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Publication Information: Book Title: Globalization: A Very Short Introduction. Contributors:

Manfred B. Steger - author. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: Oxford.

Publication Year: 2003. Page Number:

I understand that globalization is a contested concept that refers to sometimes contradictory social processes, abright history major at the back of the room quipped.

This book has been written with a keen awareness that the study of globalization falls outside currently established academic fields.Yet, the lack of a firm disciplinary home also contains great opportunity. Globalization studies is emerging as a new field that cuts

across traditional disciplinary boundaries. This strong emphasis oninterdisciplinarity requires students of globalization to familiarize themselves with literatures on subjects that have often been studiedin isolation from each other. The greatest challenge facing today's globalization researcher lies, therefore, in connecting and

synthesizing the various strands of knowledge in a way that does justice to theincreasingly fluid and interdependent nature of our postmodern world. In short, globalization studies calls for an interdisciplinaryapproach broad enough to behold the big picture. Such a comprehensive intellectual enterprise may well lead to the rehabilitation

of the academic generalist whose status, for too long, has been overshadowedby the specialist.

Publication Information: Book Title: Globalization and National Identities: Crisis or Opportunity?.

Contributors: Paul Kennedy - editor, Catherine J. Danks - editor. Publisher: Palgrave. Place of

Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2001

1Introduction: Globalization and the Crisis of Identities?Paul Kennedy

The literature on contemporary identities and social change abounds with terminology and images of radicaltransition, disorientation, turbulence, confusion, rootlessness and constant motion. The possibility of crisis or eventhe chaos of a Humpty-Dumpty world where no amount of trying will ever succeed in putting things back together

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again, seems an ever-present reality. Thus, societies are fragmenting and disintegrating; their internal structuresare becoming dis-assembled and merged into the maelstrom of the global post-modern (Hall, 1992: 302). Theboundaries of societies and cultures are being breached by vast, criss-crossing flows of ideas, images andinformation, their former impermeability lost forever. Communities, once invested with deep meanings andencapsulating close-knit relations, are becoming de-localized torn from familiar and particular places (Albrow etal., 1997). Everywhere the once-separate items in the global mosaic of cultures are leaking, merging into oneanother (Friedman, 1994), losing their distinctiveness. Meanwhile nations have become unbound and experiencedeterritorialization as multinational corporations (MNCs) weave chunks of local economies into their own global

empires, as migrant diasporas refuse permanent assimilation, preferring to develop transnational networks thatspan their home and host society (Basch et al., 1994) and as global social movements embed national citizens inworldwide commitments. Everyone on the planet, it seems, is being propelled into a life of perpetual mobility,whether of the imagination, the body or both (Rapport and Dawson, 1998: 4).

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Publication Information: Book Title: Globalization, Marginalization and Development. Contributors: S. Mansoob Murshed - editor.

Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 2002. Pg no. 4

The last two decades have been described as the era of globalization. In economic terms, this implies the

accelerated integration of world markets, not only with respect to international trade, but also in the worlds

financial markets. In principle, this should offer poorer countries an opportunity to grow faster and catch up with

more affluent countries. But more often than not, globalization has led to the marginalization of poor low-income

countries. This means that their participation in the increased trade that globalization brings is limited, and in many

instances is declining in relative terms. Their access to private international financial markets is practically non-

existent, and their share of inflows of real inward investment is in many cases declining. Globalization attenuates

the policy autonomy of the nation state, thereby offering fewer options for development strategies. Many low-

income countries - especially in Africa, but also in Latin America - have had long periods of negative economic

growth and declining human development indicators during the era of globalization

The term globalization is used rather ambiguously. It is used in the positive sense to point at the increasedinternational integration of trade, investment and finance; it is also employed in the normative sense to denote a

reaction to increased integration, and the policies that follow from there (Nayyar 1997). Globalization and openness

are not new phenomena. The period before the First World War offers parallels to the present day in terms of a

highly integrated world economy measured by a high degree of international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI),

as well as financial flows (portfolio investment and direct lending to banks and governments).

This volume focuses on globalization and the challenges it creates for developing countries that mainly

fall within the UN least developed country (LDC) grouping, and the World Bank low-income definition.

The first section presents the picture of the marginalization of most low-income countries in the

contemporary era of globalization

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Publication Information: Book Title: Globalization and Social Change: People and Places in a Divided World. Contributors: Diane

Perrons - author. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 2004

Globalization and Social Change analyses the effects of globalization and the new economy on people living and

working in different places. Emphasis is placed on socio-economic aspects of change, particularly on the

development of information and communication technologies and changes in working patterns and living

arrangements.

Globalization and the new economy encapsulate the transformation of economic and social relations across theglobe. People and places are increasingly interlinked through the organization of work, the flows of goods andservices and the exchange of ideas. Even so the contemporary world is characterized by difference rather thanuniformity and widening rather than narrowing inequality but the spatial pattern is complex; while some peopleand places are involved in highly interactive global networks others are largely excluded, creating new andreinforcing old patterns of uneven development. Despite the enormous advances in human ingenuity andtechnology that have created unparalleled wealth and an economically more integrated world, social and spatialdivisions are widening. Globalization and Social Change analyses the effects of globalization and the new economyon people living and working in different places. Emphasis is placed on socio-economic aspects of change,particularly on the development of information and communication technologies and changes in working patternsand living arrangements.

This book illustrates and explains some of the divisions between countries, between regions and within

cities, emphasizing how they provide quite different opportunities within which people live their lives,

even though they are increasingly linked within the global economy.

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Globalization defines our era. It is what happens when the movement

of people, goods, or ideas among countries and regions accelerates

(Coatsworth, this volume). In recent years, globalization has come into

focus, generating considerable interest and controversy in the social sci-

ences, humanities, and policy circles and among the informed public at

large From terrorism to the environment, HIV-AIDS to Severe Acute Respira-

tory Syndrome (SARS), free trade to protectionism, population growth to

poverty and social justice, globalization seems deeply implicated innearly all of the major issues of the new millennium. While globalization has created a great deal of debate in

econo- mic, policy, and grassroots circles, many implications and applications

of the phenomenon remain virtual terra incognita.

Publication Information: Book Title: Globalization: Culture and Education in the New Millennium. Contributors: Marcelo M.

Surez-Orozco - editor, Desire Baolian Qin-Hilliard - editor. Publisher: University of California Press. Place of Publication: Berkeley,

CA. Publication Year: 2004

Virtually all aspects of modern lifeour jobs, our culture, our relation-

ships with one anotherare being transformed by the profound forcesof globalization. Goods and people flow across national borders, and

data and information flash around the world, at an ever acceleratingrate.