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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH COLLABORATIVE

WRITING METHOD

(A Classroom Action Research at the Eleventh Grade of Science 3rd

Students of

SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the Academic Year of 2016/2017)

THESIS

HERINDA IKAWATI

K2212035

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2018

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ABSTRACT

Herinda Ikawati. K2212035. IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH

COLLABORATIVE WRITING METHOD (A Classroom Action Research at the Eleventh

Grade of Science 3rd

Students of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the Academic Year of

2016/2017). Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University, January 2018.

The objective of the research is to find out (1) the effective implementation of

Collaborative Writing method in improving students’ writing skill at the eleventh grade of

Science 3rd students of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the academic year of 2016/2017; and(2)

the difficulties in implementing Collaborative Writing method at the eleventh grade of Science

3rd students of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the academic year of 2016/2017

This research belongs to Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the research

are 39 of the eleventh grade of Science 3rd students of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the

academic year of 2016/2017. The research was conducted in 2 cycles. Every cycle consisted of

three meetings. There were four stages in each meeting, they were; planning, implementing,

observing, and reflecting. The techniques of collecting data were observation, questionnaire,

interview, field note, photograph and test. The qualitative data of the research were analyzed by

using three stages, namely: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification.

Meanwhile, the quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic.

The results of the research shows that; (1) the implementation of Collaborative Writing

method can be achieved effectively by applying three main stages of Collaborative Writing;

making an outline, discussing the draft, and peer editing. By applying those stages, it can also

improve students’ writing skill which consisted of mechanics, vocabulary, grammar,

organization, and content; and (2) there are two main problems found in implementing

Collaborative Writing; the implementation of Collaborative Writing spent so much time and

students’ contribution was not optimal since the groups distribution was decided by the

researcher.

Keywords: writing skill, Collaborative Writing, Classroom Action Research

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Abstrak

Herinda Ikawati. K2212035. IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH

COLLABORATIVE WRITING METHOD (A Classroom Action Research at the Eleventh

Grade of Science 3rd

Students of SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in the Academic Year of

2016/2017). Skripsi, Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. January 2018.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui penerapan yang efektif dari metode

Collaborative Writing dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa kelas XI IPA 3 SMA

Negeri 2 Karanganyar Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017; dan (2) mengetahui kesulitan-kesulitan dalam

penerapan metode Collaborative Writing selama penelitian di kelas XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 2

Karanganyar Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017.

Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, angket, wawancara, catatan lapangan,

dokumentasi, dan tes. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan tiga tahapan: reduksi data,

tampilan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Sementara itu, data kuantitatif dianalisis

menggunakan deskriptif statistik.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) penerapan Collaborative Writing bisa dicapai

secara efektif jika tiga tahapan dalam Collaborative Writing diaplikasikan secara tepat, yaitu:

membuat outline sebelum menulis naskah, mendiskusikan naskah sambil dipantau oleh peneliti,

dan menyunting naskah bersama teman satu kelompok sebelum dikumpulkan. Dengan

menerapkan ketiga tahapan tersebut, dapat meningkatkan situasi kelas dan kemampuan menulis

siswa yang terdiri dari mekanik, kosa kata, tata bahasa, organisasi kalimat, dan konten; dan (2)

ada dua masalah utama dalam penerapan Collaborative Writing; penerapan Collaborative

Writing memakan banyak waktu dan distribusi siswa tidak optimal karena pembagian kelompok

ditentukan oleh peneliti.

Keywords: kemampuan menulis, collaborative writing, penelitian tindakan kelas

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MOTTO

“Allah doesn’t burden a soul beyond that it can bear.”

(QS. Al Baqarah: 286)

“Surely there is an ease after hardship.”

(QS. Al Insyirah: 6)

“Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.”

(Albert Einstein)

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DEDICATION

This thesis is whole-heartedly dedicated to:

My Mom and Dad, who always pray and give their unconditional love to me.

My beloved family, who always give their support to me.

All of my teachers in my life, especially for these three adorable high school teachers

who always inspire me a lot: Drs. Marwito Rusdy, Dra. Prantaningrih, and Dyah

Listyorini, S.Pd.

I myself, who still have a long journey ahead.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praises be to Allah SWT for giving His blessings and mercy to the writer, so that the

writer is able to finish this thesis. The writer realizes that this thesis could not be finished

completely without support, guidance, and help from some special people around the writer.

Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude for these following people:

1. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of

Sebelas Maret University.

2. Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum, the Head of English Education Department.

3. Drs. Gunarso Susilohadi, M.Ed, TESOL, as the first consultant, whose guidance, advice,

and suggestions has encouraged the writer to finish this thesis. The writer owes a real

debt of gratitude to him.

4. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd, as the second consultant who always carefully reads and gives

corrections for the improvement of the writer’s thesis. The writer is forever in his debt.

5. Dra. Hj. Suliyastuti, MM., the Headmaster of SMA N 2 Karanganyar for permitting the

writer to conduct the research there.

6. Drs. Agus Haryatmo, M.Pd., the English teacher of SMA N 2 Karanganyar who has kind-

heartedly allowed and guided the writer in conducting the research at his class.

7. The eleventh grade of Science 3rd

students of SMA N 2 Karanganyar for their

contribution and well-cooperation during the research.

8. The writer’s best friends; Diah Dwi Handayani, Masna Farihah, Hijroh Khavidhoh J.N,

Dewi Fatma Wulansari, Bidayatul Hidayah, Avni Laksmi Dara, Fatma Sahalia, Frischa

Cindy D.U, Dinita Anggraini, Ariska Yuliani, Denty Marga Sukma and Gedis Wiranur

Putri who always give their prayer, support and help.

9. All of the writer’s fellows in English Education Department 2012 for the togetherness for

more than 4 years.

