No Slide TitleINCAPACITATING AGENTS USER TRAINING
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES • At the end of this course students will be
• Knowledgeable of the authorized
incapacitating agents effects, delivery systems, decontamination
and first aid.
• Upon completion of this training program, students will
demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of applicable DOC
polices related to Incapacitating Agents Training.
• At the end of the course students will demonstrate an
understanding of the effects of OC and CS through practical
exposure to each, and demonstrate techniques in working through the
effects of each.
USE OF INCAPACITATING AGENTS Definition:
DOC 306.09
DOC 306.07.03
“ Any agent approved by the DOC for the purpose of overcoming
continued resistance, active resistance, assaultive behavior or its
threat.”
• DAI 306.07.01 Use of Force – "Incapacitating Agents": The planned
use
of incapacitating agents requires authorization in accordance with
the line of succession. Reactive use of incapacitating agents does
not require prior authorization.
– Non-Deadly Force – Used primarily as a Protective
Alternatives
(Review the Use of Force Policy) – Incapacitating Agents (Approved
by the
Department) – Reactive vs. Planned use of force
• Types of Tactics/Tools - Incapacitating Agents – Electronic
Control Devices – Impact Weapon. – Specialty Munitions
• Application: – Each institution shall ensure that every
staff
member authorized to use these Tactics/Tools are properly trained
in their use, and guidelines of DAI 306-07-01, section 1, are
adhered to for authorization.
•DAI 306.07.03 Use of Force-DOC Approved, Commercially
Manufactured
Tools
Ortho Chloro-benzal-Malononitrile- CS
• Developed around 1950 as a medium type application between CN
& DM (Adamsite)- both of which are no longer in use
• Causes intense irritation of all moist skin areas (mouth / nose /
sinuses)
• CS causes extreme temporary discomfort, tends to give off an odor
of pepper
• Can be dispensed via streamer / foggers / grenade /
projectiles
•Approved for outdoor use only except in emergencies.
OLEORESIN CAPSICUM (OC)
• An inflammatory agent and natural substance derived from the
cayenne pepper.
• Active ingredient: Capsaicin • Odor – none, but the carrier may
have odors. • January 1990 was approved by the FBI for it’s
field agents to carry. • OC is used by over half of the total
number of
law enforcement agencies, and correctional facilities within the
US.
Incapacitating Agent Chart
Agent Abbreviation Odor Classification
NOTE: Colors are no longer used to identify, always READ the labels
of the product to verify the contents. STREAMER, FOGGER, GEL, VAPOR
of FOAM.
Ortho Chloro- benzal-malono- nitrile
Agent Eye closure Respiratory Officer Response
CS Aerosol
Voluntary Distress/
Strobe Eyes, Control Breathing, Tilt head forward
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION When handling or using any type of agents,
we
need to understand that there are three levels of contamination.
Each will effect an individual differently.
A. Level 1: This is defined as direct physical contact with the
agent used. This level 1 contamination is the result of a direct
contact to the facial area – spraying a subject directly in the
face. MOST SEVERE!
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION B. Level 2: This is defined as an indirect
or
secondary contact to the agent used. This level 2 contamination is
the result of attempting to control or physically touch another
person, or item which has had a level 1 contamination – moving in
to control a subject who has just been contaminated. MOST
COMMON!
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION
C. Level 3: This is defined as an area contamination of the agent
used, such as after using OC in an aerosol form, or other agents
that have been used to contaminate an open area – entering a
contaminated zone or area. MOST UNCONTROLLABLE!
EFFECTS OF INCAPACITATING
• Burning, stinging sensation
• Potential closing of eyes
• Agents will affect the lachrymal glands of the eye, causing
intense tearing
• Respiration effects: tightness of chest - difficulty controlling
breathing
• Nauseated stomach & headaches
Presenter
Presentation Notes
May need to know this! Subjects who panic often become the most
dangerous – they may not listen to direction and are not
predictable.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS (MENTAL)
In many cases the mental effects may far outweigh the physical
effects and be the determining factor in the subject’s response or
time of incapacitation or distraction.
• Anxiety – Fear of the unknown – The action of pointing an
aerosol. – It is normal for an individual to experience
increased
anxiety when faced with the unknown. – The pain, and at times the
appearance of the injury,
may reinforce this belief. – OC in itself has not been found to
trigger an asthma
attack, however it may increase the possibility of an anxiety
attack.
PHYSICAL and PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Hands covering face and eyes • Involuntary extension of hands to
block face area • Extending arms outward towards officer • Turning
head away from officer • Vigorously shaking head • Closing eyes •
Looking down • Holding breathe • Running to or away from officer •
Running to areas a common person would not go
Potential Injuries to Eyes
• Torn or Ripped Sclera • Cornea Abrasion • Bruise Pupil • Torn
Retina
Reasons for Common Injuries to Eyes
• Being to close when being contaminated • Continuous rubbing of
the eyes • Debris from sand, grass, bugs,
environment • Wrongful Decontamination procedures
from subject or student
How do Staff combat the Effects of Agents?
• Strobing of the Eyes – the rapid opening and closing of your eyes
to start the flushing out process to restore vision and
focus.
• Reverse Auto-Genic Breathing – a system for breathing to calm
blood flow and allow officer to focus physically and mentally on
the threat at hand and reduce the possibility of hyper
ventilating.
Inhaling through their mouth to allow the maximum amount of oxygen
into their lungs.
Then exhaling through their nose to clear the mucus membranes and
any other
obstruction that may hinder their breathing.
“Farmer’s Blow”
Medical Attention and Clean-Up
• As soon as possible after an incapacitating agent has been used,
medical staff shall be advised
• Medical staff shall provide any appropriate medical care to
inmates who have been exposed to an incapacitating agent
• All inmates who have been exposed to the incapacitating agent
shall be provided with a change of clothing
Presenter
Medical Attention and Clean-Up
• Exposed living quarters shall have bedding and mattresses changed
and shall be thoroughly cleaned
• Exposed inmates shall be offered an opportunity to shower
Presenter
Delivery Systems
AEROSOLS, GRENADES, FOGGERS, PROJECTILES
Mark 3 & 4 AEROSOLS
Standard MK 3 & 4
• Verify the contents by reading the label • Deployed in an arch
from a 10:00 to
2:00 position ( 2:00 to 10:00 may be more natural if left
handed)
CROSSFIRE MK 3 & 4
• Verify the contents by reading the label • May be deployed upside
down
(THIS IS A TACTICAL DEPLOYMENT)
Mark 4 Nomenclature
Mark 3 Mark 4
MK 9
• Remove the safety pin • Two handed hold, one hand grips the body
of
the canister while the other grips the handle • Pressure is applied
directly downwards on the
center of the actuator / trigger
Mark 9 Valve Assembly
•Minimum – 6 feet
•Maximum – 25 feet
OPERATIONS
• Use one second application on target area. • Never discharge into
the wind. • STREAMERS, GEL and FOAM: Spray directly
into the facial area. Ensuring coverage of the target area (eyes,
forehead and brow) - secondary is nose and mouth.
• FOGGERS / VAPOR: Spray over the head of the subject, allow agent
to disseminate down.
• Use only the amount reasonably necessary to achieve the desired
effect.
Mark 3, 4, & Mark 9
Target Zones
Streamers and Gel : Target Zone: Side to Side at the Eye and
Facial Area
• Greater distance from target • Works in a variety of climates •
Must be accurate to be effective • Highest possibility of injury to
eye
Streamers and Gel:
Side to Side
the Subject
• Disseminates (falls) down onto the subject. •Covers more of the
target area • Better for multiple threats • Smallest aerosol
particulates
Fogger or Vapor
the Eye and Facial area
• Shortest range of aerosol • Greatly effected by weather • Reduces
respiratory effect then • Specially designed for indoor use
Foam Circular/Spiral
Target Zone:
OPERATIONS
• Use one second bursts. • Never discharge into the wind. •
STREAMERS and FOAM: Spray directly into the
facial area assuring coverage of the eye zone (eyes, forehead and
brow) - secondary is nose and mouth.
• FOGGERS and VAPOR: Spray over the head of the subject, allow
agent to disseminate down.
• Use only the amount reasonably necessary to achieve the desired
effect.
Mark 3, 4 & Mark 9
Correct
Correct
2. Button Safety Snap
– Evaluate: • Is it justifiable? • Is it Desirable? • Should I
Disengage and/or Escalate?
– Verbalize • Provide Firm Clear direction to inmate- If time
permits – Alarm
Method of Deployment
1. Spray the subject – 1 second burst. Determine if the subject is
contaminated. If not- Spray the subject again if appropriate.
2. Give Firm - Clear Direction: – STAY BACK! – GET BACK! – Get on
the Ground! – Go Back to your Cell!
Method of Deployment
3. Evaluate their response – repeat steps 1 – 3 if required.
Disengage and/or Escalate. Combine with Active- Countermeasures if
appropriate.
Method of Deployment
4. Control subject – avoid pressure / weight on their back. (to
avoid positional asphyxia).
