Investigation Of Leaf & Fruit Morphological Characteristics Of Tow Quercus Species (Oak)

In The Forest Of Guilan Province

By:Fereshteh Sheikh Hassan

Superviser:Dr. Shahryar Saeidi

Mehrvarz

Title

Objects Introduce of Fagaceae family Introduce of Fagaceae genera Quercus L. Material & Methods Morphological Characters Leaves characters Fruit characters Result

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Objects

We have undertaken this study to determinate morphological characters of leaf and fruit in different ecotypes of two species Q. macrenthera & Q. castaneifolia.

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Introduce of Fagaceae family

The family Fagaceae or beech family includes 9 genera and ca. 1000 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs.

Genera of Fgaceae dominate forests in the tropical, temperate and cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The memberes of family Fagaceae are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts.

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Introduce of Fagaceae genera

The Fagaceae genera including: 1-Trigonobalanus Forman. 2-Lithocarpus Bl. 3-Castanopsis Spach. 4-Castanea L. 5-Fagus L. 6-Quercus L. 7-Chrysolepis Hjelmquist. 8-Colombobalanus Nixon & Crepet. 9-Formanodendron Nixon & Crepet.

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Quercus L.

The genus Quercus (oak) includes several sections that has contains more than 500 species in the world.

Quercus macranthera- Caucasian Oak or Persian oak

belongs to Mesobalanus Section and is adapted to growing in high mountainous area.

Quercus castaneifolia- Chestnut-leaved Oak belongs to Cerris Section and is adapted to growing in lowland.

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Material & Methods

In order to research leaf & fruit morphological characters of two Quercus species in the the forest of Guilan province samples were collected from 13 ecotypes.

In each ecotype were established average of 3-5 plates 100 m² and in each plat 5-8 samples were selected randomly. Addition 310 samples were collected.

After collective samples were measure 9 & 11 morphological special characteristics in fruit & leaf respectively. These characters include 7 qualitative & 13 quantitative attributes.

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Material & MethodsThe leaf characters that were measured

and recorded including:Leaf length(cm) Leaf wide(cm) leaf wide (excluding dentate) Teeth number Petiole length Nerve number

Leaf apex form Blade base form Blade form Leaf margin

Qualitative characters

Quantitative characters

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Material & Methods

The fruit characters that were measured and recorded including:

Nut Length (cm) Nut diagonal (cm) style length (cm) Pedcel Length (cm) diagonal of Cupule (cm) Spiral Number Cupule Length (cm)

nut shap cupule sheap

Qualitative characters

Quantitative characters

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Material & Methods

Finally the data were analyzed by using Minitab ver. 14 software and SPSS ver. 16.

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Result

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CV Average Max Min Unit Characters

38% 14.3 17.3 6.7 cm Leaf length

25% 7.2 8.63 3.8cm

Leaf wide

13.8% 5.2 6.3 2.6 cmleaf wide

(excluding dentate)

8% 8-9 12 8 cm Teeth number

11.5% 1.95 2.6 0.9 cm Petiole length

Table 1: the obtained result of analyze quantitative characters in the leaf Quercu castaneifolia

Result

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CV Average Max Min Unit Characters

32% 13.3 14.2 6.7 cm Leaf length

26% 9.1 10.3 4.5 cm Leaf wide

14.5% 5.6 6.9 3.1 cm leaf wide (excluding dentate)

11% 7-8 10 6 cm Teeth number

7% 1.4 1.9 0.5 cm Petiole length

Table 2: the obtained result of analyze quantitative characters in the leaf Quercus macranthera

Result

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Table 3: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus castaneifolia

percent Most frequent

shape Characters

86% Acute Acute-- obtuse Leaf apex form

75% symmetrical Oblique-symmetrical

Blade base form

82% Long ovate Long ovate –oblong ovate-

elliptic

Blade form

100% dentate dentate Leaf margin

Result

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percent Most frequent

shape Characters

79% obtuse Acute- obtuse Leaf apex form

83% Oblique Oblique-symmetrical

Blade base form

78% Obovate Obovate -elliptic Blade form

100% dentate dentate Leaf margin

Table 4: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus macranthera

Result

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Qualitative characters of the leaf

Quercus macranthera Quercus castaneifolia

Result

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CV Average Max Min Unit Characters

12% 2.2 3.1 1.6 cm Nut Length (cm

10% 1.7 2.3 1.2 cm Nut diagonal (cm)

5% 8 10 7 - Spiral Number

8% 0.5 0.8 0.3 cm Pedcel Length(cm)

3% 0.1-0.2 0.3 0.1 cm style length(cm)

9% 2.5 3.3 1.8 cm diagonal of Cupule (cm)

8% 1.9 2.56 1.22 cm Cupule Length

Table 4: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus macranthera

Result

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CV Average Max Min Unit Characters

29% 3 4.3 2.1 cm Nut Length (cm

17% 2.3 2.7 1.8 cm Nut diagonal (cm)

12% 10 12 9 - Spiral Number

6% 0.7 1.2 0.4 cm Pedcel Length(cm)

4% 0.2 0.4 0.1 cm style length(cm)

14% 3.3 4.5 2.3 cm diagonal of Cupule (cm)

10% 1.7 2.2 1.4 cm Cupule Length

Table 4: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in thefruit Quercus castaneifolia

Result

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percent Must frequency shape Characters

63% elliptic cylindrical- elliptic-ovate

nut shape

71% cylindrical Round-cylindrical Copula shape

Table 5: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus castaneifolia

Result

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percentMust

frequency shape Characters

82% elliptic cylindrical- elliptic nut shape

76% Round Round-cylindrical Copula shape

Table 6: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in fruit Quercus macranthera

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Result

Quercus macranthera Quercus castaneifolia

Qualitative characters of the fruit

Discussion

In this investigation there were morphological characters there were diversity in leave & fruits in different ecotypes, therefore we can categorize ecotypes with special morphological characters.

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Discussion

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Quercus castaneifolia

Lahijan zemeydan vilqage-L.Satl sar

Saravan

Masule

Talesh-baresar Lakan

SHandermN

Quercus castaneifolia-leaf

Discussion

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Quercus macranthera- leaf

Asalem -Khalkhal Road

Asalem – Kiere

Amarlu

Discussion

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Lahijan zemeydan village

Saravan- MasuleLahijan.Satl sar

Talesh-Baresar

Quercus Castaneifolia- Fruit

Discussion

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Quercus macranthera- Fruit

Amarlu

Asalem – Kiere Asalem -Khalkhal Road

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Thank you

for your attention