INCOFISH progress report

ESTONIA

Henn Ojaveer

Workpackage 2, Workshop I Tallinn, 2-4 March 2006

ARCHIVAL RESEARCH

Current research

• Customs books of Port of Pärnu

• Late 18th century

• Detailed information on vessels

• Main task: exports-imports

• Tax paid

Research planned

• Customs books of Tallinn and Narva• Magistrates of port towns (e.g., Pärnu,

Narva)• Reports and communications of large trade

centres• Fonds of gouverneurs of Estonia and

Livland• 17-18 (19th) century

PAPERS

Lajus, J., Tammiksaar, E. and Ojaveer, H. Fisheries on the north-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in the first half of the 19th century: what can we learn from the archives of Karl Ernst von Baer

Kraikovski, A. V., Lajus, J. A., Dmitrieva, Z. V., Karimov, A., Leontiev, P., Merzliakova, I. and Sukhorukova, A. Marine and river fisheries in the eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) area during the 15-19th centuries

Bager, M. and Karnøe, M. The Danish Baltic Sea fisheries during 1890-1930’s

MacKenzie, B. R. et al. Baltic cod story during the 1550-1880’s

Eero, M. and MacKenzie, B. R. Analysis of the accuracy of catch statistics for reflecting relative fluctuations in the eastern Baltic cod stock in the first half of the 20th century

Special volume of Fisheries Research

Ojaveer, H., Awebro, K. and Karlsdottir, H. Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries prior to the official catch statistics period

Gaumiga, R., Karlsons, G., Uzars, D. and Ojaveer, H. Fisheries of the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) in the late 17th century

Enghoff, I. B. and MacKenzie, B. R. Archaeological evidence of the effects of warm temperatures on the fish fauna in the North Sea-Baltic Sea region

Kinze, C. C. Marine mammals in the North and Baltic seas

 

• Poulsen, B., MacKenzie, B. R., Holm, P. Stock Fluctuations of North Sea herring, c. 1600-1850

Special volume of Fisheries Research cont-d

• Poulsen, R. T., Cooper, A. B. and Holm, P. The importance of historical baselines to fisheries management - An abundance estimate of ling (Molva molva) in the northeastern North Sea, 1872

• Barnard, M. Shared spaces, complex interactions: the impact of extractive activity on fish populations in the Noth Sea UKCS since 1945

Lajus, D. L., Lajus, J. A., Dmitrieva, Z. V., Kraikovski, A. V. and Alexandrov, D. A. Historical data as a source of information on population dynamics of Atlantic salmon in the White and Barents seas: methodology and case studies

Alekseeva, Y. L. Lajus, D. L., Lajus, J. A., Dmitrieva, Z. V. and Kraikovski, A. V. Herring fisheries in the White Sea in the 17th - beginning of the 20th centuries: factors effecting the catch fluctuations.

Special volume of Fisheries Research cont-d

SOME EXAMPLES

FINLAND

POLAND

ESTONIA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

SWEDEN

DENMARK

BalticProper

GERMANY

NorthSea

NORWAY

Bothnian Bay

Gulf ofFinland

Gulf of Riga

Norwegian Sea

RUSSIA

Bornholm Basin

Skagerrak

Kattegat

    

 

Baltic Sea

Bothnian SeaI

IIIII

Herring Clupea harengus membras landings (tons)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

18

68

18

72

18

77

18

81

18

85

18

89

18

93

18

97

19

01

19

05

19

09

19

13

Norrbotten VästernorrlandGävleborg StockholmÖstergötland GotlandKalmar Kristianstad

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000

1868

1872

1877

1881

1885

1889

1893

1897

1901

1905

1909

1913

Blekinge

Ojaveer et al. in prep.