5. Restrain subject if appropriate or when safe to do so.
Method of Deployment
GET DOWN ON THE GROUND HEAVY CONTROL TALK
PUT YOUR HANDS OUT TO YOUR SIDE LIGHT CONTROL TALK - IF
APPROPRIATE
PALMS UP PERSSUATION - IF APPROPRIATE
DON’T MOVE PERSSUATION, STABILIZATION COMMANDS. IF
APPROPRIATE
SURRENDER RITUAL
Assessment)– start decontamination when appropriate.
• Talk to subject- Assure them they will be ok
• Monitor subject & their behavior (Until relieved or the
incident has been managed)
• Check on them periodically
• Creates “Pauses in Combat.”
• Mental fogging • Psychological Distress
• It is important to note that NOT all people will have a response
to Agents.
• ALWAYS have a back up plan.
Reminder
Standard SABRE Units should be deployed in a 10 to 2
position.
(2 to 10 May be more natural if Left handed)
Reminder
SABRE Crossfire Units can be discharged in an upside down
position
(This is a tactical deployment)
DOCUMENTATION
• INCIDENT REPORT: – As soon as possible following use OC,
immediately
notify a Supervisor and an incident report shall be submitted. The
Incident report shall be as thorough as possible, describing:
A. The problem leading to the use of the Tactics/Tools; B. The
steps taken prior to the use of the Tactics/Tools; C. Why those
steps were inadequate; and D. Measures taken following the use of
the Tactics/Tools.
AVON Tactical Gas Mask
Lens
Canister
Formulation: 10% OC, 2,000,000 SHU, 1.33% Major Capsaicinoids
Level: 3 Propellant: Nitrogen Models:
STREAM HIGH VOLUME STREAMER
MK4 52H2030 MK9 92H2060
SABRE CROSSFIRE-INERT SHOWING BLADDER
Formulation: 10% OC, 2,000,000 SHU, 1.33% Major Capsaicinoids
Level: 3 Propellant: 134 a/P (Pharmaceutical Only) and Nitrogen
Models:
STREAM FOGGER MK4 520030 MK9 920060-C
SABRE Red (5200) DPS Series
Formulation: 1% CS TEAR GAS, 2,000,000 SHU, .13% Major
Capsaicinoids
Level: 3 Propellant: 134 a/P (Pharmaceutical Only) and Nitrogen
Models:
FOGGER MK9 930060-C
A BRIEF OVERVIEW
• This next portion is designed to FAMILIARIZE you with other
systems and products available to the Department of
Corrections.
• Only Trained Staff may handle or deploy these weapons and
systems.
• This is NOT a training session, Only a familiarization.
X-26 TASER • An electroshock weapon that uses
electrical current to disrupt voluntary control of muscles.
(Neuromuscular Incapacitation)
ICE SHIELD • Constructed of ¼"
polycarbonate Lexan® • Features nine sparking
display points on the front to provide a visible deterrent.
• The power shield can be used as a traditional riot shield, or the
operator can simply push a switch on the shield’s handles to
activate a non-lethal, immobilizing shock on contact
Combined Tactical Systems, Inc.
54 Series Flameless Expulsion Grenades
• Upon function of the fuse, the devices chemical payload is pushed
out with the help of CO² resulting in a visible cloud of chemical
agent into the room.
• There are three choices of composition available: CS and OC, as
well as inert powder for training and tactical purposes.
52 Series Pyrotechnic Smoke
• These canister type grenades provide a continuous discharge of
smoke under pressure.
• Discharge Agents and Smoke through four angled top ports and a
single bottom port.
• For outdoor use only. Potential fire hazard
7200 Flash-Bang
• Loud Explosion: 175 db
• Produces an Bright Flash and Loud Bang.
• Energy is released radially and equally through top and base
ports
This grenade contains a flash charge which produces a Bright Flash
and Loud Bang. At the same time, the blast propels Rubber Balls in
a circular 360° pattern. The Sting-Ball™ is also available with
irritant powder additives in CS and OC. This grenade is an
excellent tool for a variety of tactical applications.
92 Series Sting-Ball™ Grenades
37mm Pyrotechnic Smoke Cartridges
• Come in both long and short range rounds, as well as multiple
projectile versions
• Available in OC, CS and Inert White Smoke for screening and
training purposes.
• Multiple projectile models contain three or five
projectiles.
37mm Sting Ball™ Rounds • The 37mm Sting Ball™
rubber pellet cartridge is designed to be skip fired in situations
where collateral damage and serious injury to innocent bystanders
is to be avoided
37/38 mm Gas Gun
37/38 mm Gas Gun
on rear leaf.......75 yards (68.6 meters)
100 yards (91.4 meters) (Fixed front sight & rear leaf sight
with 50, 75, & 100 yard increments)
Protective Cap
Gross weight..............................20 pounds
Contents.....................................agent combined with
pressurized CO2
Accurate range..........................15-20 yards
Average repeat capability........15-20 one-second bursts
Evaporated solution contains floating-in-air particles
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Consideration must be given to wind conditions outside, to cross
contamination inside.
Protectojet Model M-5
• Hip pad should be between the system and the user
• Remove protective cap and safety pin
• Firmly grasp the holding handle and firing handle
• Hold barrel upwards 10-15 degrees from horizontal
• Move firing handle towards your body at 90 degrees
• To stop firing, return handle to original position
Holding the M-5 Protecto Jet
• Strong ‘Weaver’ stance
• Lean forward to adjust to thrust backwards from the Jet.
1
LESSON PLAN COVER SHEET
COURSE CODE:
INSTRUCTOR(S): Captain Tony Torgrimsen
COORDINATOR: Captain Tony Torgrimsen
TOTAL TIME: 4 Hours
TARGET POPULATION Pre-Service Trainees
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: 50
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
1. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of DAI
306.07.01 Use of Force. 2. At the end of the course students will
be knowledgeable of DAI 306.07.03 Use of Force-DOC Approved
Commercially Manufactured Tools 3. At the end of the course
students will be knowledgeable of DAI 306.08.01 Firearms and
Incapacitating Agents
Training
4. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of DAI
306.09.01 OC Carry
5. At the end of the course students will demonstrate knowledge and
practical application of manufactures instructions.
6. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of
authorized incapacitating agents effects, delivery systems,
decontamination, and first aide.
7. At the end of the course students will demonstrate an
understanding of the effects of OC and CS through practical
exposure to each, and demonstrate techniques in working through the
effects of each.
8. At the end of the course students will demonstrate a
familiarization of DOC approved intermediate weapons.
EVALUATION PROCEDURES
1. Competency based through performance evaluations 2. Practical
exercises 3. Instructors will evaluate student’s performance in
hands on techniques during the course.
METHODS
2
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES NEEDED
1. Power Point system 2. Sample of each type of incapacitating
agent delivery system 3. Sample of related intermediate weapon
systems
FOR RANGE ONLY:
1. Supply of live or inert OC and CS Incapacitating agents for the
number of students present to demonstrate proficiency in use.
2. Supply of live OC and CS Incapacitating agents for practical
exposure of all students present. 3. Sample of other appropriate
intermediate weapon systems.
STUDENT MATERIALS (HANDOUTS)
1. DAI Policy 306.07.01 Use of Force (Restricted)
2. DAI Policy 306.07.03 Use of Force – DOC Approved Commercially
Manufactured Tools
3. DAI Policy 306.08.01 Firearms and Incapacitating Agents
Training
4. DAI Policy 306.09.01 OC Carry
5. Incapacitating Agent User Training Power Point Study Guide
INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS
2. DAI Policy 306.07.01
3. DAI Policy 306.07.03
4. DAI Policy 306.08.01
5. DAI Policy 306.09.01
REFERENCE MATERIALS
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Division of Management Services DOC-544A
(Rev. 4/01)
WISCONSIN
Lesson Title Firearms & Incapaciting Agents Instructors
Training Initial
Presentation Guide Notes to Trainer I. Introduction A. Class
Objectives II. Review Administrative Codes A. DOC 306.07, Use of
Force B. DOC 306.09, Use of incapacitating Agents III. Review
Security Internal Management Procedures A. Use of Force IV. Safety
DAILY SAFETY BRIEFING- DESIGNATED SAFETY OFFICER A. Range Safety V.
INCAPACITATING AGENTS
A. Review DOC 306, Use of Incapacitating agents
B. Types of Incapacitating Agents 1. CS-
Chlorobenzal-Melonitrile
a) Developed around 1950 as a medium type application between CN
& DM (Adamsite) which is no longer in use. Causes intense
irritation of all moist skin areas (mouth/ nose/ sinuses) CS Causes
extreme temporary discomfort tends to give off an odor of pepper.
Can be dispersed via streamers/ foggers/ grenade/projectiles.
2. O.C.- Oleoresin-Capsicum
Review & discuss DAI 306.07.01 Review & discuss DAI Policy
306.08.01 Review and discuss DOC 306.09 Read and Discuss 1) Also
known as "Tear Gas" 2) Also known as "Pepper Spray"
4
a) A naturally occurring agent that is a derivative of the cayenne
pepper. O.C. can cause inflammation of the mucous membrane and
upper respiratory system, which manifests itself, burning &
closing of eyes. Can be dispersed via
streamers/foggers/projectiles. Target area suspended cloud allows
in for dissent.
C. Physical Effects of Incapacitating Agents 1. Burning / Stinging
Sensation 2. Closing of Eyes 3. Tearing 4. Respiration Effects 5.
