INCLINED PLANES AND PULLEYS POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY MRS.
MARTINEZ SIXTH GRADE
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WELCOMING WORK:DAY 1 1. What are Kinetic and Potential
energies? Give an example or description. 2. What is a simple
machine? 3. What is a Pulley, Lever, Inclined Plane?
GUIDED QUESTIONS 1.What is potential Energy? 2.What is kinetic
energy? 3.Name and Compare various types of pulleys and planes.
4.How can pulleys and planes redistribute the amount of force it
takes to move an object?
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OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
IIdentify the types of simple machines. IIdentify the forces
involved in simple machines. CCreate a simple machine.
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POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY All energy is either potential or
kinetic.
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MACHINE A device that changes the size, speed, or direction of
a force. A device with fixed or moving parts that modifies
mechanical energy in order to do work.
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HOW DOES THE RAMP HELP HIM?
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THE EQUATION
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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE How much does a given machine assist at a
certain task? Mechanical advantage determines how much a machine
multiplies a force or reduces the force needed.
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EQUATION FOR MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE MA= output force = input
distance input force output distance Depends on the type of the
machine being measured as to which equation is used as well as what
information is known.
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THE RAMP EXAMPLE MA= Force output/ force input MA =225N / 75.0
N MA = 3.00 MA = Input distance/ output distance MA = 3.00m / 1.00m
MA = 3.00 Same outcome regardless of which formula is used
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PRACTICE What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp that is
5.0m long and 1.5m high?
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POTENTIAL ENERGY Potential energy is energy that is in a stored
form. It isn't being used at the moment, but is waiting to do work.
Think about a boulder sitting on top of a hill. Just sitting there,
the boulder isn't doing anything. But because it is sitting on top
of a hill, it has the potential to roll down and do some damage to
a car or building below. The energy is stored in that rock because
of its size (mass) and the distance it will travel once it starts
rolling.
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Potential energy Continues Potential energy is stored
energy--energy ready to go. Other examples: A lawn mower filled
with gasoline, A car on top of a hill, Students waiting to go home
from school are all examples of potential energy.
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SOLUTION Input distance = 5.0 m Output distance =1.5 m MA =
Input distance/ Output distance MA= 5.0m / 1.5m MA= 3.3
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Gravitational potential energy Gravitational potential energy
is the energy possessed by a body because of its elevation (height)
relative to a lower elevation, that is, the energy that could be
obtained by letting it fall to a lower elevation. For example,
water at the top of a waterfall or stored behind a dam at a
hydroelectric plant has gravitational potential energy.
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KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy is energy that is in motion. This
energy is performing work. Legs are pumping bicycle pedals. Coal is
running generators. Lightning is snapping trees.
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KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY
http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/mem05_pg69_potenti
al/mem05_pg69_potential.html After analyzing the situations
describe to the person next to you what happend.
http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/mfm05_pg126_coaste
r/mfm05_pg126_coaster.html
http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/potential_and_kinetic_e
nergy/index.html
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VIDEO TIME
http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=127812
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QUESTION TIME 1. Two things that create Kinetic energy? 2.
Objects have energy due to its _______________________. 3. Energy
of position increases with _____________________ and
____________________. 4. No kinetic energy means no
_____________________ or no _______________________. Why? 5. Is
kinetic energy lost? Why or why not? Vocabulary Mass/Speed
Equilibrium Movement Height Mass Work Force Yes No Push
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SOLUTION 1. Two things that change energy to Kinetic energy?
Mass/Speed 2. Objects have energy due to its movement. 3. Energy of
position increases with height and mass. 4. No kinetic energy means
no work or no force. 5. Is kinetic energy lost? Why or why not? No,
energy is never lost it is just changed into other forms of energy.
Kinetic Potential Potential Kinetic
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MACHINES What is the purpose of machines? Name examples and
their purpose. Purpose: Make work easier EX. Cars Dishwashers
Bicycles Return to Table of Contents Turn and Talk :
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SIMPLE MACHINES Have few or no moving parts Only apply one
force make work easier Ex. rake Return to Table of Contents
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TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES Lever Wheel-and-Axle Pulley Inclined
Plane Wedge Screw
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Check Point!!! What is a simple Machine? Simple Machine is a
device that helps reduce the amount of force required to do work.
