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In The Name of God The Merciful. Transporting Infectious Substances. Dr. Rana Amini Reference Health Laboratory. Sender. General Population. Environment. Receiver. Carrier. Who is responsible?. Shipper. Safety is your responsibility, today more than ever!. The Basis. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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In The Name of God The Merciful
Transporting Infectious Transporting Infectious SubstancesSubstances
Dr. Rana Amini Dr. Rana Amini Reference Health LaboratoryReference Health Laboratory
Sender
ReceiverEnvironment
GeneralPopulation
Carrier
ShipperShipper
Safety is your responsibility, today more than ever!
The BasisThe Basis
• Proper Proper • PackagingPackaging• PackingPacking• LabelingLabeling• MarkingMarking• DocumentationDocumentation
Highest level of Safety in Transportation
The needed speed in Transportation
Highest level of Protection
• UN model regulationsUN model regulations• ICAOICAO• IATAIATA• WHOWHO
• National restrictions and National restrictions and regulationsregulations
Mode of transportMode of transport
• Air (The most restrict)Air (The most restrict)• RailRail• Road Road • MarineMarine
RoadRoad
• Local surface transportLocal surface transport• Transport of specimen fromTransport of specimen from
• doctor’s office to labdoctor’s office to lab• Hospital to diagnostic labHospital to diagnostic lab• One lab to anotherOne lab to another
Countries are encouraged to adopt the provisional UN model regulations In all National legislations for road transport.
PrinciplePrinciple
• The principle of transport is that The principle of transport is that the material should not have any the material should not have any possibility of escaping from the possibility of escaping from the package under normal conditions package under normal conditions of transport.of transport.
Hazard ClassesHazard Classes
1)1) ExplosivesExplosives2)2) GasesGases3)3) Flammable LiquidsFlammable Liquids4)4) Flammable solidsFlammable solids5)5) Oxidizing SubstancesOxidizing Substances6)6) Toxic and infectious substances and organic Toxic and infectious substances and organic
peroxideperoxide1)1) Division 6.1-Toxic substancesDivision 6.1-Toxic substances2)2) Division 6.2-Infectious substancesDivision 6.2-Infectious substances
7)7) Radioactive MaterialRadioactive Material8)8) CorrosivesCorrosives9)9) MiscellaneousMiscellaneous
Infectious substanceInfectious substance
• Are substances which are known or Are substances which are known or are reasonably expected to contain are reasonably expected to contain pathogens.pathogens.
• Pathogens are : defined as Pathogens are : defined as microorganisms( including microorganisms( including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) and even prions.parasites, fungi) and even prions.
Exceptions:Exceptions:
• Dried blood spot, collected by applying a Dried blood spot, collected by applying a drop of blood onto absorbent materialdrop of blood onto absorbent material
• Faecal occult blood screening test Faecal occult blood screening test • Blood or blood components to be used Blood or blood components to be used
for transfusionfor transfusion• Tissue or organs to be used for Tissue or organs to be used for
transplantationtransplantation• Neutralized or inactivated pathogensNeutralized or inactivated pathogens• Non-pathogen microorganismsNon-pathogen microorganisms• ……
Basic triple Packaging SystemBasic triple Packaging System
Basic triple Packaging SystemBasic triple Packaging System
• Primary ReceptaclePrimary Receptacle• Secondary PackagingSecondary Packaging• Outer PackagingOuter Packaging
Primary ReceptaclesPrimary Receptacles
• Must be water –tight (leak proof). Must be water –tight (leak proof). Glass, metal or plastic.Glass, metal or plastic.
• A water-tight , leak proof seal must A water-tight , leak proof seal must be used, caps must be secured by be used, caps must be secured by means such as paraffin sealing tapemeans such as paraffin sealing tape
• Note: for lyophilized substances Note: for lyophilized substances either flame sealed glass ampoules either flame sealed glass ampoules or rubber-stoppered glass vials with or rubber-stoppered glass vials with metal sealmetal seal
Secondary PackagingSecondary Packaging
• Water-tightWater-tight• Contain sufficient absorbent Contain sufficient absorbent
material to absorb the entire material to absorb the entire contentcontent
• Multiple primary receptacles may Multiple primary receptacles may either be wrapped individually or either be wrapped individually or separated to prevent conatct separated to prevent conatct between the conatiners.between the conatiners.
Outer PackagingOuter Packaging
• Must be rigidMust be rigid• Withstand several specific testsWithstand several specific tests• Resistant to waterResistant to water
Marking and labelingMarking and labeling
• DurableDurable• On the external surfaceOn the external surface• Readily visibleReadily visible• Able to withstand weather Able to withstand weather
exposureexposure• Proper name , address and Proper name , address and
telephone of the shippertelephone of the shipper
TrainingTraining
FamiliarizationFamiliarization
Job specificJob specific
www.iata.orgwww.iata.org
Bio-securityBio-security
Refers to institutuional and Refers to institutuional and personal security measures personal security measures
designed to prevent the loss, designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse or intentional theft, misuse or intentional release of pathogens and release of pathogens and
toxinstoxins
Biosafety and Biosafety and BiosecurityBiosecurity
Appropriate policies and measures applied to minimize relevant biological risks
(Minimize the risks don’t waste time debating the definitions)
Risk assessment and PolicyRisk assessment and PolicyFor ex. Polio For ex. Polio
Biological threats Biological threats to:to:
•Agriculture, fisheries & forestsAgriculture, fisheries & forests
•Natural resources Natural resources
•International and domestic tradeInternational and domestic trade
•Tourism & LifestyleTourism & Lifestyle
•Economy & infrastructureEconomy & infrastructure
•Public health & safetyPublic health & safety
•Agriculture, fisheries & forestsAgriculture, fisheries & forests
•Natural resources Natural resources
•International and domestic tradeInternational and domestic trade
•Tourism & LifestyleTourism & Lifestyle
•Economy & infrastructureEconomy & infrastructure
•Public health & safetyPublic health & safety
Avian InfleuenzaAvian Infleuenza
Bio-security programBio-security program
• Comprehensive programComprehensive program• Cover the whole field of activitiesCover the whole field of activities• An updated inventoryAn updated inventory• Level of accessLevel of access• Description of useDescription of use• Documentation of any transfersDocumentation of any transfers
Risk management approachRisk management approachRisk management approachRisk management approachA modern risk management framework (SA/SNZ 1999)
Establish the context
Identify risks
Analyse risks
Treat risks
Mon
itor
and
Rev
iew
Evaluate risks
International risk management methods can be applied to all areas of economies, community and
environment
Com
mun
icat
ean
dC
onsu
lt
Training Training Identifying the rationale of these Identifying the rationale of these
precautionsprecautions