•In the Election 1816 was the last In the Election 1816 was the last time a Federalist candidate ran for time a Federalist candidate ran for the presidency.the presidency.

•In the Election of 1820 two In the Election of 1820 two Republican candidates ran for the Republican candidates ran for the presidency:presidency:

• James MonroeJames Monroe• John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

•The Election of 1820 marked the The Election of 1820 marked the end of the Federalist Partyend of the Federalist Party

The Era of Good FeelingsThe Era of Good Feelings

President James Monroe

Why is President’s Monroe Terms in office Why is President’s Monroe Terms in office called the Era of Good Feelings?called the Era of Good Feelings?

•Since the Revolution, the country had grown from 13 states to 22 and had managed to maintain a balance of power between slave and free states

•There were 11 free states and 11 slave states, a situation that gave each faction equal representation in the Senate

•The territory of Missouri was ready to apply for statehood; the second territory west of the Mississippi River carved out of the Louisiana Purchase ready for statehood

•Missouri was geographically in the center of the U.S.

The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise 18201820

Missouri: Slave or Free?Missouri: Slave or Free? Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state and the Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state and the

North objected to the extension of slavery in the WestNorth objected to the extension of slavery in the West The debate was angry!The debate was angry! This would upset the balance of free and slave states This would upset the balance of free and slave states

politically in Congresspolitically in Congress The Tallmadge Amendment to Missouri’s petition was The Tallmadge Amendment to Missouri’s petition was

introducedintroduced– Wanted no more slaves brought into Missouri after statehoodWanted no more slaves brought into Missouri after statehood– Would free at the age of 25 all slave children born in Missouri Would free at the age of 25 all slave children born in Missouri

after statehoodafter statehood– Provided for a gradual abolition of slavery in MissouriProvided for a gradual abolition of slavery in Missouri

The House of Reps approved the amendment but it The House of Reps approved the amendment but it died in the Senate died in the Senate

The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise 18201820

A break came in 1820 when it was A break came in 1820 when it was proposed that the territory of Maine proposed that the territory of Maine break from Massachusetts and break from Massachusetts and become its own statebecome its own state

THE COMPROMISE:THE COMPROMISE: Maine entered as FREEMaine entered as FREE Missouri entered as SLAVEMissouri entered as SLAVE All territory North of the 36’ 30 All territory North of the 36’ 30

parallel be FOREVER FREEparallel be FOREVER FREE

The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise 18201820

Significance?Significance? The North expressed its MORAL objections to slavery for the The North expressed its MORAL objections to slavery for the

first time and the South was forced to defend the institution of first time and the South was forced to defend the institution of slaveryslavery

The South began to DENY CONGRESS the right to exclude The South began to DENY CONGRESS the right to exclude slavery from the territories; objections to Congress legislating slavery from the territories; objections to Congress legislating the issuethe issue

The debates were so angry and heated, it foreshadowed the The debates were so angry and heated, it foreshadowed the future struggle over the extension of slavery into the West and future struggle over the extension of slavery into the West and the South’s secession the South’s secession

Is the Missouri Compromise an example Is the Missouri Compromise an example of Nationalism? Sectionalism?of Nationalism? Sectionalism?

Thomas Jefferson on the Thomas Jefferson on the Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

What does he mean?

Monroe’s Foreign PolicyMonroe’s Foreign Policy Reflected the Reflected the

nationalism of the nationalism of the timetime

JQ Adams had a major JQ Adams had a major role as Secretary of role as Secretary of StateState

Major treaties were Major treaties were forged with Britain forged with Britain and Spainand Spain

Convention of 1819 with Convention of 1819 with BritainBritain

Nationalism and The Monroe Doctrine Nationalism and The Monroe Doctrine 18231823

Outlined by James Outlined by James Monroe in his annual Monroe in his annual message to Congress message to Congress in 1823in 1823Became a defining Became a defining moment in U.S. foreign moment in U.S. foreign policy and is still in policy and is still in effect todayeffect todayJohn Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams played a major role in played a major role in drafting the doctrinedrafting the doctrineJohn Quincy Adams

James Monroe

Causes/Events that led to the Causes/Events that led to the formation of the Monroe formation of the Monroe

DoctrineDoctrine1.1. Revolutions in Latin AmericaRevolutions in Latin America

2.2. American control of American control of Florida/Seminole WarsFlorida/Seminole Wars

3.3. British interest in Latin AmericaBritish interest in Latin America

4.4. European interference in Latin European interference in Latin AmericaAmerica

5.5. Russian colonies along the PacificRussian colonies along the Pacific

Revolutions in Latin AmericaRevolutions in Latin America

Spanish colonies in Spanish colonies in Central and South Central and South American declared American declared their independence their independence from Spainfrom Spain

Napoleon conquered Napoleon conquered Spain in 1808; this Spain in 1808; this was a sign of was a sign of instability in their instability in their mother country so mother country so many began many began declaring declaring independenceindependence

18 new nations were 18 new nations were createdcreated

**The U.S. recognized **The U.S. recognized their independencetheir independence

American Control of American Control of Florida/Seminole WarsFlorida/Seminole Wars

Seminole Chief Osceola

General Andrew Jackson

Vs.