Panic 6. Irritation
D. Incapacitating Agent Dispersal
E. Delivery systems
F. Main hazards in using incapacitating Agents
1. Fire 2. Injury 3. Contamination
G. Physical and Psychological Effects of OC: 1. Hands covering face
and eyes 2. Involuntary extension of hands to block face area 3.
Extending arms outward towards officer 4. Turning head away from
officer 5. Vigorously shaking head 6. Closing eyes 7. Looking down
8. Holding breathe 9. Running to or away from officer 10. Running
to areas a common person would not go
H. Decontamination
1. Inmate a) As soon as possible, offer / provide medical attention
b) Move to a clear environment c) Offer inmate a Shower
C) Review & Compare Effects D) Explain each dispersion type E)
Review Delivery Systems G) Affect individual’s differently 1)
Follow Code, DAI Policy and manufacturer directions
5
d) Flush eyes with water or solution if appropriate (Medical Staff
Only) e) Remove / replace contaminated clothing and bedding f)
Clean cell g) Follow Manufacturer’s Specifications
2. Facility
a) Ventilate Area b) Removal of all items/ Food etc. c) Wet vacuum
area d) Flush area e) Follow manufacturer’s specifications
I. Specific Delivery Systems 1. Aerosol Streamers:
a) MK 3 (1) available in OC. (2) Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 3 feet (b) Maximum effective 10 – 12 feet
(3) Target area: eye, nose, mouth (4) Nomenclature
b) MK 9 (1) Available in : CS, OC, CS/OC Blend & OC Vapor (2)
Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 6 feet (b) Maximum of approx 12 feet
(3) Target area: facial area (4) Nomenclature
2. Foggers: a) MK 9
(1) Available in CS, OC, and the Blend (2) Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 6 feet (b) Maximum of 25 feet
(3) Target area: above head, allow to disseminate to subject
b) M-5 Protecto Jet (1) Available in CS & OC (2) Effective
range:
(a) Minimum of 6 feet (b) Maximum of 60 feet
(3) Target area: above head, allow to
2) Follow Code, DAI Policy and manufacturer directions 1) The
ballistic stream has the highest probability of eye injury, so it
is recommended that the spray distance is no less than 36”.
Effective range is three to twelve feet. Possible eye injuries that
can be incurred if improperly used are; torn or ripped Scalar,
Cornea abrasion, bruised pupil or torn Retina. 3) Facial Area 4)
Refer to power point 4) Refer to power point b) Demonstrate
operation, ensure protective cap is used. Grip unit tightly due to
recoil **Psychological Control: Presence of weapon
6
disseminate to subject (4) Barrel needs to be held at 10 to 15
degree angle above horizontal
J. Utilization within the Intervention Options Criterion:
1. To prevent death or bodily injury to oneself or another 2. To
prevent unlawful damage to property 3. To regain control of an
institution or part of an Institution 4. To prevent escape of an
inmate 5. To apprehend an inmate who has escaped 6. To change the
location of an inmate 7. To control a disruptive inmate 8. To
enforce a DOC rule, a posted policy or procedure or an order of
staff member
K. Questions to ask yourself 1. Is assault possible?
a) What early behavioral signs? b) What’s the inmates’ tone of
language/profanity, verbal threats? Body language?
2. Is assault imminent? a) Inmates’ physical action/combativeness,
hand gestures? b) Is it common area (recreation, dining, etc.) with
large groups of inmates’?
B. Gripping Methods for Deployment: 1. MK 3 2. MK 9
C. Discharging the Aerosol Units
1. Pressure is applied directly downwards on the center of the
actuator. 2. Thumb position is centered, not to the front or rear
of the actuator. 3. Ensures the unit is held between 10-2 O’clock
4. Spray the inmate –1 one second burst, evaluate the inmate’s
response- spray the inmate with another 1 one second burst- or it
is determined that the inmate is contaminated or that the OC is
ineffective. Be prepared to Disengage and/or escalate if necessary.
5. Evaluate their response, if required disengage and/or escalate
6. Surrender ritual
B) Refer to power point
7
7. Emergency ground stabilization and restraining techniques. 8.
Remove from area.
D. Gas Mask
1. No. 68 Tactical Gas Mask a) Nomenclature b) Donning the Mask c)
Filters
(1) 1 filter for training (2) 1 filter (kept sealed) for live
deployment
E. Environmental Factors:
1. Wind and rain effects accuracy, contaminates larger group forces
aerosol downward. 2. Fans/ventilation/doorways bring aerosols into
buildings and away from target area, cause a larger concern and
redirects wind without warning. 3. Heat and humidity heightens
effects of agent, greater respiratory effects and lengthens
contamination. 4. Cold and snow effects accuracy contaminates
larger group, forces aerosol downwards, prolongs effects because of
closed pores and can cause a malfunction.
F. RANGE TRAINING: Student I/A Contamination
A. Review of Incapacitating agents B. Review of delivery systems C.
Review of effects D. Review of first aid E. Review of
decontamination F. Exposure will be as minimal as possible
with the intent to foster learning of OC effects and emphasize the
importance of verbalization skills by the user, NOT TO INCAPACITATE
THE STUDENT.
1. OC exposure with MK-IX 2. CS exposure with MK-IX D. Wellness
check Evaluations
1 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Division of Management Services
DOC-544A (Rev. 4/01)
WISCONSIN
LESSON PLAN Lesson Title ABT - Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray
Training October 2016
Presentation Guide Notes to Trainer
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray Introduction: Welcome to O.C.
(Oleoresin Capsicum) Spray training. The intent of this training is
to provide you guidance and direction in the use of Incapacitating
Agents, and the DCC Administrative Directive #16-04 Use of
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol Spray. It is important that you
understand the policies around OC use, storage, and carrying and
using OC products in the use of your official duties. In addition
to DCC AD #16-04, we will also cover:
• ERCM standards • DCC Transports Administrative Directive •
DOC-2346 OC Spray Control/Storage Place • DOC-2776 Receipt of
Exposure to Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Spray
Disclaimer • Application, effects and decontamination of O.C. •
Exposure to O.C. • DCC AD #16-05 Transports
As a DCC Probation and Parole Agent/DCC Transport Sergeant or DCC
Corrections Field Supervisor, you are mandated to competently
complete all aspects of the O.C. training to include a onetime
exposure.
DCC AD #16-04 DOC-2776 Receipt of Exposure to Oleoresin Capsicum
Aerosol Spray Disclaimer
Presentation: The ECRM OC policy is that in all instances,
de-escalation should be attempted prior to use of OC. The policy in
the ECRM also states that:
1) OC is not to be used as punishment or to facilitate offender
movement. 2) Users of OC must have completed a POSC/Intervention
Options
training, which includes personal exposure to OC and
decontamination procedures.
3) Only DOC approved products and delivery systems will be approved
for employment related use.
4) OC products must be used and stored according to the DOC policy
and the manufacturer's instructions.
5) After the workday, OC products must be stored in a locked and
secured area.
6) Medical attention must be provided immediately after exposure,
once the area is secured.
7) Documentation will be required following any use of OC
spray.
2
Let’s look at each of the statements in the OC Policy a bit closer
now. 1. OC is not to be used as punishment or to facilitate
offender movement. The ECRM states that: Field staff in DCC may
direct the use of OC spray toward an offender, a third person, or
animal only when acting in self-defense or defense of a third
person. OC use is not authorized because an offender refuses to
follow orders or for the purpose of causing bodily harm or
discomfort. In all instances, de-escalation should be attempted
prior to use of OC.
Make sure that trainees understand that they cannot use OC spray to
facilitate movement or to punish an offender. Also- make sure they
understand that they must always try to de- escalate situation
first. **Refer class back to DCC AD #16-04
2. Users of OC must have completed a POSC/Intervention Options
training, which includes personal exposure to OC and
decontamination procedures. The ECRM talks about training of OC
spray. It says: Authorized training for field staff in DCC will be
according to the Wisconsin Department of Justice Minimum
Instructional Standards-OC Aerosol Basic Training Program.
Prerequisites include completion of POSC/Intervention Options
training. All field staff in DCC authorized to use OC must be
recertified for continued use annually. DCC Administrative
Directive #16-04 also talks about training. Please look at the AD
now. Who will read the section about training under: Procedure? 1.
“Training programs by DOC certified instructors will include review
of
appropriate ECRM sections, DCC OC aerosol spray policy and
procedures; DCC Use of force policy; verbalization and
de-escalation skills; simulation training and a one-time exposure
to OC spray.
2. A mandatory one-time exposure of OC product is required for
certification as an OC user. If an individual was exposed in any
other DOC approved OC training, they may not have to be re-exposed.
Employees will be required to sign the DOC-2276.
3. Undated training for all staff will be mandatory during each
consecutive calendar year without re-exposure.
Have trainees pull out DCC AD #16-04
3. Only DOC approved products and delivery systems will be approved
for employment related use.
The ECRM states that approved products for field staff in DCC
include foam or stream delivery only. No larger than 2-ounce
aerosol delivery systems with belt cases will be approved. DCC
employees will not carry OC products on key rings or key chains.
The propellant used must be nonflammable, and percentage of OC will
be within the 5% to 10% range.
4. OC products must be used and stored according to the DOC policy
and the manufacturer's instructions.