Allows the user to apply smaller force over a larger distance to
move an object Change the direction of the force applied If the
distance over which the effort force is increased, the same amount
of work can be done with a smaller effort force Simple machines are
used to reduce the amount of effort force needed to do work
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Lever Is a rigid bar or board that is free to move around a
fixed point called a fulcrum. The fulcrum may be placed at
different locations along the bar A lever can be designed to reduce
the amount of force required to lift a weight in two ways: (1) by
increasing the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the
effort force is applied, or (2) by decreasing the distance the
weight is from the fulcrum the effort force decreases By increasing
the distance the effort force moves relative to the distance the
weight moves, a lever can reduce the effort force needed.
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LEVER A bar that pivots, or turns, on a fixed point A fixed
point is a point that doesnt move Fulcrum Example: Arm
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WHEELS AND AXLES The wheel and axle are a simple machine. Made
up of a wheel and axle that are connected so they turn together The
axle is a rod that goes through the wheel which allows the wheel to
turn. Gears are a form of wheels and axles. Examples: Door Knob
Screwdriver
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WHEELS AND AXLES The wheel and axle are a simple machine The
axle is a rod that goes through the wheel which allows the wheel to
turn Gears are a form of wheels and axles
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PULLEYS Pulley are wheels and axles with a groove around the
outside A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to
make it do work
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PULLEY A wheel and axle with a rope attached Changes the
direction of motion to work with gravity Makes work easier Return
to Table of Contents
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VOCABULARY LIST 1. Fixed Pulley 2. Movable Pulley 3. Block and
Tackle
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Pulleys Movable Fixed Block and Tackle
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- Simple Machines PULLEY A pulley is a simple machine made of a
grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it.
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FIXED PULLEY Changes the _________ of input force Pulley does
______ move
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PULLEYS Pulley are wheels and axles with a groove around the
outside A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to
make it do work
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MOVABLE PULLEY ________ the input force _____ moves!
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BLOCK AND TACKLE Combination of a Fixed and _______ Pulley
_______ the input force
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T7tGosXM58&noredirect=1
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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE Number of Sections (more pulleys=more
sections of rope)
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INCLINED PLANES An inclined plane is a flat surface that is
higher on one end Inclined planes make the work of moving things
easier Makes moving objects easier Move objects over a longer
distance Ex. Ramp
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WEDGES Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used
to split things. Inclined plane turned on its side Helps push
things apart
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SCREWS A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or
cylinder. The inclined plane allows the screw to move itself when
rotated.
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SCREW An inclined plane in the round with a wedge at the top
Wedge = end of screw Inclined plane = thread that wraps around Hold
things together
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LEVERS-FIRST CLASS In a first class lever the fulcrum is in the
middle and the load and effort is on either side Think of a
see-saw
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LEVERS-SECOND CLASS In a second class lever the fulcrum is at
the end, with the load in the middle Think of a wheelbarrow
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LEVERS-THIRD CLASS In a third class lever the fulcrum is again
at the end, but the effort is in the middle Think of a pair of
tweezers
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SIMPLE MACHINES Simple Machines can be put together in
different ways to make complex machinery
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEsH1iA20GM
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TWO SIMPLE MACHINES: PLANE OR PULLEY????
