnh bt. [ely rcrlfy tlc`e rctbdncf,
`rbtb`cf, `dhnbtbvl cnk `rlctbvl tebnibnh, tel vcful dj fbstlnbnh
cnk tel vcful dj tbml.
Ckkbnh td tel cgdvl, dnl mcodr `dn`lrn, sllibnh tel trute
kdls ndt sllm td gl c prbdrbty gl`cusl teln bt mcy `dntrckb`t
plrsdncf glfbljs.
7/23/2019 Incognizance: Discordance between Theory and Practise
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/incognizance-discordance-between-theory-and-practise 4/6
Mdrldvlr, telrl bs c kljb`bln`y bn eumbfbty cnk eumgflnlss jdr
mcny wbff ndt ckmbt tely mcy ndt ecvl tel cnswlrs. Pdml
`dnstrul bt cs c sbhn dj wlcinlss, weln tel rlvlrsl bs trul.
Cn dgslrvcgfl lxcmpfl bffustrctbnh cff tel cgdvl bs tel tlkbdus
cnk bn`lsscnt crhumlnt tect smdibnh bs jdrgbkkln weln telrl
bs ndt c sbnhfl Ĭckllte mlntbdnbnh bt gy ncml, gut ndt c wdrk
cgdut elcftey lctbnh cnk fbvbnh klspbtl tel numlrdus cĬckllte
ebhefbhetbnh wect, edw cnk tel cmdunt wl crl td ̀ dnsuml (ndt
td mlntbdn Sur‒çnb` sbhns).
[el Qrdpeltb` Mlkb`bnl gy Bmçm Bgnuf Scyybm Cf-Ocwzbyyce
( Cffçe RbrĬcmu) bs dnl bnvcfucgfl sdur`l bffumbnctbnh oust tect cnk
mdrl.
Cff dnl ecs td kd bs fddi ct tel s`edfcrs td unklrstcnk wey tebs
bs tel `csl? tely prlc`e cgdut wect tely kd ndt kd ( smdibnh)
cnk rlmcbn qublt cgdut wect tely kd (unelcftey lctbnh ecgbts)
`dntrcry td tel cĬckllte.
Ndt td mlntbdn fbstlnbnh td tel cvlrchl Musfbm wed prcttfls
dn cgdut tel kcnhlrs dj smdibnh gut kbsmbss tel kcnhlrs dj
unelcftey lctbnh (ecgbts), wect bt kdls td dur lnlrhy flvlfs
cnk gdky ct c gc`tlrbcf, `lffufcr cnk hlnltb`cf flvlf, dur
bntlrncf systlms bn`fukbnh rlprdku`tbdn, cnk tel kbrl`t cnk
bnkbrl`t ljjl`t bt ecs dn dur drhcns cnk grcbn. Xey4 Gl`cusl
wl crl hubfty dj tel fcttlr, hdrhbnh durslfvls td c sfdw klcte,
wbte dnl dr mdrl dj tel (prlvlntcgfl) ‖kbs-lcsls” td prdvl bt.
Ncrrctlk gy Bgn Cggăs , [el Qrdpelt scbk,
7/23/2019 Incognizance: Discordance between Theory and Practise
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/incognizance-discordance-between-theory-and-practise 5/6
[elrl crl twd gflssbnhs mcny pldpfl
wcstl? elcfte cnk jrll tbml.
@dnvlrsbnh wbte cnk fbstlnbnh td hrckuctls dj Bsfcmb`/Sur‒çnb`
Ptukbls cnk wbtnlssbnh (cvdbkcgfl) lrrdrs dr bnoustb`ls, mcils
dnl sbhe ct tel ibnk dj mbnks cnk elcrts dut telrl sprlckbnh
cnk fl`turbnh cgdut Bsfçm, pcssbnh oukhlmlnts cnk rufbnhs (bn
`durts), cnk sd jdrte.
[ely ecvl prdvln c klhrll kdls ndt mlcn dnl bs lfbhbgfl td kd
c ̀ dmpltlnt odg. Bt kdls mlcn, edwlvlr, cn c``duntcgbfbty jdr
tel indwflkhl hcbnlk wbtebn tedsl stukybnh ylcrs sedufk tel
dut`dml gl jutbfl.
Bsfçm bs ndt cn dgtcbncgfl klhrll vbc `dursls td pcss bn web`e
cn lku`ctbdncf systlm kb`tctls cs c rlqubrlmlnt td hrckuctl
(trul jdr cff klhrlls wdrfkwbkl).
Rlt bt `cn gl dj glnljbt td tedsl wed kd wcnt td stuky bt jdr
tel rbhet rlcsdns? c`qubrbnh, cppfybnh cnk kbsslmbnctbnh
indwflkhl flcrnt JDW tel Pcil cnk Fdvl dj Cffçeق ز م
ل
و إح
ل
ذ
.
Bqrc‒ cnk lkbjb`ctbdn
[el jbrst wdrk rlvlcflk td dur Glfdvlk Qrdpelt Muecmmck
wcs Bqrc‒, c pdtlnt wdrk wbte c prdjdunk mlcnbnh? td rlck,
7/23/2019 Incognizance: Discordance between Theory and Practise
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/incognizance-discordance-between-theory-and-practise 6/6
pursul cnk slli indwflkhl (rlfbhbdus cnk ndnrlfbhbdus), tebni,
pdnklr, `dntlmpfctl, lku`ctl, flcrn, cnk sd mu`e mdrl.
Bsfçm bs c vcst rlfbhbdn cnk c wcy dj fbjl, cnk indwflkhl bs
bnjbnbtl. Jdr Musfbms td prdhrlss spbrbtucffy, rlfbhbdusfy,
bntlffl`tucffy, mlntcffy, psy`edfdhb`cffy, lmdtbdncffy cnk
peysb`cffy, tel wdrk bqrc‒ cnk bts `dnndtctbdns bs td gl kllpfy
lmgrc`lk, lntrln`elk cnk lxlr`bslk.
Xl tebni tel numglr dj gddis dn dur selfvls, fl`turls wl
fbstln td, slmbncrs wl cttlnk, klhrlls, gc`ihrdunks dr
hldhrcpeb`cf fd`ctbdns, kb`tctls dur ̀ dmpltln`y td ‖tlc`e”.
Bt kdls ndt.
Bt bs tel kbfbhln`l cnk wbffbnhnlss td tebni cnk plrpltucffy flcrn
jdr tel sellr pflcsurl dj lnrb`ebnh dur fbvls wbte indwflkhl
cnk cwcrlnlss jdr dur bntlffl`tucf cnk spbrbtucf hrdwte.
Bt bs prc`tbsbnh wect wl indw bn teldry cnk tlc`ebnh terduhe
lxcmpfl.
Indwflkhl wbtedut c`tbdn bs crrdhcn`l.
~ Bmçm Cse-Peçj‒b ( Cffçe RbrĬcmu)
Punkcy, 33te Mcy 713;