5. After the workday, OC products must be stored in a locked and
secured area.
3
Prior to issuance of individually assigned OC spray, certified
staff shall sign the OC Spray Control/Storage Plan (DOC-2436).
Let’s look at that form now. It is pretty self-explanatory, don’t
you think?
Refer to the DOC-2435 in their packet, if applicable.
6. Medical attention must be provided immediately after exposure,
once the area is secured.
Who will look at DCC AD #16-04 again and read the paragraph on
Decontamination/medical treatment? Decontamination should be
provided to exposed persons to the level of the employee’s training
as soon as it is reasonably safe to do so. Staff shall follow OC
spray manufacturer recommendations for decontamination. If further
emergency medical attention is needed, contact 911 for
assistance.
7. Documentation will be required following any use of OC spray.
The ECRM tells us that if OC spray is used, we must follow these
reporting requirements: If force is used, the agent or other
involved staff shall prepare a Wisconsin Integrated Corrections
System (WICS) Incident Report and complete Section A of the DCC Use
of Force Report (DOC-1960B) form within 1 working day of incident
and forward it to the Field Supervisor. The Field Supervisor will
review and complete the WICS Incident Report and complete Section B
of the DCC Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B) and forward to the
Regional Chief/Designee within three working days of incident. The
Regional Chief/designee will review and complete the WICS Incident
Report and complete Section C of the Use of Force Report
(DOC-1960B) and forward to the POSC Staff Development
Specialist/Use of Force Committee within 5 working days of receipt.
The POSC Staff Development Specialist/Use of Force Committee will
review the WICS Incident Report and complete Section D of the Use
of Force Report (DOC-1960B) within 10 working days of receipt and
forward to the Administrator/designee and the Regional
Chief/designee. The Administrator/designee shall review the
completed reports and take appropriate action, if necessary, and
advise the Regional Chief/designee on any and all recommendations
submitted by the POSC Staff Development Specialist/Use of Force
Committee. After apprehension, the offender and staff should be
checked for injury and treated by a physician if necessary. If
injury resulted, a WICS Incident Report will be completed detailing
the cause and extent of the injury and the treatment provided. The
employee must be placed on office duty pending assessment of the
incident. Our DCC AD #16-04 also talks about notification and
reporting.
Show DOC-1960B Have trainees pull out DCC AD #16-04
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We will now look at DCC AD #16-05 on Transports This policy went
into effect on May 1st, 2016. Let’s go through it together and make
sure that we all understand:
• The general procedures for all transports • Secure Transports of
Offenders • Non-secure Transports of Offenders • Alternative to
Revocation (ATR) Transports • Out of State Transports •
Transportation of Third Parties
Have trainees pull out DCC AD #16-05
Now let’s look at the use of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol Spray
as it relates to POSC. Oleoresin Capsicum, generally known as “OC”
or “pepper spray” is another tactic within the DOC Force Option
continuum for DCC staff in defense. We have already talked about
the fact that the use of OC does not replace your requirement to
attempt to obtain compliance by a lesser means of force. You must
use the verbalization skills learned in the Professional
Communications skills training. Your actual use of OC depends on
the same tactical evaluation factors, which govern your decision to
use any other force option in the DOC Force Option Continuum. Those
factors include:
• Threat Assessment Opportunities • DCC staff(s) / subject(s)
factors • Special Circumstances
Incapacitating agents may not be used for punishment, retribution,
to facilitate offender movement if an offender refuses to follow
orders of for purposes of causing bodily harm or discomfort to the
offender.
The use of OC does not replace the requirement of attempting to
obtain compliance by the use of verbalization skill.
Overview Of OC So, what is Oleoresin Capsicum or OC? It is an
inflammatory agent composed of a mixture of an oily resin and an
essential oil naturally occurring in various plants, combined with
varieties of red pepper. It is generally prepared in aerosol form,
in various concentration levels or solutions, such as 5% or 10%
solution. These aerosols are sold under a variety of brand names.
It is the responsibility of the Regional Chief or designee to
coordinate the purchase and issuance of OC products to be used by
certified staff.
OC does not affect everyone the same way, and in fact does not have
much
effect on some people. However, most people who are sprayed
experience such discomfort that their ability to resist is reduced
to the point that they are more easily controlled.
When used properly, OC generally has a variety of physical effects
on a person who has been sprayed. These may include the following:
• The eyes will open and close in rapid fashion or close
completely. The
pain may be extreme. Vision may be affected.
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• The skin of the face may feel hot – more so if the person is
perspiring or has a fair complexion. The mucous membranes in the
nose, lips, and mouth may also swell.
• Areas around the eyes, nose and mouth will usually remain red for
a longer period.
• If the subject inhales OC, the respiratory system may become
inflamed, causing coughing, gagging and gasping for breath.
Breathing typically becomes labored.
Other Common Effects of Being Sprayed with OC may include: 1. Hands
go directly to the face, dropping whatever is in the hands 2. Upper
body bends forward 3. Subject shakes uncontrollably 4. Legs become
weak. Subject gropes around for the ground or the floor 5. Subject
goes to his/her knees for stability 6. Subject cannot easily hear
what the Agent is saying. 7. Muscles in the body become rigid 8.
The subject may not respond to commands 9. The subject may panic
and run.
Typically pain in the eyes and face and gasping for air typically
produces an involuntary response, which indirectly addresses the
most basic fears of blindness and suffocation. The panic causes
confusion and disorientation. Subjects with heart problems, asthma,
emphysema and/or other illnesses who have been sprayed had no
lasting after-effects. OC is an effective tool when used to
accomplish the purpose for which it is used because OC:
1. Produces rapid physiological actions 2. Produces desired effects
in low concentrations 3. Permits rapid recovery without lasting
effects 4. Is an inflammatory and therefore is not possible for a
person to build up
immunity.
This is known as “Auditory Exclusion” Something you may need to
deal with during your training of an agent. Another safety factor
to take into account during your training of new agents. Prepare
them mentally for this effect and be prepared to take control if
necessary. At this point instructors may share personal experiences
as to their own reactions to being sprayed.
DELIVERY SYSTEMS There are essentially four types of dispersion or
projection systems of OC used by law enforcement. There are
advantages and concerns with each:
1. Mist – Type Dispersion: This type disperses spray widely and
affects a large area so there is a good potential of secondary
exposure to people whom you do not necessarily wish or intend to be
affected. Secondary exposure is also called “residual effect.” This
type of dispersion is most subject to wind effects.
2. Fog / Burst - Type Dispersion: This type also has a residual
effect, secondary exposure. At close range, this type also produces
a lot of force (“burst force”), meaning that a great amount of OC
material is expelled, thus quickly emptying the canister. This type
of dispersion is also subject to wind effects.
Remember that according to the ERCM, DCC field staff will use foam
or stream delivery only. No larger than 2-ounce aerosol delivery
systems with belt cases will be approved. DCC employees will not
carry OC products on key rings or key chains. The propellant used
must be nonflammable, and percentage of OC will be within the 5% to
10% range.
6
3. Foam: This type has minimum risk of secondary exposure and
contamination of area. At close range, this type produces a foaming
action upon delivery and exposure is confined to contact with the
foam/OC product. This type of dispersion has an effective range of
up to 15 feet.
4. Streamer: This type has limited residual effect, but does have a
“wash – out” effect, meaning that because the OC material is
sprayed in a direct stream much of the product runs out of the eye
as quickly as it goes in. This type of dispersion is less subject
to wind effects than either of the two other types.
You should know which type of dispersion your OC unit uses (foam or
streamer) so that you are aware of the possible drawbacks or
concerns. OC- ISSUES, CARE AND STORAGE: The training, issuance,
care, storage, use, debriefing and record keeping of OC Aerosol
products for DCC staff is governed by the DOC, DCC Oleoresin
Capsicum Aerosol Policy and Procedure. Prior to issuance all staff
certified to carry OC shall sign the OC Spray Control/Storage Plan
DOC-2436 OC Spray Control/Storage Plan The manufacturer’s
instructions for OC must be followed. The Corrections Field
Supervisor shall arrange with local law enforcement to properly
dispose of expended, damaged, or otherwise inoperable canisters. OC
that is not being carried by a person shall be stored in a secured
area. Certified OC instructors may examine OC products at annual
update
training.
HOW TO USE OC 1. Use verbalization skills to get the subject to
cease resistance. Use verbal
warnings and verbal stuns as necessary. 2. Place your hand on the
OC unit without actually drawing it. 3. If the subject does not
cease resisting, draw the unit. 4. If another DCC staff/Agents
and/or staff are present, warn them of
possible impending use of the OC by shouting “SPRAY!” 5. If the
subject does not cease resistance:
A) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application. 1) Use
with one-second bursts 2) Always consider wind direction when
targeting to avoid
blow back. 3) Spray directly into the subject’s face; aiming for
(1) the
eyes, (2) the nose or mouth. 4) Usage at distances less than three
feet may cause injury
to soft body tissue. 5) Extreme caution must be exercised in
dangerous
situations where user is under violent attack. No aerosol is 100%
effective thus user should be cautioned to employ other available
means to fight off attack or retreat to a point of safety.
As with any application of any force option, cease the use of OC
when the subject’s level of resistance decreases to the point that
you can safely control him or her.