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WHAT MACHINES MAKE WORK EASIER? Machines Bulldozer Sewing
Machine Washing Machine
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an advantage of an inclined plane instead of lifting a load
straight using great effort you can use this at an angle to make it
easier a disadvantage of an inclined plane to move the load easier
it has to be moved at a greater distance compound pulley Two or
more pulleys working together. block and tackle Another name for a
pulley system examples of pulleys flag pole, blindes, stages,
crane, elevator simple machine Any of the six elementary devices
(including levers and pulleys) that provide mechanical or other
advantage lever A beam, free to pivot around a point, used to move
a load
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pulley A wheel with a grooved rim in which a rope can run to
change the direction of the pull and so lift a load. screw An
inclined plane spiraled around an axis inclined plain A flat
surface set at an angle, used to change wedge A double inclined
plane that tapers to a point or sharp edge, used to change the
direction of force wheel and axle Two wheels of different diameters
attached and rotating on the same axis. a plank can be used as an
inclined plane when you put it as an angle and a boat could go at
the end and put a wheel chair and move someone up in it
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winding trail easier to hike to the top because an angle and it
makes it easier to go up the hill a simple machine that can be used
to make a wheelchair ramp inclined plain would make it easier to
role a wheelchair instead of having to lift the person and the
chair mechanical advantage a ratio of the load to resistance to the
effort or force movable pulley A pulley attached to a load that is
being Pulley A wheel with a grooved rim in which a rope can run to
change the direction of the pull and so lift a load Sheave A
grooved wheel used in a pulley
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WHAT SIMPLE MACHINE AM I?
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INCLINED PLANE OR PULLEY?
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WHAT SIMPLE MACHINE AM I?
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IN YOUR INTERACTIVE JOURNAL: CREATE A GRAPHIC ORGANIZER..
Simple Machines Lever Example: Screw Example: Pulley Example: Wheel
and Axle Example: Wedge Example: Inclined Plane Example:
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Quiz Time!!!!
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SIMPLE MACHINE TEST PUT YOUR NAME AT THE TOP OF YOUR PAPER.
NUMBER YOUR PAPER FROM 1 TO 10. GOOD LUCK
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#1 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#2 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#3 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#4 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#5 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#6 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#7 What is a compound machine?
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#8 What Simple Machine Is This?
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#9 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine?
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#10 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine?
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HOW DID YOU DO???
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#1 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#2 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#3 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#4 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#5 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#6 What Simple Machine Is This? Wheel & Axle Wedge Screw
Inclined Plane Pulley Lever
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#7 What is a compound machine? A compound machine is a machine
with two or more simple machines.
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#8 What Simple Machine Is This? Lever
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#9 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine? Screw
Wedge Lever
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#10 What Simple Machines Are In This Compound Machine? Wedge
Lever
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SCORING 10/10 = Great Job! Secure (S) 9/10 = Great Job! Secure
(S) 8/10 = Good Job! Developing (D) 7/10 = Good Job! Developing (D)
6/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B) 5/10 = Keep Working! Beginning
(B) 4/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B) 3/10 = Keep Working!
Beginning (B) 2/10 = Keep Working! Beginning (B)
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PART B.
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1. The purpose of a simple machine to make work easier by
allowing for a push or pull to occur over an increased distance. A:
True B: False
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2. What is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope
to raise, lower, or move a load? A: lever B: inclined plane C:
wheel and axel D: pulley
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3. What simple machine uses a wheel with a rod or rods through
its center that will help it lift or move a load? A: inclined plane
B: wheel and axle C: screw D: all of the above
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4. What simple machine uses a slanted surface that connects a
lower level to a higher level? A: inclined plane B: screw C: wedge
D: lever
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5. Which of the following would you use a pulley for? A: hold
pieces of plastic together B: help guide a sail on a sailboat C:
cut food D: all of the above
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6. What type of simple machine is a seesaw on a playground? A:
inclined plane B: pulley C: wedge D: lever
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7. What type of a simple machine would the bottom of a light
bulb be? A: screw B: wedge C: lever D: pulley
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8. A fork would be an example of what type of simple machine?
A: pulley B: wedge C: lever D: screw
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9. A compound machine is two or more simple machines that are
working together to make work easier. A: True B: False
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THANK YOU
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/science/simple_machines/quiz392.html
http://sbl7thgradescience.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Types+of+Pulleys-Modified.ppt
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Number Actual Your Answer(s) Review 1 - A Review 2- D Review -
3 B Review - 4 A Review - 5 B Review - 6 D Review - 7 A Review - 8
B Review - 9 A