American Control of American Control of Florida/Seminole WarsFlorida/Seminole Wars

•General Andrew Jackson invaded Florida, captured a Spanish fort General Andrew Jackson invaded Florida, captured a Spanish fort and defeated the Seminole Indians. and defeated the Seminole Indians. •At the same time, Sec of State JQ Adams was negotiating the At the same time, Sec of State JQ Adams was negotiating the purchase of Florida for the U.S. Spain did not have the means to purchase of Florida for the U.S. Spain did not have the means to retaliate.retaliate.•Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 (Ratified 1821) Florida was made (Ratified 1821) Florida was made part of the U.S. part of the U.S.

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

British British Interest in Interest in

Latin Latin AmericaAmerica

Almost all Latin American trade was carried Almost all Latin American trade was carried in British shipsin British ships

South America constituted a larger market South America constituted a larger market for British goods than the U.S.for British goods than the U.S.

Britain was viably concerned about the Britain was viably concerned about the region but as a colonial power they were region but as a colonial power they were not sympathetic to the revolutionsnot sympathetic to the revolutions

European Interference in Latin European Interference in Latin AmericaAmerica

After Napoleon’s After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, the defeat in 1815, the Spanish king was Spanish king was restored to the throne restored to the throne in 1823in 1823

Several nations joined Several nations joined in an alliance “the Holy in an alliance “the Holy Alliance” and offered Alliance” and offered to help put down the to help put down the revolutions in LA and revolutions in LA and restore them to Spainrestore them to Spain

Spanish King Ferdinand VII

Russian Colonies along the Russian Colonies along the PacificPacific

Czar Alexander I of Czar Alexander I of Russia issued a Russia issued a warning to all foreign warning to all foreign ships not to approach ships not to approach within 100 miles of the within 100 miles of the coastline of Russian coastline of Russian Alaska at any point Alaska at any point north of the 51north of the 51stst parallelparallel

Any ship ignoring the Any ship ignoring the warning would be warning would be seizedseizedCzar Alexander I of

Russia

American Reaction and American Reaction and ActionAction

Secretary of State John Q Adams sent a Secretary of State John Q Adams sent a strong note of proteststrong note of protest to Russia to Russia asserting asserting American rights to sail in American rights to sail in Pacific watersPacific waters

The U.S. formally recognized the The U.S. formally recognized the independence of the revolutionary independence of the revolutionary governments of Latin Americagovernments of Latin America

President Monroe in his State of the Union President Monroe in his State of the Union Address December 2, 1823 announced a Address December 2, 1823 announced a new U.S. foreign policy- later called the new U.S. foreign policy- later called the MONROE DOCTRINEMONROE DOCTRINE

The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine1.1. The continents of North and South America The continents of North and South America

were closed to further colonization by Europewere closed to further colonization by Europe2.2. Any attempt by a European power to “extend Any attempt by a European power to “extend

their system” to any part of the Western their system” to any part of the Western Hemisphere would be considered a threat to Hemisphere would be considered a threat to the U.S.the U.S.

3.3. If any European power interfered with the If any European power interfered with the new independent republics of Latin America, new independent republics of Latin America, the U.S. would consider it an unfriendly the U.S. would consider it an unfriendly actionaction

4.4. The U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of The U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of Europe and continue to remain neutral; Europe and continue to remain neutral; ISOLATIONISMISOLATIONISM

Why is the Monroe Doctrine Why is the Monroe Doctrine historically significant?historically significant?

1.1. It is a direct warning to all of Europe It is a direct warning to all of Europe that the U.S. is vitally concerned with that the U.S. is vitally concerned with the Western Hemispherethe Western Hemisphere

2.2. U.S. took on the role of protector and U.S. took on the role of protector and “big brother” for the Western “big brother” for the Western HemisphereHemisphere

3.3. Symbol of American strength and Symbol of American strength and NationalismNationalism

Did this make the U.S. a WORLD POWER???Did this make the U.S. a WORLD POWER???

The West and Northwest 1819-The West and Northwest 1819-18241824