Review Verbalization Skills. Review manufacturer’s instructions
that come with issued unit.
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If the OC is ineffective, cease its use, disengage and/or
escalate.
DRAWING TECHNIQUES You should have your OC unit in your hand prior
to approaching a potential aggressor – a subject on whom you may
need to use the spray. There are two basic drawing
techniques:
1. Strong Side Draw: If you carry the OC unit on your strong side,
simply use your strong side hand to draw the unit.
2. Reaction Side Draw: If you carry the OC unit on your reaction
side, then: A. Draw the unit with your reaction side hand B.
Transfer it immediately to your strong side hand.
While drawing the OC unit and preparing to use it, you should be in
a proper defensive stance.
Review and demonstrate only at this time. Prior to exposure
students will practice techniques using inert units.
SPRAYING TECHNIQUES Once you have drawn the OC unit, it should be
in your strong hand at the mid- line of your body, either:
1. At your belt level, between your body and your reaction side
hand with your thumb on the actuator/trigger; or
2. At your eye level, with the unit between your face and your
reaction side hand with the thumb or your index on the
actuator/trigger.
The correct grips are either :
1. when the index finger is on the actuator/trigger and the unit
(with or without the holster is held with three (3) fingers and the
thumb; or
2. When the thumb is on the actuator/trigger and the unit (with or
without the holster) is held with four (4) fingers.
The following are examples of proper DCC staff, Agent, or staff
response:
1. Side to side spray – effective for multiple subjects. 2.
Defensive push and spray. 3. Defensive push, draw and spray
When spraying a subject, remember to maintain a proper defensive
stance. After use of each spraying technique, move to a different
location!
Review that staff should be aware of wind direction and wind
currents when spraying. Especially during class participation and
exposure. Be very careful to insure any residual spray will not
have any effect of non-class participants or onlookers.
TACTICS IF FACED WITH OC BY A SUBJECT As a DCC staff member, you
may be faced with a subject who is threatening to use OC or another
aerosol spray against you. In such a case, you have a variety of
tactical options for proper defensive action. As in any use of
force situation, you may either disengage and/or escalate, using
standard techniques, if dictated by circumstances.
Describe possible OC applications in a variety of specific dynamic
situations/scenarios and ground situations.
DISENGAGEMENT When faced with a subject using any aerosol spray
against you, specific avoidance tactics and disengagement options
should be used.
1. The specific avoidance tactics include: A. Protecting your eyes
by: 1. Closing them
These techniques are not specifically to be taught during training,
but are included for reference purposes.
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2. Turning your head 3. Using your hands or an object to re-direct
or block the spray 4. Protecting your lungs by holding your
breath.
2. The disengagement options include:
A. Avoidance should be used whenever possible B. Attempt to
maintain and/or create distance C. Attempt to diffuse the situation
with verbalization skills.
Use obstacles to create distance Follow-Thru after use of OC
Following an incident in which you have had to spray a subject with
OC, it is critically important to initiate follow-thru procedures
to ensure proper care of a subject who has been sprayed and to
ensure against further danger. Follow-Thru per the DOC/DCC policy
and Procedure relating to Oleoresin Capsicum Use is required. It is
very important to monitor a subject who has been sprayed and take
care of him/her.
1. Most problems which occur in an incident involving use of OC
happen as a result of improper or inadequate follow-thru, rather
than as a result of the spraying per se.
2. Remember that being sprayed with OC is generally a terrifying,
panicky and uncomfortable experience for a person. He/she may
experience severe problems with seeing and breathing.
3. You should be familiar with specific after – use guidelines
recommended for the particular OC product, which you are using.
Read and be familiar with the “material safety data sheet” and the
“first aid information” that is provided with the product
used.
4. Even though OC may be safe, the carrier or propellant may
require special safety precautions and first aid for the
subject.
Here are some general after-use guidelines:
1. After spraying a subject or subjects, allow the OC agent to
settle for (5 to 10 seconds) and issue appropriate verbal commands
to the subject. Stabilize the scene and the subject(s), including
handcuffing if appropriate.
2. Ask the subject if he/she is wearing contact lenses – Do not
allow the subject to remove them if they are in custody, rather
seek medical attention.
3. Monitor the subject and verbally reassure him/her that he/she is
safe and will feel okay after a while. Try to help the subject calm
down and try to breathe normally.
A. Speak in a calm, reassuring tone of voice. B. Tell the subject
that the effects of OC will wear off within 30 to
45 minutes. 4. Remember: the person may be very upset with either
anger or panic
feelings because he/she cannot see or breathe properly and cannot
get instant relief.
5. Encourage the subject to open his/her eyes and blink to
stimulate a tearing effect, which will help alleviate the effects
of the OC.
6. If possible, move the subject to fresh air and face him/her into
the wind.
Note: These follow-thru procedures must be a practical exercise.
Each student is to practice the proper verbalization skill. Note:
Concerning contacts – if a subject has been resistive and presented
a situation where you have been justified in using OC, they should
be stabilized (in handcuffs/restraints) and the area should be
secured from further threat prior to medical attention being
provided. Once they are cuffed, do not remove the cuffs to allow
the subject to remove their contact lenses. Seek medical attention.
Additional cautions concerning contact lenses: If you have been
sprayed, seek medical attention to have your contacts removed. Some
products used by law enforcement may have more serious reactions
with the contacts and may cause them to become bonded to the eye.
Note: Make sure any soap used does not contain oil or lotions. Be
prepared for “secondary exposure to other areas of the body”.
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7. Allow the subject to rinse the OC from his/her face with cool
running water – preferably from a running tap or hose, since
dipping into standing water will contaminate that water and will
only result in re-exposure to the inflammatory substance. Do Not
allow the subject to rub his/her eyes or remove contact
lenses
8. Ice may be applied if burning persists. 9. Using soap and water
will remove the resin from the skin, which will
assist in the recovery process. 10. Also avoid use of salves,
creams or lotions. The products containing oils
will trap the inflammatory OC against the skin. 11. If the subject
is wet with OC, dry him/her before transporting. This will
only take a few minutes and should be accomplished before the
subject is transported.
Get medical attention for a subject under any of the following
circumstances:
1. If the subject so requests. 2. If symptoms (inability to see
and/or breathe, etc.) do not visibly improve
after 45 minutes 3. If the subject is wearing contact lenses 4. If
there are any other problems or reason to feel the medical
attention is
needed. Animal Consideration & Use DOC, DCC staff may come into
contact with animals in the performance of their duties. DOC, DCC
staff are required to use verbalization skills and avoidance in
dealing with these animals. Techniques for Avoiding Bites:
1. Disengage if possible 2. Recognize that any animal is a
potential biter. 3. Don’t turn your back on the animal. 4. Don’t
run.
Defense Against a Dog Attack
1. Disengage if possible. 2. Create a safe distance using
obstacles. 3. Use verbalization skills. 4. If the animal is
threatening to bite or has bitten:
A. Spray the OC aerosol per manufacture instructions B. Target
areas are eyes, nose and mouth.
5. Disengage safely Contact local law enforcement.
Verbalization skill for animals are common commands such as: Sit
Down Stay
Documentation: Following any incident involving use of force, you
must write a detailed use of force report about the incident in
order to capture the information for criminal or civil litigation
and to serve as a memory prompter for future testimony. You should
– in a clear and concise manner – detail the totality of
circumstances that caused you to make the force level selection by
which you gained or regained control.
Review Use of Force Report Writing.
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Exposure to OC Trainer will then advise students/staff on how the
OC exposure and decontamination process will be carried out. There
will be a safe area already identified by the lead instructor/AT
where exposure will take place. Safety partners will already be
pre-identified. The lead/AT instructor will then start the exposure
2 staff at a time. Once they are exposed, the staff will be led by
their safety partner to the bag holder area. The staff will then
need to deliver a 3 combination strike to the bag utilizing the
proper verbalization skills. Then the safety partners will lead
them to the decontamination area. Exposure will be with the intent
to foster learning of OC effects and emphasize the importance of
verbalization skills by the user, NOT TO INCAPACITATE THE
STUDENT
Exposure by DOC, DCC instructors is required. Prior OC exposures
outside of DOC Does not meet the minimum requirement to
successfully complete this training program.
Summary/ Conclusion So, let’s review what we’ve done today. Today
we have discussed The policies and procedures governing the use of
OC within DCC. Administrative Directive #16-04 and #16-05. We have
also talked about the Electronic Case Reference Manual (ECRM) and
you have each demonstrated with beginning proficiency the ability
to accurately draw and dispense OC spray at a specified target. You
have experienced the effects of OC through exposure and assisted
with the decontamination of one another. The successful completion
of this course allows to carry OC while performing your duties as
an employee of DCC. OC is only one tool on your belt. Don’t forget
you have many other tools available to you. The most important one
being your mouth. What you say and how you say it will many times
determine what tool is necessary next. Thank you for your
attention. Questions?
1 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Division of Management Services
DOC-544A (Rev. 4/01)
WISCONSIN
Lesson Title 2018 DCC POSC 1- Day Training
Presentation Guide Notes to Trainer Introduction Good morning and
welcome to your 2018 POSC, Principles of Subject Control training!
(Introduce yourself) Let’s cover housekeeping issues first.
