In-text Source Citations For APA Slide 2 APA requires
parenthetical references in the text to document quotations,
paraphrases, summaries, and other material from a source. These
citations correspond to full bibliographic entries in your
Reference Page. An in-text citation always indicates which source
on the reference page the writer is referring to, and it explains
in what year the material was published. For quoted material, the
in-text citation also indicates where in the source the quotation
can be found. Slide 3 Basic format for a quotation: Generally, use
the authors name in a signal phrase to introduce the cited
material, and place the date, in parentheses, immediately after the
authors name. The page number, preceded by p., appears in
parentheses after the quotation. Robert Gitlin (2001) pointed out
that political critics, convinced that the media are rigged against
them are often blind to other substantial reasons why their causes
are unpersuasive (p. 141). Slide 4 If the author is not named in a
signal phrase, place the authors name, the year, and the page
number in parentheses after the quotation: (Gitlin, 2001, p. 141).
For electronic texts or other works without page numbers, you may
use paragraph numbers with the abbreviation para. Driver (2007) has
noticed an increasing focus on the role of land in policy debates
over the past decade (para.1). Slide 5 Basic format for a
paraphrase or summary: Include the authors last name and the years
as in the first example, but omit the page or paragraph number
unless the reader will need it to find the material in a long work.
Robert Gitlin (2001) has argued that critics sometimes overestimate
the influence of the media on modern life. Slide 6 Two Authors Use
both names in all citations. Use and in a signal phrase, but use an
ampersand (&) in parentheses: Babcock and Laschever (2003) have
suggested that many women do not negotiate their salaries and pay
raises as vigorously as their male counterparts do. A recent study
has suggested that many women do not negotiate their salaries and
pay raises as vigorously as their male counterparts do (Babcock
& Laschever, 2003). Slide 7 Corporate or Group Author If the
name of the organization or corporation is long, spell it out the
first time you use it, followed by an abbreviation in brackets. In
later references, use the abbreviation only: First citation:
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). Later
citations: (CDC, 2006). Slide 8 Unknown Author Use the title or its
first few words in a signal phrase or in parentheses. A books title
is italicized, as in the following example; an articles title is
placed in quotation marks: The employment profiles for this time
period substantiated this trend (Federal Employment, 2001). Slide 9
Electronic Document Cite a Web or electronic document as you would
a print source, using the authors name and date: Link and Phelan
(2005) argued for broader interventions in public health that would
be accessible to anyone, regardless of individual wealth. Slide 10
Electronic Document, cont. For the following electronic sources
without names, dates, or page numbers: Author unknown: Use a
shortened form of the title in a signal phrase or in parentheses.
If an organization is the author, then use the same format as you
would an unknown author. Slide 11 Electronic Document, cont. Date
Unknown: Use the abbreviation n.d. (for no date) in place of the
year: (Hopkins, n.d.). No page numbers: Many works found online or
in electronic databases lack stable page numbers. If paragraph
numbers are included in such a source, then use the abbreviation
para: (Giambetti, 2006, para. 7). If not paragraph numbers are
included but the source includes headings, give the heading and
identify the paragraph in the section: Jacobs and Johnson (2007)
have argued that the South African media is still highly
concentrated and not very diverse in terms of race and class (South
African Media after Apartheid, para. 3). Slide 12 Background Text
& Lines Shadows Title Text FillsAccent Accent & Hyperlink
Followed Hyperlink Colour Scheme Slide 13 Sample Graph (3 colours)
Slide 14 Picture slide Bullet 1 Bullet 2 Slide 15 Process Flow
Bullet 1 Bullet 2 Bullet 3 Bullet 1 Bullet 2 Bullet 3 Bullet 1
Bullet 2 Bullet 3 Bullet 1 Bullet 2 Bullet 3 Bullet 1 Bullet 2
Bullet 3 Plan Design Build Test Evaluate Slide 16 Example of a
table Title Data Note: PowerPoint does not allow you to have nice
default tables - but you can cut and paste this one Slide 17
Examples of default styles Text and lines are like this Hyperlinks
like this Visited hyperlinks like this Table Text box With shadow
Text box With shadow Slide 18 Use of templates You are free to use
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