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IMPROVING RESILIENCE AGAINST EXTREME AND RARE EVENTS IN COASTAL REGIONS: AN INITIAL METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL THE CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF RETHYMNO V.K.Tsoukala, C. Makropoulos, A. Lykou, M. Chodros, N. Manojlovic and Z. Vojinovic 4

IMPROVING RESILIENCEAGAINST XTREMEAND RARE EVENTS …adapttoclimate.uest.gr/full_paper/tsoukala_et_al_1.pdf · WP1 Understanding of formation of vulnerabilities and risk in coastal

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Page 1: IMPROVING RESILIENCEAGAINST XTREMEAND RARE EVENTS …adapttoclimate.uest.gr/full_paper/tsoukala_et_al_1.pdf · WP1 Understanding of formation of vulnerabilities and risk in coastal

IMPROVING RESILIENCE AGAINST EXTREME AND RARE

EVENTS IN COASTAL REGIONS: AN INITIAL METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL

THE CASE STUDYOFTHE CITY OF RETHYMNO

V.K. Tsoukala, C. Makropoulos, A. Lykou, M. Chodros, N. Manojlovic and Z. Vojinovic4

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PEARL will address the threats posed in terms of flood prediction and control, by taking into account 

governance and socio‐economic issues

The project aims to develop:novel technologies and methods for an holistic and cost effective risk reduction frameworkevent predictionforecast and warning systemsstructural and non‐structural strategies and active stakeholder participation of real case studies  

Introduction

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Objectives of the researchDesign and develop adaptive risk management approaches that minimize social and economic losses and environmental impacts and increase resilience to extreme hydro‐meteorological events in coastal regions in Europe

Improve forecasting, prediction and early warning capabilities

Develop robust prevention, mitigation and  preparedness strategies

Build a pan‐European knowledge base that gathers real case studies and demonstrations of best practice across the EU 

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Integration of different components withinthe PEARL risk governance approach

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WP1  Understanding of  formation of vulnerabilities and risk in coastal regions. WP2 Analyzing and Developing of Extreme eventsWP3 Developing methods for assessment of impacts and vulnerabilities due to 

individual and coinciding hazardous events. WP4 Advancements of early warning systems, methodologies and tools.  WP5 Identify resilient strategies (i.e., protection, short‐ and‐long term 

adaptation and mitigation strategies) Decision support for policy development and work on science‐policy interfacing with an emphasis on risk governance.

WP6 Case Studies. WP7 DisseminationWP8 Project management and coordination

Work Plan

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Work Plan

Overview of work packages and 

their interactions

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Rethymno

Population: 32.468Density : 140,12 pop./km2

RethymnoCase Study (1)

Artificial SurfacesAgricultural areas

&Forest and semi natural surfaces

Corine land cover 2000

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OpenStreetMap

(2)

geodata.gov.gr.

166 km2

Archontakis, 2013

Arrangement and diversion of the main streams in the urban area

Main stream basins

1st order river basins

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Engineering measures were selected for the mitigation of flood hazard:

• Arrangement and diversion of streams and torrents

• Construction of circular stormwater drainage collectors

• Construction of internal-primary drainage network

• Construction of flood control dams

Mitigation measures

Archontakis, 2013

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Historic Floods (1969‐ 1991)

Archontakis, 2013

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Recent Floods (2010‐ 2013)

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Methodology

Amodel chain will be set foratmosphericstorm surgefloodplainwavesriver and pipe networks

In order to understand the formation of hazards and model extreme events individually and in coincidence from the ocean till the origins of Rethymno’sriver basins

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Global simulationwill be held for the analysis of climate change and sea level rise. 

• The global ocean model MPIOM will be used with enhanced resolution around Europe, to model the tidal potential. 

• REMOwill be interactively coupled to MPIOM over the northeast Atlantic and Europe to get a high resolution atmospheric forcing. 