• Review Roster and Attendance • Questions = Staff Development
Specialist Gary Drye at
[email protected]. • Location of Emergency exits, First Aid
Kit, gloves • Location of rest rooms, and logistics of
location
This training is in place because there are inherent dangers
associated with supervising offenders. POSC will provide you with
tools and skill training to minimize risks to self and others when
faced with potentially dangerous situations. Before I start, I
would like to tell you a bit about myself and have the other POSC
trainers introduce themselves.
o Print a Roster for sign in, o Have packets contaning:
o Training Safety Rules o First Responders
Philoshopy Questionaire o Disturbance Resolution
Model o Evaluation o Blank DOC-1960 o Well-written Incident
Report for exercise o Questions for Incident
Report Exercise o Handcuffing
o Have supply of gloves sm/med/lg/xlg
o Point out First Aid Kit o Whenever possible set the
classroom up in a “U” shape to better facilitate
discussion/participation.
o Begin class @ 08:30hrs. o Briefly explain your qualifications o
Introduce co-facilitators and allow
them to briefly address the group. o If anyone is uncomfortable
being a
subject of a custody in role plays or scenario please speak to an
trainer on break. **After this conversation, trainers should
communicate with other trainers the subject’s concern, in private
& outside of classroom.
Training Safety Rules I have given each of you a copy of the
Training Safety Rules. Prior to allowing you to participate in the
physical aspects of this training, I must collect a signed copy of
these rules from each of you. Please print your name at the top of
the page where instructed and follow along as I read
o Have each person in attendance a copy of the Training Safety
Rules. Once everyone has a copy, read these rules to the
group.
these rules aloud. If you have questions about a rule or don’t
understand something, stop me and bring it to my attention. I will
do what I can to clarify. (READ ALL RULES ALOUD) If you understand
the rules, sign and date on the back where instructed. As stated in
the Training Safety Rules there will be multiple wellness checks
throughout the day. A wellness check is an opportunity for us as
instructors to attempt to identify any physical issues that may
arise throughout the day. Should you become injured during the
training please do not suffer in silence. Bring your injury to the
attention of an instructor immediately. This first wellness check
is to identify any pre-existing injuries or limitations. I am going
to ask each of you if you are physically ok to participate in
today’s training with no limitations. Thumbs up means that you
acknowledge you are fit to participate in all aspects of todays
training. Thumbs down implies you have concerns about your ability
to participate. Any person with thumbs down is required to meet
with an instructor prior to participating in any of the physical
portions of todays training. Okay, let’s do the wellness check now:
Thumbs up to acknowledge you are fit to participate in all aspects
of todays training. Thumbs down implies that you have concerns
about your ability to participate.
o Collect signed Training Safety Rules from all in attendance. No
one may participate in training without signing the Training Safety
Rules.
Expectaions: Competency Based Training Today’s training is
competency based. To achieve competency you must be able to perform
a return demonstration of all skills/techniques as trained and
complete the OC policy quiz. All techniques will be trained
following a specific format of; Demonstration, Explanation, By the
numbers and slow for form.
As per A.D. 12-05 POSC/IO Training Standards; If an existing
employee participates in an annual POSC/InterventionOptions
training and does not meet competency requirements, the employee
will be allowed to repeat the training two times before the end of
the current calendar year in an effort to meet competency
requirements. If existing employee does not meet competency
requirements after the third attempt, the employee will be
scheduled for a 6 hour, individual tutoring session, with a
certified DCC POSC Instructor in an effort to bring employee up to
mandated compliance standards. If existing employee still does not
meet competency requirements after the individual tutoring session
with a DCC certified POSC Instructor, notice will be provided to
the Administrator for further review. You will know if you have or
have not achieved competency prior to leaving today. It is our goal
as Instructors to see each of you achieve competency. All persons
in attendance are expected to demonstrate an appropriate attitude
and participate with all aspects of the training. Participation is
not
3
optional. Any persons failing to participate or demonstrating a
poor or negative attitude will be asked to leave and will not be
allowed to retake the training until after they have met with a
Staff Development Specialist POSC Instructor and their Supervisor.
No portion of today’s training may be retaken by itself. If for
some reason you must leave training prior to the end of the day you
will be required to retake the entire day.
Performance Objectives By the end of this training, you will be
able to:
1. Identify the components of a properly worded Incident Report 2.
Perform Passive Counter-Measure Techniques with beginning
proficiency 3. Perform Handcuffing techniques with beginning
proficiency 4. Perform custody events with beginning
proficiency
Trainee Introductions Now I would like to learn a little bit about
you. What your name is, where you work and any expectations you may
have for todays training.
o Begin participant introductions with someone in the front of the
classroom and systematically work your way around the room allowing
each person an opportunity to speak. Address their concerns as they
are introduced.
POSC: Who remembers what it is? POSC is the acronym for Principles
Of Subject Control. It is a system of verbalization skills coupled
with physical alternatives. The POSC system incorporates physical
control/stabilization or disengaging alternatives for those times
when words alone will not suffice. In any conflict or crisis you
are permitted to disengage and or escalate in order to take proper
action. Proper staff action is a balance of safety and efficiency
coupled with past practice, policy & procedure and staff
training. In order for your actions to be justifiable they must be
in compliance with the current DOC/DCC “Use of Force” policy.
The use of force policy reads: “Whenever feasible, field staff will
rely on law enforcement authorities to exercise force against
offenders. If law enforcement is not available, techniques learned
in (POSC) Principles of Subject Control/Intervention Options
training should be exercised. Prior to engaging in the use of
force, staff must make a determination that the use of force is
both justifiable and desirable as trained in POSC.” Whenever force
is used all persons involved must complete incident reports in WICS
(Wisconsin Intergrated Corrections System). One Use of Force Review
form (DOC-1960B) per incident must be completed. As the DCC Use of
Force Committee reviews each situation, a key part of their review
is intended to identify areas in which training can be improved.
There may be times when actual situations are reviewed in training.
When discussing these situations, we will not identify the staff
involved by name.
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If you were involved or know the individuals involved, please do
not publicly identify those involved. Report Writing Skills: How to
Use FRP & DRM Our focus this morning will be on building our
report writing skills Using the First Responder Philosophy &
Dristurbance Resolution Model. Let’s take a few minutes to review
them now. The First Responders Philosophy outlines the proper way
for correctional personnel to respond to emergency situations.
First Responder Philosophy
o Arrive - Become aware of the emergency o Assess - Determine the
type of emergency
• Disturbance • Fire • Medical • Miscellaneous
o Alarm - How did you summon help o Evaluate - Look for hidden
dangers. o Enter
• Formulate a plan and enter when it is appropriate to do so. o
Stabilize- The Subject(s) and the scene o Initial Medical
Assessment
Determine Responsiveness Check for Obvious Signs of Life Perform a
Body Check Treatment to your level of training Continue to
monitor
o Long-Term Monitoring • Stay close and watch closely until the
offender is turned
over to another entity or you are relieved by someone with higher
authority.
o Communication • Communication is the effective sending and
receiving of
information and should be occurring throughout the intervention.
Begin by communicating inward out with those persons present and
continuing with those that arrive (on a need to know basis).
o Documentation/Debriefing - WICS / 1960b
o Briefly review both First Resonder Philosophy and Disturbance
Rosolution Model in preparation for report writing review.
Have a discussion about debriefing after an incident. What does
this mean? What support do we have as staff? We have our Correction
Field Supervisor, the custody team and Life Matters.
Disturbance Resolution Model (DMR) • Approach Considerations •
Intervention Options • Follow-through Considerations
Approach Considerations is the first phase of Disturbance
Resolution. In your initial approach to a correctional disturbance
emergency, you need to do three things: •Decision Making: Make a
contact decision •Tactical Deployment: Position yourself &
others •Tactical Evaluation: Evaluate the threat level Decision
Making When you are considering making contact with subjects
involved in a
5
disturbance, you must first answer two questions: 1. Is contact
legally justified? Your authority is limited by your
position description. 2. Is contact desirable at this time? While
you may be justified in
acting it may not be desirable. Proper staff action is a balance of
safety and efficiency. You control the moment of impact! Always
assess and plan prior to entering!
Correctional staff can initiate contact with offenders at any time
to achieve a legitimate correctional objective. A correctional
professional must, however, decide if a decision to make contact
with a subject is reasonable and for a legitimate correctional
purpose. If a correctional professional cannot justify the decision
then their subsequent actions may be deemed inappropriate or even
criminal. The second question—deciding whether contact with a
subject is desirable. The answer depends upon the nature of each
individual situation. Remember it is our policy to defer all
aggression to law enforcement when feasible.
Remember that in an office setting certain factors may influence
the need for application of physical force. For example,
• Is it possible to isolate the area in which a disturbance is
taking place?
• Is it possible to resolve a situation through presence and
dialogue rather than applying physical force to gain or regain
control?
• Is it possible to wait out a situation, rather than intervening
immediately.
• Is it feasible to resolve a situation through a show of force,
rather than by the actual application of force?
• Is it possible to consult a supervisor before acting?
Tactical Deployment Tactical Deployment is the second step in
Approach Considerations. Tactical deployment refers to how you
position yourself and other staff to best achieve and maintain
control in a disturbance and ensure staff and subject safety.
