IN VITRO CONSERVATION IN VITRO CONSERVATION OF THREATENED PLANTSOF THREATENED PLANTS

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P.SivagurunathanP.Sivagurunathan

II M.sc Environmental BiotechnologyII M.sc Environmental Biotechnology

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

What is threatened species.What is threatened species. In vitro conservation.In vitro conservation. In vitro conservation in tissue culture.In vitro conservation in tissue culture. Uses of in vitro conservation.Uses of in vitro conservation. Advantage of invitro conservation.Advantage of invitro conservation. Disadvantage of in-vitro conservation.Disadvantage of in-vitro conservation.

WHAT IS THREATENED SPECIES?WHAT IS THREATENED SPECIES?

A species believe to be at A species believe to be at significantsignificant

risk of extinction in the risk of extinction in the forseeable forseeable

future,because of future,because of stochastic, deterministic stochastic, deterministic

or both factors or by or both factors or by virtue of inherent rarityvirtue of inherent rarity..

Ex;Origanum Ex;Origanum dictamus etc,.dictamus etc,.

In vitro conservationIn vitro conservation

Conservation of plant germplasm through Conservation of plant germplasm through micropropagation or storage of synseeds, micropropagation or storage of synseeds, embryos, buds, or meristems is known as embryos, buds, or meristems is known as invitro conservationinvitro conservation

Invitropropagation also has arole in the Invitropropagation also has arole in the exsitu management of threatened speicesexsitu management of threatened speices

It can be useful when seeds or spores are It can be useful when seeds or spores are not available because they are not produced not available because they are not produced by the plant sufficient.by the plant sufficient.

IN VITRO CULUTRE METHODIN VITRO CULUTRE METHOD

It is an endemic & endangerd promeliad from atlantic forest.It is an endemic & endangerd promeliad from atlantic forest.

Adventious shoot from nodule clusters cultures of Vrieseo Adventious shoot from nodule clusters cultures of Vrieseo reitzii . reitzii .

Induction of V. reitzii nodule cultures from basal region of Induction of V. reitzii nodule cultures from basal region of leaves inoculated in culture medium free of PGR .leaves inoculated in culture medium free of PGR .

the transference of these cultures to MS medium with GA3 the transference of these cultures to MS medium with GA3 promoted the multiplication of adventious shoots , and the promoted the multiplication of adventious shoots , and the development of plantlets.development of plantlets.

plantlets higher than 2.5cm were acclimatized. There plantlets higher than 2.5cm were acclimatized. There results open new possibilities for the promeliad mass results open new possibilities for the promeliad mass propagation and conservation.propagation and conservation.

It is an endemic & endangerd promeliad from atlantic forest.It is an endemic & endangerd promeliad from atlantic forest.

Adventious shoot from nodule clusters cultures of Vrieseo Adventious shoot from nodule clusters cultures of Vrieseo reitzii . reitzii .

Induction of V. reitzii nodule cultures from basal region of Induction of V. reitzii nodule cultures from basal region of leaves inoculated in culture medium free of PGR .leaves inoculated in culture medium free of PGR .

the transference of these cultures to MS medium with GA3 the transference of these cultures to MS medium with GA3 promoted the multiplication of adventious shoots , and the promoted the multiplication of adventious shoots , and the development of plantlets.development of plantlets.

plantlets higher than 2.5cm were acclimatized. There plantlets higher than 2.5cm were acclimatized. There results open new possibilities for the promeliad mass results open new possibilities for the promeliad mass propagation and conservation.propagation and conservation.

Propagation of Vrieseo reitzii.Propagation of Vrieseo reitzii.

Uses of invitro conservationUses of invitro conservation

Tissue culture lines that are used to propagate Tissue culture lines that are used to propagate threatened taxa should be preserved for future use.threatened taxa should be preserved for future use.

A number of threatened species of seed plants have A number of threatened species of seed plants have been propagated through tissue culture to provide been propagated through tissue culture to provide materials for ex-situ population, research and materials for ex-situ population, research and reintroduction,reintroduction,

Because invitro propagation can provide only clonal Because invitro propagation can provide only clonal material , material ,

It is dealing with threatened taxa to maintain as much It is dealing with threatened taxa to maintain as much diversity as possible through the propagation process.diversity as possible through the propagation process.

In-vitro technique have been used successfully In-vitro technique have been used successfully with a numer of species ,both tropical with a numer of species ,both tropical &temperate region.&temperate region.

It is could be useful tool for collecting It is could be useful tool for collecting germplasm from pteritophyte gametophyte and germplasm from pteritophyte gametophyte and bryophyte sporophyte for exsitu conservation.bryophyte sporophyte for exsitu conservation.

Advantage of Advantage of in-vitroin-vitro conservation conservation

Most of in vitro methods have several Most of in vitro methods have several advantage ,such as advantage ,such as

Grater safety from viral attack,Grater safety from viral attack,

Lower cost,Lower cost,

Accomodation for larger numberAccomodation for larger number 1500 wild taxa have been stored in invitro in 1500 wild taxa have been stored in invitro in

various institutions around the world.various institutions around the world.

Dis advandage of invitro conservationDis advandage of invitro conservation

Invitro storage is labour intensive and costly.Invitro storage is labour intensive and costly. Since subculturing is necessary at regular intervals to Since subculturing is necessary at regular intervals to

test viability of stored tissuetest viability of stored tissue The annual average total cost for conservation for one The annual average total cost for conservation for one

acession is estimated to be $82.92.acession is estimated to be $82.92. The risk of somoclonal variations that develop under The risk of somoclonal variations that develop under

invitro condition. invitro condition. Very rarely callus are stored in invitro. Very rarely callus are stored in invitro.