I

Herring effort

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1875

1881

1883

1885

1887

1889

1891

1893

1895

1897

1899

1901

1903

1905

1907

1909

Fis

herm

en, b

oats

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Net

s

Fishermen

Boats

Nets

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1880

1881

1882

1883

1884

1885

1886

1887

1903

1904

1905

1906

Fis

herm

en, b

oats

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Net

s

Full-time fishermen

Boats

Nets

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1886

1888

1890

1892

1894

1896

1898

1900

1902

1904

1906

1908

Fis

herm

en, b

oats

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Sei

nes,

drif

t net

s (h

ook)Fishermen

BoatsSeinesDrift-nets (hook)

Blekinge

Gävleborg

Västernorrland

Ojaveer et al. in prep.

I

Cod Gadus morhua callarias landings (tons)

0200400600800

1000120014001600180020002200

18

68

18

74

18

76

18

78

18

80

18

82

18

84

18

86

18

88

18

90

18

92

18

94

18

96

18

98

19

00

19

02

19

04

19

06

19

08

19

10

19

12

TotalVästernorrlandKalmarGotlandBlekingeKristianstadMalmöhus

Landings higher in south than in north (presence of cod in Västernorrland remarkable).

Most of cod fishery conducted at west coast

Ojaveer et al. in prep.

I

Cod effort

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1882

1883

1884

1885

1889

1897

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

1903

1904

1905

1906

1907

1908

1909

1910

Fis

herm

en, b

oats

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Hoo

ks, n

ets

Fishermen Boats

Hooks Flounder nets

Blekinge

Ojaveer et al. in prep.

I

Eel Anguilla anguilla landings (tons)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1874

1877

1880

1883

1886

1889

1892

1895

1898

1901

1904

1907

1910

1913

Total

Gotland

Kalmar

Blekinge

Kristianstad

Malmöhus

General increase in landings.

Landings higher in south and southeast than in open Baltic and north.

Eel landings decreased due to eutrophication in the 1950s

Ojaveer et al. in prep.

I

Flounder Platichthys flesus landings (tons)

0

100

200

300

400

500

18

83

18

85

18

87

18

89

18

91

18

93

18

95

18

97

18

99

19

01

19

03

19

05

19

07

19

09

19

11

19

13

Total Gotland

Kalmar Blekinge

Majority of flatfish catches from the west coast (average ca 71 000 tons annually.

No effort data available

Ojaveer et al. in prep.Ojaveer et al. in prep.

I

Map of the Gulf of Riga showing identified places, fisheries and regions

• I - Northern part; II - West coast; III - South coast; IV - East coast; V - Parnu Bay

Fishing was carried out all over the coasts of the Gulf of Riga in more than 30 localities by means of various gears

Gaumiga et al. in prep.

II

Catch and catch per unit effort (measured as unit catch per fishing day)of herring,

flounder and eelpout

0

50

100

150

200

Cat

ch (

tons

)

Herring

Flounder

Eelpout

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.8

1675

1677

1679

1681

1683

1685

1987

1689

1691

1694

1696

Year

Cat

ch P

er U

nit E

ffor

t

Herring

Flounder

Eelpout

Switch to eelpout fishing when flounder catches were low (same fishing grounds and seasons)

Gaumiga et al. in prep.

II

Comparison with recent data

0

200

400

600

800

1000

19

70

19

74

19

78

19

82

19

86

19

90

19

94

19

98

20

02

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

19

70

19

74

19

78

19

82

19

86

19

90

19

94

19

98

20

02

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

19

72

19

75

19

78

19

81

19

84

19

87

19

90

19

93

19

96

19

99

20

02

Herring: max ca. 200 tons in late 17th c.

Flounder: max ca. 50 tons in late 17th c. 1984-2002 mean ca. 100 tons

Eelpout: max ca 25 tons in late 17th c.; about the same in 2000-2002!

Gaumiga et al. in prep.

II

Freshwater and Coastal Fisheries

0

1

2

3

4

Lan

ding

s (t

) Ide Roach Perch

Pike

200

300

400

500

1796

1801

1806

1811

1816

1821

1826

1831

1836

1841

1846

1851

Land

ings

(num

bers

)

Grossenhoff Manor,Estonia

Ide Leuciscus idusRoach Rutilus rutilusPerch Perca fluviatilisPike Esox lucius

III

Lajus et al. in prep.