Tactical Deployment consists of three components:
• control of distance • relative positioning • team tactics
Control of Distance – Control of distance, sometimes called
proxemics, is important because your ability to control the
distance between you and a subject affects your safety and that of
others.
Unless suddenly assaulted, you control the moment of impact.
Relative positioning Another issue in tactical deployment is
relative positioning, meaning the positioning of your body in
relation to a subject or subjects. Relative positioning is
described in terms of a system of five relative positions, each of
which has particular advantages or disadvantages8. These six
positions are 1. Inside- This should generally be avoided, because
it makes an
individual person to vulnerable to attack by a subject.
Relative Positioning: It is very helpful to demonstrate relative
positioning for the class. Having the visual is very useful for
trainees. Ask for volunteers and have one
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2. Level 1 - Directly in front of the subject out of arms reach 3.
Level 1 ½ - best for frontal approach to a subject 4. Level 2 - The
subject usually repositions him/herself 5. Level 2 ½ - This is the
best escort position. This is the cover agent
position during routine custody 6. Level 3 – Usually for emergency
cuffing. This position is best for
decentralizing subjects.
I am going to demonstrate this for the class. I need some
volunteers to do so. Team Tactics – The third component in tactical
deployment in POSC is the use of team tactics, meaning planned
responses involving two or more staff. The advantage of using team
tactics is that it enhances staff safety and coordination.
person be an offender. He/she can sit in a chair. Other agents can
assume the different levels.
Team tactics can be employed in many ways in response to
disturbance emergencies. For example, two common methods are:
• Contact-cover • Bracketing
Contact-cover refers to using one staff member (the contact person)
to make contact with the subject while the other (the cover person)
provides cover both for himself or herself and the contact person.
Bracketing is a variation of contact-cover, used in close quarters.
The cover person takes a position at level 2½ with respect to the
subject while the contact person is positioned at level 1.
Tactical Evaluation Tactical evaluation is the third component in
Approach Considerations. Tactical evaluation involves your
assessing potential hazards in the contact during a disturbance
emergency. You then decide the proper action to ensure safety and
security and to achieve and maintain control. Proper action
requires you to: Remain alert, Be decisive and Have a pre-planned
tactical response in mind
More specifically, your tactical evaluation should take into
account four factors: 1. Threat Assessment Opportunities
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2. Staff/subject factors 3. Special circumstances 4.
Level/stage/degree of stabilization Threat Assessment Opportunities
Threat assessment opportunities include a variety of indicators you
might notice during a contact that could allow you to predict that
a subject is going to become assaultive. The better you can predict
a possible assault, the better you can protect yourself. Five
factors to consider as part of Threat Assessment Opportunities
are:
• levels of resistance • early warning signs • pre-attack postures
• indicators of emotional disturbance • weapon control
Staff/Subject factors Staff/subject factors refers how you “match
up” to the subject or subjects in terms of number of participants
and individual characteristics. The number of participants is
clearly important. How many staff is there compared to the number
of subjects? Naturally, if you are outnumbered, your perceived
threat level will be higher than if staff members outnumber
subjects. Individual characteristics refer to the relative
capabilities of staff and subject. We consider four: relative ages,
relative strength, relative size, and relative skill levels. You
should consider these factors both individually and in combination.
Special circumstances is the third component of Tactical
Evaluation. It refers to a variety of circumstances that may affect
your evaluation of threat in a given situation, and thus affect
your decision as to proper action. Special circumstances include
the following:
• Your reasonable perception of the threat. • Sudden assault. •
Physical positioning. • Subject’s ability to escalate force
rapidly. • Special knowledge about the subject. • Injury or
exhaustion.
Level / Stage / Degree of Stabilization Intervention Options is the
second phase of Disturbance Resolution. Intervention Options are
divided into five modes. They are:
1. Presence: To present a visible display of authority Presence is
especially important when taking offenders into custody. Having an
adequate number of staff present and in position prior to the
offender being brought into the custody staging area can often
deter the offender from becoming resistive.
2. Dialogue: To verbally persuade. This is your most important
skill in your tool box; the one that you will use the most. You are
expected to use verbalization throughout your interactions with
your offenders.
Disturbance Resolution Model (DMR)
• Approach Considerations • Intervention Options • Follow-through
Considerations
Dialogue: The more emotional a situation is, the more difficult it
will be for subjects to concentrate on your words. Keep your words
clear and neutral.
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Search Talk: “Hello, I’m Agent Jones. I’m going to be seeing you
today on behalf of your agent. Are you ready for your office
visit”
Persuasive Talk: “Sir, would you mind stepping over here?” Light
Control: “Sir, you need to relax” or “Show me your hands”,
or “Step out of the office, sir” Heavy Control: “Get down on the
ground NOW”
**Also remember back to our 2017 POSC update training where we
spent a lot of time on LEAPS, SAFER and the Tactical 5 & 8
Steps. These are all examples of types of dialogue we can have with
our offenders. LEAPS= Listen, Empathise, Ask, Paraphrase and
Summary SAFER= Security, Attack, Flight, Excessive Repetition,
Revised Priorities Tactical 5 Step 1. Ask 2. Set Context (Policy,
Reason, Understand) 3. Present Options (Good First) 4. Confirm
Non-Compliance 5. ACT-(Disengage and/or Escalate) © 2008 Verbal
Judo® Tactical 8 Step 1. Appropriate Greeting w/ name if known 2.
Identify Self (if needed) 3. Explain Reason For The Contact 4. Ask
a relevant question. 5. Ask for Identification(if needed) 6.
Additional Information 7. Decision Stage 8. Appropriate Close ©
2008 Verbal Judo®
3. Control Alternatives: To overcome passive resistance, active
resistance, or their threats.
4. Protective Alternatives: To overcome continued resistance,
assaultive behavior, or their threats.
5. Deadly Force: The purpose of deadly force is to stop the threat.
The definition of deadly force is: “Force which the user reasonably
believes would create a substantial risk of causing death or great
bodily injury to another”
It is important to understand that you can escalate a situation if
you do certain nonverbal actions. These include using inappropriate
facial expressions that convey disgust, sarcasm, condescension, or
similar attitudes and physical actions such as crowding a person,
pointing the “parental finger” at him or her; and inappropriate
touching. You can also escalate a situation through verbal actions
such as using profanities, using certain “buzz” words, and giving
verbal parting shots to a person. Inappropriate verbal actions are
sometimes referred to as P.O.P. (Provoke Other People) actions. To
do these things is unprofessional and is contrary to your best
interests and those of your fellow staff members. Your job is to do
what you need to do to control people and situations as quickly and
efficiently as possible— not to unnecessarily make things worse
than they are and cause further problems. FROM ECRM: DEADLY FORCE
Deadly force may not be used by field staff against offenders
except to prevent death or great bodily injury to oneself or
another. Deadly force may not be used by field staff if its use
creates a substantial danger or harm to innocent third parties,
unless the danger created by not using such force is greater than
the danger created by using it.
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Follow-through Considerations Follow-through considerations are the
third phases of Disturbance Resolution. Follow-through
Considerations include: 1. Stabilization through application of
restraints 2. Monitor/Debrief
Whenever a person is in your custody, you are responsible for the
subject’s health, safety, and well-being. When you monitor and
debrief a subject, you are carrying out this duty. Monitoring
simply means paying attention and being aware of the subject’s
condition and any changes in that condition.
3.Search - Prior to escorting/transporting a subject in custody the
must be “Pat Searched” Whenever possible, the offender shall be
searched by staff of the same gender. If only opposite gender staff
are available, another staff shall observe the search.
Transgendered, transsexual, or intersex offenders may be searched
by female staff or the offender may be asked to indicate which
gender staff is preferred to perform the search. 3. Escort 4.
Transport The custody team shall accompany the escort from
stabilization location to the transport vehicle.
1. Transport 2. Turn-over through removal of restraints
This concludes the review of the First Responders Philosophy and
the Disturbance Resolution Model. Are there any questions? Moving
ahead let’s dive into “Incident Report Requirements”!
Disturbance Resolution Model (DMR)
• Approach Considerations • Intervention Options •
Follow-through
Considerations Search Males search males Females search females
Transgendered, transsexual, or intersex offenders may be searched
by female staff or the offender may be asked to indicate which
gender staff is preferred to perform the search Also keep in mind
these search guidelines:
o Always be thorough and systematic, searching from top to
bottom.
o Remember to follow standard precautions, including wearing
protective gloves.
o Search from Position 2 ½ or 3. o Look before touching. o Always
watch for weapons,
sharp objects, and possible instruments of escape. If you find a
weapon, assume there is another and try to find it.
o Search with the subject’s feet wide apart and knees bent. Use the
inner edge of your hand (thumb side) for searching sensitive
areas.
o Always have another POSC trained staff present and
observing.
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Incident Report Requirements: Per AD 17-05: All situations
requiring the use of force beyond dialogue are required to be
reviewed. Agents involved in a use of force situation must complete
a WICS Incident Report within 1 working day. Staff must complete
section A of the Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B). Report is to be
forwarded to CFS within 1 working day for proper review. Staff
should utilize the language from the First Responder Philosophy and
Disturbance Resolution model to complete their report. Staff need
to write their own report and not copy/paste from any other staff
member that was involved in the incident. Each staff member
involved in an incident must complete an incident report. In
reviewing incident reports over the years, we realize that
providing staff with a detailed method of completing them may be of
benefit to the department. Incident reports should justify your
actions with court defensibility. These reports can be the subject
of open records, and they also can identify trends in Use of Force
responses.