Hopefully, this thesis can bring any contribution for English teaching learning process in

the future. In addition, the writer would like to thank to the readers who would have read this

thesis someday.

Surakarta, January 2018

Herinda Ikawati

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF TITLE ................................................................................................................ i

PRONOUNCEMENT ......................................................................................................... ii

PAGE OF APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... iii

PAGE OF LEGALIZATION .............................................................................................. iv

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ v

MOTTO .............................................................................................................................. vii

DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... x

LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study...................................................................... 1

B. Problems Statement.............................................................................. 7

C. Objectives of the Research ................................................................... 7

D. Benefits of the Research ...................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Theoretical Description

1. The Definition of Writing .............................................................. 9

2. Micro and Macro Skill in Writing.................................................. 10

3. The Indicators of Writing ............................................................... 11

4. The Types of Writing ..................................................................... 13

5. The Scoring Rubric of Writing ...................................................... 15

B. Concepts of Collaborative Writing

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1. The Definition of Collaborative Writing ........................................ 17

2. The Procedure of Teaching Using Collaborative Writing ............. 17

3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Collaborative Writing ...... 19

C. Review of Related Research ................................................................ 21

D. Rationale .............................................................................................. 23

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Context of the Study

1. Research Setting.............................................................................. 25

2. The Subject of the Research ........................................................... 27

B. Method of The Research

1. The Definition of Action Research ................................................. 27

2. The Model of Action Research ....................................................... 28

3. The Kind of Action Research ........................................................ 29

C. The Techniques of Collecting Data

1. Observation ..................................................................................... 31

2. Interview ......................................................................................... 32

3. Field note ........................................................................................ 32

D. The Techniques of Analyzing Data ..................................................... 33

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Findings

1. Pre Research Situation .................................................................... 35

2. Research Implementation................................................................ 43

a. Cycle 1 ...................................................................................... 43

1) Planning .............................................................................. 43

2) Implementing ...................................................................... 43

3) Observation ......................................................................... 51

4) Reflection ............................................................................ 54

b. Cycle 2 ...................................................................................... 57

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1) Planning .............................................................................. 57

2) Implementing ...................................................................... 58

3) Observation ......................................................................... 66

4) Reflection ............................................................................ 68

B. Discussion

1. The Implementation of Collaborative Writing Method ................. 73

a. Improving Students’ Writing Skill............................................ 73

b. Improving Class Situation......................................................... 76

2. The Difficulties in Implementing Collaborative Writing .............. 77

CHAPTER V RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 78

B. Implication ........................................................................................... 78

C. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 80

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 82

APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 85

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 The Scoring Rubric of Writing …………………………………………... 15

Table 3.1 The Schedule of the Research ……………………………………………. 26

Table 4.1 The Result of Pre Research Questionnaire ……………………………….. 36

Table 4.2 The Students’ Average Score in Pre Test ………………………………… 38

Table 4.3 The Problems Found in Pre Research …………………………………….. 41

Table 4.4 The Students’ Average Score in Post Test 1 ……………………………… 54

Table 4.5 The Improvement of Students’ Score in Post Test 1 ……………………… 54

Table 4.6 The Students’ Average Score in Post Test 2 ……………………………… 68

Table 4.7 The Students’ Score Achievement in the Final Test ……………………… 68

Table 4.8 The Summary of Research Findings ……………………………………… 69

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Questionnaire of Pre Research ...................................................................... 86

Appendix 2 Sample of Students’ Pre Research Questionnaire ......................................... 88

Appendix 3 The Result of Pre Research Questionnaire .................................................... 90

Appendix 4 Questions for Teacher’s Interview ............................................................... 92

Appendix 5 Transcript of Interview with the Teacher ...................................................... 93

Appendix 6 Questions for Students’ Interview in Pre Research ....................................... 96

Appendix 7 Transcript of Interview with Students in Pre Research ................................. 97

Appendix 8 Field Note of Pre Research ........................................................................... 102

Appendix 9 List of Students’ Name .................................................................................. 105

Appendix 10 Test Instrument (Pre Test) ........................................................................... 107

Appendix 11 Sample of Students’ Pre Test Worksheet .................................................... 108

Appendix 12 The Result of Pre Test ................................................................................ 110

Appendix 13 Lesson Plan of Cycle 1 ................................................................................. 114

Appendix 14 Field Note of the Research in Cycle 1.......................................................... 137

Appendix 15 Sample of Students’ Worksheet in Cycle 1 .................................................. 144

Appendix 16 Test Instrument (Post Test 1) ..................................................................... 155

Appendix 17 Sample of Students’ Worksheet in Post Test 1 ............................................ 156

Appendix 18 The Result of Post Test 1 ............................................................................ 158

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Appendix 19 Lesson Plan of Cycle 2 ................................................................................. 163

Appendix 20 Field Note of the Research in Cycle 2.......................................................... 184

Appendix 21 Sample of Students’ Worksheet in Cycle 2 ................................................. 190

Appendix 22 Test Instrument (Post Test 2) ..................................................................... 197

Appendix 23 Sample of Students’ Worksheet in Post Test 2 ............................................ 198

Appendix 24 The Result of Post Test 2 ............................................................................ 200

Appendix 25 Questions for Students’ Interview after Research ....................................... 205

Appendix 26 Transcript of Interview with Students after Research ................................ 206

Appendix 27 Questionnaire of Post Research.................................................................... 208

Appendix 28 Sample of Students’ Post Research Questionnaire ...................................... 210

Appendix 29 The Result of Post Research Questionnaire ................................................ 212

Appendix 30 Syllabus ...................................................................................................... 214

Appendix 31 Photographs ................................................................................................. 236

Appendix 32 Letters of Permission .................................................................................. 238