• A1B SRES emission scenario will be used for the time period until the end of the 21st century to incorporate the climate change

• Estimation of Wave Characteristics will be done using a 4‐level downscaling simulation

Methodology

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Level I

Area of computational grid Med basin

Boundaries  Longitude range      [‐7°, 36°] Latitude range         [30.25°, 45.75°]

Spatial analysis 0.1° x 0.1°

Temporal data analysis (time step) 3 hr (03:00, 06:00etc)

Parameter  Sea level change due meteorological tide

Sea level change & Simulation of storm surge

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Level IArea of computational grid Greek seas

Boundaries  Longitude range      [ 19.4°, 30°]Latitude range         [30°, 43°]

Spatial analysis 0.05° x 0.05°

Temporal data analysis (time step) 6 hr (06:00, 12:00etc)

Parameter  Sea level change due meteorological tide

Level II

Boundaries will be set on the Greek sees 

Sea level change & Simulation of storm surge

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Simulation of wave heightThe wave prediction system for the Greek Seas will be based on

SWAN wave model and will utilise the wind field data(wind velocity and direction at 10m over the sea level)

available through the data base provided by the climatic model.

Climatic simulations and predictions will be produced for the periods1961‐20002000‐2100

Level III

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Level-I (0.2ox0.2o) ~20km Level-II (0.05ox0.05o) ~5km

Level‐III (100‐300m), local near shore areas 

Bathymetry uses the GEBCO dataset (30” grid)

• High quality at the areas of interest

• Recently updated• Well documented• Operationally used

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Xbeachwill capture :wave propagation, long waves and mean flow, sediment transport morphological changes 

Local coastal area wave conditions:

SWAN            XBeach SOBEK 

Level IVSWAN will be coupled with XBeach, a model developed for eXtreme beach beahavior

The SOBEK modeling suite is expected to complete the model chainSOBEK simulates combinations of flow in 

closed conduits open channelsrivers overland flows

Xbeachwill capture :wave propagation long waves and mean flow sediment transport morphological changes 

The XBeachmodel will be applied to Rethymno’s coastal area extending several kilometers in the longshoreand about a kilometer in the cross‐shore

The XBeachmodel will be applied to Rethymno’s coastal area extending several kilometers in the longshoreand about a kilometer in the cross‐shore

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Holistic and Multiple Risk Assessment  based on socio‐economic issues will be carried out

Agent Based Models (ABM) will be developed to simulate the  impact of the decision making processes of local stakeholders such us:

Municipality, Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company,Municipal Port Authority and the Civil Protection Authority of Rethymno

on the evolution of flood risk

ABMwill be tested for both strategic and operational risk assessment purposes. 

The risk assessment will be made in Rethymno for the given scenarios through the combined use of ABM and work with stakeholders.

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Implementation and validation of  ABM

Linking ABM to local weather forecasts will be explored in order to set up an early warning system for combined risk forecasting

A toolbox supporting selection of resilient strategies will be developed that will include :

advanced multi‐criteria decision analysis methods robust and efficient multi‐objective optimization algorithms that can select and evaluate strategies and measures

NEXT STEPS ‐1

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A platformwill be developed for  decision support and policy development for strengthening resilience in coastal regions and tested 

Stakeholders will interact with the key processestools methodsframework

NEXT STEPS ‐2

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• An overview of the objectives and broad methodology of an EU funded project addressing issues of extreme and rare events in coastal region were presented. 

• The specific application of the proposed methodology in Rethymnocoastal region in Crete was also analyzed.

• The overall result of the work is expected to be the development of an actionable roadmap for flood risk management for Rethymno

Conclusion

Page 23: IMPROVING RESILIENCEAGAINST XTREMEAND RARE EVENTS …adapttoclimate.uest.gr/full_paper/tsoukala_et_al_1.pdf · WP1 Understanding of formation of vulnerabilities and risk in coastal

Such a roadmap and supporting tools, methods and frameworks: 

can assist stakeholders to enhance flood resilience in coastal areas across Europe providing a robust framework for integrating lessons and ideas from the global effort to 

DECREASEVULNERABILITIES IN COASTAL ZONES. 

Conclusion