Discuss DCC Administrative Directive with class.
Incident Report Group Exercise You all have a copy of a well
written incident report and a set of questions in the packet that
we handed out this morning. Please find that now. Take 10 minutes
to read the incident report and answer the questions for the
incident report. (These are also in your packet) Our goal is to
show how a well written report justifies our actions. After 10
minutes: Debrief Ask: How does using the First Responders
Philosophy (FRP) when writing an incident report help ensure that
all needed information is included in your report? Ask: How might
you use the FRP in the future when writing Incident Reports? Ask:
Our Use of Force committee reviews every Use of Force Incident
Report written. What are important pieces of information for them
to have? Are there any questions that you have about Incident
Reports?
Hand out incident report/questions Review as a group Read each
question and call on persons in attendance to answer.
First break Before we take a break, I’d like to remind you that I
need to speak to
If any trainee gave you a “thumbs down” check with them on first
break.
11
anyone who gave a “thumbs down” during the wellness check during
this break.
If trainee says something like “I have a bad shoulder”, Politely
remind the employee that full participation and competent
completion of POSC is an annual requirement. They can stay fully
participate and monitor how they feel, or they can leave and
discuss other options with their supervisor. (The employee is
required to perform a return demonstration of trained techniques.
They are not required to have the techniques done to them.)
Tactical Warm-up/Stretch All right now we will warm up our bodies
and stretch. Let’s begin by jogging in place. (3- 5 minutes) Ok
stop jogging and follow along with me as I lead us through our
stretches. Overhead stretch-Side Bends Side bends.
o Reach toward the ceiling with both arms fully extended. o Grab
your right wrist with your left hand and bend toward your
left side gently pulling your right arm with your left hand. o
Again, this time secure your left wrist with your right hand
and
gently pull while bending toward your right.
Shoulder-neck stretch (shrug) Neck Stretch
o Turn your head to the left and tilt it down toward the
floor.
o Turn your head to the Right and tilt it down toward the
floor.
o Turn your head to the center and tilt it down toward the
floor.
o Now roll your head two times in each direction. Next up 10
Shoulder Rolls. 5 to the rear and 5 to the front. Begin with me
and:
o One raise them high, squeeze and roll to the rear. And Two,
Three, Four and Five.
o Now forward; o One raise them high squeeze and roll forward. And
Two, Three,
Four and Five.
• Ensure that all persons are present and participating. Lead the
group through their warm up and all the stretches. Begin by jogging
in place. Pump your forearms up and down and reach over your head
while you jog.
Continue to jog for three to five minutes.
• Hold each stretch for about 10 seconds.
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o Now reach your left arm across your torso and pull it in toward
you with your right forearm.
o Repeat on your right arm.
Toe touches (at least once or twice on each side) o We will begin
by assuming a stance wider than shoulder length
apart. o Keeping your back straight, bend at the waist. o Stay low
and go to your left leg. o Stay low and go to your right leg. o Go
back to your center. Flatten your back, take in a deep breath
and
when you exhale lower your torso closer to the floor. o Staying low
narrow your stance about half way. o Again flatten your back and
take in a deep breath and when you
exhale lower your torso closer to the floor. o Staying low narrow
your stance about half way. o Again flatten your back and take in a
deep breath and when you
exhale lower your torso closer to the floor. o Close your stance o
Unwind your spine coming up slowly.
Hamstring stretch While seated on the ground, pull one leg into the
groin area and straighten the other and stretch arms and fingers to
toe tips. Alternate each leg a two times. Calf stretch Stand with
your feet slightly wider than shoulder width. Take a couple of
steps forward with your left leg keeping your right foot flat on
the ground with your toes pointing in the forward direction. Now
with a wide forward stance bend your left leg, but do not let your
knee extend past your toes. You should feel a stretch in your right
thigh and calf. Now let’s switch sides and do the same for our
other leg. This time you should feel a stretch in your left thigh
and calf. Roll out your wrists a couple of times in each direction.
Roll out your left ankle and now your right Take a minute to get a
drink of water. This is not a break we are going to begin in just a
couple of minutes.
Toe touches (at least once or twice on each side) • Raise your
torso so that your chest
is parallel to the floor to demonstrate flattening your back.
• Again demonstrate how to flatten your back.
• Demonstrate by raising your torso to the upright position very
slowly.
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Control Alternatives/ Protective Alternatives Now we are going to
review the Blanket/Escort/Hug yourself/come-along with wall
stabilization techniques. These techniques are the best practices
approach when attempting to stabilize a combative subject. If the
decision has been made to go hands on you are expected to intervene
using techniques as trained in POSC. Now we’re going to the floor
to practice. When you get there get into groups of three persons of
similar size whom you are comfortable with . Technique Technique
Command 1. Blanket the arm 1. Defensive stance (verbalize) (Gentle
laying on of hands 2. Blanket the arm (verbalize) at the elbow). 3.
Be prepared to disengage and/or escalate. 4. Scan and breath 5.
Continue follow through Make sure that you stabilize the offender’s
leg against the wall.
2. Escort position 1. Defensive stance (police escort hold) 2.
Blanket the arm 3. Outside hand slides down the arm
4. Outside hand controls the wrist 5. Bring subject’s arm to center
6. Be prepared to disengage and/or escalate 7. Scan and
breathe
8. Continue follow through Let’s get back to our seats.
** Prior to going to the floor, demonstrate the techniques to the
class with explanation of steps. o Get the class into groups of 3
of
similar height. o Perform each technique by the
number 3 times then rotate until each person in the group has had
an opportunity to perform the technique.
o Allow them to practice “slow and to form” with a wall.
o Make sure that you stress the importance of stabilizing
offender’s leg to the wall with your knee.
Compliance Holds. We are now going to talk about Compliance Holds.
Compliance holds may be used in an attempt to overcome passive
resistance from an offender. Proper techniques: Come-along (wrist
lock). Compression holds. Compliance holds.
Note: The difference between a Compression Hold and a Compliance
Hold is the amount of pressure the staff member exerts on the
subject's wrist.
Okay, let’s get back in your groups and practice this on the
floor.
Demonstrate compliance holds in front of class prior to them
getting into their groups again.
Come-along We are now going to practice the Come-along technique.
Here Christina wants to put the definition of Come-along from page
52 of POSC manual
14
This technique may be used if the offender continues to struggle
after application of the blanket/escort hold it may be necessary to
advance to the come-along hold in an effort to quell the
aggression.
1. Defensive stance 2. Blanket the arm 3. Escort position 4. Wrist
up 5. Elbow back 6. Inside hand around 7. Outside hand on top 8.
Slide elbow to center 9. Apply pressure (verbalize), if appropriate
10. Release pressure, when appropriate 11. Be prepared to disengage
and/or escalate 12. Scan and breath 13. Continue follow
through
Come-along to rear escort for application of handcuffs We are now
going to practice the Come-along to rear escort for application of
handcuffs. This technique would be used to apply handcuffs to the
restrained individual if he/she is going into custody. The way that
we perform this technique is: 1) With your outside hand you would
secure the offender’s elbow in a
pincer grip 2) Your inside hand rolls downward along an arc
bringing the offenders
hand to the rear of the offender. 3) You would continue to secure
the offender with your outside hand in a
pincer grip at elbow and your inside hand (palm over the back of
the offenders) in a rear escort hold.
Note: Come-along compliance holds are typically used as Control
Alternatives. Though not as typical, a come-along hold could also
be used as a Protective Alternative. As in the example noted above
for escort holds, staff may still be able to place a come-along
hold on a potentially assaultive subject if staffs’ advantages of
size, strength and numbers were significant enough to still safely
stabilize and control the subject. If the staff members do not have
enough of an advantage they should either disengage or escalate to
other tactics. Are there any questions?
Handcuffing Now we will be reviewing the policies around the use of
restraints, and
15
proper procedural techniques of handcuffing. We will be following
ECRM Manual Standards. ECRM Manual Standards for restraints We are
going to review what is in the Electronic Reference Case Manual
(ECRM) regarding Restraints. This information can be found by
looking in the violation section of the ERCM. The general statement
in the ECRM says: “It is a requirement to restrain offenders who
are being taken into custody or transported while in custody. In
other cases, where there is doubt regarding the use of restraints,
they should be utilized for the safety of all concerned. When an
offender is in custody, agents are responsible for the safety of
the offender, as well as themselves. Agents must be made aware that
merely handcuffing does not render a prisoner harmless. Arms,
although cuffed together, are still effective weapons. The agent
must be especially alert in applying or removing securing devices,
since this is a likely time for an offender to attempt escape”. The
ECRM states that “Mechanical restraints are limited to handcuffs,
handcuffs with restraining chain, and/or leg restraints. Only
restraints provided by the employer may be utilized”. No agent may
use their own restraints.
USE OF RESTRAINTS Mechanical restraints may only be used in the
following circumstances: a. To protect staff or others from an
offender who poses an immediate
ri